Pastry goods and cakes

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR defines foreground data-production rules for pastry goods and cakes supplied as fresh or preserved, ready-to-eat products at the manufacturing gate. It covers product-specific weighing and preparation of ingredients, mixing, forming, filling or layering, conditional resting or fermentation, thermal processing such as baking, steaming or frying, cooling, finishing, packaging, cleaning, utilities, and conditional controlled storage.

The category includes filled and unfilled pastries, cakes, Chinese pastries, and comparable products whose finished identity is a pastry good or cake. It excludes bread and other bakers' wares classified outside this category, biscuits, waffles, wafers, gingerbread, confectionery, raw dough sold as an intermediate, and food-service preparation after the packaged product leaves the manufacturing gate.

The Tiangong product flow Chinese Pastry / 中式糕点 is the selected representative reference identity. It demonstrates a relevant product within the category but does not define a default recipe, filling, leavening route, technology, package, or market mix. Every foreground data package shall therefore use product- and formulation-specific collection and shall disclose whether the represented product is yeast-leavened, chemically leavened, unleavened, baked, steamed, fried, filled, coated, chilled, frozen, or ambient-stable.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.grain-mill-products-starches-and-starch-products-other-food-products.pastry-goods-and-cakes
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 23430, Pastry goods and cakes, exact scope context
covered_products	Fresh or preserved pastry goods and cakes, including filled or unfilled pastries, cakes, and Chinese pastries, when delivered as finished food products
excluded_products	Bread and other bakers' wares outside the category; gingerbread, sweet biscuits, waffles and wafers; confectionery; raw dough sold as an intermediate; food-service preparation
representative_product	Chinese Pastry / 中式糕点; representative identity only, not a representative recipe or quantitative default
production_route	Ingredient receipt and weighing; mixing; forming/filling; conditional resting or fermentation; baking, steaming, frying, or other thermal setting; cooling/finishing; packaging; cleaning and utilities; conditional controlled storage
market_state	Net saleable finished product at the manufacturing gate, with preservation, package format, and storage condition declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	A declared pastry good or cake that is safe, saleable, and ready for the stated market and storage condition
How much	1 kg net product mass, excluding secondary and tertiary transport packaging unless explicitly included in the declared product
How well	Conforming to the declared product specification, formulation, filling or topping, moisture/preservation state, package format, and applicable food-safety requirements
How long or cycle	One completed production and packaging cycle to the manufacturing gate; shelf life is a required qualifier but is not a service-duration multiplier
reference_flow_link	The reference flow is the 1 kg net saleable output of cooling_finishing_and_packaging

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg net saleable pastry good or cake
Reference product flow	Chinese Pastry / 中式糕点 06ce1f04-75f8-43b5-bea0-af398fdd46b4
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	product subtype; recipe/formulation identifier; ingredient and allergen profile; filling/topping/coating; leavening route; thermal process route; net moisture or preservation state; package format and included packaging layers; production site and geography; storage condition and shelf life; represented production period; allocation choices

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_net_mass	Reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Normalize all reported amounts to 1 kg net saleable finished product; exclude transport packaging from net product mass and report included packaging separately.
batch_normalization	Batch and line records	Mass	kg/kg reference product	Divide batch inputs, outputs, losses, utilities, and emissions by measured net conforming product output from the same represented batch or reconciled period.
recipe_mass_basis	Ingredients and process water	Mass	kg	Record actual as-used ingredient mass, including added water, fillings, coatings, decorations, processing aids retained in product, and recirculated material; distinguish dry-matter or concentrate conversions explicitly.
energy_carrier_separation	Electricity, steam, fuels, and heat	Energy or fuel mass/volume	kWh, MJ, kg, or m3	Preserve measured carrier and unit; convert only with a documented factor and do not combine electricity with thermal energy before inventory modelling.
packaging_mass_separation	Primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging	Mass	kg	Record each material and packaging level separately and state which levels are inside the declared manufacturing-gate boundary.
moisture_and_yield_consistency	Prepared mix, thermally processed product, and finished product	Mass	kg	Reconcile moisture change, retained filling/coating, rejects, rework, and saleable output so that yield and mass-balance calculations use the same product state.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Ingredients, processing aids, packaging materials, utilities, and purchased intermediates received at the manufacturing site with quantity, supplier/geography, and incoming product state declared
starting_condition_role	Incoming product and utility inputs to the foreground manufacturing system
product_classification_scope	Pastry goods and cakes as a semantic product category; CPC 3.0 code 23430 is classification context and does not by itself establish an accepted mapping
recursive_input_rule	A purchased pastry good or cake used as an ingredient or intermediate is recorded once as an incoming product flow with an upstream supplier-gate dataset; do not recursively reproduce its manufacturing processes inside the receiving foreground system
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link representative upstream datasets for flour and other cereals, sugar/syrups, fats/oils, eggs, dairy, nuts/seeds, cocoa/fruit/fillings, additives, packaging, electricity, fuels/heat, water supply, wastewater and waste treatment, and transport included by the study
disclosure	Declare recipe/formulation, production route and equipment, site/geography, product and package state, represented period and product mix, yields and rework, energy and water coverage, direct emissions, waste treatment, cold-chain condition, and allocation choices

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_manufacturing_gate	Foreground manufacturing	Include all foreground operations from receipt and weighing of ingredients through net saleable packaged product at the manufacturing gate, including cleaning, utilities, rejects, wastewater, direct emissions, and onsite treatment.	epd-food-beverage-pcr-2025-03; eu-fdm-bref-2019
boundary_upstream_links	Purchased inputs	Represent upstream raw-material, energy, water, packaging, transport, and treatment burdens through linked datasets; do not treat purchased inputs as burden-free.	eu-pef-2021-2279
boundary_downstream_default	Distribution, retail, use, and end of life	Exclude downstream stages from this foreground manufacturing package unless the declared study explicitly extends the boundary; any extension shall report the additional stages separately.	eu-pef-2021-2279; epd-food-beverage-pcr-2025-03
boundary_route_conditionals	Product-specific operations	Include fermentation/proofing, frying, chilling/freezing, filling/coating, controlled storage, and emission controls only when the represented formulation and route use them; record non-applicability explicitly.	us-epa-bakery-act-1992; eu-fdm-bref-2019
boundary_product_specificity	Representative product	Do not apply the Chinese Pastry identity as a default recipe or inventory; collect product-, formulation-, site-, and period-specific foreground data.	china-gb-7099-2015; china-gb-8957-2016

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
formulation_and_mixing	Formulation, weighing, and mixing	required	Always included	Convert measured recipe inputs into prepared batter, dough, or pastry mass	kg prepared mass
fermentation_and_resting	Fermentation, proofing, or controlled resting	conditional	Include when the declared formulation requires yeast action, proofing, resting, lamination conditioning, or controlled temperature/humidity	Condition prepared mass before thermal processing	kg conditioned mass
forming_and_thermal_processing	Forming, filling, and thermal processing	required	Always included; select the actual baking, steaming, frying, or other route	Produce thermally set pastry or cake and capture process losses and direct emissions	kg thermally processed product
cooling_finishing_and_packaging	Cooling, finishing, and packaging	required	Always included	Produce the net saleable reference product and packaging inventory	1 kg net saleable product
cleaning_and_utility_support	Cleaning, sanitation, and utility support	required	Always included and allocated to represented production	Capture process water, cleaning agents, utility use, wastewater, and residues	kg net saleable product supported
conditioned_storage	Chilled, frozen, or humidity-controlled onsite storage	conditional	Include when controlled storage occurs before the manufacturing gate	Maintain declared product state before dispatch	kg product × declared storage duration

Process: Formulation, weighing, and mixing (formulation_and_mixing)

Inputs

Product flows

Product-specific recipe ingredients (recipe_ingredients)

Record each actual ingredient separately from batch formulation and issue records, including flour/starch, sugars/syrups, fats/oils, eggs, dairy, nuts/seeds, fruit/cocoa, fillings, leavening agents, additives, salt, and retained processing aids.

• Selected flow: Product-specific ingredient flow; UUID selected during foreground package construction
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured as-used mass issued to the represented batch or reconciled production period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe_and_batch_mass
• Sources: epd-food-beverage-pcr-2025-03
• Range: Provisional recipe-input mass-balance screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.5
  • Upper: 2.5
  • Unit: kg ingredients/kg net saleable product
  • Basis: aggregate as-used ingredient mass before moisture loss and waste
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Added recipe and process water (recipe_water)

Record water intentionally added to batter, dough, syrup, fillings, steam contact, or other product-forming steps separately from cleaning water.

• Selected flow: Process water; UUID selected during foreground package construction
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered or batch-formula water added to the product-forming process
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe_and_batch_mass
• Sources: eu-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional added-water screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1.5
  • Unit: kg water/kg net saleable product
  • Basis: water added before product moisture loss
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Mixing electricity (mixing_electricity)

Record electricity for weighing, conveying, sieving, mixing, whipping, milling, pumping, and local controls.

• Selected flow: Site electricity supply; UUID selected during foreground package construction
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Submetered use or calculated from measured equipment power and operating time
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_fuel
• Sources: eu-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional mixing-electricity screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kWh/kg net saleable product
  • Basis: broad candidate range across manual and mechanized preparation routes
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared batter, dough, or pastry mass (prepared_mix)

Record measured prepared mass transferred to forming, resting, fermentation, or thermal processing.

• Selected flow: Product-specific prepared intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured transfer mass or mass-balance calculation from batch records
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe_and_batch_mass
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Waste flows

Preparation losses and non-reused residues (preparation_waste)

Record spilled ingredients, trim, expired premixes, filter residues, and prepared mass not returned as documented rework.

• Selected flow: Product-specific food-production waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured waste by destination; exclude documented same-product rework returned within the represented system
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_yield_waste_and_rework
• Range: Provisional preparation-loss screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.3
  • Unit: kg waste/kg net saleable product
  • Basis: non-reused preparation losses
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Fermentation, proofing, or controlled resting (fermentation_and_resting)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared product mass for conditioning (conditioning_input)

Record the prepared batter or dough entering the conditional conditioning step.

• Selected flow: Product-specific prepared intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured transferred mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg conditioned output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe_and_batch_mass
• Sources: us-epa-bakery-act-1992

Conditioning electricity or heat (conditioning_energy)

Record energy for proof boxes, resting rooms, humidity control, dough cooling, or lamination conditioning.

• Selected flow: Site-specific electricity, steam, or heat carrier
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh or MJ
• Amount rule: Metered use or equipment power/fuel consumption multiplied by operating time
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_fuel
• Sources: us-epa-bakery-act-1992; eu-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional conditioning-energy screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 3
  • Unit: kWh-equivalent/kg net saleable product
  • Basis: broad candidate range for route screening; retain actual carrier in the inventory
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Conditioned batter or dough (conditioned_mix)

Record conditioned product transferred to forming or thermal processing, with yeast dosage and action time retained when applicable.

• Selected flow: Product-specific conditioned intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured transferred mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg conditioned output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fermentation_parameters
• Sources: us-epa-bakery-act-1992

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Fermentation carbon dioxide to air (fermentation_co2)

For yeast-leavened products, report biogenic carbon dioxide from fermentation when required by the selected modelling method; distinguish it from fossil combustion emissions.

• Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, biogenic, to air; UUID selected during foreground package construction
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured or calculated from documented fermentation chemistry and recipe records; otherwise disclose as unresolved
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Sources: us-epa-bakery-act-1992

Process: Forming, filling, and thermal processing (forming_and_thermal_processing)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared or conditioned product mass (thermal_process_input)

Record the mass entering forming, filling, baking, steaming, frying, or other thermal setting.

• Selected flow: Product-specific prepared or conditioned intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured transfer mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg thermally processed output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_yield_waste_and_rework
• Sources: us-epa-bakery-act-1992

Thermal energy and process fuel (thermal_energy)

Record each electricity, steam, gas, oil, biomass, or other energy carrier used for ovens, steamers, fryers, hot plates, and thermal controls separately.

• Selected flow: Site-specific electricity, fuel, steam, or heat carrier
• Flow property / unit: Energy or fuel quantity / kWh, MJ, kg, or m3
• Amount rule: Metered carrier consumption or calculated consumption from calibrated equipment and operating records
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_fuel
• Sources: eu-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional thermal-energy screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 30
  • Unit: MJ delivered energy/kg net saleable product
  • Basis: broad candidate range across baking, steaming, and frying routes; preserve actual carrier
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Frying-oil make-up (frying_oil_makeup)

For fried products, record fresh oil charged and net oil retained or removed; report circulation stock separately from net consumption.

• Selected flow: Product-specific frying oil
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Fresh oil additions minus measured recoverable oil inventory change, reconciled with oil retained in product and spent oil
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe_and_batch_mass
• Range: Provisional frying-oil screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.5
  • Unit: kg net oil input/kg net saleable product
  • Basis: applies only to fried routes
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Thermally processed pastry or cake (thermally_processed_product)

Record measured conforming and nonconforming output after thermal setting and before finishing/packaging.

• Selected flow: Product-specific thermally processed pastry or cake
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured output mass at the declared post-process moisture state
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg thermally processed output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_yield_waste_and_rework
• Sources: china-gb-7099-2015

Waste flows

Thermal-processing rejects and spent oil (thermal_process_waste)

Record scorched, underprocessed, broken, or contaminated product and spent frying oil separately by treatment destination.

• Selected flow: Product-specific food waste or spent oil waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured non-reused waste mass by waste type and destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_yield_waste_and_rework
• Range: Provisional thermal-reject screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.4
  • Unit: kg waste/kg net saleable product
  • Basis: non-reused thermal-processing losses
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Bakery-oven volatile organic compounds to air (oven_voc)

For yeast-raised baked products within the scope of the cited EPA method, calculate or measure oven VOC emissions from product-specific yeast dosage and action-time records. For other cakes and pastries, do not apply the EPA equation by analogy; use measured or jurisdiction-appropriate evidence or disclose the gap.

• Selected flow: Volatile organic compounds to air; UUID selected during foreground package construction
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Site measurement or calc_yeast_baking_voc when its applicability conditions are satisfied
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-9-9-6; us-epa-bakery-act-1992

Process: Cooling, finishing, and packaging (cooling_finishing_and_packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Thermally processed product and post-bake components (finishing_input)

Record the thermally processed base plus product-specific fillings, coatings, glazes, decorations, and other components added after thermal processing.

• Selected flow: Product-specific thermally processed product and finishing ingredients
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured transfer and addition mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe_and_batch_mass
• Sources: china-gb-7099-2015

Packaging materials (packaging_materials)

Record primary, secondary, and included tertiary packaging by material, component, recycled content, and package level.

• Selected flow: Material-specific packaging flow; UUID selected during foreground package construction
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Packaging bill of materials reconciled with issued components and packaged saleable units
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_bom
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279; epd-food-beverage-pcr-2025-03
• Range: Provisional packaging-mass screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.6
  • Unit: kg packaging/kg net saleable product
  • Basis: all packaging levels included in the declared manufacturing-gate boundary
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Cooling, finishing, and packaging electricity (finishing_electricity)

Record electricity for cooling fans/tunnels, conveyors, pumps, coating, slicing, metal detection, sealing, coding, and packaging equipment.

• Selected flow: Site electricity supply; UUID selected during foreground package construction
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Submetered use or calculated from measured power and operating time
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_fuel
• Sources: eu-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional finishing-electricity screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 2
  • Unit: kWh/kg net saleable product
  • Basis: broad candidate range across ambient and mechanically cooled routes
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Net saleable pastry good or cake (reference_product)

This is the quantitative reference output. Record only conforming net product mass and retain package count and gross mass as supporting records.

• Selected flow: Chinese Pastry / 中式糕点 06ce1f04-75f8-43b5-bea0-af398fdd46b4
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: PCR reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)

Waste flows

Finishing rejects and packaging waste (finishing_packaging_waste)

Record non-reused product rejects and packaging scrap separately by material and destination.

• Selected flow: Product-specific food waste and material-specific packaging waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured waste mass by type and treatment destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_yield_waste_and_rework
• Range: Provisional finishing-and-packaging waste screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.3
  • Unit: kg waste/kg net saleable product
  • Basis: non-reused product and packaging waste
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Cleaning, sanitation, and utility support (cleaning_and_utility_support)

Inputs

Product flows

Cleaning and sanitation water (cleaning_water)

Record water used for wet cleaning, rinsing, sanitation, clean-in-place systems, and utility support; distinguish it from recipe water.

• Selected flow: Process water; UUID selected during foreground package construction
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg or volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered use or justified allocation from a site meter to represented production
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_cleaning_and_wastewater
• Sources: eu-fdm-bref-2019; china-gb-8957-2016
• Range: Provisional cleaning-water screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 30
  • Unit: kg water/kg net saleable product
  • Basis: broad candidate range across dry-cleaning and wet-cleaning facilities
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Cleaning and sanitation agents (cleaning_agents)

Record formulated detergents, disinfectants, and other cleaning chemicals as purchased products, including concentration used for dilution calculations.

• Selected flow: Product-specific cleaning agent
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Stock issue or purchase reconciliation corrected for inventory change and dilution
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_cleaning_and_wastewater
• Sources: china-gb-8957-2016; eu-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional cleaning-agent screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.2
  • Unit: kg formulated agent/kg net saleable product
  • Basis: purchased formulated cleaning and sanitation agents
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Wastewater from cleaning and production (process_wastewater)

Record discharged wastewater by destination and available pollutant load; keep onsite treatment inputs and sludge in the foreground when present.

• Selected flow: Wastewater to treatment
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg or volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered discharge or water balance corrected for product water, evaporation, and other outlets
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_cleaning_and_wastewater
• Sources: eu-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional wastewater-volume screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 30
  • Unit: kg wastewater/kg net saleable product
  • Basis: wastewater leaving the foreground manufacturing system
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Chilled, frozen, or humidity-controlled onsite storage (conditioned_storage)

Inputs

Product flows

Storage electricity (storage_electricity)

Record electricity for refrigeration, freezing, humidity control, circulation fans, defrosting, and local controls before dispatch.

• Selected flow: Site electricity supply; UUID selected during foreground package construction
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered use allocated by product occupancy, mass, time, temperature zone, and shared capacity
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Scenario-specific (scenario_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable product for the declared onsite storage duration
• Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_storage_and_refrigerant
• Sources: eu-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional onsite-storage electricity screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 3
  • Unit: kWh/kg net saleable product
  • Basis: declared onsite controlled-storage duration
  • Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Product released from controlled storage (stored_product)

Record saleable product released at the same net-mass basis, subtracting storage losses.

• Selected flow: Chinese Pastry / 中式糕点 06ce1f04-75f8-43b5-bea0-af398fdd46b4
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured released mass reconciled with storage rejects and inventory change
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_storage_and_refrigerant

Waste flows

Storage rejects (storage_rejects)

Record damaged, temperature-abused, expired, or otherwise rejected product by destination.

• Selected flow: Product-specific food waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured rejected mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_storage_and_refrigerant
• Range: Provisional storage-loss screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.2
  • Unit: kg reject/kg net saleable product
  • Basis: onsite controlled-storage losses
  • Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Refrigerant emissions to air (refrigerant_loss)

Record refrigerant leakage attributable to controlled storage from maintenance and recharge records, differentiated by refrigerant substance.

• Selected flow: Refrigerant-specific emission to air; UUID selected during foreground package construction
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Inventory-balance or verified recharge loss allocated to represented product storage
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable product for the declared onsite storage duration
• Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_storage_and_refrigerant
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivide_first	Shared lines, ovens, utilities, cleaning, and packaging	Avoid allocation by collecting batch-, line-, equipment-, or product-specific data and subdividing independently measurable operations.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_physical_second	Unavoidable shared burdens	When subdivision is not feasible, allocate using a documented causal physical relationship such as measured equipment time, delivered energy, cleaned surface/operation, product mass, or controlled-storage occupancy and duration.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_other_last	Remaining multifunctionality	Use another relationship, including economic allocation, only after documenting why subdivision and a relevant physical relationship are not feasible; disclose data period, price basis, and sensitivity.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_rework_and_losses	Rework, rejects, edible residues, and sold by-products	Treat same-product rework returned within the represented system as an internal loop; report net losses. Treat a residue as a co-product only when it leaves with a documented function and destination, and apply the allocation hierarchy.	epd-food-beverage-pcr-2025-03; eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_product_mix	Multiple recipes or package formats	Do not apply an unweighted site average to a specific product. Use product-specific data or a production-mass-weighted mix whose recipes, package formats, quantities, and represented period are disclosed.	eu-pef-2021-2279

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_recipe_and_batch_mass	formulation_and_mixing; fermentation_and_resting; forming_and_thermal_processing; cooling_finishing_and_packaging	Ingredients, water, intermediate transfers, finishing components, frying oil	Approved recipe, scale record, issue ticket, batch log	product_id; recipe_version; batch_id; ingredient_id; as_used_mass; water_mass; transfer_mass; rework_mass; timestamp	Calibrated scales, dosing meters, and reconciled batch records	kg	Each batch, aggregated for the represented period	Complete declared representative production period and all included recipe variants	All sites and lines represented by the dataset	Sum inputs and transfers by product/recipe; normalize to measured net saleable output; no substitution of the Chinese Pastry description for actual recipe records	Calibration records; recipe approvals; batch reconciliation; exception log
cp_yield_waste_and_rework	all manufacturing processes	Conforming output, rejects, residues, rework, waste destinations	Scale record, production report, waste manifest	batch_id; process_id; input_mass; conforming_output_mass; rework_in; rework_out; waste_mass; waste_type; destination; moisture_state	Calibrated scales and destination-specific waste records	kg	Each batch or shift	Same period as recipe and output data	Each represented line/site	Reconcile process and overall mass balance; internal rework counted once; normalize net waste by reference output	Scale calibration; signed waste records; mass-balance reconciliation
cp_energy_and_fuel	formulation_and_mixing; fermentation_and_resting; forming_and_thermal_processing; cooling_finishing_and_packaging; cleaning_and_utility_support	Electricity, fuels, steam, and delivered heat	Meter, invoice, fuel issue, equipment runtime	meter_id; carrier; opening_reading; closing_reading; fuel_quantity; power; runtime; production_mass; allocation_driver	Submeter preferred; otherwise calibrated runtime model reconciled to site totals	Native carrier unit and kWh or MJ after documented conversion	Continuous, batch, shift, or billing period	Same representative period as production, including relevant seasonal operating conditions	Each represented site and shared utility system	Direct metering first; otherwise allocate by causal driver under section 7 and reconcile to site totals	Meter calibration; invoices; conversion factors; reconciliation residual and explanation
cp_packaging_bom	cooling_finishing_and_packaging	Packaging materials and scrap	Packaging BOM, issue record, unit count, scrap record	product_id; package_format; component_id; material; unit_mass; units_used; recycled_content; scrap_mass; packaging_level	Component weighing and BOM reconciliation	kg	Each package format or controlled BOM change	All package formats included in the represented mix	Each represented packaging line/site	Component mass × units used plus measured scrap; normalize to net saleable product mass	BOM approval; component specifications; sample weights; issue reconciliation
cp_water_cleaning_and_wastewater	cleaning_and_utility_support	Cleaning water, agents, wastewater, sludge	Water meter, cleaning log, chemical issue, discharge record	water_in; recipe_water; cleaning_water; agent_mass; dilution; wastewater_volume; pollutant_load; sludge_mass; destination	Metering and inventory balance; sampling where available	kg, m3, and pollutant-specific units	Shift, cleaning event, or meter period	Same representative period as production	Each represented site and treatment system	Separate recipe water; allocate shared cleaning by causal cleaning activity; reconcile water inputs and outputs	Meter calibration; cleaning schedule; chemical inventory; discharge/sampling records
cp_fermentation_parameters	fermentation_and_resting; forming_and_thermal_processing	Yeast dosage, yeast action time, product applicability, oven VOC	Recipe, proofing log, process control record, stack test	product_id; yeast_type; initial_yeast_percent; initial_action_time_h; spike_yeast_percent; spike_action_time_h; leavening_route; oven_id; measured_voc	Recipe and control-system records; stack testing where available	%, h, kg VOC	Each applicable recipe and campaign	All yeast-raised baked products represented	Each applicable oven and product route	Apply EPA equation only when scope conditions are satisfied; otherwise use measured or jurisdiction-specific method	Approved recipe; timestamped controls; applicability review; stack-test report
cp_storage_and_refrigerant	conditioned_storage	Storage electricity, duration, rejects, refrigerant loss	Zone meter, warehouse inventory, maintenance and recharge log	zone_id; temperature; humidity; product_mass; entry_time; exit_time; electricity; refrigerant_type; charge; recharge; recovered_mass; reject_mass	Zone metering, inventory records, and refrigerant mass balance	kWh, kg, h or day	Continuous or each storage event; maintenance event	Declared onsite storage period within the representative production period	Each controlled zone serving represented product	Allocate electricity by causal occupancy/time/capacity model; calculate refrigerant loss from verified inventory balance	Meter calibration; temperature logs; service records; refrigerant invoices and recovery certificates

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	All foreground rows	Normalized amount = period or batch amount / net saleable reference-product mass from the same scope	Collected flow amount; net saleable mass	Amount per 1 kg reference product	eu-pef-2021-2279
calc_mass_balance	Each process and complete foreground system	Reconcile input mass = saleable output + co-product output + waste + direct mass emissions + inventory change; identify moisture transfer/evaporation separately and explain any residual	Ingredient/intermediate mass; output; waste; emissions; inventory change; moisture	Reconciled yield, losses, and residual disclosure	eu-pef-2021-2279
calc_energy_intensity	Energy-consuming processes	Carrier intensity = measured carrier use attributable to product / net saleable product mass; retain each carrier separately	Meter/fuel records; allocation driver; net saleable mass	kWh, MJ, kg, or m3 per kg product	eu-fdm-bref-2019
calc_packaging_intensity	Packaging	Packaging intensity by component = component unit mass × units used / net saleable product mass; add measured scrap separately	Component mass; unit count; net product mass; scrap	kg component and kg scrap per kg product	eu-pef-2021-2279
calc_water_balance	Recipe, cleaning, and wastewater	Reconcile incoming water with water retained in product, evaporation, wastewater, and other documented outlets; do not infer cleaning water from recipe water	Water meters; recipe water; product moisture; wastewater; evaporation estimate	Water-use and wastewater intensity with residual	eu-fdm-bref-2019
calc_yeast_baking_voc	Yeast-raised baked products within EPA scope	VOC EF [lb VOC/short ton baked product] = 0.95 × Yi + 0.195 × ti - 0.51 × S - 0.86 × ts + 1.90; convert to kg/kg and multiply by product output. Yi and S are initial and spike baker's yeast percentages; ti and ts are their action times in hours.	Product applicability; Yi; ti; S; ts; baked-product mass	Product-specific oven VOC to air	us-epa-ap42-9-9-6; us-epa-bakery-act-1992
calc_refrigerant_loss	Controlled storage	Refrigerant loss = opening inventory + purchases/recharge - closing inventory - recovered/transferred mass, allocated to represented product by documented causal storage driver	Refrigerant inventory and service records; allocation driver	kg refrigerant emitted per kg product	eu-pef-2021-2279

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	Reference product and inputs	Use the declared product/recipe/package identity and verified Tiangong reference UUID; do not infer recipe or process data from the representative Chinese Pastry description	Product specification; approved recipe; package BOM; Tiangong UUID readback evidence retained outside PCR content
dq_technology_geography_time	All foreground data	Document technological, geographical, and time representativeness and explain any proxy, shared-site allocation, missing period, or excluded route	Dataset metadata; site/line list; represented period; process description; representativeness assessment
dq_measurement_traceability	Mass, energy, water, packaging, waste, and emissions	Retain calibrated measurement or reconciled source records and document conversion factors, allocation drivers, and residuals	Calibration certificates; meters; invoices; batch logs; reconciliations; sampling or test reports
dq_completeness	Complete foreground system	Cover every required process and explicitly mark conditional processes applicable or not applicable; account for major recipe inputs, utilities, packaging, waste, wastewater, and direct emissions	Completeness checklist; process map; mass/energy/water reconciliations; non-applicability justifications
dq_uncertainty_and_estimates	Estimated and modelled values	Label modelled values and provisional ranges; report method, input uncertainty, and replacement plan. reasoned_estimate ranges are QA priors, not default foreground values	Calculation workbook; uncertainty note; review record; source replacement action
dq_source_currency	External rules and factors	Verify source status and applicability at dataset release; replace superseded regulatory, PCR, or emission-factor methods when the declared jurisdiction or programme requires newer rules	Source register; retrieval date; applicability and currency review

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	Reference flow	The reference product UUID, Mass flow-property UUID, mass unit-group UUID, and kg unit shall match section 3, and the normalized reference output shall equal 1 kg net saleable product.
validate_required_qualifiers	Dataset metadata	Every required qualifier in section 3 shall be present; the representative Chinese Pastry flow shall not substitute for product-specific recipe, route, package, or storage declarations.	china-gb-7099-2015; china-gb-8957-2016
validate_process_coverage	Process inventory	All required processes shall contain collected or calculated foreground values; each conditional process shall be marked applicable with data or not applicable with justification.	eu-fdm-bref-2019
validate_mass_balance	Each process and complete system	Inputs, product/co-product outputs, waste, direct mass emissions, inventory change, and moisture transfer shall be reconciled on consistent product states; any residual shall be quantified and explained.	eu-pef-2021-2279
validate_energy_water_packaging	Major inventory drivers	Electricity, each thermal-energy carrier, recipe water, cleaning water, wastewater, and packaging shall be separately reported or explicitly justified as not applicable.	eu-fdm-bref-2019; epd-food-beverage-pcr-2025-03
validate_allocation	Shared processes and co-products	The dataset shall document the selected allocation hierarchy step, driver, scope, and sensitivity where another relationship is used; unweighted site averages shall fail product-specific validation.	eu-pef-2021-2279
validate_oven_voc_applicability	Yeast-raised baked products	EPA oven-VOC calculation may be used only when product and process applicability, yeast percentages, and action times are documented; otherwise measured or jurisdiction-appropriate evidence is required or the gap shall be disclosed.	us-epa-ap42-9-9-6; us-epa-bakery-act-1992
validate_data_quality	Published dataset candidate	Technology, geography, time, completeness, precision/uncertainty, documentation, and review evidence shall be disclosed; provisional reasoned estimates shall not be silently promoted to measured data.	eu-pef-2021-2279

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Product- and formulation-specific foreground manufacturing dataset for pastry goods and cakes
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset when reviewed, representative, and linked to upstream and treatment datasets
allowed_use	Manufacturing-gate inventory modelling for the declared product, recipe, technology, site/geography, package, storage condition, and represented period; aggregation into a declared production mix when weighting is documented
excluded_use	Default recipe or global category average; direct substitution for bread, biscuits, waffles, confectionery, or raw dough; consumer-use or end-of-life claims outside an explicitly extended boundary; comparative claims without programme-specific review
required_metadata	PCR id; reference UUIDs; product subtype; recipe/formulation version; ingredient/allergen profile; leavening and thermal route; filling/topping/coating; preservation and moisture state; package format; net and gross mass; site/geography; represented period and product mix; storage condition/shelf life; process applicability; allocation choices; source versions
required_quality_disclosure	Foreground versus secondary data shares; measurement and calibration evidence; technology/geography/time representativeness; mass/energy/water reconciliation; allocation drivers; proxy datasets; missing flows; uncertainty; provisional reasoned estimates; source applicability; review status
update_trigger	Recipe or supplier change; material package change; different leavening/thermal or storage route; equipment or site change; material energy/water/waste change; new direct-emission evidence; source or regulatory revision; review finding; loss of representativeness

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
epd-food-beverage-pcr-2025-03	standard	EPD International, PCR 2025:03 Food and beverage products (main PCR), version 1.0.1, valid to 2030-07-14, https://www.environdec.com/pcr-library/pcr_fbd3e8c6-483c-48f5-d22f-08da0b49f7f5 (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Sector-level declared-unit, foreground boundary, packaging, dataset profile, and update context
eu-pef-2021-2279	official_guidance	European Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279, Annex I Product Environmental Footprint method, OJ L 471, 30.12.2021, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/oj/eng (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Life-cycle boundary, allocation hierarchy, company-specific data quality, representativeness, and validation
eu-fdm-bref-2019	official_guidance	European Commission JRC, Best Available Techniques Reference Document for the Food, Drink and Milk Industries, 2019, DOI 10.2760/243911, https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ef80e416-329c-11ea-ba6e-01aa75ed71a1/language-en (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Food-manufacturing process coverage, energy, water, wastewater, cleaning, emissions, and monitoring records
us-epa-ap42-9-9-6	method_factor	US EPA, AP-42 Section 9.9.6 Bread Baking, February 1997, https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-10/documents/c9s09-6.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Conditional VOC emission equation for applicable yeast-raised baked products
us-epa-bakery-act-1992	official_guidance	US EPA, Alternative Control Technology Document for Bakery Oven Emissions, EPA-453/R-92-017, December 1992, https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-10/documents/rel_c09s0906.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Conditional dough/fermentation/baking process decomposition, oven-emission sources, and AP-42 applicability limits
china-gb-7099-2015	standard	GB 7099-2015, National Food Safety Standard — Pastry and Bread; current listing verified in NHC food-safety standards catalogue through September 2025, https://www.nhc.gov.cn/sps/c100087/202601/b8bc7bf0fd6243c1914d8c0708d9929a/files/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%EF%BC%88%E6%88%AA%E8%87%B32025%E5%B9%B49%E6%9C%88%E5%85%B11725%E9%A1%B9%EF%BC%89.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Product identity, conformity, and product-specific qualifier context; no LCA default amounts
china-gb-8957-2016	standard	GB 8957-2016, National Food Safety Standard — Hygienic Practice for Pastry and Bread; current listing verified in NHC food-safety standards catalogue through September 2025, same official catalogue URL as above (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Route disclosure, sanitation/cleaning process inclusion, records, and validation context; no LCA default amounts