Beans, otherwise prepared or preserved, not frozen

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers factory production of edible beans and pulses that are cooked, seasoned, canned, jarred, retort-pouched, aseptically packed, acidified, or otherwise prepared or preserved and supplied in a non-frozen state. It applies from receipt of raw or preprocessed beans and other purchased inputs at the manufacturing site through preparation, formulation, preservation, post-process handling, packaging, and release of the finished product at the manufacturing gate.

Fresh beans, unprepared dried beans, frozen prepared beans, bean flours or isolated bean ingredients, and composite meals in which beans do not define the product are outside this PCR. Cultivation, manufacture of purchased ingredients and packaging, inbound transport, distribution, retail, consumer preparation, and end-of-life are outside the foreground boundary but must be linked through upstream or downstream datasets when included in the study goal and scope. The representative route is shelf-stable beans thermally processed in a hermetically sealed container; alternative routes must declare their preservation mechanism and applicable safety controls.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.meat-fish-fruits-vegetables-oils-and-fats.beans-otherwise-prepared-or-preserved-not-frozen
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 21395, Beans, otherwise prepared or preserved, not frozen
covered_products	Non-frozen edible beans or pulses that are cooked, formulated, canned, jarred, pouched, aseptically packed, acidified, or otherwise prepared or preserved
excluded_products	Fresh beans; unprepared dried beans; frozen prepared beans; bean flours and isolated ingredients; composite meals not defined by beans
representative_product	Shelf-stable prepared beans with packing medium in a hermetically sealed container
production_route	Receipt and preparation; optional hydration, blanching, cooking, or formulation; filling and sealing; route-specific preservation; cooling and post-process packaging
market_state	Finished non-frozen product at the manufacturing gate; ambient shelf-stable or refrigerated state must be declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Prepared or preserved edible beans supplied in the declared formulation, preservation route, and package format
How much	1 kg net finished product, including edible bean solids and any packing medium but excluding packaging mass
How well	Saleable non-frozen product meeting the declared bean identity, formulation, solid or drained fraction, preservation controls, and applicable safety and quality specifications
How long or cycle	One released production lot at the manufacturing gate; shelf life or refrigerated holding requirement is a declared qualifier, not a normalization multiplier
reference_flow_link	The functional unit is realized by the single Tiangong product flow and 1 kg reference amount defined below

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg net finished product
Reference product flow	Beans, otherwise prepared or preserved, not frozen e1ec238e-9181-4fd3-912e-a88b4a45ad56
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Mass units 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	bean species or commercial type; incoming bean state; recipe and packing medium; preservation route; net content basis; drained-solid or solid fraction when relevant; primary container type; ambient shelf-stable or refrigerated market state; production geography; production period

When constructing a foreground data package, every required qualifier must be declared in dataset metadata, the process description, reference-flow comment, or an equivalent field. A missing qualifier makes the reference-flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	Reference product output	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Normalize all foreground inventory to 1 kg net finished beans and packing medium at the manufacturing gate; exclude all packaging mass from the reference amount while retaining packaging as inventory inputs.
net_and_drained_mass	Products sold in liquid packing medium	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Record net finished-product mass and, when a drained-weight claim or specification applies, record drained bean mass or solid fraction separately without substituting it for the reference amount.
as_received_composition	Beans, ingredients, rejects, and product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report material masses on the as-received basis; any dry-matter or moisture conversion must retain the measured moisture value and calculation.
energy_carrier_units	Electricity and thermal energy	Energy property selected for the dataset	kWh for electricity; MJ for fuels, steam, or heat	Preserve metered carrier units and document conversion factors before normalization to 1 kg reference product.

5. System Boundary

Apply the following foreground-boundary rules:

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
sb_foreground_operations	Directly controlled manufacturing	Include receiving and preparation, on-site hydration or cooking, formulation, filling, sealing, preservation, cooling, cleaning attributable to production, post-process handling, packaging, on-site utility use, rejects, wastewater, and directly controlled waste treatment when present.	codex-cxs-297-2009; codex-cxc-23-1979; eu-2019-2031-fdm-bat
sb_upstream_links	Purchased inputs	Represent purchased beans, ingredients, water supply, energy carriers, packaging, and any in-scope inbound transport as product inputs linked to appropriate upstream datasets; do not recreate their upstream production inside this foreground package.	iso-14044-2006
sb_same_category_input	Incoming prepared or preserved beans	If an input already belongs to this product category, record it once as a purchased product input with declared preparation state and supplier dataset; do not recursively apply this PCR to that input within the same foreground system.	iso-14044-2006
sb_preservation_route	Thermal, aseptic, acidified, or other preservation	Declare the preservation route and collect its critical control records. For low-acid or acidified low-acid food in hermetically sealed containers, use a scheduled process established by a competent authority or qualified process specialist and retain the applicable critical factors.	codex-cxc-23-1979; us-ecfr-21-cfr-113
sb_post_gate_exclusion	Downstream stages	Exclude distribution, retail, consumer storage or preparation, and packaging or product end-of-life from the foreground result unless the declared study scope explicitly adds them as separate downstream processes.	iso-14044-2006

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Raw, dried, fresh, pre-cooked, or otherwise preprocessed beans and all other purchased inputs are received at the manufacturing-site gate with their state, mass, supplier, origin, and upstream dataset references declared.
starting_condition_role	Manufacturing-gate starting condition for production of the first foreground data package.
product_classification_scope	Prepared or preserved edible beans supplied non-frozen; preservation route and market state remain mandatory qualifiers.
recursive_input_rule	Record incoming prepared or preserved beans once as an upstream product input with its supplier dataset and do not recurse into another instance of this PCR in the same foreground package.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link purchased beans, ingredients, packaging, energy, water supply, and in-scope transport to geographically and temporally appropriate upstream datasets; disclose proxies and data gaps.
disclosure	Disclose incoming bean state, recipe, preservation route, net and drained-mass basis, package format, co-products, allocation, temporal coverage, site coverage, and omitted stages.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
receiving_and_preparation	Bean receiving and preparation	required	Always include receipt, inspection, sorting, and preparation activities performed at the site.	Foreground material preparation	kg prepared bean intermediate
cooking_and_formulation	Hydration, cooking, and formulation	conditional	Include each hydration, blanching, cooking, sauce preparation, seasoning, or mixing operation performed at the site; document why omitted when fully preprocessed beans are received.	Foreground product conversion	kg cooked or formulated bean intermediate
filling_and_preservation	Filling, sealing, and preservation	required	Include the actual filling and preservation route, including thermal, aseptic, acidified, chilled, or other controls that establish the declared market state.	Foreground preservation and primary packing	kg stabilized filled product
post_process_packaging	Post-process handling, packaging, and release	required	Include cooling or drying after preservation when present, inspection, labelling, secondary or tertiary packaging, finished-goods holding, and release at the manufacturing gate.	Foreground finished-product release	1 kg net reference product

Process: Bean receiving and preparation (receiving_and_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Raw or preprocessed beans received (raw_beans_input)

Record the measured mass and state of the beans entering the foreground site, including supplier, lot, moisture or preparation state, and linked upstream dataset.

• Selected flow: Beans, raw or preprocessed
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured accepted bean mass entering the production lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_receiving_records
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional bean-input QA prior
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.4
  • Upper: 1.4
  • Unit: kg/kg net finished product
  • Basis: broad prior spanning hydrated dry-bean and fresh-bean routes
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Preparation and washing water (preparation_water)

Record water crossing the foreground boundary for washing, sorting, soaking, or preparation and distinguish recirculated water from make-up water.

• Selected flow: Water supply
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered or mass-balanced make-up water attributable to the production lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_receiving_records
• Sources: eu-2019-2031-fdm-bat
• Range: Provisional preparation-water QA prior
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.1
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: kg/kg net finished product
  • Basis: broad first-pass estimate for once-through and recirculating preparation systems
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared bean intermediate (prepared_bean_intermediate)

Track the internal bean intermediate transferred to cooking, formulation, or filling so that inter-process mass balance remains explicit.

• Selected flow: Prepared bean intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Accepted bean input plus retained water and ingredients minus measured rejects and wastewater transfer
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per production lot and per 1 kg net finished reference product
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_receiving_records
• Sources:

Waste flows

Sorting and preparation rejects (preparation_rejects)

Record removed damaged beans, stones, foreign material, skins, trimmings, and other solid rejects by measured destination.

• Selected flow: Bean preparation rejects
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured reject mass by treatment or recovery destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_receiving_records
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional solid-reject QA prior
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.4
  • Unit: kg/kg net finished product
  • Basis: broad prior for different incoming bean states and sorting intensities
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Preparation wastewater (preparation_wastewater)

Record wastewater leaving preparation, including measured volume or mass and the declared on-site or off-site treatment route.

• Selected flow: Wastewater from food preparation
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered discharge or water-balance estimate attributable to preparation
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_receiving_records
• Sources: eu-2019-2031-fdm-bat
• Range: Provisional preparation-wastewater QA prior
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: kg/kg net finished product
  • Basis: broad first-pass estimate bounded by metered water use and retained water
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Hydration, cooking, and formulation (cooking_and_formulation)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared beans transferred in (prepared_beans_to_cooking)

Record the internal transfer from preparation without adding a second upstream bean burden.

• Selected flow: Prepared bean intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Equal to the measured or calculated output of receiving_and_preparation
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per production lot
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_cooking_records
• Sources:

Recipe water, packing medium, and other ingredients (recipe_inputs)

Record added water, brine, sauce, oil, sugar, salt, acids, seasonings, and other recipe materials as separate supplier inputs where material to the study.

• Selected flow: Recipe ingredients and packing medium
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Batch recipe issue records reconciled to returned or unused material
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cooking_records
• Sources: codex-cxs-297-2009
• Range: Provisional recipe-input QA prior
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.8
  • Unit: kg/kg net finished product
  • Basis: broad prior covering dry-pack, brine, sauce, and seasoned formulations
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Cooking electricity (cooking_electricity)

Record electricity used by pumps, conveyors, preparation equipment, mixers, and electric heating allocated to this process.

• Selected flow: Electricity supply
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Submetered use or documented allocation from equipment power and operating time
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cooking_records
• Sources: eu-2019-2031-fdm-bat
• Range: Provisional cooking-electricity QA prior
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.01
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kWh/kg net finished product
  • Basis: broad first-pass estimate across preparation and cooking technologies
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Cooking thermal energy (cooking_thermal_energy)

Record steam, heat, or fuel energy used for soaking-water heating, blanching, cooking, and sauce preparation, with carrier and on-site combustion declared.

• Selected flow: Thermal energy carrier
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: Metered steam or fuel use, or calculated heat from measured carrier consumption
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cooking_records
• Sources: eu-2019-2031-fdm-bat
• Range: Provisional cooking-heat QA prior
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.2
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: MJ/kg net finished product
  • Basis: broad first-pass estimate across direct cooking, steam, and incoming pre-cooked routes
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Cooked or formulated bean intermediate (cooked_formulated_intermediate)

Record the mass transferred to filling after recipe additions, cooking losses, and process sampling.

• Selected flow: Cooked or formulated bean intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured transfer mass or batch mass balance
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per production lot
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_cooking_records
• Sources:

Waste flows

Cooking and formulation losses (cooking_losses)

Record spills, tank residues, off-specification material, and wastewater sent to recovery, treatment, or disposal.

• Selected flow: Cooking and formulation waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured waste records or process mass-balance difference with uncertainty disclosed
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_cooking_records
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional cooking-loss QA prior
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.5
  • Unit: kg/kg net finished product
  • Basis: broad prior including process water and off-specification product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Filling, sealing, and preservation (filling_and_preservation)

Inputs

Product flows

Cooked or formulated beans transferred in (beans_to_filling)

Record the internal product transfer into filling and preservation.

• Selected flow: Cooked or formulated bean intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Equal to the measured or calculated output of cooking_and_formulation, or directly measured when that process is omitted
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per production lot
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_preservation_records
• Sources:

Primary containers and closures (primary_packaging)

Record cans, jars, lids, pouches, trays, cartons used as primary containers, and closures by material and mass; retain packaging outside the net reference-product mass.

• Selected flow: Primary food packaging materials
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Issued packaging mass minus returned unused packaging, plus documented line loss
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_preservation_records
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional primary-packaging QA prior
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.01
  • Upper: 0.8
  • Unit: kg/kg net finished product
  • Basis: broad prior covering flexible pouches, metal containers, and heavy glass jars
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Preservation electricity and thermal energy (preservation_energy)

Record electricity, steam, heat, or fuel used for filling, sealing, retorting, pasteurization, aseptic processing, or other stabilization, separated by carrier in the produced dataset.

• Selected flow: Electricity and thermal energy carriers
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh and MJ by carrier
• Amount rule: Metered carrier use or documented equipment allocation for the preservation lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_preservation_records
• Sources: codex-cxc-23-1979; eu-2019-2031-fdm-bat
• Range: Provisional preservation-energy QA prior
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.1
  • Upper: 8
  • Unit: MJ-equivalent/kg net finished product
  • Basis: broad first-pass combined energy prior; retain actual carriers and do not use this range as a conversion factor
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Cooling and process water (preservation_water)

Record make-up water used for retort, cooling, seal protection, or other preservation services and distinguish recirculation from discharge.

• Selected flow: Water supply
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered make-up water attributable to the preservation lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_preservation_records
• Sources: codex-cxc-23-1979; eu-2019-2031-fdm-bat
• Range: Provisional preservation-water QA prior
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 15
  • Unit: kg/kg net finished product
  • Basis: broad prior across closed-loop, once-through, and no-water preservation systems
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Stabilized filled product (stabilized_filled_product)

Record filled product that has completed the declared preservation controls and is transferred to final inspection and packaging.

• Selected flow: Stabilized filled prepared beans
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg net product
• Amount rule: Measured net filled product mass accepted after preservation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per production lot
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_preservation_records
• Sources: codex-cxs-297-2009; codex-cxc-23-1979

Waste flows

Preservation wastewater and rejected units (preservation_waste)

Record cooling-water discharge, cleaning wastewater, leaking or underprocessed containers, packaging scrap, and product losses separately by treatment destination in the produced dataset.

• Selected flow: Preservation wastewater and rejected filled units
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered discharge plus counted rejected units converted using measured unit mass
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_preservation_records
• Sources: codex-cxc-23-1979; eu-2019-2031-fdm-bat
• Range: Provisional preservation-waste QA prior
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 15
  • Unit: kg/kg net finished product
  • Basis: broad prior dominated by water-system design and reject rate
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Post-process handling, packaging, and release (post_process_packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Stabilized product transferred in (stabilized_product_to_release)

Record the accepted internal product transfer into inspection, labelling, case packing, and finished-goods holding.

• Selected flow: Stabilized filled prepared beans
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg net product
• Amount rule: Equal to accepted output from filling_and_preservation
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per production lot
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_release_records
• Sources:

Secondary and tertiary packaging (secondary_packaging)

Record labels, cases, trays, stretch film, pallet share, and other distribution packaging by material and mass.

• Selected flow: Secondary and tertiary packaging materials
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Packaging issue records minus returned unused material, including documented line loss
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_release_records
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional secondary-packaging QA prior
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.005
  • Upper: 0.3
  • Unit: kg/kg net finished product
  • Basis: broad prior for cases, films, and allocated pallet mass
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Release-stage electricity (release_electricity)

Record electricity for conveyors, drying, inspection, labelling, case packing, and any declared refrigerated finished-goods holding.

• Selected flow: Electricity supply
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Submetered use or documented equipment and storage allocation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_release_records
• Sources: eu-2019-2031-fdm-bat
• Range: Provisional release-electricity QA prior
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.8
  • Unit: kWh/kg net finished product
  • Basis: broad prior covering ambient release and refrigerated holding
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Released reference product (released_reference_product)

This is the single reference product leaving the foreground system after final acceptance; packaging mass remains outside the 1 kg net product amount.

• Selected flow: Beans, otherwise prepared or preserved, not frozen e1ec238e-9181-4fd3-912e-a88b4a45ad56
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg net finished product
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg net finished reference product at the manufacturing gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Collection protocol:
• Sources:

Waste flows

Release rejects and packaging waste (release_waste)

Record damaged units, label or case scrap, and other release-stage wastes by material and treatment destination.

• Selected flow: Release-stage product and packaging waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured waste mass plus rejected-unit count multiplied by measured unit mass
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_release_records
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional release-waste QA prior
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.15
  • Unit: kg/kg net finished product
  • Basis: broad first-pass estimate for product rejects and packaging scrap
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

Apply allocation in the following order:

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivision	Separately measurable products, recipes, lines, or batches	Avoid allocation by subdividing operations or using direct lot, line, equipment, recipe, and metering records whenever technically feasible.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_recovery	Recovered materials or exported energy	Apply system expansion or substitution only when the goal and scope support it and the substituted product, quality, market, and method are documented; otherwise keep recovery treatment and any revenue-free waste burden in the foreground system.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_physical	Unavoidable shared burdens with multiple valuable outputs	Allocate by a documented physical relationship that reflects causality, such as product mass, dry bean solids, energy content, or measured process use; do not use net filled mass when differences in packing medium would distort the relationship.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_economic_fallback	Shared burdens lacking a defensible physical relationship	Use economic allocation only as a disclosed fallback with price period, currency, co-product status, and sensitivity analysis retained.	iso-14044-2006

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_receiving_records	receiving_and_preparation	Beans, preparation water, prepared intermediate, rejects, and wastewater	Weighbridge, batch, water-meter, waste, and discharge records	lot_id; supplier; bean_state; incoming_mass_kg; accepted_mass_kg; water_makeup_kg; reject_mass_kg; wastewater_kg; destination	Reconcile calibrated scales and meters to batch and waste-transfer records	kg	Each lot or production shift	At least one representative annual or seasonal production period, with shutdown and abnormal periods identified	Each producing site	Sum accepted inputs and outputs by lot, then normalize to released net product mass	Calibration records; lot traceability; water balance; waste transfer documents; missing-data log
cp_cooking_records	cooking_and_formulation	Recipe inputs, electricity, heat, intermediate product, and losses	Batch recipe, material issue, meter, boiler, and production records	batch_id; ingredient_mass_kg; water_mass_kg; electricity_kWh; steam_or_fuel_quantity; carrier_unit; intermediate_mass_kg; loss_mass_kg	Record recipe issues and direct meters; allocate shared utilities using documented equipment time or throughput	kg; kWh; MJ or carrier unit	Each batch or shift	Representative operating period covering product and route variability	Each cooking or formulation line	Convert carriers without aggregation loss, calculate lot totals, and normalize to released net product mass	Recipe authorization; meter calibration; utility invoices; allocation worksheet; mass balance
cp_preservation_records	filling_and_preservation	Primary packaging, preservation energy and water, filled product, critical factors, wastewater, and rejected units	Packaging issue, filler, seamer, retort or preservation-system, meter, and quality records	lot_id; container_type; packaging_mass_kg; net_fill_kg; drained_mass_kg_if_applicable; initial_temperature; process_time; process_temperature; pH_or_aw_if_applicable; energy; water_makeup_kg; wastewater_kg; rejected_units	Capture contemporaneous line and scheduled-process records; reconcile packaging and utility totals to accepted filled units	kg; kWh; MJ; °C; min; pH or aw where applicable	Each lot, with critical-factor frequency set by the validated preservation process	All preservation campaigns in the reporting period	Each preservation line or system	Sum accepted product, packaging, water, energy, and rejects by lot and normalize to released net product mass	Scheduled-process authority; instrument calibration; container closure checks; deviation and disposition records
cp_release_records	post_process_packaging	Accepted product, secondary packaging, release electricity, rejects, and final reference output	Finished-goods, packaging issue, meter, quality release, and waste records	lot_id; accepted_net_product_kg; package_format; secondary_packaging_kg; electricity_kWh; storage_time_h; storage_temperature_if_applicable; reject_mass_kg; release_status	Reconcile released finished-goods mass with packaging use, storage, rejection, and waste records	kg; kWh; h; °C	Each released lot or shift	Same period as foreground production data	Each packaging and release line	Sum only released product, allocate shared storage by occupied mass-time, and normalize all inventory to 1 kg net product	Release authorization; inventory reconciliation; meter records; packaging specifications; rejected-lot disposition

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	All foreground flows	normalized amount = lot-attributable flow amount / released net finished-product mass	lot flow amount; released net product kg	amount per 1 kg reference product
calc_net_product_mass	Filled and released product	net product mass = gross filled unit mass - tare mass of primary container and closure; do not subtract packing medium	gross filled mass; container and closure tare	net finished-product kg	codex-cxs-297-2009
calc_mass_balance	Each process and complete foreground system	mass-balance difference = total mass inputs - product outputs - waste outputs - measured evaporation or other declared losses; investigate material unexplained differences	material inputs; product outputs; waste outputs; declared losses	mass-balance closure and unexplained difference
calc_energy_conversion	Electricity, fuels, steam, and purchased heat	Convert each carrier to the declared reporting unit using a documented lower or higher heating value, steam enthalpy, or supplier factor while retaining the original quantity and factor	metered carrier quantity; conversion factor; factor basis	carrier-specific energy per reference product
calc_water_balance	Preparation and preservation water	wastewater estimate = make-up water + water in inputs - retained water in product - measured evaporation - water in exported residues; do not use the estimate when a direct discharge meter is available without explaining the difference	make-up water; ingredient water; product water; evaporation; residue water	wastewater kg and water-balance closure	eu-2019-2031-fdm-bat
calc_shared_burden_allocation	Unavoidable shared operations	Apply the selected allocation basis consistently to all shared inputs, emissions, and wastes and retain a sensitivity result for any economic fallback	shared burdens; output quantities; allocation basis	allocated foreground inventory by product	iso-14044-2006

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	Reference product and incoming beans	Declare all required qualifiers and preserve the exact reference-flow UUID; distinguish raw, soaked, cooked, acidified, and otherwise preprocessed incoming states.	Product specification; recipe; supplier record; Tiangong identity reference
dq_temporal_representativeness	Foreground activity data	Use a representative production period that covers normal product and route variability; identify start and end dates, shutdowns, trials, and abnormal lots.	Production calendar; lot list; exclusion log
dq_measurement_traceability	Mass, water, energy, temperature, time, pH, aw, and waste records	Retain instrument identity, calibration or verification status, raw reading, unit, timestamp, operator or system source, and any transformation applied.	Calibration certificates; meter exports; signed batch or system records
dq_inventory_completeness	Complete foreground system	Reconcile bean, ingredient, product, packaging, water, energy, wastewater, and waste records across all included processes and document every proxy, zero, estimate, and data gap.	Mass and water balances; energy reconciliation; completeness checklist
dq_preservation_controls	Preserved product release	Retain route-specific critical factors and deviations. For applicable low-acid or acidified low-acid hermetically sealed products, retain the scheduled process, process authority, time, temperature, fill, headspace, pH or aw where relevant, container integrity, cooling, and release review.	Scheduled-process file; contemporaneous processing records; deviation disposition; codex-cxc-23-1979; us-ecfr-21-cfr-113
dq_provisional_ranges	Rows with reasoned estimates	Treat every reasoned_estimate range as a nonconformance-screening prior only; never replace measured foreground values with the midpoint and replace the range with reviewed evidence before publication-critical use.	Range-evidence review record and replacement plan

9. Validation Rules

Validate a foreground data package against the following rules:

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
val_reference_identity	Reference flow	The output must use product flow e1ec238e-9181-4fd3-912e-a88b4a45ad56, Mass property 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, Mass unit group 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66, and kg, normalized to exactly 1 kg net finished product.
val_required_qualifiers	Dataset metadata	Bean type, incoming state, recipe or packing medium, preservation route, net-content basis, solid or drained fraction when relevant, container type, market state, geography, and production period must be declared.	codex-cxs-297-2009; codex-cxc-23-1979
val_process_completeness	Process inventory	Every required process and every applicable conditional process must be represented; any omitted conditional process must have a documented non-applicability reason.
val_packaging_separation	Reference amount and packaging inventory	Primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging mass must not be included in the 1 kg net reference amount and must remain explicit inventory inputs when used.
val_mass_water_energy_balance	Foreground calculations	Mass balance, water balance, carrier-specific energy reconciliation, and released-product reconciliation must be calculated, and material unexplained differences must be investigated and disclosed.	eu-2019-2031-fdm-bat
val_preservation_record	Preservation process	The declared route must have contemporaneous critical-factor records and deviation disposition; applicable low-acid or acidified low-acid hermetically sealed products must demonstrate conformity with the authorized scheduled process.	codex-cxc-23-1979; us-ecfr-21-cfr-113
val_canned_fill_check	Canned vegetable variants within CXS 297-2009 scope	For non-vacuum canned variants claiming conformity with CXS 297-2009, verify container fill against the standard's minimum-fill requirement and record drained weight where the applicable annex requires it.	codex-cxs-297-2009
val_allocation_disclosure	Multi-output operations	The allocation hierarchy, selected basis, quantities, co-product status, recovery treatment, and any sensitivity analysis must be present and arithmetically consistent.	iso-14044-2006
val_estimate_status	Provisional ranges	A reasoned-estimate range may only screen or initialize data; validation must flag use of a range midpoint as a foreground value and any publication-critical range lacking reviewed evidence.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground manufacturing dataset for prepared or preserved non-frozen beans at the manufacturing gate
downstream_use	May serve as a secondary_dataset or background_dataset for food products, meals, catering, retail, and packaging or distribution models when scope and qualifiers match
allowed_use	Attributional or consequential modelling consistent with the declared allocation and recovery method; product, process, and lifecyclemodel projections using the same net-product basis
excluded_use	Direct comparison of products with different bean states, solid fractions, preservation routes, package formats, shelf-life requirements, or geography without adjustment; substitution for fresh, dried-unprepared, or frozen beans
required_metadata	PCR id; reference UUID; bean type; incoming state; recipe; preservation route; net and drained-mass basis; container and packaging materials; market state; geography; technology; reporting period; site coverage; allocation; upstream datasets
required_quality_disclosure	Data coverage; meter and calibration status; mass, water, and energy closure; scheduled-process applicability; deviations; proxies; provisional ranges; unresolved flow UUIDs; uncertainty and allocation sensitivity
update_trigger	Material change in bean source or state, recipe, solid fraction, preservation process, package format, energy or water system, site or geography, allocation, regulation or scheduled process, or a shift outside the represented production period

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
codex-cxs-297-2009	standard	Codex Alimentarius, CXS 297-2009, Standard for Certain Canned Vegetables, https://workspace.fao.org/sites/codex/Standards/CXS%20297-2009/CXS_297e.pdf, retrieved 2026-08-11	Applicable canned-vegetable product definition; washing and preparation; packing media; heat stabilization; net, drained, and container-fill checks
codex-cxc-23-1979	official_guidance	Codex Alimentarius, CXC 23-1979, Code of Hygienic Practice for Low-Acid and Acidified Low-Acid Canned Foods, https://workspace.fao.org/sites/codex/Standards/CXC%2023-1979/CXC_023e.pdf, retrieved 2026-08-11	Representative-route process decomposition; blanching, filling, sealing, thermal processing, critical factors, cooling water, container handling, records, and deviation controls
us-ecfr-21-cfr-113	standard	United States Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, 21 CFR Part 113, Thermally Processed Low-Acid Foods Packaged in Hermetically Sealed Containers, https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-113, retrieved 2026-08-11	Conditional requirements for U.S.-market low-acid hermetically sealed products; scheduled-process authority, critical factors, processing records, and review
eu-2019-2031-fdm-bat	official_guidance	Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/2031 establishing BAT conclusions for the food, drink and milk industries, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2019/2031/oj, retrieved 2026-08-11	Water, energy, raw-material, wastewater, and waste-gas inventories; process flow sheets; water balances; key-process-parameter monitoring; resource-efficiency records
iso-14044-2006	standard	ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines, including current amendments, https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html, retrieved 2026-08-11	LCI goal and scope, system-boundary links, recursive input treatment, allocation hierarchy, documentation, reporting, and sensitivity