Refined cane or beet sugar, in solid form, containing added flavouring or colouring matter; maple sugar and maple syrup

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers exactly one declared product family in each foreground data package:

• Family A: solid refined cane or beet sugar containing added flavouring or colouring matter. The foreground boundary starts with purchased refined sugar and includes ingredient receipt, formulation, mixing or coating, drying only when the formulation requires it, cleaning, and packaging.
• Family B: maple syrup or solid maple sugar. The foreground boundary starts with receipt of maple sap and includes filtration, evaporation/concentration, cleaning, packaging, and crystallization only for solid maple sugar.

The two families shall not be combined in one foreground process system and shall not be assumed to occur together. The producer shall declare product_family: A or product_family: B; Family B shall also declare maple_product_state: syrup or maple_product_state: solid_sugar. Upstream production of refined cane/beet sugar and cultivation, tapping, or collection of maple sap are outside the foreground boundary and require separate upstream datasets. Sugar confectionery, unflavoured/uncoloured refined sugar sold without further formulation, artificial maple-flavoured syrups, maple cream, maple taffy, and other maple confections are excluded.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.grain-mill-products-starches-and-starch-products-other-food-products.refined-cane-or-beet-sugar-in-solid-form-containing-added-flavouring-or-colouring-matte-09d71d87
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 23530
covered_products	Family A formulated solid refined cane or beet sugar with added flavouring or colouring matter; Family B maple syrup and solid maple sugar
excluded_products	Unflavoured and uncoloured refined sugar; raw sugar; molasses; artificial maple-flavoured syrup; maple cream, taffy, candy, and other sugar confectionery
representative_product	Packaged maple syrup at the manufacturing gate; the concrete dataset shall replace this representative identity with its single declared product
production_route	Mutually exclusive Family A purchased-refined-sugar formulation route or Family B received-maple-sap concentration route
market_state	Packaged solid formulated sugar, packaged maple sugar, or packaged maple syrup at the manufacturing gate

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Supply of one declared packaged product covered by this PCR at the manufacturing gate
How much	1 kg net product, excluding packaging
How well	Meets the declared formulation, physical state, soluble-solids or moisture specification, food-safety release criteria, and market specification
How long or cycle	One completed manufacturing batch or campaign normalized to 1 kg released product
reference_flow_link	Net mass of the single released product after final quality hold and before distribution

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Maple syrup
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	product_family A or B; exact product name; cane sugar, beet sugar, or declared blend for Family A; flavouring and colouring status for Family A; syrup or solid_sugar for Family B; maple species or sap source; formulation code; drying applied or not; filtration technology; reverse osmosis applied or not; evaporator and heat technology; fuel types; packaging configuration; geography; reporting period

The concrete foreground data package shall use one exact product flow for its declared product. Maple syrup is the representative identity because no exact Tiangong UUID was resolved during authoring; the UUID gap is registered in the manifest and shall be closed before review or publication.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Normalize all exchanges to 1 kg net released product; packaging mass is excluded from the reference amount and recorded separately.
route_specific_denominator	all inventory rows	Mass or energy as stated by the row	kg, kWh, or MJ	Use only the selected family and product-state route in the denominator; do not average Family A and Family B or syrup and solid maple sugar.
wet_dry_mass_disclosure	sugar and maple product masses	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	State whether each mass is as-received, wet, dry, or net packaged mass and retain the corresponding moisture or soluble-solids test record.
fuel_energy_conversion	each on-site fuel	Energy	MJ	Retain purchased mass or volume, density when needed, and net calorific value; calculate energy separately for each fuel without combining fuel ledgers.
electricity_and_heat_separation	electricity, steam, and heat	Energy	kWh or MJ	Record purchased electricity, purchased steam, purchased heat, and internally generated heat or steam as separate exchanges; document every conversion factor.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Family A: purchased refined cane or beet sugar accepted at the formulation site. Family B: maple sap accepted at the sugarhouse or processing site.
starting_condition_role	Foreground gate input; upstream production is represented by linked supplier or background datasets.
product_classification_scope	One declared product within CPC 3.0 subclass 23530; the subclass contains two methodologically distinct product families.
recursive_input_rule	If a same-category intermediate crosses the boundary, record its exact product identity and supplier dataset once and exclude the upstream processes already represented by that dataset; do not recursively reapply this PCR.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Family A requires upstream datasets for refined cane sugar, refined beet sugar, ingredients, utilities, fuels, and packaging. Family B requires upstream datasets for maple sap, filtration materials, utilities, fuels, and packaging.
disclosure	Declare the selected family and product state, starting condition, included substeps, drying/crystallization/RO status, heat source and fuels, packaging bill of materials, site, period, and any excluded or shared operation.

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
sb_route_exclusivity	foreground system	Model exactly one of Family A or Family B. Do not include inactive-family processes or assume both families occur.	unsd-cpc-3-0-structure-2024
sb_family_a_start	Family A	Start at purchased refined sugar receipt and include formulation, mixing or coating, conditional drying, cleaning, and packaging through released product.	unsd-cpc-3-0-structure-2024; eu-pef-method-2021
sb_family_b_start	Family B	Start at maple sap receipt and include filtration, evaporation/concentration, cleaning, packaging, and crystallization only for solid maple sugar.	cornell-maple-beginners-notebook-2019; penn-state-maple-syrup-production
sb_complete_foreground	selected route	Record all known material, water, energy, product, waste, wastewater, sludge, and direct elementary flows for included foreground operations.	eu-pef-method-2021
sb_stationary_combustion	on-site heat generation	Record each combusted fuel separately and calculate direct carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide; distinguish fossil and biogenic carbon dioxide.	ipcc-2006-stationary-combustion; checkoway-et-al-maple-footprint-2024

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
route_a_formulation	Family A formulation, mixing/coating, and conditional drying	conditional	Include only when product_family: A; drying rows apply only when drying occurs.	Foreground conversion of purchased refined sugar	kg formulated sugar leaving the operation
route_b_maple_processing	Family B sap filtration, evaporation, and conditional crystallization	conditional	Include only when product_family: B; crystallization output applies only to solid maple sugar.	Foreground conversion of received maple sap	kg maple syrup or maple sugar leaving the operation
onsite_heat_generation	On-site stationary heat or steam generation	conditional	Include when any selected-route operation combusts fuel on site.	Support-energy production and direct emissions	MJ useful heat or kg steam delivered
equipment_cleaning	Equipment cleaning and sanitation	required	Include cleaning attributable to the selected route and reporting period.	Shared foreground support process	kg released selected-route product
packaging	Route-specific final packaging	required	Include only packaging used for the single declared product.	Final foreground packaging and release	1 kg net released product

Process: Family A formulation, mixing/coating, and conditional drying (route_a_formulation)

Inputs

Product flows

Purchased refined cane sugar (a_refined_cane_sugar)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Refined cane sugar
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured accepted mass; zero when only beet sugar is used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg formulated sugar output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_route_a_bom

Purchased refined beet sugar (a_refined_beet_sugar)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Refined beet sugar
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured accepted mass; zero when only cane sugar is used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg formulated sugar output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_route_a_bom

Added flavouring (a_flavouring)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Food flavouring preparation
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured formulation addition by exact commercial ingredient
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg formulated sugar output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_route_a_bom

Added colour (a_colour)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Food colour additive
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured formulation addition by exact colour substance or preparation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg formulated sugar output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_route_a_bom

Anti-caking agent (a_anticaking_silica)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Silicon dioxide, food grade
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured formulation addition; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg formulated sugar output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_route_a_bom

Flavour or colour carrier (a_carrier_maltodextrin)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Maltodextrin
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured carrier addition; not applicable when the purchased preparation contains no separately added carrier
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg formulated sugar output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_route_a_bom

Formulation water (a_process_water)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Process water
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: metered or batch-weighed water added to liquid coating or formulation; not applicable for wholly dry mixing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg formulated sugar output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_route_a_operations

Electricity (a_electricity)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: submetered use for dosing, mixing, coating, conveying, ventilation, and drying when applicable
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg formulated sugar output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_route_a_operations

Purchased steam (a_purchased_steam)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Steam
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: metered purchased steam used in coating or drying; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg formulated sugar output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_route_a_operations

Purchased heat (a_purchased_heat)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Thermal energy
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: metered purchased heat used in coating or drying; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg formulated sugar output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_route_a_operations

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Formulated refined sugar ready for packaging (a_bulk_product)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Formulated refined sugar
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured accepted output after mixing/coating and after drying when drying applies
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per batch or campaign
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_route_a_operations

Waste flows

Family A product loss (a_product_loss)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Off-spec formulated sugar
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured spills, retained powder, coating overspray, rejects, and unrecovered start-up/shutdown sugar leaving as this single waste stream
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg formulated sugar output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_release

Elementary flows

Process: Family B sap filtration, evaporation, and conditional crystallization (route_b_maple_processing)

Inputs

Product flows

Received maple sap (b_maple_sap)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Maple sap
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured accepted sap mass at the foreground gate
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg maple product output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_route_b_operations
• Sources: cornell-maple-beginners-notebook-2019

Filter aid (b_filter_aid)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Diatomaceous earth, food grade
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured filter-aid addition; not applicable when no filter aid is used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg maple product output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_route_b_operations
• Sources: cornell-maple-beginners-notebook-2019

Disposable filter medium (b_filter_paper)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Cellulose filter paper
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured consumed filter-paper mass; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg maple product output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_route_b_operations
• Sources: penn-state-maple-syrup-production

Reusable filter medium make-up (b_filter_cloth)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Polyester filter cloth
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured make-up mass allocated over documented service life; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg maple product output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_route_b_operations
• Sources: penn-state-maple-syrup-production

Process water (b_process_water)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Process water
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: metered water used for filter preparation, backwash, or product-contact processing, excluding separately recorded cleaning water
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg maple product output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_route_b_operations

Electricity (b_electricity)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: submetered use for pumps, filtration, optional reverse osmosis, evaporation auxiliaries, and crystallization when applicable
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg maple product output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_route_b_operations
• Sources: checkoway-et-al-maple-footprint-2024

Purchased steam (b_purchased_steam)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Steam
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: metered purchased steam for evaporation or crystallization; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg maple product output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_route_b_operations

Purchased heat (b_purchased_heat)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Thermal energy
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: metered purchased heat for evaporation or crystallization; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg maple product output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_route_b_operations

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Bulk maple syrup (b_bulk_maple_syrup)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Maple syrup
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured accepted syrup output after concentration and final filtration; not applicable for solid maple sugar after complete further conversion
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per batch or campaign
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_route_b_operations
• Sources: cornell-maple-beginners-notebook-2019

Bulk granulated maple sugar (b_bulk_maple_sugar)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Granulated maple sugar
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured accepted sugar after syrup concentration, crystallization, stirring, and screening; applicable only to solid maple sugar
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per batch or campaign
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_route_b_operations
• Sources: cornell-maple-beginners-notebook-2019

Waste flows

Filtration residue (b_filtration_residue)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Sugar sand with spent diatomaceous earth
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured wet residue removed from syrup filtration; record sugar sand without filter aid as a separate dataset row when that is the actual waste
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg maple product output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_release
• Sources: penn-state-maple-syrup-production

Spent filter paper (b_spent_filter_paper)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Spent cellulose filter paper
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured discarded filter paper mass; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg maple product output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_release

Spent polyester filter cloth (b_spent_filter_cloth)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Spent polyester filter cloth
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured discarded cloth mass allocated to its recorded service; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg maple product output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_release

Maple-process wastewater (b_wastewater)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Wastewater from maple processing
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: metered or mass-balanced process wastewater excluding separately recorded cleaning wastewater
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg maple product output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_release

Family B syrup product loss (b_syrup_product_loss)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Off-spec maple syrup
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured off-spec maple syrup; applicable only when Family B produces syrup
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg maple product output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_release

Family B sugar product loss (b_sugar_product_loss)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Off-spec maple sugar
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured off-spec solid maple sugar; applicable only when Family B includes crystallization and solid-sugar finishing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg maple product output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_release

Elementary flows

Evaporated process water (b_water_vapour)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Water vapour to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: calculated from measured sap, product, liquid waste, and retained-water mass balance
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg maple product output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_route_b_operations

Process: On-site stationary heat or steam generation (onsite_heat_generation)

Inputs

Product flows

Natural gas (heat_natural_gas)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Natural gas
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: measured quantity converted with documented net calorific value; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per MJ useful heat or kg steam delivered to the selected route
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_fuel_and_heat

Liquefied petroleum gas (heat_lpg)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Liquefied petroleum gas
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: measured quantity converted with documented net calorific value; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per MJ useful heat or kg steam delivered to the selected route
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_fuel_and_heat

Fuel oil (heat_fuel_oil)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Distillate fuel oil
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: measured quantity converted with documented net calorific value; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per MJ useful heat or kg steam delivered to the selected route
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_fuel_and_heat
• Sources: checkoway-et-al-maple-footprint-2024

Fuelwood (heat_fuelwood)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Fuelwood
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: measured dry or as-fired mass converted with documented moisture and net calorific value; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per MJ useful heat or kg steam delivered to the selected route
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_fuel_and_heat
• Sources: checkoway-et-al-maple-footprint-2024

Boiler feedwater (heat_boiler_water)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Boiler feedwater
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: metered make-up water entering on-site steam generation; not applicable for direct dry heat
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg steam delivered
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fuel_and_heat

Heat-generation electricity (heat_electricity)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: submetered burner, fan, pump, feed, and control electricity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per MJ useful heat or kg steam delivered
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fuel_and_heat

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Internally generated steam (heat_steam_output)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Steam from on-site boiler
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: measured delivered steam energy; not applicable when only direct heat is generated
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reporting period
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fuel_and_heat

Internally generated thermal energy (heat_output)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Thermal energy from on-site combustion
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: measured or efficiency-calculated useful heat delivered; not applicable when only metered steam is transferred
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reporting period
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_fuel_and_heat

Waste flows

Wood-combustion ash (heat_wood_ash)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Wood ash from boiler
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured ash sent to the declared treatment; not applicable when fuelwood is absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per MJ useful heat or kg steam delivered
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_release

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide (heat_co2_fossil)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, fossil, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: calculate separately from each fossil fuel energy input and applicable emission factor
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per MJ useful heat or kg steam delivered
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Sources: ipcc-2006-stationary-combustion

Biogenic carbon dioxide (heat_co2_biogenic)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, biogenic, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: calculate separately from fuelwood energy input and applicable emission factor; not applicable when fuelwood is absent
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per MJ useful heat or kg steam delivered
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Sources: ipcc-2006-stationary-combustion

Methane (heat_ch4)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Methane to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: sum fuel-specific methane emissions calculated from each combusted fuel and technology factor
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per MJ useful heat or kg steam delivered
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Sources: ipcc-2006-stationary-combustion

Nitrous oxide (heat_n2o)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Nitrous oxide to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: sum fuel-specific nitrous oxide emissions calculated from each combusted fuel and technology factor
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per MJ useful heat or kg steam delivered
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Sources: ipcc-2006-stationary-combustion

Process: Equipment cleaning and sanitation (equipment_cleaning)

Inputs

Product flows

Cleaning water (cleaning_water)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Process water
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: metered water attributable to selected-route cleaning and sanitation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning

Alkaline cleaning agent (cleaning_naoh)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide solution
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured formulated-product mass and concentration; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning

Sanitizing agent (cleaning_peracetic_acid)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Peracetic acid solution
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured formulated-product mass and concentration; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning

Cleaning electricity (cleaning_electricity)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: submetered electricity for clean-in-place pumps and sanitation equipment
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning

Cleaning steam (cleaning_steam)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Steam
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: metered steam used for sanitation; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Cleaning wastewater (cleaning_wastewater)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Wastewater from equipment cleaning
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: metered discharge or inlet-water mass balance, kept separate from maple-process wastewater
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning

Wastewater-treatment sludge (cleaning_sludge)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Sludge from on-site wastewater treatment
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured wet mass with solids content and treatment destination; not applicable when treatment is off site and no sludge leaves the foreground
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_release

Elementary flows

Process: Route-specific final packaging (packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Family A bulk product (pack_in_a_product)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Formulated refined sugar
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer to packaging; applicable only to Family A
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging

Bulk maple syrup (pack_in_maple_syrup)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Maple syrup
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer to packaging; applicable only to Family B syrup
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging

Bulk maple sugar (pack_in_maple_sugar)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Granulated maple sugar
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer to packaging; applicable only to Family B solid sugar
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging

Glass primary container (pack_glass_container)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Glass food container
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured purchased mass allocated to released units; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging

PET primary container (pack_pet_container)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Polyethylene terephthalate bottle
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured purchased mass allocated to released units; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging

HDPE primary container (pack_hdpe_container)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: High-density polyethylene bottle
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured purchased mass allocated to released units; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging

Steel primary container (pack_steel_can)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Tinplate steel food can
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured purchased mass allocated to released units; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging

Paper primary bag (pack_paper_bag)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Kraft paper food bag
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured purchased mass allocated to released units; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging

LDPE primary pouch (pack_ldpe_pouch)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Low-density polyethylene food pouch
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured purchased mass allocated to released units; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging

Metal closure (pack_metal_closure)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Tinplate steel closure
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: counted closure mass converted from verified unit mass; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging

Plastic closure (pack_pp_closure)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Polypropylene closure
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: counted closure mass converted from verified unit mass; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging

Paper label (pack_paper_label)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Paper label
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: counted label mass converted from verified unit mass; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging

Corrugated shipping case (pack_corrugated_case)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Corrugated fibreboard box
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: purchased case mass allocated by packed units; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging

Pallet stretch film (pack_stretch_film)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Low-density polyethylene stretch film
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured film mass allocated by palletized released product; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging

Wooden pallet (pack_wood_pallet)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Wooden pallet
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: purchased or pooled pallet mass allocated by documented trips and released product; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging

Packaging electricity (pack_electricity)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: submetered filling, sealing, labelling, and palletizing electricity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Packaged formulated refined sugar (packaged_formulated_sugar)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Packaged formulated refined sugar
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured net released product; applicable only to Family A
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: reference amount 1 kg
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_release

Packaged maple syrup (packaged_maple_syrup)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Maple syrup
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured net released product; applicable only to Family B syrup
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: reference amount 1 kg
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_release
• Sources: cornell-maple-beginners-notebook-2019

Packaged maple sugar (packaged_maple_sugar)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Packaged granulated maple sugar
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured net released product; applicable only to Family B solid sugar
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: reference amount 1 kg
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_release
• Sources: cornell-maple-beginners-notebook-2019

Waste flows

Formulated-sugar packaging loss (pack_formulated_sugar_loss)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Formulated refined sugar lost during packaging
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured unrecovered Family A product lost at filling, sealing, inspection, and changeover
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_release

Maple-syrup packaging loss (pack_maple_syrup_loss)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Maple syrup lost during packaging
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured unrecovered maple syrup lost at filling, sealing, inspection, and changeover
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_release

Maple-sugar packaging loss (pack_maple_sugar_loss)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Maple sugar lost during packaging
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured unrecovered solid maple sugar lost at filling, sealing, inspection, and changeover
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_release

Waste glass packaging (pack_waste_glass)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Waste glass food container
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured rejected or broken glass packaging sent to its declared destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_release

Waste PET packaging (pack_waste_pet)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Waste polyethylene terephthalate packaging
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured rejected PET packaging sent to its declared destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_release

Waste HDPE packaging (pack_waste_hdpe)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Waste high-density polyethylene packaging
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured rejected HDPE packaging sent to its declared destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_release

Waste steel packaging (pack_waste_steel)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Waste tinplate steel packaging
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured rejected cans and closures sent to the declared destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_release

Waste kraft-paper bag (pack_waste_paper_bag)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Waste kraft paper food bag
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured rejected kraft-paper food bags sent to their declared destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_release

Waste paper label (pack_waste_paper_label)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Waste paper label
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured rejected paper labels sent to their declared destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_release

Waste corrugated case (pack_waste_corrugated_case)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Waste corrugated fibreboard box
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured rejected corrugated fibreboard boxes sent to their declared destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_release

Waste LDPE packaging (pack_waste_ldpe)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Waste low-density polyethylene film
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured rejected pouches and stretch film sent to the declared destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_release

Waste wooden pallets (pack_waste_wood_pallet)

This card records the named atomic exchange for the stated route condition.

• Selected flow: Waste wooden pallet
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured pallets leaving the reuse pool for treatment, allocated to the selected product
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_release

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
alloc_subdivide_routes	all foreground operations	First subdivide Family A, Family B, syrup, solid sugar, and packaging lines using meters, batch records, and production time; never allocate burdens across the two product families by default.	eu-pef-method-2021
alloc_internal_heat	on-site heat generation	Assign metered steam or useful heat directly to the consuming route; allocate only the unmetered remainder using a documented physical driver such as delivered energy.	eu-pef-method-2021
alloc_shared_cleaning	equipment cleaning	Assign recipe- or campaign-specific cleaning directly; otherwise allocate shared cleaning using recorded cleaning time, vessel volume, or product-contact area and disclose the selected physical driver.	eu-pef-method-2021
alloc_recovered_material	recovered product, filter residue, ash, and packaging waste	Treat a material as a co-product only when it has a documented beneficial use and economic or functional value; otherwise model it as waste with its treatment. Report avoided-burden or recycling substitution only in a separate declared scenario.	eu-pef-method-2021

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_route_a_bom	route_a_formulation	each Family A ingredient	formulation and receipt records	ingredient identity; supplier; lot; accepted mass; addition mass; formulation code	reconcile controlled recipe, scale tickets, and inventory issues	kg	each batch	full declared reporting period	each formulation site and product	sum each ingredient separately and divide by accepted formulated output	calibrated scale records; recipe approval; supplier specification; inventory reconciliation
cp_route_a_operations	route_a_formulation	water, electricity, steam, heat, and output	meter and batch records	meter start/end; batch id; drying status; input/output mass; moisture; rejects	submeter or allocate from documented physical driver	kg; kWh; MJ	each batch or meter interval	full declared reporting period	each formulation line	aggregate only batches of the same declared product and route	meter calibration; batch sheets; moisture tests; allocation worksheet
cp_route_b_operations	route_b_maple_processing	sap, filtration materials, utilities, and maple outputs	scale, meter, and process records	sap mass; initial/final soluble solids; RO status; filter media; evaporation output; crystallization status; syrup/sugar mass	direct measurement with hydrometer/refractometer and equipment logs as applicable	kg; kWh; MJ	each boil or batch	complete declared maple campaign	each sugarhouse and technology route	aggregate only equivalent syrup or solid-sugar routes	instrument calibration; boil log; filter log; product release record
cp_fuel_and_heat	onsite_heat_generation	each fuel and delivered heat/steam	invoice, tank, scale, moisture, and meter records	fuel identity; mass or volume; density; moisture; net calorific value; steam/heat delivery	reconcile purchases and inventory change; convert each fuel separately	kg; m3; MJ; kWh	each delivery and reporting interval	full declared reporting period	each combustion unit	calculate each fuel energy separately before summing delivered energy	invoices; tank/scale calibration; calorific-value source; boiler meter; efficiency evidence
cp_cleaning	equipment_cleaning	water, cleaning agents, energy, wastewater	clean-in-place and sanitation logs	route served; water; chemical product; concentration; electricity; steam; discharge	meter, weigh, or use validated dosing records	kg; kWh; MJ	each cleaning event	full declared reporting period	each shared or dedicated cleaning system	direct assignment first; otherwise apply declared physical allocation driver	cleaning log; dosing calibration; chemical specification; discharge meter
cp_packaging	packaging	each packaging component and packaging energy	purchase, specification, count, and line records	material identity; unit mass; units used; rejects; reuse trips; electricity	verify component mass and reconcile purchases, stocks, and packed units	kg; count; kWh	each packaging lot and reporting interval	full declared reporting period	each packaging line and product	calculate each component separately per kg net released product	supplier specification; sample weighing; stock reconciliation; line meter
cp_waste_and_release	all	products, losses, residues, wastewater, sludge, ash, and packaging wastes	scale, discharge, treatment, and release records	stream identity; wet mass; dry solids when relevant; destination; released product mass	weigh or meter each stream and reconcile with mass balance	kg	each batch or disposal event	full declared reporting period	each site and product	keep streams separate by physical identity and destination	scale/meter calibration; waste transfer note; product release; mass-balance worksheet

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_normalize_reference	all exchanges	normalized exchange = route-attributable exchange / net released mass of the single declared product	exchange amount; released product mass	amount per 1 kg reference product	eu-pef-method-2021
calc_fuel_energy	each fuel	fuel energy = measured fuel quantity × documented density when needed × net calorific value; calculate by fuel before aggregation	fuel mass or volume; density; moisture; net calorific value	MJ by fuel	ipcc-2006-stationary-combustion
calc_combustion_emissions	CO2, CH4, and N2O	emission by gas and fuel = fuel energy × applicable fuel/technology emission factor; sum only after retaining fuel-resolved calculations	MJ by fuel; emission factor by gas and fuel	kg CO2 fossil; kg CO2 biogenic; kg CH4; kg N2O	ipcc-2006-stationary-combustion
calc_mass_balance	each selected route	mass-balance difference = total measured mass inputs - products - separately measured wastes - wastewater - accounted evaporation or retained water; investigate unexplained differences	ingredient or sap inputs; water; products; wastes; wastewater; water vapour	route mass-balance residual
calc_packaging_mass	each packaging component	component mass = verified unit mass × consumed units, adjusted for documented reusable trips where applicable	unit mass; units consumed; reuse trips; released product	kg component per 1 kg product	eu-pef-method-2021

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_route_identity	dataset	Declare exactly one family, one final product state, one formulation or maple route, and the included conditional steps.	product master; process flow diagram; batch/campaign records
dq_completeness	foreground inventory	Reconcile all known inputs and outputs, including utilities, every actual fuel, each ingredient, each packaging component, losses, filter residues, wastewater, sludge, ash, and direct emissions.	reconciled ledgers; meters; waste transfer records; mass balance
dq_representativeness	activity data	Use records representative of the declared site, technology, geography, product, and period; explain exclusions, substitutions, shutdowns, and abnormal campaigns.	data-quality assessment and retained raw records
dq_atomic_identity	flows	Confirm one Tiangong flow UUID for each concrete exchange before review or publication; add any actual ingredient, fuel, cleaning chemical, packaging component, waste, or emission not represented here as its own row.	direct-read flow record and identity review
dq_range_evidence	quantitative ranges	Do not create a range from one case or duplicate a single value as equal bounds. Any later empirical range requires at least two independent original sources with compatible boundary, unit, and basis.	source comparison and range-inference note

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
val_one_family	dataset	Pass only when exactly one of Family A or Family B is selected and inactive-family exchanges are absent.	unsd-cpc-3-0-structure-2024
val_product_state	Family B	Pass only when syrup or solid_sugar is declared; require crystallization for solid_sugar and prohibit it as a default syrup step.	cornell-maple-beginners-notebook-2019
val_family_a_steps	Family A	Require purchased refined sugar, each actual flavouring/colour/anti-caking/carrier input, mixing or coating, conditional drying disclosure, product loss, cleaning, and packaging.	eu-pef-method-2021
val_family_b_steps	Family B	Require maple sap receipt, filtration media, filtration residue, evaporation/concentration, product loss, wastewater, cleaning, packaging, and conditional crystallization disclosure.	cornell-maple-beginners-notebook-2019; penn-state-maple-syrup-production
val_fuels_and_emissions	on-site combustion	Require a separate input for every actual fuel and fuel-resolved calculations for fossil CO2, biogenic CO2 when biomass is used, CH4, and N2O.	ipcc-2006-stationary-combustion
val_packaging_atomicity	packaging	Require every actual primary, closure, label, secondary, tertiary, and reusable packaging component as a separate material flow and every physically separate packaging-waste stream as a separate output.	eu-pef-method-2021
val_reference_mass	reference product	Require 1 kg net released product with the Mass and Units of mass UUIDs stated in section 3; packaging shall not be included in the reference mass.
val_mass_balance	each route	Require an explained route mass-balance residual and prohibit hiding product loss, filter residue, wastewater, sludge, packaging waste, or evaporation in an unclassified difference.	eu-pef-method-2021
val_range_provenance	ranges	Reject equal lower/upper bounds copied from one value and reject inferred empirical ranges without at least two independent compatible original sources.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground manufacturing dataset for one declared product and route
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset after review, UUID completion, and context-specific representativeness assessment
allowed_use	Product-specific LCI, LCA, EPD, footprint, process, and lifecyclemodel work for the declared site, technology, geography, period, family, product state, and packaging configuration
excluded_use	Averaging Family A with Family B; representing upstream sugar production or maple cultivation/tapping; representing confectionery or artificial maple-flavoured syrup; comparative claims without equivalent boundaries and review
required_metadata	PCR id; product family and state; exact product identity; formulation or sap source; included steps; drying, RO, filtration, crystallization, heat and fuel technologies; packaging bill of materials; site; geography; period; allocation; flow UUIDs; source and data-quality references
required_quality_disclosure	Primary-data share; measurement methods; calibration; temporal, geographical, and technological representativeness; allocation; mass-balance residual; missing UUIDs; proxies; exclusions; uncertainty; unresolved range evidence
update_trigger	Change in family or product state, formulation, sap source, filtration/RO/evaporation/crystallization technology, fuel or electricity supply, packaging, allocation, site, reporting period, product specification, flow UUID, or material source evidence

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-3-0-structure-2024	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, Draft Structure of the Central Product Classification, Version 3.0, subclass 23530, https://unstats.un.org/UNSDWebsite/statcom/session_55/documents/BG-4e-draft-CPC-structure-E.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-24)	Official category title and evidence that the subclass contains the formulated refined-sugar family and the maple sugar/syrup family
cornell-maple-beginners-notebook-2019	extension_guidance	Cornell Maple Program, Maple Syrup Production: Beginner's Notebook, 1st ed., https://mapleresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/Beginner-Notebook-1st-Edition.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-24)	Maple sap processing, filtration, evaporation, granular maple sugar crystallization/stirring/screening, and airtight packaging decomposition
penn-state-maple-syrup-production	extension_guidance	Penn State Extension, Maple Syrup Production, https://extension.psu.edu/maple-syrup-production (retrieved 2026-08-24)	Pre-boil sap filtration, evaporation equipment and heat source, sugar-sand filtration, filter media, and filling containers
checkoway-et-al-maple-footprint-2024	literature	Checkoway, Lewis, and Keoleian, Carbon and Energy Footprinting across Archetypes for U.S. Maple Syrup Production, Environmental Science & Technology 58(49), DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03067; OpenAlex: W4403183730	Evidence that maple production routes vary by RO, electricity, fuel oil, fuelwood, scale, and equipment; supports route-specific energy and fuel collection rather than a default range
eu-pef-method-2021	official_guidance	European Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279, Annex I Product Environmental Footprint Method, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/2021-12-30/eng (retrieved 2026-08-24)	Company-specific bill of materials and manufacturing inputs/outputs, data quality, packaging, subdivision, physical allocation, and transparent reporting
ipcc-2006-stationary-combustion	method_factor	IPCC, 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 2 Energy, Chapter 2 Stationary Combustion, https://archive.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/2_Volume2/V2_2_Ch2_Stationary_Combustion.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-24)	Fuel-specific energy activity data and direct CO2, CH4, and N2O calculation method