Abalone, frozen, smoked, dried, salted or in brine

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR governs foreground data packages for food-grade abalone (Haliotis spp.) preserved by freezing, smoking, drying, salting, or immersion in brine and supplied at the processing-plant gate. It covers product sold in-shell or shucked, and edible abalone flour, meal, or pellets when preservation remains within the named routes. One dataset shall represent a declared species or species mix, wild or farmed raw-material source, shell state, preservation route, packaging system, and storage condition.

The foreground boundary begins when live, fresh, chilled, frozen, or otherwise declared same-category intermediate abalone is received by the processor. It ends with packaged saleable product in its declared storage condition at the plant gate. Aquaculture, hatchery, grow-out, wild harvest, and landing are upstream and require linked supplier datasets. Distribution, retail, consumer preparation, consumption, and packaging end-of-life are downstream unless the study explicitly extends the boundary and reports those additions separately.

The PCR does not cover live, fresh, or chilled abalone sold without one of the named preservation routes; abalone otherwise prepared or preserved by canning, sauce, cooking-only, seasoning-only, or comparable routes; inedible abalone meals or pellets; dead abalone unfit for human consumption; or mixed prepared meals. The official fish-processing sources cited below are applied as process and control benchmarks; jurisdiction-specific seafood safety requirements remain controlling.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.meat-fish-fruits-vegetables-oils-and-fats.abalone-frozen-smoked-dried-salted-or-in-brine
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 21261, Abalone, frozen, smoked, dried, salted or in brine
covered_products	Food-grade Haliotis spp., whether in shell or not, frozen, dried, salted, or in brine; smoked abalone whether or not cooked before or during smoking; edible abalone flour, meal, and pellets produced by a covered route
excluded_products	Live, fresh, or chilled abalone without covered preservation; otherwise prepared or preserved abalone; inedible flour, meal, or pellets; products unfit for human consumption; complete dishes or meals
representative_product	Packaged whole or shucked Haliotis spp. preserved by one declared freezing, smoking, drying, salting, or brining route
production_route	Raw-material receipt and preparation; one or more declared preservation operations; packaging; controlled finished-product storage
market_state	Saleable plant-gate product with declared species/source, shell state, preservation route, net-mass basis, packaging atmosphere, and required storage condition

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provision of saleable food-grade abalone in the declared frozen, smoked, dried, salted, or brined state at the processing-plant gate
How much	1 kg net saleable product, excluding packaging material; declare whether the mass includes shell or covering brine and report drained abalone mass when brine is present
How well	Conforming to the declared species/source, shell state, preservation route, moisture or water-activity specification where applicable, packaging system, and storage condition
How long or cycle	One production batch normalized to the plant-gate reference output; storage duration through the plant gate shall be declared
reference_flow_link	Abalone, frozen, smoked, dried, salted or in brine 61e83c4f-6657-4762-9a2b-9423a54b7bd5

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg net saleable abalone product at the plant gate
Reference product flow	Abalone, frozen, smoked, dried, salted or in brine 61e83c4f-6657-4762-9a2b-9423a54b7bd5
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	scientific or commercial species identification; wild or farmed source and supplier geography; in-shell, shucked, sliced, flour, meal, or pellet form; freezing, hot-smoking, cold-smoking, smoke-drying, drying, dry-salting, wet-salting, or brining route; cooked-before-or-during-smoking status; net-mass convention; shell inclusion; drained-mass and covering-liquid mass for brined product; moisture and water activity where controlled; packaging material and aerobic, vacuum, or modified-atmosphere condition; finished-product storage temperature and duration

When constructing a foreground data package, every item listed in Required qualifiers that applies to the product shall be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, the reference-flow comment, the product description, or an equivalent data-package field. Product masses using different shell or covering-liquid conventions are not directly comparable until converted to the same declared basis.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	Reference product and all mass-normalized inventory rows	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Measure net product mass excluding packaging. Record shell and covering-liquid inclusion separately and report drained abalone mass for brined product.
energy_conversion	Electricity and thermal-energy inputs	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	MJ	Preserve the metered unit and conversion factor; use 3.6 MJ per kWh only as the exact unit conversion, not as an energy-use estimate.
water_and_brine_mass	Process water, brine, and wastewater	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Prefer measured mass; when volume is measured, record density, temperature, and the conversion used. Keep salt mass, added water, retained brine, and discharged brine separate.
moisture_and_aw	Dried and smoke-dried product	Product-specific moisture or water-activity measurement	mass fraction or dimensionless aw	Record analytical method, sample location, batch, result, and applicable limit; do not convert moisture content to water activity without a validated product-specific relationship.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Abalone received at the processing facility with species/source, shell state, temperature, mass, and supplier dataset reference declared
starting_condition_role	Upstream product input to the foreground receiving and preparation process
product_classification_scope	Food-grade Haliotis spp. entering a route that produces CPC 3.0 class 21261 product
recursive_input_rule	When an input is already a frozen, smoked, dried, salted, or brined abalone product in this same category, record it as a same-category intermediate with its supplier dataset and begin the current foreground boundary at receipt; do not recreate or double count its prior preservation burdens.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link wild-harvest or aquaculture production, landing, prior preservation, ingredients, packaging materials, energy supply, water supply, and waste treatment to geographically and technologically appropriate upstream datasets.
disclosure	Declare raw-material source, input state, included processes, preservation route, cooking status, packaging atmosphere, storage conditions, temporal coverage, excluded operations, and any same-category intermediate.

Normative Boundary Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_gate_to_gate	foreground_system_boundary	Include receipt, inspection, washing and preparation, the declared preservation operation, packaging, and controlled finished-product storage through the plant gate.	codex-cac-rcp-52-2003; iso-14044-2006
boundary_route_specificity	preservation_route	Instantiate and disclose the actual freezing, smoking, drying, salting, or brining operations; do not model mutually exclusive routes as if all occurred.	codex-cac-rcp-52-2003; codex-cxs-311-2013
boundary_cold_chain	chilled_and_frozen_storage	Include refrigeration or freezing energy and refrigerant losses under operational control from receipt through the plant gate; frozen storage shall record time and temperature.	codex-cac-rcp-52-2003; fda-seafood-hazards-controls-2022
boundary_sanitation	sanitation_and_wastewater	Include process and sanitation water, approved cleaning agents when material, wastewater or brine discharge, and on-site treatment; use potable or otherwise legally suitable water for product-contact operations.	codex-cac-rcp-52-2003
boundary_capital_goods	infrastructure	Exclude buildings and capital equipment from the default gate-to-gate dataset unless the governing study, PCR programme, or materiality review explicitly requires them; disclose any inclusion.	iso-14044-2006

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
receipt_and_preparation	Raw-material receipt and preparation	required	Always required	Foreground receipt, inspection, washing, de-shelling or trimming as declared	kg prepared abalone leaving preparation
preservation_route	Route-specific preservation	required	Instantiate only the actual freezing, smoking, drying, salting, or brining operations; multiple operations may be linked in their real sequence	Foreground preservation	kg preserved abalone intermediate
packaging_and_storage	Final packaging and plant-gate storage	required	Always required; storage condition follows the declared product specification	Foreground packaging and controlled storage	1 kg net saleable reference product

Process: Raw-material receipt and preparation (receipt_and_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Wild raw abalone received (wild_raw_abalone)

Record wild Haliotis spp. received from a landing or supplier dataset when the raw-material source is wild. Do not use this row for farmed abalone.

• Selected flow: Wild abalone, live, fresh or chilled 477d146c-cb2f-457d-a1a6-5d065dcbdca5
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured accepted wild raw-material mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_receiving_batch
• Range: Provisional raw-to-product screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: kg/kg reference product
  • Basis: accepted raw abalone mass per 1 kg net saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Farmed raw abalone received (farmed_raw_abalone)

Record farmed Haliotis spp. received from an aquaculture supplier dataset. Select a verified supplier-specific Tiangong flow; do not substitute an aquaculture-seedling flow.

• Selected flow: Farmed abalone, live, fresh or chilled
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured accepted farmed raw-material mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_receiving_batch
• Range: Provisional raw-to-product screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: kg/kg reference product
  • Basis: accepted raw abalone mass per 1 kg net saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Product-contact water (preparation_water)

Record water used for washing, thawing when applicable, de-shelling support, and product-contact preparation.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: metered or batch-estimated product-contact water use
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_preparation_utilities
• Sources: codex-cac-rcp-52-2003
• Range: Provisional preparation-water screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.1
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg/kg reference product
  • Basis: water supplied to receipt and preparation per 1 kg net saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Preparation electricity (preparation_electricity)

Record electricity for pumps, conveyors, washing, de-shelling, cutting, ice handling, and other preparation equipment.

• Selected flow: Alternating current, electricity mix, consumption mix, less than 1 kV 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: metered electricity allocated to receipt and preparation
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_preparation_utilities
• Range: Provisional preparation-electricity screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.01
  • Upper: 20
  • Unit: MJ/kg reference product
  • Basis: electricity allocated to receipt and preparation per 1 kg net saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared abalone intermediate (prepared_abalone)

Record the mass and state of abalone transferred to preservation, retaining traceability to the received batch.

• Selected flow: Prepared abalone intermediate, facility-specific
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured prepared-abalone mass transferred to preservation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_preparation_yield
• Range: Provisional preparation-yield screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.05
  • Upper: 1.2
  • Unit: kg/kg accepted raw abalone
  • Basis: prepared abalone mass per kg accepted raw abalone
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Shells and preparation residues (shells_and_residues)

Record shells, viscera, damaged product, and other preparation residues separately when their treatment or co-product status differs.

• Selected flow: Abalone shells 8caae24b-92f0-4ece-b1de-730bfbe4d9da
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured residue mass by treatment destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted raw abalone and reported per reference product
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_preparation_yield
• Range: Provisional residue screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.95
  • Unit: kg/kg accepted raw abalone
  • Basis: shells and residues per kg accepted raw abalone
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Preparation wastewater (preparation_wastewater)

Record product-contact and cleaning water leaving preparation, including destination and on-site treatment.

• Selected flow: Untreated municipal wastewater influent 41eb8873-6852-40fe-8b5d-b792fe4d4754
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured or mass-balance-calculated wastewater sent to treatment
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_preparation_utilities
• Range: Provisional preparation-wastewater screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg/kg reference product
  • Basis: wastewater leaving preparation per 1 kg net saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Route-specific preservation (preservation_route)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared or same-category abalone input (preservation_abalone_input)

Record prepared abalone from the preceding process or a disclosed same-category intermediate from a supplier. Preserve route sequence and do not double count prior preservation.

• Selected flow: Prepared or same-category abalone intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass entering each preservation operation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_preservation_batch
• Range: Provisional preservation-input screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.1
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: kg/kg reference product
  • Basis: abalone entering preservation per 1 kg net saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Food-grade salt (preservation_salt)

Record salt only for dry-salting, wet-salting, brining, osmotic pretreatment, or a declared smoking/drying formulation.

• Selected flow: Salt, food-grade, for brine preparation 3a5fa711-4648-4d58-b94d-67b79e7476c7
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: weighed salt charged to the batch, net of documented recovered and reused salt
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_preservation_materials
• Sources: codex-cac-rcp-52-2003; codex-cxs-311-2013; lemus-mondaca-2018-abalone-drying
• Range: Provisional salt-input screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 5
  • Unit: kg/kg reference product
  • Basis: food-grade salt charged per 1 kg net saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Preservation water (preservation_water)

Record water used for brine preparation, wet salting, thawing, cooking associated with smoking, or route-specific washing.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: metered water charged to the preservation batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_preservation_materials
• Sources: codex-cac-rcp-52-2003
• Range: Provisional preservation-water screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg/kg reference product
  • Basis: preservation water per 1 kg net saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Preservation electricity (preservation_electricity)

Record electricity for freezing, refrigeration, fans, pumps, dryers, smoke generators, controls, and route-specific handling.

• Selected flow: Alternating current, electricity mix, consumption mix, less than 1 kV 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: metered electricity allocated to the declared preservation operation
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_preservation_energy
• Range: Provisional preservation-electricity screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 200
  • Unit: MJ/kg reference product
  • Basis: preservation electricity per 1 kg net saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Thermal fuel or smoke medium (thermal_fuel_or_smoke_medium)

Record the actual fuel, steam, smoke wood, smoke condensate, or other thermal/smoking medium only when used. Select a verified facility-specific Tiangong flow and retain its composition or fuel-quality record.

• Selected flow: Declared thermal fuel or smoke medium, facility-specific
• Flow property / unit: Mass or net calorific value / kg or MJ as applicable
• Amount rule: measured purchase, batch charge, or metered thermal energy
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_preservation_energy
• Sources: codex-cac-rcp-52-2003; codex-cxs-311-2013
• Range: Provisional thermal-input screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 200
  • Unit: MJ/kg reference product
  • Basis: delivered thermal energy or fuel energy per 1 kg net saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Preserved abalone intermediate (preserved_abalone_intermediate)

Record the product after the actual preservation route, including mass, shell state, salt or covering-liquid state, moisture, water activity where controlled, and temperature.

• Selected flow: Abalone, frozen, smoked, dried, salted or in brine 61e83c4f-6657-4762-9a2b-9423a54b7bd5
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured preserved-product mass transferred to packaging
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per preservation batch and reported per reference product
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_preservation_batch
• Sources: codex-cac-rcp-52-2003; codex-cxs-311-2013; lemus-mondaca-2018-abalone-drying
• Range: Provisional preservation-yield screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.05
  • Upper: 1.2
  • Unit: kg/kg abalone entering preservation
  • Basis: preserved product per kg abalone entering preservation
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Spent brine and preservation wastewater (spent_brine_and_wastewater)

Record spent brine, thawing water, condensate, and cleaning wastewater by destination; distinguish reuse from discharge.

• Selected flow: High-concentration saline wastewater 76ab69b6-6fa7-461c-be07-bc54e581a699
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured discharge or mass-balance calculation from water, salt, retained brine, and reuse records
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_preservation_waste
• Range: Provisional spent-brine and wastewater screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg/kg reference product
  • Basis: spent brine and preservation wastewater per 1 kg net saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Water removed to air (water_to_air)

For drying, smoke-drying, and other moisture-removal routes, calculate water removed from measured input and output masses and moisture results. Do not apply this row to routes without material moisture removal.

• Selected flow: Water, emitted to air, facility-specific elementary flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calculated water loss from route-specific mass and moisture balance
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_preservation_quality
• Sources: lemus-mondaca-2018-abalone-drying
• Range: Provisional removed-water screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 20
  • Unit: kg/kg reference product
  • Basis: water removed during preservation per 1 kg net saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Direct preservation emissions to air (preservation_air_emissions)

Record route-specific direct combustion, refrigerant, and smoking emissions when they cross the foreground environmental boundary. Calculate only from measured fuel/refrigerant activity and a cited factor or direct measurement.

• Selected flow: Substance-specific elementary flow to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured release or calculated emission by substance
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_preservation_energy
• Sources: codex-cxs-311-2013
• Range: Provisional substance-specific preservation-emission screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: kg/kg reference product
  • Basis: each declared direct emission substance per 1 kg net saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Final packaging and plant-gate storage (packaging_and_storage)

Inputs

Product flows

Preserved abalone for pack-out (packout_abalone)

Record preserved abalone transferred from the declared route to final packaging, preserving batch and route identity.

• Selected flow: Abalone, frozen, smoked, dried, salted or in brine 61e83c4f-6657-4762-9a2b-9423a54b7bd5
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured product mass entering final pack-out
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_product_mass
• Range: Provisional pack-out input screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1.2
  • Unit: kg/kg reference product
  • Basis: preserved product entering pack-out per 1 kg net saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Primary plastic packaging (primary_packaging)

Record the actual food-contact packaging resin, laminate, tray, pouch, or film by material; the selected generic film is used only when it matches the purchased packaging.

• Selected flow: Plastic film b01e4bd9-5ada-4676-8a90-be5f167c00fc
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: purchased packaging issued to conforming packs minus documented returned unused material
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_materials
• Range: Provisional primary-packaging screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.001
  • Upper: 0.2
  • Unit: kg/kg reference product
  • Basis: primary packaging per 1 kg net saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Secondary corrugated packaging (secondary_packaging)

Record corrugated board or an alternative secondary material using the actual purchased specification and verified flow.

• Selected flow: Corrugated cardboard 8bde297e-98df-463f-bcb4-0db52bf6e0b5
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: purchased secondary packaging allocated to conforming product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_materials
• Range: Provisional secondary-packaging screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.5
  • Unit: kg/kg reference product
  • Basis: secondary packaging per 1 kg net saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Packaging and storage electricity (packaging_storage_electricity)

Record sealing, vacuum or modified-atmosphere equipment, conveyors, final freezing or cooling, and finished-product cold-store electricity through the plant gate.

• Selected flow: Alternating current, electricity mix, consumption mix, less than 1 kV 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: metered electricity allocated by documented equipment, batch, storage-volume, and storage-time drivers
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_storage_energy
• Sources: codex-cac-rcp-52-2003; fda-seafood-hazards-controls-2022
• Range: Provisional packaging-and-storage electricity screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.01
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: MJ/kg reference product
  • Basis: packaging and plant-gate storage electricity per 1 kg net saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Packaged saleable abalone reference product (reference_product_output)

This is the quantitative reference output. Record net product, packaging, shell, covering-liquid, and drained-mass fields separately so that the 1 kg normalization can be reproduced.

• Selected flow: Abalone, frozen, smoked, dried, salted or in brine 61e83c4f-6657-4762-9a2b-9423a54b7bd5
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: exactly 1 kg after normalization from measured conforming product mass
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_product_mass
• Range: Reference-flow identity check
  • Range role: Allowed range (allowed_range)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: normalized reference output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: iso-14044-2006

Waste flows

Packaging rejects and scrap (packaging_scrap)

Record rejected packs, trim, film, board, and damaged packaging by material and treatment destination.

• Selected flow: Packaging waste, material-specific
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured packaging waste by material and destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_materials
• Range: Provisional packaging-waste screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.2
  • Unit: kg/kg reference product
  • Basis: packaging rejects and scrap per 1 kg net saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Refrigerant emissions to air (refrigerant_emissions)

Record refrigerant losses under processor control from freezing and cold-storage equipment by substance.

• Selected flow: Refrigerant-specific elementary flow to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: annual top-up or leak-test loss allocated to product by documented refrigeration load and storage driver
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_storage_energy
• Range: Provisional refrigerant-loss screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg reference product
  • Basis: each declared refrigerant emitted per 1 kg net saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid_by_subdivision	route_and_batch_operations	Avoid allocation by separately metering or subdividing wild and farmed sources, preservation routes, product forms, and materially different packaging or storage conditions.	iso-14044-2006; eu-pef-method-2021
allocation_shared_utilities	shared_water_energy_and_storage	Allocate shared utilities using a documented physical driver that reflects causality, such as metered equipment use, operating time, refrigeration load times storage duration, or product mass when no better driver exists.	iso-14044-2006; eu-pef-method-2021
allocation_shells_and_residues	shells_offal_and_other_outputs	First document whether each output is a waste or a co-product. For a co-product, prefer subdivision; if subdivision is not possible, use a relevant physical relationship and disclose it. Use economic allocation only when a physical relationship cannot be established, and report a sensitivity result.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_reuse_and_recycling	reused_brine_packaging_and_residues	Credit no avoided burden inside the gate-to-gate dataset unless an explicit system-expansion or recycling method is required by the governing study. Record recovered material and the receiving treatment or product system separately.	iso-14044-2006; eu-pef-method-2021
allocation_mass_balance	foreground_mass_reconciliation	Reconcile raw abalone, water, salt, packaging, product, residues, wastewater, covering liquid, and moisture removal on consistent wet- or dry-mass bases; report unexplained imbalance rather than forcing it into a co-product.	codex-cac-rcp-52-2003; lemus-mondaca-2018-abalone-drying

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_receiving_batch	receipt_and_preparation	wild and farmed raw abalone	receiving lot record	lot_id; species; wild_or_farmed; supplier; harvest_or_farm_geography; shell_state; receipt_time; receipt_temperature; gross_mass; rejected_mass; accepted_mass; supplier_dataset_ref	calibrated scale, receiving inspection, and supplier traceability record	kg; degrees C	every lot	all lots in reporting period	every included facility	sum accepted mass by source and product route; retain rejected mass separately	scale calibration; lot tickets; supplier certificate; species and source verification
cp_preparation_utilities	receipt_and_preparation	preparation water, electricity, and wastewater	meter and production log	meter_start; meter_end; submeter_id; batch_id; water_source; wastewater_destination; operating_time; allocation_driver	direct submeter preferred; otherwise reconciled main meter with documented physical allocation	kg water; kWh or MJ electricity; kg wastewater	each batch or shift	complete reporting period	each included preparation line	subtract documented non-process use; allocate only residual shared use with declared driver	meter calibration; invoices; shift logs; water suitability record
cp_preparation_yield	receipt_and_preparation	prepared product, shells, and residues	batch mass balance	accepted_raw_mass; prepared_mass; shell_mass; viscera_mass; other_residue_mass; retained_product_mass; destinations	calibrated scales at transfer and waste collection points	kg	every batch	complete reporting period	each included line	sum each mass by batch and route; report unresolved imbalance	scale calibration; batch sheet; waste transfer record
cp_preservation_batch	preservation_route	preservation input and output	route batch record	batch_id; route_sequence; input_mass; output_mass; species; shell_state; cook_status; time; temperature; pressure_if_any; storage_transition	calibrated scales plus validated route control log	kg; minutes or hours; degrees C	every batch	complete reporting period	every route and equipment train	aggregate only batches with equivalent route and product qualifiers	calibration; HACCP or process-control record; batch release result
cp_preservation_materials	preservation_route	salt, water, brine, and route ingredients	batch formulation record	batch_id; salt_mass; water_mass; reused_brine_mass; discharged_brine_mass; ingredient_identity; food_grade_status; concentration_measurement	weigh tickets, flow meter, and formulation log	kg; mass fraction	every batch	complete reporting period	each route and facility	report virgin, reused, retained, and discharged quantities separately	scale or meter calibration; ingredient specification; formulation approval
cp_preservation_energy	preservation_route	electricity, thermal fuel, smoke medium, and direct emissions	meter, fuel, and maintenance record	batch_id; electricity_kWh; fuel_quantity; fuel_LHV; steam_quantity; equipment_time; smoke_medium; refrigerant_top_up; emission_factor_id; direct_measurement	submeter and purchase records; direct emissions measurement or cited factor when calculated	kWh; MJ; kg	batch, shift, or monthly with batch allocation	complete reporting period	each preservation equipment train	convert energy units explicitly; allocate shared energy by causal driver; calculate each emission by substance	meter calibration; invoices; fuel certificate; factor citation; leak and stack records
cp_preservation_quality	preservation_route	moisture, water activity, salt, temperature, and product state	laboratory and process-control record	batch_id; sample_id; sampling_location; moisture_result; moisture_method; aw_result; aw_method; salt_result; core_temperature; storage_requirement; specification_limit	validated laboratory or calibrated in-line method	mass fraction; aw; degrees C	each batch or validated sampling plan	complete reporting period	every declared product specification	retain batch result and report production-weighted summary without replacing specification limits	method identifier; calibration; laboratory result; release decision
cp_preservation_waste	preservation_route	spent brine, wastewater, condensate, and route residues	discharge and waste record	batch_id; stream_identity; mass_or_volume; density; salt_concentration; destination; treatment; reuse_quantity	flow meter, tank level, weigh ticket, or documented mass balance	kg; m3; mass fraction	each discharge or batch	complete reporting period	each discharge point	convert volume with recorded density; separate reuse, on-site treatment, and off-site treatment	meter calibration; manifest; treatment receipt; mass-balance review
cp_packaging_materials	packaging_and_storage	primary and secondary packaging and scrap	packaging issue and waste record	material_id; supplier; mass_per_item; items_issued; conforming_packs; unused_returns; reject_mass; destination	bill of materials verified by weigh check and inventory reconciliation	kg; item	each packaging run	complete reporting period	every included pack format	calculate used mass from verified item mass and reconcile issues, returns, and scrap	supplier specification; scale check; inventory and waste records
cp_packaging_storage_energy	packaging_and_storage	packaging electricity, cold storage, and refrigerant	meter and refrigeration log	equipment_id; electricity_kWh; storage_temperature; entry_time; exit_time; storage_mass; refrigerant_type; top_up_mass; leak_event	equipment submeter or main-meter allocation; temperature logger; maintenance record	kWh; degrees C; kg*h; kg refrigerant	continuous or shift meter; each storage lot	complete reporting period including plant-gate storage	each packaging line and cold room	allocate cold-room electricity by refrigeration-load proxy and mass-time; report refrigerant by substance	meter calibration; continuous temperature record; maintenance invoice; allocation workbook
cp_final_product_mass	packaging_and_storage	reference product and net-mass convention	pack-out and batch release record	batch_id; gross_pack_mass; packaging_mass; covering_liquid_mass; drained_abalone_mass; shell_included; conforming_product_mass; route; expiry_or_storage_instruction	calibrated scale and declared net/drained-mass procedure	kg	every lot or statistically controlled pack check	complete reporting period	every included product and pack format	normalize inventory to measured conforming mass using the declared net-mass convention	scale calibration; legal-metrology check; label; batch release certificate

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	all inventory rows	normalized amount = reporting-period amount / reporting-period conforming reference-product mass	flow amount; conforming reference-product mass	amount per 1 kg reference product	iso-14044-2006
calc_net_product_mass	brined and packaged product	net reference mass = gross filled-pack mass - packaging mass; report covering-liquid mass and drained abalone mass separately and declare which is the saleable-product basis	gross pack mass; packaging mass; covering-liquid mass; drained mass	net product mass and drained-mass qualifier	codex-cxs-311-2013
calc_energy_conversion	electricity	MJ = kWh x 3.6; retain the original kWh record and do not treat the conversion as an energy estimate	metered kWh	MJ	iso-14044-2006
calc_route_yield	preparation and preservation	yield = measured conforming output mass / measured input abalone mass, using consistent shell, covering-liquid, and moisture bases	input mass; output mass; shell state; moisture basis	route-specific mass yield	lemus-mondaca-2018-abalone-drying
calc_brine_composition	salting and brining	initial brine salt fraction = salt mass / (salt mass + water mass); report reused brine and final measured concentration separately	salt mass; water mass; reused-brine record; measured concentration	prepared brine fraction and final concentration	codex-cac-rcp-52-2003; codex-cxs-311-2013
calc_removed_water	drying and smoke-drying	removed water = input water mass + added water - output product water mass - liquid waste water mass, with every term based on measured mass and moisture	input/output masses; moisture results; added water; liquid wastes	water removed to air and balance residual	lemus-mondaca-2018-abalone-drying
calc_shared_utilities	shared meters	allocate shared amount using the documented causal driver; sum allocated amounts back to the measured total and report unallocated residual	meter total; excluded use; equipment time; refrigeration load; mass-time	allocated utility amount and residual	iso-14044-2006; eu-pef-method-2021
calc_mass_balance	each process and reporting period	mass-balance residual = total measured mass inputs - total measured mass outputs; investigate and disclose moisture change, evaporation, sampling, stock change, and measurement uncertainty	all mass inputs; all mass outputs; inventory change	residual mass and explanation	iso-14044-2006; codex-cac-rcp-52-2003

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	product and raw material	Identify Haliotis species or justified mix, wild or farmed source, supplier geography, shell state, preservation route, cooking status, pack format, and storage condition.	lot traceability; supplier declaration; product specification; label
dq_temporal	foreground activity data	Cover a complete representative reporting period including seasonal and storage-load variation; if shorter, disclose the period, campaign context, and representativeness limitation.	dated batch, meter, purchase, and production records; eu-pef-method-2021
dq_technological	preservation and packaging	Match collected data to the actual equipment train, preservation sequence, packaging atmosphere, and cold-store operation represented.	equipment list; process flow; batch controls; eu-pef-method-2021
dq_geographical	utilities and upstream links	Use site-specific utilities and geographically appropriate upstream datasets or explain proxy selection.	site address; utility supplier; dataset metadata; eu-pef-method-2021
dq_completeness	inventory	Include every required process and all measured raw material, water, salt, energy, packaging, product, waste, wastewater, and direct-emission streams; document zero, not-applicable, and unavailable records separately.	reconciled ledger; meter coverage map; mass and energy checks
dq_measurement	mass, energy, temperature, moisture, and aw	Use calibrated instruments or verified invoices and retain method, calibration, sampling, and conversion evidence.	calibration certificate; laboratory method; invoice; logger record
dq_route_separation	multi-product facilities	Separate routes and materially different product forms by direct records or a documented causal allocation driver.	submeter; batch schedule; allocation workbook; iso-14044-2006
dq_estimate_status	provisional ranges	Treat every reasoned_estimate range as a QA screen only; replace it with collected values and source-backed factors before a dataset is released for normal use.	dataset review record; completed collection protocols

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_identity_and_scope	product_identity	Confirm Haliotis identity, one declared raw-material source, covered preservation route, shell/form state, packaging, and storage condition; reject otherwise prepared products and undeclared route mixtures.	environdec-fish-and-fish-products-pcr-v1; codex-cac-rcp-52-2003
validate_reference_flow	reference_flow	Confirm product flow 61e83c4f-6657-4762-9a2b-9423a54b7bd5, Mass property 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, Units of mass group 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66, kg unit, and a reproducible net-mass convention.	iso-14044-2006
validate_process_completeness	process_inventory	Confirm receipt and preparation, the actual preservation operation, packaging, and plant-gate storage are present, while non-occurring preservation routes are absent or explicitly not applicable.	codex-cac-rcp-52-2003
validate_mass_balance	mass_inventory	Reconcile measured input, product, residue, wastewater, covering-liquid, moisture-removal, and inventory-change masses for each process and disclose unresolved residuals.	iso-14044-2006; codex-cac-rcp-52-2003
validate_frozen_route	frozen_product	For frozen product, retain freezing and storage time-temperature records; use at or colder than -18 degrees C as the Codex benchmark unless a governing product or jurisdictional specification requires a different validated limit.	codex-cac-rcp-52-2003
validate_smoked_dried_route	smoked_dried_product	Record smoking, drying, salt, packaging, storage, moisture, and water-activity controls. If shelf stability is claimed using the CXS 311 smoke-dried benchmark, demonstrate aw at or below 0.75 or moisture at or below 10 percent; otherwise retain the validated product-specific limit and storage requirement.	codex-cxs-311-2013; fda-seafood-hazards-controls-2022
validate_brine_and_salt	salted_or_brined_product	Reconcile food-grade salt, water, reused brine, retained covering liquid, and spent brine; record measured formulation or final concentration rather than assuming salt uptake.	codex-cac-rcp-52-2003; codex-cxs-311-2013
validate_packaging_and_label	packaged_product	Confirm packaging material and atmosphere, net or drained-mass convention, lot identity, and storage/handling instructions match the represented product.	codex-cxs-311-2013; fda-seafood-hazards-controls-2022
validate_data_quality	dataset_release	Confirm temporal, technological, geographical, completeness, and precision evidence and disclose proxy datasets, allocation, exclusions, and uncertainty.	eu-pef-method-2021; iso-14044-2006
validate_no_estimate_as_observation	quantitative_inventory	Fail release when a provisional reasoned_estimate has been copied into the foreground inventory as if observed; only collected or transparently calculated values may populate the released foreground amounts.	eu-pef-method-2021

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	secondary_dataset; may be used as background_dataset only after methodology review, aggregation, and uncertainty disclosure
downstream_use	Foreground process datasets and downstream lifecyclemodel projections for processed abalone supply at the plant gate
allowed_use	Gate-to-gate product modelling with explicit upstream wild-harvest or aquaculture links; route-specific supply-chain studies; inventory development and reviewed aggregation
excluded_use	Direct comparison across shell, drained-mass, route, or storage conventions without conversion; attribution of aquaculture or harvest burdens to this gate-to-gate dataset; legal food-safety certification; use of provisional ranges as measured data
required_metadata	PCR id and version state; species/source; supplier geography; shell and product form; route sequence; cooking status; net/drained/covering-liquid mass basis; moisture and aw where applicable; packaging and atmosphere; storage temperature and duration; reporting period; site geography; allocation; upstream dataset references
required_quality_disclosure	Meter and batch coverage; calibration and laboratory methods; data gaps and proxies; reasoned estimates remaining as QA screens; mass-balance residuals; shared-utility allocation; co-product decisions; uncertainty and representativeness limitations
update_trigger	Change in raw-material source, species mix, preservation equipment or sequence, formulation, shelf-stability specification, packaging atmosphere or material, refrigeration system, storage duration, allocation method, or evidence that materially changes a rule or QA range

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
codex-cac-rcp-52-2003	standard	Codex Alimentarius, CAC/RCP 52-2003, Code of Practice for Fish and Fishery Products, second edition, https://www.fao.org/4/i2382e/i2382e.pdf, retrieved 2026-08-07	Process decomposition; raw-material receipt; potable water; freezing and frozen storage; salting, drying, smoking, packaging, storage, and hygiene controls
codex-cxs-311-2013	standard	Codex Alimentarius, CXS 311-2013, Standard for Smoked Fish, Smoke-Flavoured Fish and Smoke-Dried Fish, https://www.fao.org/input/download/standards/13292/CXS_311e.pdf, retrieved 2026-08-07	Conditional smoking and smoke-drying route definitions; salt, moisture, water activity, packaging, storage, net-weight, and labelling benchmarks
fda-seafood-hazards-controls-2022	official_guidance	U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance, June 2022 edition, https://www.fda.gov/media/80637/download, retrieved 2026-08-07	Batch records and controls for freezing, refrigeration, drying, salt, reduced-oxygen packaging, labels, and seafood process hazards
environdec-fish-and-fish-products-pcr-v1	standard	EPD International, Fish and fish products PCR 1.0, https://environdec.com/pcr-library/pcr_7313bb4a-e17b-48f9-85ad-72347b9de578, retrieved 2026-08-07	External PCR category context for frozen, dried, salted, brined, and smoked aquatic products
iso-14044-2006	standard	ISO 14044:2006 with Amendments 1:2017 and 2:2020, Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines, https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html, retrieved 2026-08-07	Functional-unit consistency; inventory calculation; allocation hierarchy; reporting, interpretation, and review
eu-pef-method-2021	official_guidance	European Commission Recommendation C(2021) 9332, Annex I, Product Environmental Footprint Method, https://environment.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2021-12/Annexes%201%20to%202.pdf, retrieved 2026-08-07	Data-quality dimensions; representativeness, completeness, precision, multifunctionality, and transparent dataset documentation
lemus-mondaca-2018-abalone-drying	literature	Lemus-Mondaca et al., Convective Drying of Osmo-Treated Abalone (Haliotis rufescens) Slices: Diffusion, Modeling, and Quality Features, Journal of Food Quality, 2018, DOI: 10.1155/2018/6317943	Abalone-specific evidence that drying records need pretreatment salt, time, temperature, moisture-transfer, and product-quality variables; not used as a universal operating range