Pepper (Piper spp.), processed · Process: Crushing, grinding, and sieving (milling_and_sieving)

Process: Crushing, grinding, and sieving (milling_and_sieving)

Inputs

Product flows

Whole pepper entering size reduction (milling_whole_pepper_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Cleaned whole Piper pepper for crushing, grinding, or powdering
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed input segregated by product class, target presentation, moisture, and mill campaign
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per kg milled pepper
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_milling_records
• Quality evidence: Batch scale, lot link, target particle-size specification, and mill-cleanliness release
• Sources: ipc-pepper-standard-2015; fao-spice-quality-assurance

Electricity for milling and sieving (milling_electricity_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Electricity, facility supply mix
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered or rated-power × runtime electricity for crusher, mill, sieve, aspiration, and conveyors
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per kg milled pepper
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_carrier_records
• Quality evidence: Submeter or equipment power, runtime, screen identity, and batch mass
• Range: Provisional milling-electricity screening range
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0.01
  • Upper: 5
  • Unit: kWh/kg milled pepper
  • Basis: Broad screen spanning coarse crushing through fine powdering; replace with presentation- and mill-specific records
  • Sensitivity: Test the stated bounds by presentation because fine powdering can make this exchange outcome-dominant
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Liquid nitrogen for cryogenic grinding (milling_liquid_nitrogen_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Liquid nitrogen
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered liquid nitrogen only for a declared cryogenic-grinding route; ambient milling records zero
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per kg cryogenically milled pepper
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_chemical_input_records
• Quality evidence: Tank level or delivery reconciliation, injection record, and batch mass

Outputs

Product flows

Milled and sieved pepper (milled_pepper_output)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Broken, cracked, coarsely ground, ground, or powdered Piper pepper
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed conforming output by declared presentation and particle-size criterion; record rework separately
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per milling campaign
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_milling_records
• Quality evidence: Scale ticket, sieve analysis, retained sample, and release record
• Sources: codex-cxs-326-2017; ipc-pepper-standard-2015

Waste flows

Off-specification milled pepper (off_spec_milled_pepper_waste)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Off-specification milled pepper sent to waste treatment
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed material not reworked or sold as a product; record cause and destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per kg milled pepper
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Quality evidence: Segregated scale record, disposition approval, and destination receipt

Captured pepper dust from milling (captured_milling_pepper_dust_waste)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Captured pepper dust collected as waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed dust from filters or collectors that is not returned to product; keep separate from uncaptured air emission
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per kg milled pepper
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Quality evidence: Collector clean-out mass, reuse decision, and destination receipt

Elementary flows

Pepper dust released during milling (milling_pepper_dust_to_air)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Pepper particulate matter released to air during milling
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate uncaptured dust from stack measurement or captured-plus-emitted dust balance; do not combine with combustion particulate matter
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per kg milled pepper
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_dust_emission_records
• Quality evidence: Stack test or engineering estimate, collector mass, airflow, and runtime
• Sources: fao-spice-quality-assurance

Process: Product sanitization (product_sanitization)

Inputs

Product flows

Pepper entering sanitization (sanitization_pepper_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Piper pepper entering the declared sanitization technology
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed input segregated by product class, presentation, moisture, and exact sanitization route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per kg sanitized pepper
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_sanitization_records
• Quality evidence: Batch mass, technology identity, validated process specification, and pre-treatment sample
• Sources: shango-pepper-quality-2021

Electricity for product sanitization (sanitization_electricity_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Electricity, facility supply mix
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered electricity for steam generator auxiliaries, dry-heat equipment, irradiation equipment operated onsite, pumps, and controls; technology remains declared
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per kg sanitized pepper
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_carrier_records
• Quality evidence: Submeter or equipment power, runtime, and batch mass

Purchased steam for product sanitization (sanitization_steam_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Purchased steam
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: Metered steam only for the declared steam-sanitization route; do not combine with onsite fuel or wet-pretreatment steam
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per kg steam-sanitized pepper
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_carrier_records
• Quality evidence: Steam meter, pressure and enthalpy basis, treatment duration, and batch mass
• Range: Provisional steam-sanitization energy screen
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0.1
  • Upper: 20
  • Unit: MJ/kg steam-sanitized pepper
  • Basis: Broad first-pass interval for direct and indirect steam systems; replace with metered enthalpy
  • Sensitivity: Test the stated bounds and do not transfer results between direct and indirect steam technologies
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process water for steam sanitization (sanitization_process_water_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Process water for steam sanitization
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered make-up water that crosses the product-sanitization boundary; keep separate from cleaning water
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per kg steam-sanitized pepper
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_and_wastewater_records
• Quality evidence: Water meter, quality result, steam balance, and batch record

Natural gas for onsite sanitization heat (sanitization_natural_gas_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Natural gas combusted onsite for product sanitization
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered natural gas only for the declared gas-fired dry-heat or steam route; keep separate from LPG and purchased steam
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per kg sanitized pepper
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_carrier_records
• Quality evidence: Fuel meter, supplier heating value, equipment log, and batch allocation
• Sources: ipcc-stationary-combustion-2006

Liquefied petroleum gas for onsite sanitization heat (sanitization_lpg_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Liquefied petroleum gas combusted onsite for product sanitization
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed or invoice-reconciled LPG only for the declared LPG-fired route; keep separate from natural gas and purchased steam
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per kg sanitized pepper
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_carrier_records
• Quality evidence: Tank mass or delivery reconciliation, supplier heating value, equipment log, and batch allocation
• Sources: ipcc-stationary-combustion-2006

Outputs

Product flows

Sanitized pepper (sanitized_pepper_output)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Sanitized Piper pepper
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed treated output with product class, presentation, treatment technology, dose or time-temperature specification, moisture, and test result
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per sanitization batch
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_sanitization_records
• Quality evidence: Calibrated scale, validated process log, pre/post moisture and microbial or buyer-required release result
• Sources: shango-pepper-quality-2021

Waste flows

Steam-sanitization condensate wastewater (sanitization_condensate_wastewater)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Product-sanitization condensate wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered condensate discharged rather than recovered; keep separate from product wash and equipment-cleaning wastewater
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per kg steam-sanitized pepper
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_and_wastewater_records
• Quality evidence: Condensate meter or tank balance, reuse record, and discharge or treatment receipt

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide from sanitization heat (sanitization_fossil_co2_to_air)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, fossil, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate separately from onsite natural gas and LPG; zero for purchased steam and electricity to prevent double counting
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per kg sanitized pepper
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Collection protocol: cp_combustion_emission_records
• Quality evidence: Fuel activity, heating value, factor version, oxidation assumption, and calculation sheet
• Sources: ipcc-stationary-combustion-2006

Methane from sanitization heat (sanitization_ch4_to_air)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Methane to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate separately from each onsite fuel using technology-appropriate CH4 factors
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per kg sanitized pepper
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Collection protocol: cp_combustion_emission_records
• Quality evidence: Fuel activity, factor source and version, equipment class, and calculation sheet
• Sources: ipcc-stationary-combustion-2006

Nitrous oxide from sanitization heat (sanitization_n2o_to_air)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Nitrous oxide to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate separately from each onsite fuel using technology-appropriate N2O factors
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per kg sanitized pepper
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Collection protocol: cp_combustion_emission_records
• Quality evidence: Fuel activity, factor source and version, equipment class, and calculation sheet
• Sources: ipcc-stationary-combustion-2006

Water vapour from steam or dry-heat sanitization (sanitization_water_to_air)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Water emitted to air during product sanitization
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate from pepper moisture change and unrecovered steam balance; do not duplicate condensate wastewater
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per kg sanitized pepper
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_sanitization_records
• Quality evidence: Pre/post mass and moisture, steam balance, condensate record, and calculation sheet

Process: Equipment and room cleaning (equipment_cleaning)

Inputs

Product flows

Water for equipment and room cleaning (equipment_cleaning_water_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Process water for equipment and room cleaning
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered water by cleaning event; keep separate from pepper washing, retting, depericarping, and sanitization water
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per production campaign and normalized to released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_records
• Quality evidence: Cleaning-event meter or tank volume, production campaign link, and sanitation sign-off
• Range: Provisional equipment-cleaning water screen
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.02
  • Unit: m3/kg released pepper
  • Basis: Broad dry-cleaning-to-wet-cleaning screen; replace with event-level water records
  • Sensitivity: Test zero and the upper bound because cleaning regime changes both water supply and wastewater burdens
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Electricity for cleaning equipment (equipment_cleaning_electricity_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Electricity, facility supply mix
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered or equipment-runtime electricity for vacuums, pressure washers, pumps, and cleaning support
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per production campaign and normalized to released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_carrier_records
• Quality evidence: Submeter or equipment power, runtime, cleaning event, and campaign allocation

Sodium hypochlorite cleaning agent (equipment_cleaning_sodium_hypochlorite_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Sodium hypochlorite
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg active substance
• Amount rule: Dosed active mass from product concentration × solution mass only when used; do not combine with other disinfectants
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per production campaign and normalized to released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_chemical_input_records
• Quality evidence: Safety data sheet, concentration certificate, solution issue mass, dilution log, and cleaning record

Sodium hydroxide cleaning agent (equipment_cleaning_sodium_hydroxide_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg active substance
• Amount rule: Dosed active mass from product concentration × solution mass only when used; do not combine with other cleaning chemicals
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per production campaign and normalized to released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_chemical_input_records
• Quality evidence: Safety data sheet, concentration certificate, solution issue mass, dilution log, and cleaning record

Peracetic acid cleaning agent (equipment_cleaning_peracetic_acid_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Peracetic acid
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg active substance
• Amount rule: Dosed active mass from product concentration × solution mass only when used; do not combine with sodium hypochlorite or another disinfectant
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per production campaign and normalized to released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_chemical_input_records
• Quality evidence: Safety data sheet, concentration certificate, solution issue mass, dilution log, and cleaning record

Outputs

Waste flows

Equipment-cleaning wastewater (equipment_cleaning_wastewater)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Equipment and room cleaning wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered wet-cleaning effluent by cleaning event; retain chemical identity and concentration and keep separate from process wastewater
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per production campaign and normalized to released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_records
• Quality evidence: Effluent meter or tank balance, chemical-use reconciliation, sample result, and treatment receipt

Spent cleaning filters and wipes (spent_cleaning_filters_wipes_waste)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Spent filters and cleaning wipes contaminated with pepper dust
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed spent filters and wipes by material and destination; if materials differ, create additional atomic rows in the data package
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per production campaign and normalized to released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Quality evidence: Container mass, material identity record, and destination receipt

Empty high-density polyethylene chemical containers (empty_hdpe_chemical_container_waste)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Empty high-density polyethylene cleaning-chemical containers
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed HDPE containers not returned to supplier; containers of another polymer require a separate atomic row
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per production campaign and normalized to released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Quality evidence: Container count, measured unit mass, return log, and destination receipt

Process: Primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging (packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Pepper for packaging (pepper_for_packaging_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Processed pepper awaiting packaging
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed pepper transferred to the packaging line, retaining product-class, presentation, grade, moisture, sanitization, and route qualifiers
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Quality evidence: Packaging-line batch record, calibrated scale ticket, and route-lot reconciliation

Electricity for filling and packaging (packaging_electricity_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Electricity, facility supply mix
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered or equipment-power-by-runtime electricity for filling, sealing, labelling, conveying, and pallet wrapping
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per packaging campaign and normalized to released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_carrier_records
• Quality evidence: Submeter record or rated power, runtime log, line throughput, and allocation key

Kraft paper packaging (kraft_paper_packaging_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Kraft paper packaging
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Issued mass of kraft paper bags or layers minus measured unused returns; use only for the declared package format
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Quality evidence: Purchase specification, material identity, issue-return record, and measured unit mass

Polyethylene liner (polyethylene_liner_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Polyethylene packaging liner
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Issued mass of polyethylene liners minus measured unused returns; do not combine with polypropylene or other polymers
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Quality evidence: Supplier specification, polymer identity, issue-return record, and measured unit mass

Woven polypropylene sack (woven_polypropylene_sack_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Woven polypropylene packaging sack
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Issued sack mass minus measured unused returns; exclude polyethylene liners recorded separately
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Quality evidence: Supplier specification, polymer identity, sack count, and measured unit mass

Glass jar (glass_jar_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Glass packaging jar
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Mass of glass jars filled for the declared retail format, excluding closures and labels recorded separately
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Quality evidence: Purchase record, jar count, and measured empty-jar mass

Metal closure (metal_closure_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Metal packaging closure
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Mass of metal closures applied to the declared package; any polymer insert shall be recorded separately when material
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Quality evidence: Closure specification, count, and measured unit mass

Paperboard carton (paperboard_carton_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Paperboard packaging carton
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Issued paperboard carton mass minus verified unused returns
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Quality evidence: Board specification, carton count, issue-return record, and measured unit mass

Wooden pallet (wooden_pallet_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Wooden transport pallet
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net pallet mass consumed or assigned by verified trip count and reuse history; do not count returned pallets as single-use inputs
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Quality evidence: Pallet specification, measured mass, dispatch-return log, reuse count, and calculation

Polyethylene stretch film (polyethylene_stretch_film_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Polyethylene pallet stretch film
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Issued film mass minus unused roll remainder, allocated to dispatched palletized product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Quality evidence: Polymer specification, roll issue and remainder mass, pallet count, and shipment mass

Outputs

Product flows

Packaged processed pepper (packaged_pepper_output)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Packaged processed Piper pepper before storage and final release
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg net pepper
• Amount rule: Net pepper mass packed and accepted after filling losses, excluding packaging mass
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per packaging campaign
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Quality evidence: Filled-unit count, tare verification, checkweigher record, rejection record, and net-mass reconciliation

Waste flows

Kraft paper packaging scrap (kraft_paper_packaging_scrap)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Kraft paper packaging scrap
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed kraft paper trim, damaged bags, and rejected paper packaging by destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per packaging campaign and normalized to released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Quality evidence: Segregated container mass, reject log, and destination receipt

Polyethylene packaging scrap (polyethylene_packaging_scrap)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Polyethylene packaging scrap
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed rejected liners and stretch-film scrap; keep other polymers separate
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per packaging campaign and normalized to released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Quality evidence: Polymer identity, segregated container mass, reject log, and destination receipt

Polypropylene packaging scrap (polypropylene_packaging_scrap)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Woven polypropylene packaging scrap
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed damaged or rejected polypropylene sacks; keep liners and other polymers separate
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per packaging campaign and normalized to released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Quality evidence: Polymer identity, segregated container mass, reject log, and destination receipt

Glass packaging breakage (glass_packaging_breakage_waste)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Broken glass packaging waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed broken or rejected glass jars, excluding metal closures and pepper residues
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per packaging campaign and normalized to released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Quality evidence: Breakage log, segregated container mass, and destination receipt

Metal closure scrap (metal_closure_scrap)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Metal packaging closure scrap
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed rejected metal closures, with non-metal inserts separated when material
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per packaging campaign and normalized to released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Quality evidence: Reject count, measured unit mass, segregated container mass, and destination receipt

Paperboard packaging scrap (paperboard_packaging_scrap)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Paperboard packaging scrap
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed damaged cartons and paperboard trim by destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per packaging campaign and normalized to released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Quality evidence: Segregated container mass, reject log, and destination receipt

Wooden pallet waste (wooden_pallet_waste)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Discarded wooden pallet waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed pallet mass retired from service and assigned using its documented reuse history
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per packaging campaign and normalized to released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Quality evidence: Pallet identity, measured mass, repair and reuse history, retirement record, and destination receipt

Process: Finished-goods storage and release (finished_goods_storage)

Inputs

Product flows

Packaged pepper for storage (packaged_pepper_storage_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Packaged processed Piper pepper entering finished-goods storage
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg net pepper
• Amount rule: Net packaged pepper mass received into storage, linked to the exact route, lot, and package format
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_storage_records
• Quality evidence: Warehouse receipt, lot linkage, net-mass record, and package specification

Electricity for finished-goods storage (storage_electricity_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Electricity, facility supply mix
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered storage, ventilation, lighting, and cooling electricity allocated by occupied mass-time or another disclosed causal driver
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per storage period and normalized to released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_carrier_records
• Quality evidence: Submeter record, storage duration, occupied mass-time, and allocation calculation

Refrigerant R-134a (storage_refrigerant_r134a_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) refrigerant
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Recorded additions of R-134a to finished-goods storage equipment only; zero when no such equipment or chemical is used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per reporting period and normalized to released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_records
• Quality evidence: Equipment register, refrigerant label, service record, cylinder mass, and charge balance

Refrigerant R-410A (storage_refrigerant_r410a_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: R-410A refrigerant blend
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Recorded additions of R-410A to finished-goods storage equipment only; do not combine with another refrigerant
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per reporting period and normalized to released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_records
• Quality evidence: Equipment register, refrigerant label, service record, cylinder mass, and charge balance

Refrigerant R-32 (storage_refrigerant_r32_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Difluoromethane (HFC-32) refrigerant
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Recorded additions of R-32 to finished-goods storage equipment only; do not combine with another refrigerant
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per reporting period and normalized to released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_records
• Quality evidence: Equipment register, refrigerant label, service record, cylinder mass, and charge balance

Refrigerant R-404A (storage_refrigerant_r404a_input)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: R-404A refrigerant blend
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Recorded additions of R-404A to finished-goods storage equipment only; do not combine with another refrigerant
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per reporting period and normalized to released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_records
• Quality evidence: Equipment register, refrigerant label, service record, cylinder mass, and charge balance

Outputs

Product flows

Released processed pepper reference product (processed_pepper_reference_output)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Pepper (Piper spp.), processed 99d5d3c5-870f-458f-b492-a610d37c8034
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Exactly 1 kg net released pepper at factory gate, excluding packaging mass and carrying every required product and route qualifier
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Reference amount of 1 kg
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_storage_records
• Quality evidence: Release certificate, final net mass, moisture and grade results, lot genealogy, gate vector, and package declaration
• Sources: codex-cxs-326-2017; un-cpc-v3

Elementary flows

R-134a emission to air (storage_refrigerant_r134a_to_air)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), emission to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Opening charge + R-134a additions - closing charge - recovered R-134a; record zero only with a complete balance
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per reporting period and normalized to released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_records
• Quality evidence: Equipment-level charge balance, service records, recovery mass, calculation, and review sign-off

R-410A emission to air (storage_refrigerant_r410a_to_air)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: R-410A refrigerant blend, emission to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Opening charge + R-410A additions - closing charge - recovered R-410A; do not substitute a generic refrigerant loss
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per reporting period and normalized to released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_records
• Quality evidence: Equipment-level charge balance, service records, recovery mass, calculation, and review sign-off

R-32 emission to air (storage_refrigerant_r32_to_air)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: Difluoromethane (HFC-32), emission to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Opening charge + R-32 additions - closing charge - recovered R-32; do not substitute a generic refrigerant loss
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per reporting period and normalized to released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_records
• Quality evidence: Equipment-level charge balance, service records, recovery mass, calculation, and review sign-off

R-404A emission to air (storage_refrigerant_r404a_to_air)

Record this named flow as a separate atomic exchange for the unit process; preserve its declared route, source or disposition and do not aggregate it with another flow.

• Selected flow: R-404A refrigerant blend, emission to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Opening charge + R-404A additions - closing charge - recovered R-404A; do not substitute a generic refrigerant loss
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per reporting period and normalized to released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_records
• Quality evidence: Equipment-level charge balance, service records, recovery mass, calculation, and review sign-off

7. Allocation Rules

rule_id	Priority	Rule	Required disclosure	source_ids
alloc_avoid_by_subdivision	1	Avoid allocation by separating product class, presentation, wet route, depericarping route, drying route, sanitization route, and packaging-format records.	Subprocess split, meters or causal records, and lot links	eu-pef-method-2021
alloc_route_specific_records	2	Do not allocate or average across mutually exclusive route-gate values; calculate an intentional mix only from independently modelled routes and disclosed production weights.	Gate values, route outputs, weights, period, and calculation	codex-cxs-326-2017; ipc-pepper-standard-2015
alloc_residue_classification	3	Treat removed stalks, pericarp, dust, off-grade pepper, and rejected product as waste unless sale, specification, and a receiving market demonstrate a co-product.	Classification basis, destination, revenue or specification, and mass	eu-pef-method-2021
alloc_physical_relationship	4	When subdivision is impossible and a causal physical relationship exists, allocate shared inputs by the measured driver, such as pepper dry matter, equipment runtime, occupied mass-time, or treated volume.	Driver, measurements, formula, and sensitivity	eu-pef-method-2021
alloc_economic_fallback	5	Use economic allocation only when no defensible physical relationship exists; use a representative price period and test price sensitivity.	Prices, currency, period, source, shares, and sensitivity	eu-pef-method-2021

No avoided-burden credit is allowed inside the foreground inventory without an explicitly declared consequential study. Exported waste treatment and any substitution claim shall remain separate linked modelling choices.

8. Foreground Data Collection and Calculation

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_receiving_lot_records	receiving_and_lot_qualification	Received pepper, sampling, rejection, and accepted lots	lot_record	Scale tickets, supplier lot, route gate, moisture, foreign matter, and inspection	Calibrated weighing and controlled lot records	kg; mass fraction	Every lot	Complete reporting period	Every receiving point in scope	Reconcile accepted plus rejected mass to received mass	Scale verification, lot genealogy, and inspection record
cp_energy_carrier_records	hot_air_drying	Electricity, steam, hot water, natural gas, LPG, diesel, and biomass	meter_and_invoice_record	Meter, invoice, tank or cylinder balance, runtime, heating value, and allocation driver	Meter reading and source-document reconciliation	kWh; MJ; kg; m3	Every campaign or monthly	Complete reporting period	Every energy-consuming process in scope	Reconcile process records to facility totals using the declared driver	Meter verification, invoices, and reconciliation worksheet
cp_waste_records	dry_cleaning_and_grading	Every solid waste material	waste_transfer_record	Material identity, container tare and gross mass, destination, receipt, and route	Calibrated weighing and transfer-document review	kg	Every removal	Complete reporting period	Every waste-generating process in scope	Aggregate by material, process, route, and campaign	Scale verification, transfer receipt, and route record
cp_threshing_records	threshing	Spike separation	batch_record	Input, separated berries, stalks, runtime, and electricity	Batch weighing and meter reading	kg; h; kWh	Every batch	Complete reporting period	Every threshing line in scope	Close wet-mass balance by batch, then aggregate released mass	Scale and meter verification plus batch sheet
cp_dust_emission_records	milling_and_sieving	Pepper dust releases	emission_measurement_record	Capture efficiency, collected dust, stack or room measurement, and operating time	Representative measurement or transparent mass-balance calculation	kg; mg/m3; h	Each campaign or representative monitored test	Representative operating conditions and reporting period	Every dust release point in scope	Apply measurements only to documented matching operating hours	Test report, sampling method, and operating log
cp_wet_pretreatment_records	wet_pretreatment	Washing, blanching, and preservative treatment	batch_record	Pepper mass, water, temperature-time profile, chemical identity and dose, and drains	Batch weighing, metering, and controlled dosing records	kg; m3; degC; min	Every batch	Complete reporting period	Every wet-pretreatment vessel or line in scope	Reconcile water and chemical issues by batch	Calibration, batch sheet, and chemical issue log
cp_water_and_wastewater_records	white_pepper_retting	Water supply and each wastewater stream	meter_and_sample_record	Inlet meter, effluent meter or tank balance, sample time, concentration, and destination	Metered volume paired with time-matched sampling	m3; kg/m3	Every campaign	Complete reporting period with matched sampling intervals	Every water inlet and discharge point in scope	Match sample and volume periods before calculating load	Meter verification, sampling plan, laboratory result, and destination record
cp_chemical_input_records	product_sanitization	Every cleaning, pretreatment, and sanitizing chemical	chemical_issue_record	Product mass, active concentration, safety data sheet, dilution, and issue log	Controlled issue records and dose calculation	kg product; kg active substance	Every dose	Complete reporting period	Every chemical-using process in scope	Calculate active mass separately by chemical and process	Product specification, safety data sheet, and issue log
cp_combustion_emission_records	hot_air_drying	On-site fuel combustion	fuel_and_emission_record	Fuel identity and amount, lower heating value, equipment, factor or test result, and calculation	Metered fuel with source-specific factor or measurement	kg; m3; MJ; kg pollutant	Every reporting period	Complete reporting period	Every stationary combustion unit in scope	Calculate separately by fuel, equipment, and pollutant	Fuel record, factor source or test report, and calculation worksheet
cp_retting_records	white_pepper_retting	White-pepper water retting	batch_record	Berry mass, water fills and changes, vessel volume, duration, temperature, wastewater volume, and sample results	Batch weighing, vessel records, metering, and sampling	kg; m3; h; degC	Every retting batch	Complete reporting period	Every retting vessel and discharge route in scope	Keep retting batches separate from non-retting routes	Batch sheet, meter verification, and laboratory result
cp_depericarping_records	depericarping	Pericarp removal and kernel washing	batch_record	Input, kernel, pericarp, wash water, electricity, and route technology	Batch weighing and utility metering	kg; m3; kWh	Every batch	Complete reporting period	Every depericarping line in scope	Close wet- and dry-matter balances by batch	Scale and meter verification plus batch sheet
cp_cleaning_grading_records	dry_cleaning_and_grading	Dry cleaning, aspiration, grading, and sorting	lot_record	Input, accepted pepper, each reject, dust, electricity, and equipment setting	Lot weighing, meter reading, and equipment log	kg; kWh	Every lot or campaign	Complete reporting period	Every cleaning and grading line in scope	Close mass balance by lot or campaign	Scale and meter verification plus equipment log
cp_drying_batch_records	hot_air_drying	Sun, enclosed-solar, and hot-air drying	batch_record	Input/output mass and moisture, time, temperature, weather or dryer settings, and each carrier	Paired batch weighing, moisture testing, and operating log	kg; mass fraction; h; degC; kWh; MJ	Every batch	Complete reporting period and declared season	Every drying route and dryer in scope	Calculate removed water and dry-matter loss separately by route	Scale, moisture-method, and instrument verification plus batch log
cp_milling_records	milling_and_sieving	Crushing, grinding, and sieving	campaign_record	Feed, accepted fractions, oversize return, dust, rejects, electricity, and settings	Campaign weighing, metering, and equipment log	kg; kWh	Every campaign and presentation	Complete reporting period	Every milling and sieving line in scope	Close mass balance separately by presentation	Scale and meter verification plus equipment log
cp_sanitization_records	product_sanitization	Steam, dry heat, irradiation, or other identified treatment	treatment_batch_record	Technology, input/output mass, time-dose-temperature, utilities, rejects, and certificate	Batch weighing and treatment-controller records	kg; min; degC; treatment-specific dose; kWh; MJ	Every batch	Complete reporting period	Every sanitization technology and line in scope	Keep technology routes separate and reconcile treated mass	Treatment certificate, controller record, and scale verification
cp_cleaning_records	equipment_cleaning	Dry and wet equipment or room cleaning	cleaning_event_record	Event, area or equipment, water, chemical, waste, wastewater, and campaign assignment	Controlled cleaning log, metering, and issue records	event; m3; kg	Every event	Complete reporting period	Every cleaned area and equipment item in scope	Normalize through documented campaign linkage	Cleaning log, meter verification, and chemical issue record
cp_packaging_records	packaging	Filling and every packaging layer	packaging_issue_record	Net pepper, material identity, issued and returned mass, scrap, counts, and tare	Calibrated weighing and material issue-return records	kg; item	Every format and campaign	Complete reporting period	Every packaging line and format in scope	Reconcile input to packed product plus scrap and returns	Scale verification, packaging specification, and issue-return record
cp_storage_records	finished_goods_storage	Finished-goods storage and release	lot_release_record	Lot receipt, release mass, duration, conditions, losses, and release test	Warehouse lot records and calibrated weighing	kg; day; degC	Every lot	Complete reporting period	Every finished-goods storage location in scope	Reconcile stored, rejected, lost, and released mass	Warehouse record, release test, and scale verification
cp_refrigerant_records	finished_goods_storage	Each storage refrigerant chemical	equipment_charge_record	Equipment register, chemical label, opening and closing charge, additions, recovery, and service	Equipment-level refrigerant mass balance	kg	At least annually and every service	Complete reporting period	Every refrigerated storage unit in scope	Close balance separately by equipment and chemical	Equipment register, service record, and refrigerant invoice

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_normalize_reference	All foreground exchanges	Exchange per reference = campaign exchange / released net pepper mass	Exchange and released net mass from the same boundary and period	Exchange per 1 kg reference product
calc_moisture_removed	Drying	Water removed = wet input × moisture fraction in - dry output × moisture fraction out	Input/output mass and paired wet-basis moisture	kg water removed
calc_dry_matter_balance	Wet treatment, depericarping, drying, and milling	Dry-matter closure = (output dry matter + dry-matter wastes) / input dry matter	Paired masses and moisture for product and residues	Dimensionless closure ratio
calc_wastewater_load	Each wastewater stream	Pollutant load = matched wastewater volume × matched concentration	m3 wastewater and kg/m3 concentration	kg pollutant	azman-retting-water-2020
calc_fuel_emissions	On-site fuel combustion	Pollutant mass = fuel amount × lower heating value × identified pollutant factor, with unit conversion	Atomic fuel record, heating value, factor source, and equipment scope	kg CO2, CH4, or N2O per pollutant row	ipcc-stationary-combustion-2006
calc_refrigerant_loss	Refrigerated storage	Loss = opening charge + additions - closing charge - recovered mass	Equipment- and chemical-specific charge records	kg refrigerant emitted to air	eu-pef-method-2021
calc_packaging_mass	Packaging	Consumed packaging = issued mass - verified unused return; reusable share uses measured mass divided by documented uses	Material identity, issue/return, measured mass, and reuse history	kg of each packaging material
calc_weighted_mix	Explicitly declared product mix	Mixed exchange = sum of independently modelled route exchange × disclosed released-mass share	Route-specific datasets and shares summing to 1	Disclosed intentional product mix only	eu-pef-method-2021

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	All foreground batches	Product and route gate is complete and linked to every foreground batch.	Lot genealogy, declared gate vector, and product specification
dq_calibration	All measured exchanges	Mass, energy, water, temperature, and concentration measurements are traceable and fit for purpose.	Calibration or verification record and instrument identity
dq_temporal	Reporting period	Data cover a representative contiguous period not exceeding 12 months unless seasonality requires a disclosed multi-period model.	Period, production volume, downtime, and representativeness statement
dq_mass_moisture	Wet treatment, depericarping, drying, and milling	Wet mass and moisture are paired at comparable sample times and dry-matter closure is reviewed.	Scale records, test method, sample time, and balance calculation
dq_route_completeness	Declared route vector	Every occurring conditional process and every actual carrier, material, chemical, waste, wastewater, refrigerant, and emission is represented atomically.	Route walk-through, purchase and waste reconciliation, and zero/not-applicable justification
dq_emissions	Direct elementary emissions	Direct dust, fuel-combustion pollutants, and refrigerant losses use measured or transparent calculated records.	Test report or input record, factor source, formula, units, and reviewer
dq_wastewater	Each wastewater stream	Wastewater volumes and concentration samples share a valid time and stream basis.	Meter or tank balance, sampling plan, laboratory result, and destination
dq_packaging_refrigerant	Packaging and refrigerated storage	Package layers and refrigerant chemicals are identified separately and reconciled.	Specifications, issue/return records, equipment register, and mass balances
dq_representativeness	Published dataset	Geography, technology, capacity, product class, presentation, and season match the declared dataset.	Site and line description, campaign list, and deviation statement
dq_source_traceability	External values	Every external value retains a stable source, locator, applicability statement, and transformation.	Source ID, URL or DOI, page/table/section, calculation, and access record

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
val_identity_gate	Product identity and route selection	Error: Every required gate has one declared value and the dataset scope matches CPC 3.0 23921 processed Piper pepper.	un-cpc-v3; codex-cxs-326-2017
val_reference_flow	Reference product object	Error: processed_pepper_reference_output is exactly 1 kg net product with UUID 99d5d3c5-870f-458f-b492-a610d37c8034, Product flow, and Mass; packaging is excluded.	un-cpc-v3
val_no_implicit_averaging	Mutually exclusive routes and forms	Error: Product classes, presentations, wet treatments, depericarping, drying, sanitization, and packaging formats are separate or combined only with disclosed route datasets and weights.	codex-cxs-326-2017; ipc-pepper-standard-2015
val_process_gate	Required and conditional processes	Error: All required processes and every triggered conditional process are present; map tokens are only required or conditional.	ipc-pepper-standard-2015; fao-spice-quality-assurance
val_atomic_flows	Atomic inventory	Error: Every actual carrier, material, chemical, packaging material, waste, wastewater, refrigerant, and elementary emission has its own flow card; no grouped placeholder is used.	fao-spice-quality-assurance; ipcc-stationary-combustion-2006
val_only_reference_uuid	UUID ownership	Error: The reference product flow is the only flow card with a UUID; all other flow UUIDs remain blank for author mapping.	un-cpc-v3
val_mass_moisture_balance	Wet- and dry-matter closure	Error: Process input, product, waste, and moisture records support reviewed wet-mass and dry-matter balances, with deviations explained.	fao-spice-quality-assurance; codex-cxs-326-2017
val_final_moisture	Released-product moisture	Error: Final moisture is measured by a declared method and meets the declared applicable grade or buyer specification.	codex-cxs-326-2017; ipc-pepper-standard-2015
val_energy_separation	Energy carrier identity	Error: Electricity, steam, hot water, natural gas, LPG, diesel, biomass, and any other actual carrier are separate and route-specific.	eu-pef-method-2021
val_wastewater	Wet-route wastewater	Error: Every wet-process and cleaning wastewater stream has separate volume, destination, and matched pollutant results when tested.	azman-retting-water-2020; fao-spice-quality-assurance
val_combustion_emissions	Fuel emissions	Error: Each used on-site fuel has separate CO2, CH4, and N2O measurement or transparent fuel-specific calculation.	ipcc-stationary-combustion-2006
val_packaging	Package layers and scrap	Error: Every actual primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging material and its scrap is recorded separately and mass-reconciled.	fao-spice-quality-assurance
val_refrigerants	Refrigerant identity and loss	Error: Each actual refrigerant chemical has separate addition and air-emission cards with an equipment-level charge balance; ambient storage records zero and not applicable.	eu-pef-method-2021
val_allocation	Allocation hierarchy	Error: Subdivision is attempted first; any remaining physical or economic allocation has complete driver, formula, source, and sensitivity disclosure.	eu-pef-method-2021
val_temporal_completeness	Period reconciliation	Error: Input, output, utility, waste, wastewater, emission, packaging, and storage records cover the same representative production period.	eu-pef-method-2021
val_source_closure	Evidence traceability	Error: Every external method or number resolves to a listed Data Sources entry; each reasoned estimate is labelled with rationale, range, sensitivity, and provisional status.	eu-pef-method-2021

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground processing dataset for a single declared processed-pepper product and route vector
downstream_use	May serve as secondary_dataset or background_dataset only when the consuming model matches its qualifiers and boundary
allowed_use	Exact or explicitly justified match for species/cultivar, class, presentation, starting state, wet treatment, depericarping, drying, sanitization, grade, moisture, packaging, geography, technology, and period
excluded_use	Unqualified generic pepper, implicit black/white/green mix, implicit whole/powder mix, undeclared wet or drying route, Capsicum pepper, or farm-gate raw pepper
required_metadata	Reference flow, gate vector, process map, period, geography, capacity, net output, final moisture, allocation, cut-offs, source IDs, uncertainty, and evidence gaps
required_quality_disclosure	Report primary-data share, measured versus calculated exchanges, reasoned estimates, mass/moisture closure, route representativeness, and unresolved gaps
update_trigger	Re-author when product class, presentation, supplier starting state, wet or depericarping route, dryer, sanitization, package format, site, or material data period changes materially

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-v3	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification (CPC) Version 3.0, class 23921. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/CPC	Official classification identity and scope context for processed Piper pepper
codex-cxs-326-2017	standard	Codex Alimentarius, CXS 326-2017, Standard for Black, White and Green Peppers. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FStandards%252FCXS%2B326-2017%252FCXS_326e.pdf	Product classes, styles, quality and moisture specifications, and product release gate
ipc-pepper-standard-2015	standard	International Pepper Community, Pepper Standard Specifications, 2015, reproduced in Codex meeting document SC03/CRD07. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fworkspace.fao.org%2Fsites%2Fcodex%2FMeetings%2FCX-736-03%2FCRD%2Fsc03_CRD07x.pdf	Processing operations, product styles, route decomposition, sampling, and quality controls
fao-spice-quality-assurance	official_guidance	FAO, Quality assurance for small-scale rural food industries, Chapter 3: Spice processing. https://www.fao.org/4/v5380e/v5380e09.htm	Washing, drying, cleaning, grading, grinding, packaging, dust control, lot records, and factory QA
azman-retting-water-2020	literature	Azman et al., “Evaluation of Various Soaking Agents as a Novel Tool for Heavy Metal Residues Mitigation from Pepper,” Processes 8(10), 1255 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8101255 ; full text: https://psecommunity.org/wp-content/plugins/wpor/includes/file/2104/LAPSE-2021.0247-1v1.pdf	White-pepper retting water ratio and wastewater pH, COD, turbidity, and dissolved-oxygen evidence
shango-pepper-quality-2021	literature	Shango et al., “Post-harvest practices and loss assessment in pepper value chain,” CABI Reviews 16, 031 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1079/PAVSNNR202116031 ; full text: https://www.suaire.sua.ac.tz/server/api/core/bitstreams/4ec5af44-5ad3-410b-8f76-dc93e5d87340/content	Post-harvest unit operations, alternative white-pepper routes, drying, sorting, packaging, storage, and loss points
fao-gi-control-plan-2009	official_guidance	FAO, Linking People, Places and Products, control-plan guidance (2009). https://www.fao.org/4/i1057e/i1057e04.pdf	Measurable product and route qualifiers, traceability, and control-plan evidence
eu-pef-method-2021	official_guidance	European Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on the use of the Environmental Footprint methods. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/2021-12-30/eng	System boundary, upstream linkage, subdivision, allocation hierarchy, data quality, and reporting
ipcc-stationary-combustion-2006	method_factor	IPCC, 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 2, Chapter 2: Stationary Combustion. https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/2_Volume2/V2_2_Ch2_Stationary_Combustion.pdf	Fuel-separated CO2, CH4, and N2O calculation structure and factor traceability