Pasta, cooked, stuffed or otherwise prepared (but not as a complete dish); couscous, except as a complete dish

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers factory production of cooked, stuffed, frozen or otherwise prepared pasta, noodles and dumplings, and couscous, when the product is not presented as a complete dish. It includes the route-relevant preparation of cereal ingredients, dough or granule preparation, forming or filling, cooking or other heat treatment, drying or cooling when used, freezing when used, packaging when included in the declared factory-gate product, and shared cleaning and wastewater operations.

The foreground boundary begins with received cereal-based ingredients, water, fillings and other formulation inputs at the manufacturing site and ends with conforming product at the factory gate in the declared chilled, frozen, dried, shelf-stable or other market state. Agricultural production, grain milling, manufacture of purchased ingredients and packaging, off-site utilities, and off-site waste treatment are represented by upstream or downstream datasets rather than recreated inside the foreground process.

Complete prepared dishes or meals containing pasta, noodles, dumplings or couscous are excluded. Uncooked pasta that is neither stuffed nor otherwise prepared is excluded. Product form, cereal species, filling status and composition, cooking or drying status, preservation route, temperature state, packaging basis and whether the product is sold in bulk or retail form shall be declared because these facts materially change the inventory.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.grain-mill-products-starches-and-starch-products-other-food-products.pasta-cooked-stuffed-or-otherwise-prepared-but-not-as-a-complete-dish-couscous-except-a-c3bc62b9
classification_refs	CPC 3.0:23721 (exact)
covered_products	Cooked, stuffed, frozen or otherwise prepared pasta; prepared noodles and dumplings; couscous; each sold as a product rather than as a complete dish.
excluded_products	Complete prepared dishes or meals; uncooked pasta that is not stuffed or otherwise prepared; upstream cereal farming or milling as foreground operations; consumer preparation after the factory gate unless explicitly added by study scope.
representative_product	Net edible prepared pasta or couscous product conforming to its declared formulation, preservation route and market state.
production_route	Receipt and preparation of cereal ingredients and water; mixing or granulation; forming and optional filling; cooking or other heat treatment; optional drying, cooling or freezing; optional packaging; cleaning and wastewater handling.
market_state	Factory-gate product declared as chilled, frozen, dried, shelf-stable or otherwise preserved, in bulk or packaged form, but not presented as a complete dish.

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Net edible prepared pasta, noodle, dumpling or couscous product within the declared category boundary.
How much	1 kg net product, excluding packaging mass.
How well	Conforming to the declared product identity, formulation, moisture or solids basis, filling status, preservation route, food-safety release criteria and market state.
How long or cycle	One released production lot represented over the declared reporting period; no consumer-use duration is assigned.
reference_flow_link	prepared_pasta_or_couscous_output

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg net conforming product at the factory gate, excluding packaging.
Reference product flow	Pasta, cooked, stuffed or otherwise prepared (but not as a complete dish), couscous, except as a complete dish 1312d181-2dd0-4af3-b938-c38ed2342c7d
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	product form; cereal species or principal starch source; filling status and principal filling class; preparation route; cooking status; drying status; moisture or solids basis; chilled, frozen, dried, shelf-stable or other market state; packaging inclusion and format; complete-dish exclusion; geography; reporting period

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_net_mass	Reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Measure released net edible product after the final in-scope conditioning step and exclude packaging mass; preserve the lot total before normalization to 1 kg.
material_mass_basis	Ingredients, intermediates, product, rework and wastes	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Record as-used wet mass and declare moisture, solids or concentration basis whenever it affects comparison or mass balance; do not mix dry and wet bases without a documented conversion.
water_mass	Ingredient, cooking, cooling and cleaning water	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Record water separately by use and identify recovered or recycled water; volume-to-mass conversion shall use a documented density and temperature when not reasonably equivalent to 1 kg/L.
energy_carrier_units	Electricity, fuels, purchased heat, steam and refrigeration	Carrier-specific energy property	kWh or MJ	Preserve metered units and net or gross calorific-value basis; document each conversion and do not combine electricity with thermal energy before characterization.
packaging_separation	Primary, secondary and transport packaging	Mass	kg	Measure each packaging material separately when packaging is in scope; packaging mass shall not be included in the 1 kg reference product output.
couscous_moisture	Product represented as Codex CXS 202-1995 couscous	Mass fraction	%	Declare the test method and wet-basis moisture result; the 13.5% maximum applies only when the represented product claims conformity with the Codex couscous standard and shall not be generalized to other products in this PCR.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Received cereal ingredients, water, filling ingredients, other formulation materials, processing aids and packaging are available at the manufacturing-site gate with supplier identity, mass basis and upstream dataset link declared.
starting_condition_role	The starting condition is the auditable hand-off between upstream ingredient or material datasets and foreground food manufacture.
product_classification_scope	CPC 3.0:23721 prepared pasta, noodles, dumplings and couscous that are not presented as a complete dish.
recursive_input_rule	A purchased or transferred input already within this PCR category shall be recorded as an input with its own upstream dataset and declared state; its manufacture shall not be recursively reconstructed inside the receiving process.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Each purchased cereal ingredient, filling, other material, utility and packaging input requires a geographically and technologically representative upstream dataset or a documented data gap; off-site waste treatment requires a destination-specific dataset.
disclosure	Declare product route, formulation scope, filled or unfilled status, preservation and temperature state, packaging scope, site geography, reporting period, upstream dataset substitutions, excluded operations and all unresolved flow identities.

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_factory_gate	Foreground manufacturing system	Include every on-site operation from receipt of ingredients through release of the declared factory-gate product, including shared cleaning and wastewater generation allocated to the product; model upstream supplies and off-site treatments through linked datasets.	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; iso-14044-2006
boundary_category_exclusion	Product scope	Exclude complete dishes and meals and exclude uncooked pasta that is neither stuffed nor otherwise prepared; document any mixed-product line decision against the declared CPC 23721 scope.	un-cpc-3-23721
boundary_route_conditionals	Conditional operations	Include filling, drying, cooling, freezing and packaging only when performed for the represented product, and record an explicit not-applicable decision rather than assuming the operation is absent.	un-cpc-3-23721; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
boundary_food_safety_utilities	Product-contact water, steam, cooling and cold chain	Include the utility use and reject or wastewater consequences needed to maintain the declared hygiene and temperature controls; separate non-product-contact utilities when metered and disclose allocation otherwise.	eu-ec-852-2004

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
ingredient_preparation	Ingredient receipt and preparation	required	Always included for manufactured product.	Foreground receipt, weighing, sieving, tempering, mixing or granulation preparation.	kg prepared mixture transferred to forming
forming_and_filling	Forming and optional filling	required	Forming is required; filling operations apply only to filled products.	Foreground shaping, extrusion, sheeting, cutting, granulation and optional filling.	kg shaped product transferred to thermal processing
thermal_processing	Cooking, drying and cooling	required	At least one preparation or heat-treatment operation is declared; drying and cooling are route-specific.	Foreground cooking, steaming, blanching, drying and controlled cooling.	kg conforming processed intermediate
finishing_and_packaging	Freezing, storage and packaging	conditional	Include each operation when performed before the declared factory gate.	Foreground preservation, cold storage, packing and release.	kg net released reference product
cleaning_and_wastewater	Cleaning, sanitation and wastewater handling	required	Include shared operations attributable to the represented reporting period.	Foreground hygiene support and on-site wastewater handling.	allocated operation per kg net released product

Process: Ingredient receipt and preparation (ingredient_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Cereal-based ingredients (cereal_ingredients)

Record each flour, semolina, starch, meal or other cereal-derived principal ingredient separately at receipt or issue to the represented lot.

• Selected flow: Cereal-based ingredient
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured as-used ingredient mass by material and lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional cereal-input mass-balance QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.1
  • Upper: 5
  • Unit: kg/kg net product
  • Basis: per 1 kg net released product across wet, cooked, dried and filled routes
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Ingredient and process water (ingredient_process_water)

Record potable water added as an ingredient or used for tempering, mixing or granulation separately from cleaning water.

• Selected flow: Potable process water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered or batch-dosed water by use and lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_by_use
• Sources: eu-ec-852-2004
• Range: Provisional preparation-water QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 20
  • Unit: kg/kg net product
  • Basis: per 1 kg net released product before separating water retained in product from water discharged
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Other formulation inputs and processing aids (other_formulation_inputs)

Record salt, egg, oil, minor ingredients, processing aids and other formulation materials separately; do not infer their quantities from a generic recipe.

• Selected flow: Other formulation material
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured issued mass by material and lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional other-input QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 3
  • Unit: kg/kg net product
  • Basis: per 1 kg net released product, with zero allowed when no such input is used
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared mixture transferred to forming (prepared_mixture)

Calculate the wet mass of mixed dough, batter or granulated intermediate transferred to the forming stage from measured transfer records.

• Selected flow: Prepared cereal mixture
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured transfer mass or calculated opening-plus-input-minus-closing balance
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_intermediate_balance
• Sources:

Waste flows

Preparation rejects and spills (preparation_rejects)

Record sieving rejects, contaminated ingredients and spills by material, moisture state and destination; separately identify rework that remains inside the foreground system.

• Selected flow: Food preparation waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured discarded mass by destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_mass_destination
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional preparation-loss QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg net product
  • Basis: discarded preparation material per 1 kg net released product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Forming and optional filling (forming_and_filling)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared mixture (forming_mixture_input)

Record the prepared mixture received from the preceding foreground process without adding an upstream burden a second time.

• Selected flow: Prepared cereal mixture
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured transfer mass reconciled with prepared_mixture
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_intermediate_balance
• Sources:

Filling ingredients (filling_ingredients)

For filled products, record each filling ingredient by as-used mass and declared food group; use zero only for an explicitly unfilled route.

• Selected flow: Filling ingredient
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured filling ingredient mass by material and lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass
• Sources: un-cpc-3-23721
• Range: Provisional filling-input QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 3
  • Unit: kg/kg net product
  • Basis: per 1 kg net released product across unfilled and filled routes
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Forming electricity (forming_electricity)

Record electricity for mixing, extrusion, sheeting, cutting, granulation and filling equipment from submeters or allocated line meters.

• Selected flow: Electricity supplied to forming equipment
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered use or documented equipment-time allocation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_by_operation
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional forming-electricity QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: kWh/kg net product
  • Basis: per 1 kg net released product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Shaped or filled intermediate (shaped_intermediate)

Record the wet mass transferred to cooking, drying or other declared preparation step.

• Selected flow: Shaped or filled pasta intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured transfer mass reconciled to forming inputs, rework and rejects
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_intermediate_balance
• Sources:

Waste flows

Forming rejects (forming_rejects)

Measure trimmings, malformed product and filling losses by destination; internal rework is an intermediate transfer and not a waste output.

• Selected flow: Forming food waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured discarded mass by destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_mass_destination
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional forming-loss QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg net product
  • Basis: discarded forming material per 1 kg net released product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Cooking, drying and cooling (thermal_processing)

Inputs

Product flows

Shaped intermediate input (thermal_product_input)

Record the shaped or filled intermediate received from forming and reconcile it to the upstream transfer.

• Selected flow: Shaped or filled pasta intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured transfer mass reconciled with shaped_intermediate
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_intermediate_balance
• Sources:

Cooking and cooling water (thermal_process_water)

Record water used for cooking, steaming generation, blanching, quenching or product-contact cooling separately by use and identify recirculation.

• Selected flow: Potable process water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered or batch-calculated water withdrawal minus documented recovered water where appropriate
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_by_use
• Sources: eu-ec-852-2004
• Range: Provisional cooking-and-cooling-water QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 50
  • Unit: kg/kg net product
  • Basis: per 1 kg net released product across dry-heat, steam, water-cooked and cooling routes
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Thermal energy (thermal_energy)

Record purchased heat, steam and each on-site fuel separately for cooking, steaming, drying and hot-water generation.

• Selected flow: Thermal energy carrier
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: Metered carrier use converted with documented energy basis and allocated by operation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_by_operation
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional thermal-energy QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 50
  • Unit: MJ/kg net product
  • Basis: per 1 kg net released product across cooking and drying routes
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Thermal-process electricity (thermal_electricity)

Record electricity for pumps, conveyors, cookers, dryers, fans and cooling equipment assigned to this process.

• Selected flow: Electricity supplied to thermal processing
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered use or documented equipment-time allocation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_by_operation
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional thermal-process-electricity QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: kWh/kg net product
  • Basis: per 1 kg net released product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared product intermediate (prepared_product_intermediate)

Measure conforming product after the last thermal step and declared cooling or drying step, before optional freezing and packaging.

• Selected flow: Prepared pasta or couscous intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured conforming transfer mass with moisture or solids basis declared
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_reference_output_and_quality
• Sources:

Waste flows

Thermal-process wastewater (thermal_wastewater)

Measure wastewater discharged from cooking, quenching and cooling by destination and retain sampled load data when available.

• Selected flow: Food-processing wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered discharge or documented water balance by destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_volume_load
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional thermal-wastewater QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 50
  • Unit: kg/kg net product
  • Basis: wastewater sent to on-site or off-site treatment per 1 kg net released product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Direct fossil carbon dioxide (direct_fossil_co2)

Include this row only for on-site fuel combustion and calculate carbon dioxide from measured fuel use using an applicable reviewed factor; keep other direct pollutants as separate elementary rows.

• Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, fossil
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculated from collected fuel use and reviewed fuel-specific emission factor
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released product
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emissions
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional direct-fossil-CO2 QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: kg CO2/kg net product
  • Basis: direct on-site fossil carbon dioxide only, per 1 kg net released product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Freezing, storage and packaging (finishing_and_packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared product for finishing (finishing_product_input)

Record the prepared product transferred from thermal processing; bypassed finishing operations shall be explicitly declared.

• Selected flow: Prepared pasta or couscous intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured transfer mass reconciled with prepared_product_intermediate
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_intermediate_balance
• Sources:

Refrigeration and packaging electricity (finishing_electricity)

Record electricity for freezing, chilled or frozen storage, conveyors, sealers and packing equipment when those operations are in scope.

• Selected flow: Electricity supplied to finishing operations
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered use or documented equipment-time and storage-duration allocation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released product
• Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_by_operation
• Sources: eu-ec-852-2004; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional finishing-electricity QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: kWh/kg net product
  • Basis: per 1 kg net released product, with declared storage duration and zero only when the operation is not used
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Packaging materials (packaging_materials)

When packaging is in scope, record primary, secondary and transport packaging separately by material and actual issued mass.

• Selected flow: Packaging material
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured packaging mass by material, including documented line loss
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_mass
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional packaging-mass QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg net product
  • Basis: packaging material per 1 kg net released product, with zero only for declared bulk unpackaged product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared pasta or couscous output (prepared_pasta_or_couscous_output)

This is the quantitative reference output. Record the released net edible mass after final conditioning and before adding packaging mass.

• Selected flow: Pasta, cooked, stuffed or otherwise prepared (but not as a complete dish), couscous, except as a complete dish 1312d181-2dd0-4af3-b938-c38ed2342c7d
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: exactly 1 kg net conforming product after normalization
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Sources: un-cpc-3-23721

Waste flows

Packaging scrap and off-spec finished product (finishing_waste)

Record packaging scrap and discarded finished product separately by material, food-contact status, moisture state and destination.

• Selected flow: Finishing and packaging waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured discarded mass by material and destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_mass_destination
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional finishing-waste QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg net product
  • Basis: finishing and packaging waste per 1 kg net released product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Refrigerant emitted to air (refrigerant_loss)

For chilled or frozen routes, calculate each refrigerant loss separately from charge and service records; omit only when no refrigeration equipment is attributable to the product.

• Selected flow: Refrigerant emitted to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculated refrigerant make-up or verified leak mass allocated to represented production
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_loss
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional refrigerant-loss QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.1
  • Unit: kg/kg net product
  • Basis: direct refrigerant loss per 1 kg net released product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Cleaning, sanitation and wastewater handling (cleaning_and_wastewater)

Inputs

Product flows

Cleaning and sanitation water (cleaning_water)

Record product-contact and non-product-contact cleaning water separately where metered and document recycled-water controls.

• Selected flow: Cleaning water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered water by cleaning circuit or documented cycle allocation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_by_use
• Sources: eu-ec-852-2004; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional cleaning-water QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 50
  • Unit: kg/kg net product
  • Basis: allocated cleaning water per 1 kg net released product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Cleaning and sanitation agents (cleaning_agents)

Record each detergent, disinfectant and sanitation chemical on an as-used product-mass and concentration basis.

• Selected flow: Cleaning or sanitation agent
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured issued product mass or calculated dose from verified concentration and solution volume
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_agent_use
• Sources: eu-ec-852-2004
• Range: Provisional cleaning-agent QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.5
  • Unit: kg/kg net product
  • Basis: as-used cleaning product per 1 kg net released product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Cleaning wastewater (cleaning_wastewater)

Record wastewater sent to on-site or off-site treatment and retain flow and sampled load data without subtracting pollutants already represented in the wastewater dataset.

• Selected flow: Food-processing cleaning wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered discharge or water balance by treatment destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_volume_load
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional cleaning-wastewater QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 50
  • Unit: kg/kg net product
  • Basis: allocated cleaning wastewater per 1 kg net released product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid_by_subdivision	Multi-product lines and shared operations	First separate product routes, time periods, meters and directly measured material balances so burdens are assigned without allocation wherever practicable.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_rework_internal	Rework returned within the represented foreground system	Treat internal rework as an intermediate transfer and do not assign it a second upstream burden or report it as a waste output.
allocation_shared_operations	Shared cleaning, refrigeration, storage, compressed air and utilities	Use a documented causal physical driver such as metered use, equipment time, cleaning cycle, occupied storage time or throughput; do not default to net product mass when another driver better represents causality.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_coproducts	Saleable co-products or recovered materials leaving the system	Report quantity, state, destination and economic status separately; prefer physical causal allocation when justified and use economic allocation only when physical relationships cannot be supported, with method and sensitivity disclosed.	iso-14044-2006; iso-14067-2018
allocation_waste_treatment	Wastes and wastewater	Keep collection and on-site treatment in the foreground; link off-site treatment by destination and state, and disclose any recycling or substitution credit rather than silently netting it from the inventory.	iso-14044-2006

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_mass	ingredient_preparation; forming_and_filling	Cereal, filling and other formulation inputs	Weighing, receiving and batch issue records	material_id; supplier_lot; product_lot; gross_mass; tare_mass; net_mass; moisture_or_solids_basis; rework_flag	Calibrated scale or verified receiving/issue system reconciled to batch recipe and inventory movement	kg	Each receipt or batch issue	At least the declared representative reporting period, covering all included product lots	All represented lines and sites	Sum net mass by material and product lot; allocate only documented shared issues	Scale calibration, lot traceability, inventory reconciliation and exception log
cp_water_by_use	ingredient_preparation; thermal_processing; cleaning_and_wastewater	Ingredient, process, cooling and cleaning water	Meter, batch-dose and water-balance records	meter_id; timestamp; opening_reading; closing_reading; batch_volume; water_use; recycled_volume; density_basis	Submeter preferred; otherwise verified batch dosing or reconciled site water balance	kg	Continuous or each batch/cycle	Representative reporting period including seasonal or campaign variation	Each represented line, circuit and site	Sum by use; subtract only documented recirculated quantity not withdrawn anew; normalize to released product	Meter calibration, potable-water evidence where required and balance residual review
cp_energy_by_operation	forming_and_filling; thermal_processing; finishing_and_packaging	Electricity, heat, steam, fuel and refrigeration energy	Meter, invoice and equipment operating records	carrier; meter_id; opening_reading; closing_reading; equipment_id; operating_time; load; calorific_value_basis; storage_duration	Submeter by operation; otherwise allocation from verified meter totals using causal equipment records	kWh; MJ	Continuous, batch or billing interval	Full reporting period with production shutdowns and storage time represented	Each represented line and shared utility system	Sum by carrier and operation; document conversions and allocation drivers; normalize to released product	Meter/invoice reconciliation, conversion worksheet and allocation sensitivity
cp_intermediate_balance	ingredient_preparation; forming_and_filling; thermal_processing; finishing_and_packaging	Intermediate transfers and mass balance	Batch transfer and stock records	product_lot; opening_stock; inputs; transfer_mass; closing_stock; rework; rejects; moisture_basis	Calibrated transfer scales or opening-plus-input-minus-closing calculation	kg	Each batch or lot	All included product lots in reporting period	Each represented process hand-off	Reconcile matched upstream output and downstream input; investigate unmatched transfers	Batch genealogy, scale calibration and signed reconciliation
cp_waste_mass_destination	ingredient_preparation; forming_and_filling; finishing_and_packaging	Food rejects, spills, off-spec product and packaging scrap	Waste scale, container and shipment records	waste_type; source_process; gross_mass; tare_mass; moisture_basis; rework_status; destination; ticket_id	Weigh at generation or destination; distinguish internal rework from waste crossing the boundary	kg	Each batch or shipment	Full reporting period	All represented lines and waste destinations	Sum net waste by type, state and destination; no netting against inputs	Scale records, transfer tickets, destination evidence and rework reconciliation
cp_reference_output_and_quality	thermal_processing; finishing_and_packaging	Conforming product output and release state	Production and quality release records	product_id; lot_id; net_mass; moisture_or_solids; filling_status; route; temperature_state; packaging_state; release_result	Calibrated product scale linked to lot release and declared test methods	kg; %; °C where applicable	Each released lot	All included lots in reporting period	All represented products, lines and sites	Sum only released conforming net edible mass; exclude packaging and separately record rejected lots	Scale calibration, product specification, laboratory or process-control result and release authorization
cp_wastewater_volume_load	thermal_processing; cleaning_and_wastewater	Wastewater by treatment destination	Flow meter, water balance and sampling records	discharge_point; flow; sampling_time; parameter; concentration; treatment_route; sludge_or_residue	Metered flow and representative sampling under the site monitoring plan	kg; m3; mg/L or site reporting unit	Continuous flow where available and scheduled representative sampling	Full reporting period including cleaning peaks	Every included discharge point and treatment route	Sum flow by destination; calculate loads only from temporally matched flow and concentration; avoid duplicate elementary reporting	Meter calibration, chain of custody, laboratory method and sampling representativeness review
cp_direct_emissions	thermal_processing	On-site combustion emissions	Fuel meter and emission-factor record	fuel_type; fuel_amount; energy_basis; factor_id; factor_value; pollutant; control_state	Calculate each pollutant from measured fuel use and reviewed applicable factor or direct monitoring	kg; MJ	Reporting interval or monitored event	Full reporting period	All attributable on-site combustion units	Sum by pollutant and unit; allocate with documented causal driver	Fuel reconciliation, factor version and unit check, monitoring QA where used
cp_packaging_mass	finishing_and_packaging	Packaging by material	Packaging issue and scrap records	packaging_id; material; issued_mass; returned_mass; scrap_mass; packed_units; product_lot	Calibrated scale or supplier unit mass verified by periodic weighing	kg	Each lot or packaging campaign	Full reporting period	All included packaging formats	Issued minus returned mass, reconciled with packed units and scrap; normalize separately from product mass	Supplier specification, check-weigh results and packaging balance
cp_refrigerant_loss	finishing_and_packaging	Refrigerant emitted to air	Charge, make-up, recovery and service records	refrigerant_id; opening_charge; added_mass; recovered_mass; closing_charge; equipment_id; operating_period	Verified mass balance for each refrigeration system	kg	Each service event and annual/reporting-period close	Full reporting period including leakage and maintenance	All attributable refrigeration equipment	Calculate loss by refrigerant; allocate shared systems by documented cooling load or storage driver	Service certificate, cylinder weights and charge reconciliation
cp_cleaning_agent_use	cleaning_and_wastewater	Cleaning and sanitation chemicals	Issue, dosing and concentration records	chemical_id; product_mass; solution_volume; concentration; circuit; cleaning_cycle	Metered dosing or verified issue mass reconciled to cleaning schedule	kg	Each cleaning cycle or issue	Full reporting period	All represented cleaning circuits	Sum as-used product mass by chemical; do not confuse formulated product mass with active ingredient	Doser calibration, safety/specification sheet and inventory reconciliation

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_normalize_reference	Every foreground inventory row	normalized amount = reporting-period amount / reporting-period net released reference-product mass	Unnormalized row total; net released product mass from cp_reference_output_and_quality	Amount per 1 kg net released product
calc_intermediate_balance	Each process hand-off	calculated transfer = opening stock + measured inputs - closing stock - measured rejects - separately recorded losses; compare with downstream receipt	Matched batch mass fields from cp_intermediate_balance	Reconciled intermediate transfer and residual
calc_water_balance	Water uses and wastewater	withdrawal = retained product water + evaporation + wastewater + other measured outputs + closing storage - opening storage; report rather than force-close the residual	Water-use, product moisture, wastewater and storage records	Water-balance residual and normalized use by purpose
calc_direct_emission	Each on-site fuel and pollutant	direct emission = measured fuel quantity on the declared basis × reviewed applicable emission factor; no factor may be inserted without source and unit review	Fuel record; factor id, value and units	Pollutant mass by elementary flow
calc_refrigerant_loss	Each refrigeration system	refrigerant loss = opening charge + additions - recovered mass - closing charge, adjusted only for documented transfers	Charge, make-up, recovery and closing records	Refrigerant loss by substance
calc_shared_operation_allocation	Shared utilities and support operations	allocated amount = measured shared total × documented product-specific causal driver / sum of the same driver for all products	Shared total and selected physical driver	Product-attributed shared amount with allocation factor	iso-14044-2006

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	Product and reference flow	Demonstrate that each represented product is within CPC 23721 and is not a complete dish; retain formulation, filling, route, state and packaging qualifiers.	Product specification, label, batch record and CPC scope review using un-cpc-3-23721
dq_temporal	All foreground data	Use a representative period that captures product mix, cleaning, storage and seasonal or campaign variation; disclose shutdowns, abnormal lots and substitutions.	Dated source records, production schedule and representativeness statement
dq_completeness	Process map and inventory	Reconcile every required process and each applicable conditional process; quantify material, water, energy, waste and direct-emission gaps rather than treating missing records as zero.	Completeness matrix, mass/water/energy reconciliation and gap log
dq_measurement	Measured rows	Use calibrated or verified instruments and retain raw totals before normalization; document estimation, conversion and allocation separately.	Calibration certificates, meter checks, invoices, batch records and calculation workbook
dq_food_safety_state	Product-contact water, heat treatment, cooling and cold chain	Retain evidence that the declared operation and market state were produced under applicable hygiene, HACCP and temperature controls; this PCR does not replace food-safety compliance.	HACCP records, potable-water evidence, process-control records and eu-ec-852-2004
dq_provisional_ranges	Every reasoned_estimate range	Treat the range only as a candidate-stage QA screen; replace it with representative foreground distribution or reviewed source evidence and document reviewer acceptance before publication.	Range-replacement log, foreground statistics or reviewed source record
dq_uuid_resolution	Non-reference inventory flows	Resolve and independently verify Tiangong UUID, flow property and unit group before publication; until then retain the semantic candidate without a fabricated UUID.	Tiangong readback record and reviewer sign-off

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	Reference flow	The reference output shall use Tiangong product-flow UUID 1312d181-2dd0-4af3-b938-c38ed2342c7d, Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66, kg, and exactly 1 kg net product excluding packaging.	un-cpc-3-23721
validate_category_and_qualifiers	Dataset identity	Reject a dataset that represents a complete dish, omits the complete-dish exclusion, or lacks product form, principal cereal, filling status, preparation and preservation route, market state, packaging scope, geography or reporting period.	un-cpc-3-23721
validate_process_coverage	Process inventory	Require all required process ids and every applicable conditional operation; each not-applicable filling, drying, cooling, freezing or packaging decision shall be explicit.	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
validate_mass_balance	Material inventory	Reconcile cereal, filling, other material and water inputs with released product, intermediates, rework, wastes, wastewater and disclosed losses on consistent moisture bases; flag unexplained residuals using the dataset's reviewed threshold.	iso-14044-2006
validate_no_double_count	Intermediate, rework, wastewater and emissions	Reject duplicate upstream burdens on internal intermediates or rework, duplicate water withdrawal and wastewater quantities, and duplicate pollutant reporting both inside a wastewater treatment dataset and as a direct elementary emission.	iso-14044-2006
validate_couscous_claim	Codex-claiming couscous route	When the dataset claims Codex CXS 202-1995 conformity, require durum-wheat or explicitly qualified alternative cereal identity, potable-water use, cooking and drying route, declared test method and moisture not exceeding 13.5%; do not apply this rule to other products.	codex-cxs-202-1995
validate_food_safety_records	Product-contact water, steam, cooling and cold chain	Require applicable hygiene/HACCP evidence and prevent non-potable water or unsafe recycled water from being represented as product-contact water without authority-backed suitability evidence.	eu-ec-852-2004
validate_provisional_estimates	Reasoned-estimate ranges	Candidate QA guardrails shall not be interpreted as measured values or publication defaults; publication review must replace or explicitly accept every provisional range with documented rationale.
validate_unresolved_identities	Inventory flow identities	Fail publication readiness while any non-reference UUID required by the implemented inventory remains unresolved or unverified; never infer UUIDs from names alone.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground manufacturing data package for prepared pasta, noodles, dumplings or couscous that is not a complete dish.
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset; downstream process and lifecyclemodel projections after review.
allowed_use	Product-specific factory-gate modelling when the declared formulation, route, temperature state, geography, reporting period, packaging scope and data quality are representative.
excluded_use	Complete dishes or meals; uncooked unstuffed pasta; unqualified substitution across materially different filled, dried, chilled, frozen or shelf-stable routes; food-safety certification; use of provisional QA ranges as measured defaults.
required_metadata	Canonical PCR id and version; CPC mapping context; reference UUID and amount; product and cereal identity; filling and formulation class; processing and preservation route; moisture or solids basis; market and packaging state; geography; site and technology; reporting period; allocation method; upstream datasets; unresolved identities.
required_quality_disclosure	Foreground coverage; meter and scale quality; sampling and calculation methods; mass, water and energy residuals; conditional process decisions; allocation drivers; data gaps; provisional range replacements; wastewater and waste destinations; refrigerant and direct-emission treatment.
update_trigger	Change in formulation, filling class, cereal source, process technology, cooking/drying/freezing route, packaging, site, energy or water system, wastewater treatment, allocation method, data age or source/UUID review that materially changes representativeness.

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-23721	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, Draft CPC Version 3.0 Explanatory Notes, subclass 23721, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Meetings/UNCEISC2024_2nd/Session7_Bk2_CPC3_Exp_Notes_1Nov2024.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Product scope, included prepared pasta/noodle/dumpling/couscous forms, complete-dish exclusion and classification identity.
codex-cxs-202-1995	standard	Codex Alimentarius, CXS 202-1995 Standard for Couscous, https://www.fao.org/input/download/standards/65/CXS_202e.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Couscous ingredient and process identity, potable-water basis, cooking and drying, moisture limit, hygiene, packaging and labelling qualifiers.
eu-ec-852-2004	official_guidance	Regulation (EC) No 852/2004 on the hygiene of foodstuffs, consolidated text, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2004/852 (retrieved 2026-08-11)	HACCP and hygiene controls, potable/recycled water and product-contact steam, heat-treatment cooling and cold-chain evidence.
eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019	official_guidance	European Commission Joint Research Centre, Best Available Techniques Reference Document for the Food, Drink and Milk Industries, 2019, https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/food-drink-and-milk-industries (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Food-manufacturing process scope, operational resource and emission inventory, cleaning, wastewater and monitoring coverage.
iso-14044-2006	standard	ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines, https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html (retrieved 2026-08-11)	LCI goal and scope, inventory consistency, allocation, reporting, review and data-quality framing.
iso-14067-2018	standard	ISO 14067:2018, Greenhouse gases — Carbon footprint of products — Requirements and guidelines for quantification, https://www.iso.org/standard/71206.html (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Product carbon-footprint quantification and reporting consistent with ISO 14040/14044.