Apple juice · 7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_separate_outputs	Pomace, recovered aroma, usable condensate, and other outputs	Record gross process inputs and every output before allocation. A stream is a co-product only when its product status, destination, quantity, and beneficial use are evidenced; otherwise model it as waste with its treatment route.	iso-14044-2006; fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001
allocation_avoid_where_possible	Multi-output foreground processes	First subdivide metered operations or apply a documented physical relationship that reflects the causal use of resources. Do not assign zero burden to a co-product merely because it is low value.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_fallback	Multi-output process where subdivision or a causal physical relationship is not feasible	Apply an economic allocation using contemporaneous quantities and prices at a common gate, run a sensitivity case when the allocation is material, and disclose method, period, currency, price source, and allocation factors.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_internal_transfers	Juice, concentrate, recovered aroma, and rework transferred within the foreground	Treat internal transfers consistently and count their burdens once. Rework returned to production is not a co-product and must retain the additional processing and loss burdens.	iso-14044-2006

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_receiving_records	apple_receiving_preparation	apples; water; cleaners; prepared apples; rejects; wastewater	weighbridge, receiving, dosing, meter, quality, and discharge records	lot_id; supplier; received_mass_kg; accepted_mass_kg; rejected_mass_kg; water_m3; density; cleaner_mass_kg; wastewater_m3; destination; stock_change	Calibrated scales and meters reconciled with lot acceptance and dispatch records	kg; m3	Each lot or batch, aggregated monthly	Representative production period covering seasonal apple supply	Each included receiving and preparation line	Sum accepted production records; allocate shared cleaning by measured run time or documented driver; reconcile stock change	Calibration, lot acceptance, invoice, meter, cleaning, and waste-transfer records
cp_extraction_records	juice_extraction	prepared apples; energy; aids; raw juice; pomace	batch, scale, tank, meter, dosing, and residue records	batch_id; apple_mass_kg; juice_mass_kg; juice_brix; pomace_mass_kg; pomace_moisture; electricity_kWh; steam_kg; aid_mass_kg; destination	Calibrated scales, tank measurements, meters, and production logs	kg; kWh	Each batch or production run, aggregated monthly	Representative production period covering operating modes	Each included mill and press line	Reconcile input, output, residue, moisture, evaporation, and stock change before normalization	Scale and meter calibration, batch logs, laboratory results, and residue dispatch records
cp_finishing_records	juice_finishing	juice input; processing aids; utilities; finished juice; residues; wastewater	tank, dosing, meter, laboratory, filter-change, and discharge records	batch_id; input_mass_kg; output_mass_kg; input_brix; output_brix; aid_mass_kg; energy; water_m3; residue_mass_kg; wastewater_m3; technology	Calibrated tank/scale measurements, dosing records, meters, and quality tests	kg; m3; kWh	Each batch or filter campaign, aggregated monthly	Representative production period covering each declared finishing route	Each included finishing line	Keep clear/cloudy technologies separate; reconcile product retained in filters and cleaning losses	Calibration, batch recipe, filter logs, laboratory results, and waste records
cp_concentration_records	juice_concentration	juice feed; utilities; concentrate; recovered products; condensate and losses	tank, solids, utility meter, aroma recovery, and discharge records	campaign_id; feed_mass_kg; feed_brix; concentrate_mass_kg; concentrate_brix; steam; electricity; cooling; recovered_mass; condensate_m3; losses; stock_change	Calibrated mass/tank measurements, soluble-solids analysis, utility meters, and recovery logs	kg; m3; kWh; degree Brix	Each concentration campaign, aggregated monthly	Representative period covering evaporator loads and cleaning cycles	Each included concentration and aroma-recovery train	Apply total-mass and soluble-solids balances; keep useful recovered streams separate by destination	Calibration, laboratory, utility, recovery, cleaning, and discharge records
cp_reconstitution_records	juice_reconstitution	concentrate; water; permitted ingredients; reconstituted juice; losses	lot, recipe, scale, dosing, water meter, tank, and laboratory records	batch_id; concentrate_lot; concentrate_mass_kg; concentrate_brix; water_mass_kg; ingredient_mass_kg; output_mass_kg; output_brix; losses; market_specification	Calibrated scales/meters plus approved batch recipe and laboratory verification	kg; degree Brix	Each batch	Representative period covering formulations and suppliers	Each included reconstitution line and formulation	Close total-mass and soluble-solids balances for each batch before aggregation	Calibration, supplier certificate, approved recipe, laboratory result, and deviation record
cp_finalisation_records	preservation_packaging_dispatch	juice input; energy; packaging; released juice; rejects; wastewater; refrigerant	tank/scale, thermal or non-thermal control, utility meter, packaging issue, release, waste, cleaning, and service records	batch_id; juice_input_kg; process_parameters; energy; packaging_item_mass; items_used; product_output_kg; held_or_rejected_kg; wastewater_m3; refrigerant_charge_and_makeup_kg; release_status	Calibrated meters and scales reconciled to line, release, warehouse, waste, and maintenance records	kg; m3; kWh; route-specific control unit	Each batch and packaging run, aggregated monthly	Representative period covering product formats and operating modes	Each included preservation, filling, storage, and bulk-dispatch system	Include released output only; separate formats and routes before weighted aggregation	Calibration, validated process record, packaging specification, quality release, warehouse, waste, and service evidence

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	All foreground inventory rows	normalized amount = period-attributable amount / kg released reference apple juice in the same period	attributable flow amount; released apple juice mass; stock change; rework status	amount per 1 kg reference apple juice	iso-14044-2006
calc_process_mass_balance	Every included process	mass-balance residual = total mass inputs - product outputs - co-product outputs - waste outputs - measured wastewater constituents or bulk stream mass - evaporation - stock increase; investigate and disclose material residuals	process input/output masses; moisture or solids data; evaporation; stock change	reconciled process mass balance and residual	iso-14044-2006
calc_reconstitution_solids	Reconstituted juice batches	dry-solids proxy balance = sum(input mass x measured soluble-solids fraction) compared with output mass x measured output soluble-solids fraction; use this as a QA balance, not as a universal conversion of Brix to dry matter	concentrate, water, ingredient, and output masses; measured soluble solids	batch solids-balance check and reconstitution ratio	codex-cxs-247-2005-2025
calc_packaging_mass	Packaged apple juice	packaging mass per kg juice = sum(items used x verified mass per item) / released juice mass, adjusted for rejects and documented reuse cycles	packaging counts; item masses; rejects; reuse cycles; released juice mass	packaging inventory per 1 kg reference product	fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001
calc_allocation_factor	Evidenced co-products	Calculate factors from the selected physical relationship or from contemporaneous output quantity x price at a common gate; factors for one process must sum to one	output quantities; physical relation or prices; period and currency	disclosed allocation factors and sensitivity result where material	iso-14044-2006

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	Reference product and same-category inputs	Preserve product name, apple-only status, route, source, clear/cloudy state, soluble solids, preservation, package/bulk state, storage regime, and manufacturing gate.	Product specification, label, recipe, supplier certificate, and laboratory record
dq_route_separation	Aggregated foreground data	Keep directly expressed/NFC, from-concentrate, clear/cloudy, concentration, preservation, and packaging routes separate until route-specific inventories are complete; weight only by released product mass and disclose shares.	Production schedule, batch route, line, recipe, and warehouse records
dq_temporal_representativeness	All foreground records	Use a representative continuous period that captures seasonal apple supply, cleaning cycles, product formats, start-up/shutdown losses, and normal operating variability; justify exclusions.	Dated record census, coverage statement, and exception log
dq_meter_and_conversion	Measured and converted quantities	Retain calibration status, original unit, density and temperature for liquid conversion, solids or moisture basis, and the calculation used.	Calibration certificate, raw meter/scale record, laboratory result, and calculation sheet
dq_mass_balance	Each included process and the whole foreground	Reconcile product, co-product, residue, wastewater, evaporation, rework, and stock change on a consistent period and investigate material residuals.	Signed mass-balance worksheet and corrective-action record
dq_coverage	Inventory completeness	Include all material inputs, utilities, processing aids, packaging, outputs, wastes, wastewater, and direct emissions; a zero entry requires evidence that the flow is absent, not merely unmeasured.	Purchase, meter, recipe, maintenance, waste, discharge, and release record cross-check
dq_source_linkage	Purchased apples, juice, concentrate, ingredients, packaging, energy, and treatment	Link a temporally and geographically appropriate upstream or treatment dataset and disclose any proxy or data gap.	Supplier identity, dataset UUID/reference, geography, year, and proxy rationale

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	Reference product	Fail conformance if the reference flow is not apple juice, if net as-is mass is not 1 kg after normalization, or if packaging mass is included in product mass.	codex-cxs-247-2005-2025
validate_required_qualifiers	Reference flow metadata	Fail conformance when any required qualifier is absent, including route, soluble solids, clear/cloudy state, preservation, package/bulk state, storage regime, geography, gate, or shelf life.	codex-cxs-247-2005-2025; codex-cxc-50-2003
validate_route_processes	Process map and inventory	Fail conformance when a process used by the declared route is omitted, when a process is included without corresponding inputs and outputs, or when a purchased same-category input lacks an upstream dataset.	fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
validate_reconstitution	From-concentrate route	Fail conformance when concentrate mass, concentrate soluble solids, reconstitution water, output mass, output soluble solids, governing market specification, or batch solids-balance evidence is missing.	codex-cxs-247-2005-2025
validate_apple_condition_control	Whole-apple route	Fail conformance when receiving acceptance, sorting/rejection, washing, and apple-condition records are missing or when rejected fruit is hidden in a yield adjustment.	codex-cxc-50-2003
validate_preservation_release	Released apple juice	Fail conformance when the declared preservation or food-safety control lacks its applicable validation, monitoring, deviation, and product-release evidence; do not infer compliance from a process label.	us-fda-juice-haccp-21-cfr-120-24; codex-cxc-50-2003
validate_mass_balance	Each included process and complete foreground	Fail conformance when mass-balance periods differ, internal transfers are double counted, stock or rework is omitted, or a material unexplained residual remains undisclosed.	iso-14044-2006
validate_coproduct_status	Pomace and recovered streams	Fail conformance when a claimed co-product lacks quantity, destination, beneficial-use evidence, and an explicit allocation treatment, or when a waste stream is silently assigned zero burden.	iso-14044-2006
validate_uuid_selection	Tiangong-linked flow rows	Fail conformance when the Apple juice, Mass, or Units of mass UUID differs from the declared reference object without a documented, semantically more specific replacement and public-record readback.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground apple-juice production dataset normalized to 1 kg net as-is apple juice at a declared manufacturing gate
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset after review of representativeness, upstream linkage, allocation, and uncertainty disclosures
allowed_use	Product carbon footprint or LCA models matching the declared route, geography, period, product specification, package/bulk state, and gate; aggregation with route shares retained
excluded_use	Apple nectar, cider, vinegar, concentrate as the sold reference product, mixed-fruit beverages, generic global apple juice without route disclosure, or consumer use and end-of-life beyond the declared gate
required_metadata	PCR id and version context; reference flow UUID; route and starting condition; product and market qualifiers; geography; technology; reporting period; site coverage; package/bulk state; process list; upstream dataset references; allocation method; reviewer status
required_quality_disclosure	Record coverage; meter and conversion quality; mass-balance residuals; route shares; seasonal coverage; supplier and upstream data quality; proxies; co-product treatment; rejected/reworked quantities; wastewater and direct-emission coverage; uncertainty and known limitations
update_trigger	Change in starting condition, supplier or concentrate source, formulation or Brix specification, clear/cloudy route, extraction/finishing/concentration/preservation technology, package format, energy or water system, waste destination, allocation basis, regulation, or a material shift in yield or utilities

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
codex-cxs-247-2005-2025	Standard (standard)	Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005, General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars, amended 2025, https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/tr/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FStandards%252FCXS%2B247-2005%252FCXS_247e.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Product definition, directly expressed and from-concentrate scope, permitted processing framework, authenticity/quality disclosure, and apple reconstitution soluble-solids rule
codex-cxc-50-2003	Official guidance (official_guidance)	Codex Alimentarius CXC 50-2003, Code of Practice for the Prevention and Reduction of Patulin Contamination in Apple Juice and Apple Juice Ingredients in Other Beverages, https://www.fao.org/input/download/standards/405/CXP_050e.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Apple acceptance, sorting, washing, equipment cleaning, pressing, chilling, packaging, sampling, quality release, and the boundary warning that thermal treatment alone does not remove existing patulin
fao-fruit-juice-processing-2001	Handbook (handbook)	FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin 146, Principles and Practices of Small- and Medium-Scale Fruit Juice Processing, apple juice chapter, https://www.fao.org/4/y2515e/y2515e15.htm (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Apple-juice process decomposition, milling and pressing, clarification, pasteurization, concentration, filling, packaging, and pomace handling
eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019	Official guidance (official_guidance)	European Commission Joint Research Centre, Best Available Techniques Reference Document for the Food, Drink and Milk Industries, JRC118627, 2019, https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2020-01/JRC118627_FDM_Bref_2019_published.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Food-processing foreground coverage, utility and cleaning records, resource efficiency, wastewater, waste, and direct-emission monitoring context
us-fda-juice-haccp-21-cfr-120-24	Standard (standard)	United States eCFR, 21 CFR 120.24, Process controls, https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-120/subpart-B/section-120.24 (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Applicable juice pathogen-reduction control, single-facility processing/packaging boundary, and validation/monitoring evidence
iso-14044-2006	Standard (standard)	ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines, including Amendments 1:2017 and 2:2020, https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html (retrieved 2026-08-11)	LCI boundary consistency, inventory completeness, allocation documentation, data quality, interpretation, and reporting