Refined sugar

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to foreground data packages for refined sucrose products manufactured from sugar cane or sugar beet feedstocks and delivered at the declared refinery or factory gate. It covers unflavoured and uncoloured refined crystalline sugar forms, including white granulated sugar, soft white sugar, refined brown sugar, powdered refined sucrose, and equivalent bulk or packaged grades when their product specification is declared.

The PCR covers route-specific feedstock preparation, extraction or melting, purification and decolourisation where used, evaporation, crystallisation, centrifugal separation, drying or conditioning, bulk handling, and packaging when packaging is included at the declared gate. On-site wastewater treatment is included when operated by the reporting facility; otherwise the wastewater flow and the receiving treatment service shall be reported.

Raw cane or beet sugar sold without further refining, molasses sold as the principal product, glucose and fructose products, sugar syrups, maple products, confectionery, and refined sugar containing added flavouring or colouring are excluded. Agricultural cultivation, inbound transport, distribution, retail, use, and end-of-life are outside the foreground gate-to-gate inventory unless the declared study scope explicitly adds them with separate upstream or downstream datasets.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.grain-mill-products-starches-and-starch-products-other-food-products.refined-sugar
classification_refs	CPC 3.0:23520 (exact; Refined sugar)
covered_products	Unflavoured and uncoloured refined sucrose from cane or beet, including white granulated, soft white, refined brown, powdered, lump, cube, and equivalent bulk or packaged refined grades
excluded_products	Raw cane or beet sugar without further refining; molasses as principal product; glucose, fructose, lactose, syrups, maple products, confectionery; refined sugar with added flavouring or colouring
representative_product	Soft white sugar as the UUID-backed representative refined sugar flow; each data package shall declare the actual refined sugar subtype and specification
production_route	Cane raw-sugar refinery route or integrated beet-sugar route, with the declared starting feedstock and all included refining stages identified
market_state	Dry or conditioned refined sucrose at the refinery/factory gate, bulk or packaged as declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Refined sucrose providing a declared food-ingredient sweetening product at the refinery or factory gate
How much	1,000 kg net refined sugar, excluding packaging
How well	Conforming to the declared refined sugar subtype and applicable product specification; for the UUID-backed soft white representative, declare sucrose plus invert sugar content, moisture or loss on drying, colour, and additives
How long or cycle	One production campaign represented by the reporting period; no use-duration function is assigned to this intermediate food product
reference_flow_link	crystallization_finishing.refined_sugar_output

Field	Value
Reference amount	1,000 kg net refined sugar at the declared gate
Reference product flow	Soft white sugar d3dfedfb-7d93-4553-aba3-02940edaf6aa
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	refined sugar subtype; cane, beet, or mixed origin; production route; starting feedstock state; sucrose or polarisation specification; moisture or loss on drying; colour grade; additive status; packaging inclusion; plant gate; geography; reporting period

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package. Codex CXS 212-1999 supplies the product-description and quality context; local legal or customer specifications may be stricter and shall then be identified.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_net_mass	reference refined sugar	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report 1,000 kg net sugar product; exclude packaging mass and separately report packaging inputs.
product_quality_basis	reference refined sugar quality	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Declare whether composition is as-received or dry basis and retain the test method, sampling date, and lot or campaign represented.
utility_conversion	electricity and thermal-energy inputs	Energy property of the selected utility flow	kWh for electricity; MJ for fuels, heat, and steam	Preserve metered units and conversion factors; do not convert steam, fuel, and electricity into a single undifferentiated energy flow.
water_accounting	water inputs, reused water, condensate, and wastewater	Volume or mass property of the selected flow	m3 or kg	Report withdrawals, purchased water, internal reuse, condensate recovery, and discharge separately; internal recirculation shall not be counted as a new technosphere input.
co_product_mass	molasses, beet pulp, filter cake, and other co-products or residues	Mass property of the selected flow	kg	Measure each output on a consistent wet or dry basis and declare moisture content when it affects mass balance or allocation.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Sugar beet at factory receipt, raw cane/beet sugar at refinery receipt, or a traceable intermediate sugar liquor entering the first included foreground operation
starting_condition_role	Upstream hand-off into the foreground refined-sugar manufacturing system
product_classification_scope	Refined sucrose products within the reviewed semantic scope of this PCR, independent of any one classification code
recursive_input_rule	A same-category refined sugar input shall be recorded as an upstream product input with its own dataset and shall not be expanded recursively inside the current foreground process.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Every excluded upstream stage shall be represented by a compatible dataset for the declared feedstock, origin, technology, geography, and hand-off condition.
disclosure	Declare starting feedstock, included and excluded stages, cut-offs, internal recycling loops, utility boundary, packaging boundary, wastewater destination, geography, and reporting period.

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_01	foreground manufacturing	Include all refining operations between the declared starting condition and the declared plant gate, including utilities, process aids, co-products, wastes, wastewater, and direct emissions.	eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031; eu-pef-2021-2279
boundary_02	process completeness	Maintain a process flow sheet and inventories of raw materials, water, energy, wastewater, and waste-gas streams so their origins and receiving treatment steps are traceable.	eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031
boundary_03	upstream and downstream links	Use separate compatible datasets for excluded feedstock production, transport, distribution, use, and end-of-life stages; do not imply that their burdens are zero.	eu-pef-2021-2279
boundary_04	packaging	Include primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging only when it is supplied with the reference product at the declared gate; otherwise state the exclusion.	eu-pef-2021-2279
boundary_05	cut-offs	Report any excluded material or energy flow and justify it; known environmentally relevant inputs, co-products, emissions, and wastes shall not be omitted merely because they are difficult to measure.	eu-pef-2021-2279

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
feedstock_preparation	Feedstock preparation and extraction or melting	conditional	Required when beet or raw sugar receipt occurs inside the foreground boundary	Prepare a traceable sugar liquor for purification	kg prepared sugar liquor
purification_concentration	Purification, decolourisation, filtration, and concentration	required	Always required; route-specific operations may be absent only when demonstrated by the declared incoming intermediate	Remove non-sugar material and concentrate sugar liquor	kg concentrated sugar liquor
crystallization_finishing	Crystallisation, separation, drying, conditioning, and handling	required	Always required	Produce refined sugar and separate co-products	1,000 kg net refined sugar
packaging	Packaging	conditional	Required when packaging is supplied at the declared product gate	Package the finished sugar and record packaging losses	1,000 kg net refined sugar packaged
wastewater_treatment	On-site wastewater treatment	conditional	Required when wastewater is treated on site; otherwise record transfer to external treatment	Treat effluent and report residual emissions and sludge	m3 wastewater treated

Process: Feedstock preparation and extraction or melting (feedstock_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Route-specific sugar feedstock (sugar_feedstock)

Record sugar beets, raw cane or beet sugar, or another declared intermediate entering the first foreground operation. The input identity and amount shall be supported by receipt and inventory records.

• Selected flow: Route-specific sugar feedstock; select a Tiangong product flow matching the declared state and origin
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net feedstock received and consumed
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass
• Sources:

Preparation water (preparation_water)

Record externally supplied water used for beet washing and extraction or raw-sugar melting, net of internal recirculation.

• Selected flow: Process water matching the actual supply source
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered or balance-derived external water supplied
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_balance
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031
• Range: Replaceable provisional preparation-water screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 20
  • Unit: m3
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output; route-dependent and not a conformance limit
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Electricity for preparation (preparation_electricity)

Record metered electricity used by receiving, conveying, washing, slicing, extraction, melting, and associated pumps within this process.

• Selected flow: Electricity supply matching plant voltage and geography
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: sub-metered consumption or allocated plant meter balance
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031
• Range: Replaceable provisional electricity screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 500
  • Unit: kWh
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output; route-dependent and not a default value
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared sugar liquor (prepared_sugar_liquor)

Record the route-specific liquor passed to purification, together with solids or sucrose concentration and measurement basis.

• Selected flow: Prepared sugar liquor matching the actual intermediate state
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer or calculated tank mass from volume and density
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_intermediate_liquor
• Sources:

Beet pulp or recoverable preparation residue (preparation_coproduct)

Record a separately used beet pulp or other marketed residue as a co-product; classify material without a product use as waste instead.

• Selected flow: Route-specific pulp or recoverable residue
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured wet mass with dry-matter or moisture disclosure
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_mass
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031

Waste flows

Preparation rejects and wash solids (preparation_rejects)

Record stones, soil, screenings, off-specification feedstock, and other wastes leaving preparation.

• Selected flow: Route-specific preparation waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste shipment or container mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_mass
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Process: Purification, decolourisation, filtration, and concentration (purification_concentration)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared sugar liquor input (prepared_liquor_input)

Record the prepared liquor transferred from the route-specific preparation process without double counting internal transfers as external inputs.

• Selected flow: Prepared sugar liquor matching prepared_sugar_liquor
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer or calculated tank mass
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_intermediate_liquor
• Sources:

Purification and decolourisation aids (purification_aids)

Record lime, carbon dioxide, acids, alkalis, adsorbents, filter aids, ion-exchange regenerants, and other aids actually consumed, each as a separate exchange in the produced dataset.

• Selected flow: Chemical-specific product flow matching the purchased material
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: stock change plus receipts minus closing stock, corrected for transfers
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass
• Sources:

Purification and evaporation energy (purification_energy)

Record electricity, fuels, heat, and steam as separate flows. Preserve the metered form and account for any on-site combined heat and power system consistently.

• Selected flow: Utility-specific product flows matching geography and technology
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh for electricity and MJ for fuels, heat, or steam
• Amount rule: metered consumption or documented energy balance
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031
• Range: Replaceable provisional combined thermal-energy screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.1
  • Upper: 8
  • Unit: GJ
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output; technology-dependent and not a conformance limit
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Concentrated purified sugar liquor (concentrated_liquor)

Record the concentrated liquor sent to crystallisation, including mass, dry matter or soluble solids, sucrose concentration, and transfer period.

• Selected flow: Concentrated purified sugar liquor matching the route
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer or calculated tank mass from volume, density, and concentration records
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_intermediate_liquor
• Sources:

Recovered condensate (recovered_condensate)

Record condensate exported as a useful product; internal reuse remains an internal loop documented in the water balance.

• Selected flow: Recovered process condensate
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered condensate exported from the foreground system
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_balance
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031

Waste flows

Filter cake, spent adsorbent, and purification residue (purification_residue)

Record each residue separately and distinguish marketed co-products from waste sent to recovery, treatment, or disposal.

• Selected flow: Residue-specific waste or product flow according to actual destination
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured wet mass with moisture or dry-matter disclosure
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_mass
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Process: Crystallisation, separation, drying, conditioning, and handling (crystallization_finishing)

Inputs

Product flows

Concentrated sugar liquor input (concentrated_liquor_input)

Record the concentrated liquor transferred into crystallisation and reconcile it with the output from purification and concentration.

• Selected flow: Concentrated purified sugar liquor matching concentrated_liquor
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer or calculated tank mass
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_intermediate_liquor
• Sources:

Crystallisation and finishing energy (finishing_energy)

Record electricity, fuels, heat, and steam for crystallisation, centrifugation, drying, cooling, conditioning, and bulk handling as separate utility flows.

• Selected flow: Utility-specific product flows matching geography and technology
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh for electricity and MJ for fuels, heat, or steam
• Amount rule: metered consumption or documented energy balance
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Refined sugar output (refined_sugar_output)

Record conforming refined sugar at the declared gate. The actual product subtype shall be declared even when the representative Tiangong flow is used.

• Selected flow: Soft white sugar d3dfedfb-7d93-4553-aba3-02940edaf6aa
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: fixed reference amount of 1,000 kg net refined sugar
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg net refined sugar at the declared gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Sources: codex-cxs-212-1999

Molasses co-product (molasses_coproduct)

Record final molasses or other mother-liquor co-product when it leaves the foreground system for a beneficial use.

• Selected flow: Molasses product flow matching cane or beet origin and state
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured dispatched mass with dry-matter or moisture disclosure
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_mass
• Sources:
• Range: Replaceable provisional molasses screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 800
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output; route-dependent and not an allocation factor
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Off-specification sugar and captured dust (offspec_sugar_waste)

Record material that leaves the product system as waste; internally reworked sugar remains an internal loop and shall not be double counted.

• Selected flow: Sugar-containing production waste matching the actual destination
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste shipment or container mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_mass
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Channelled particulate emissions (sugar_particulate_air)

Record measured or calculated particulate matter released after abatement from drying, cooling, conveying, and handling; do not report captured dust as an elementary emission.

• Selected flow: Particulate-matter elementary flow matching the reported size fraction
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured concentration multiplied by dry-gas flow and operating time, or a documented site emission inventory
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emissions
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031

Process: Packaging (packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Packaging materials (packaging_materials)

Record each primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging material supplied with the product, including reusable packaging and pallet accounting where applicable.

• Selected flow: Material-specific packaging product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg or item count with measured mass conversion
• Amount rule: packaging bill of materials minus documented reusable returns
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Packaging losses (packaging_losses)

Record damaged bags, films, cartons, pallets, and other packaging wastes generated before the plant gate.

• Selected flow: Material-specific packaging waste flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste shipment or stock reconciliation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Process: On-site wastewater treatment (wastewater_treatment)

Inputs

Product flows

Wastewater-treatment utilities and chemicals (wastewater_treatment_inputs)

Record electricity, aeration energy, chemicals, and externally supplied treatment materials used by the on-site system as separate product flows.

• Selected flow: Utility- and chemical-specific product flows
• Flow property / unit: Energy or mass property / flow-specific unit
• Amount rule: metered consumption and stock records attributable to refinery wastewater
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031

Waste flows

Refinery wastewater received for treatment (wastewater_received)

Record the wastewater volume and relevant pollutant loads entering on-site or external treatment.

• Selected flow: Sugar-refinery wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered discharge to treatment, reconciled with the site water balance
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_balance
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031
• Range: Replaceable provisional wastewater-volume screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 20
  • Unit: m3
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output; route-dependent and not a discharge limit
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Wastewater-treatment sludge (treatment_sludge)

Record sludge and separated solids sent to recovery, treatment, or disposal, with dry-matter content and destination.

• Selected flow: Wastewater-treatment sludge matching actual classification
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured wet mass with dry-matter disclosure
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_records
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Treated effluent emissions to water (treated_effluent)

Record discharged water and relevant pollutant loads, including COD or TOC, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and suspended solids when applicable to the permit and site inventory.

• Selected flow: Substance-specific elementary flows to water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg pollutant; water volume / m3 reported separately
• Amount rule: measured concentration multiplied by discharge volume over the reporting period
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net refined sugar output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emissions
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_01	multi-output operations	Avoid allocation first by subdivision or by separately metering independently operated preparation, purification, crystallisation, energy, and treatment processes.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_02	physically coupled co-products	When subdivision is not possible, use a demonstrated underlying physical relationship only if it represents how changes in the process drive the co-product outputs; document the relationship and factors.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_03	remaining multi-functionality	If no defensible physical relationship exists, apply an explicitly documented other relationship, normally economic allocation based on representative prices, and report a sensitivity case for material co-products.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_04	molasses, beet pulp, filter cake, and recoverable residues	Classify an output as a co-product only when it has a documented beneficial use and leaves the product system; otherwise model it as waste with its treatment burden.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_05	internal loops	Do not allocate burdens to internally recirculated liquor, sugar, water, condensate, or steam; close the internal balance and count only external inputs and outputs.	eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_mass	feedstock_preparation; purification_concentration	feedstock and process-aid inputs	weighbridge, invoice, stock ledger, batch sheet	date; material id; supplier; gross mass; tare; net mass; opening stock; receipts; closing stock; moisture if relevant	calibrated scale plus stock reconciliation	kg	each receipt and monthly reconciliation	complete reporting period	all included lines and warehouses	sum net consumed mass, then normalize by conforming refined sugar output	scale calibration; invoice and stock reconciliation; missing-record log
cp_water_balance	all included processes	water withdrawal, purchase, reuse, condensate, wastewater, discharge	water-meter and water-balance record	meter id; timestamp; source or destination; volume; meter status; estimated downtime	calibrated meters plus documented balance for unmetered branches	m3	daily or campaign total, monthly reconciliation	complete reporting period	all included water nodes	external input and discharge totals minus documented internal recirculation	meter calibration; closure residual; downtime estimate record
cp_energy_records	all included processes	electricity, fuels, heat, and steam	meter, invoice, and energy-balance record	meter id; timestamp; energy carrier; quantity; unit; supplier; lower or higher heating value basis; CHP export	sub-meter, invoice, or documented plant energy balance	kWh; MJ; kg or m3 fuel with conversion factor	continuous or invoice period; monthly reconciliation	complete reporting period	all included production and utility systems	preserve carriers separately and normalize each to refined sugar output	meter calibration; invoices; conversion-factor source; energy-balance closure
cp_intermediate_liquor	feedstock_preparation; purification_concentration; crystallization_finishing	prepared and concentrated liquor transfers	inter-process transfer and laboratory record	tank id; batch; mass or volume; density; temperature; dry matter or soluble solids; sucrose concentration	calibrated tank or flow measurement plus laboratory test	kg; m3; %	each batch or continuous total	complete reporting period	every transfer between included stages	convert volume to mass with matched density and reconcile stage transfers	instrument calibration; laboratory method; batch linkage; balance residual
cp_output_mass	all included processes	refined sugar, co-products, residues, and wastes	dispatch, scale, and waste record	product or waste id; destination; gross mass; tare; net mass; moisture or dry matter; disposition	calibrated scale, dispatch record, and waste manifest	kg	each batch or shipment	complete reporting period	all included output points	sum by product identity and destination; normalize to refined sugar output	scale calibration; dispatch or waste documentation; moisture test
cp_direct_emissions	crystallization_finishing; wastewater_treatment	air and water emissions	monitoring and emissions-calculation record	source id; sample time; concentration; gas or water flow; operating hours; method; detection limit; abatement status	direct monitoring or permit-compliant calculation	kg pollutant; mg/Nm3; mg/L; m3	permit frequency and campaign coverage	representative operating conditions across the reporting period	every relevant discharge point	concentration times measured flow and time, with non-detect handling disclosed	accredited test report; flow-meter calibration; permit record; calculation sheet
cp_packaging_records	packaging	packaging materials and losses	packaging bill-of-materials and reconciliation record	packaging code; material; item count; unit mass; purchased mass; returned units; waste mass	bill of materials, purchase records, item weighing, and waste reconciliation	kg; item	each packaging specification and monthly total	complete reporting period	all packaging supplied with the declared product	item count times verified unit mass, adjusted for returns and losses	specification; sample-weigh record; purchase and waste reconciliation
cp_treatment_records	wastewater_treatment	treatment inputs, sludge, and operating data	treatment operations and waste record	treatment train; utility or chemical id; quantity; sludge mass; moisture; uptime; bypass	meters, dosing logs, laboratory records, and waste manifests	flow-specific	daily or batch, monthly reconciliation	complete reporting period	on-site treatment serving included operations	sum attributable inputs and outputs; disclose shared-treatment allocation	meter and dosing calibration; laboratory QA; bypass and maintenance log
cp_product_quality	crystallization_finishing	refined sugar specification	laboratory and product-release record	lot; subtype; polarisation or sucrose result; invert sugar; moisture or loss on drying; colour; ash; additives; test method	representative laboratory sampling and product release records	test-specific	each lot or statistically justified composite	all product represented by the dataset	all finished-product sampling and release points	production-weighted result and pass/fail by declared specification	laboratory method; calibration; sample plan; release certificate

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_net_reference_mass	reference product	Net refined sugar mass = gross dispatch mass - tare and packaging mass; exclude non-conforming or reworked stock not leaving the declared gate.	gross mass; tare; packaging mass; product disposition	kg conforming refined sugar	codex-cxs-212-1999
calc_specific_inventory	every external inventory flow	Specific amount = reporting-period flow amount / reporting-period net conforming refined sugar mass x 1,000 kg.	collected flow amount; net refined sugar output	flow amount per 1,000 kg refined sugar	eu-pef-2021-2279
calc_liquor_mass	intermediate liquor	Liquor mass = measured volume x density at the matched temperature; retain measured concentration and sampling basis.	volume; density; temperature; concentration	kg intermediate liquor and composition fields
calc_emission_load	direct emissions	Emission load = measured concentration x measured dry-gas or wastewater volume, with unit conversion and operating coverage documented.	concentration; flow; time or total volume; non-detect rule	kg pollutant per reporting period	eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031
calc_mass_balance	each process and full foreground system	Reconcile external and inter-process mass inputs with products, co-products, wastes, emissions, inventory change, and explained water removal or addition; investigate material residuals.	all mass-bearing inputs and outputs; stocks; moisture and solids data	mass-balance residual and explanation
calc_allocation_factor	multi-output process	Derive allocation factors only after applying the hierarchy in Section 7; factors across all co-products shall sum to 1 within rounding tolerance and the data period shall match the inventory.	subdivided records or physical/economic allocation driver	documented allocation factor by output	eu-pef-2021-2279

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	reference product and all material inputs/outputs	Preserve product subtype, origin, route, starting condition, specification, Tiangong UUID where selected, and gate identity.	product specification; supplier and dispatch records; UUID lookup record outside PCR content
dq_temporal	foreground inventory	Use one complete and representative reporting period; cover seasonal campaigns, start-up, shutdown, and abnormal periods or disclose exclusions.	production calendar; meter and batch coverage; exclusion log
dq_technology	foreground inventory	Describe extraction or melting, purification, decolourisation, evaporation, crystallisation, drying, energy system, dust control, and wastewater treatment technologies actually used.	process flow sheet; equipment list; operating records
dq_geography	utilities and upstream links	Use datasets representative of the plant, feedstock origin, electricity grid, fuels, water source, treatment destination, and transport geography.	supplier origin; plant location; utility contracts; dataset metadata
dq_completeness	all known inputs and outputs	Include all known raw materials, water, energy, products, co-products, emissions, and wastes; disclose and justify any cut-off.	material, water, and energy balances; emission inventory; cut-off log
dq_precision	measured and calculated values	Retain calibration, sampling, laboratory, density, moisture, conversion, and uncertainty evidence sufficient to reproduce each normalized value.	calibration certificates; laboratory QA; calculation sheets; uncertainty record
dq_consistency	bilingual and multi-process dataset	Apply consistent wet/dry basis, net/gross mass, reporting period, allocation method, and internal-transfer treatment across processes.	cross-process reconciliation; reviewer checklist; bilingual rule-id check

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validation_01	PCR identity	The canonical PCR id, CPC reference, covered products, exclusions, and declared product subtype shall be present and mutually consistent.
validation_02	reference flow	The reference output shall equal 1,000 kg net refined sugar, use the selected product-flow, Mass, and Units-of-mass UUIDs without dataset versions, and declare all required qualifiers.	codex-cxs-212-1999
validation_03	product quality	Product release evidence shall demonstrate conformance with the declared subtype specification; values and test basis for purity or polarisation, moisture, colour, and additives shall be disclosed as applicable.	codex-cxs-212-1999
validation_04	boundary completeness	Every included process in the process map shall have matching inventory records, and excluded upstream or downstream stages shall have explicit dataset links or scope disclosures.	eu-pef-2021-2279; eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031
validation_05	material, water, and energy balance	Process and site balances shall reconcile internal transfers and external flows; unexplained residuals, unmetered estimates, and internal recirculation shall be reported and reviewed.	eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031
validation_06	multi-functionality	Co-product classification and allocation shall follow the Section 7 hierarchy, factors shall sum to 1 within rounding tolerance, and material alternative methods shall be tested.	eu-pef-2021-2279
validation_07	emissions and waste	Wastewater, channelled air emissions, captured residues, sludge, off-specification sugar, and their destinations shall not be omitted or double counted.	eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031
validation_08	provisional ranges	Every reasoned_estimate range shall remain labelled replaceable and shall not override collected site data or be presented as a regulatory, BAT, or conformance limit.
validation_09	data quality	Temporal, technological, geographical, completeness, and precision evidence shall be retained for company-specific activity data and direct elementary flows.	eu-pef-2021-2279

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground refined-sugar production data package at the declared factory or refinery gate
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Product carbon footprint and LCA models requiring route-, geography-, specification-, and gate-matched refined-sugar manufacturing data
excluded_use	Unqualified substitution for raw sugar, syrups, glucose or fructose, flavoured or coloured sugar, confectionery, another route or geography, or a cradle-to-grave result without linked stages
required_metadata	PCR id; product subtype and specification; cane/beet origin; starting condition; route; included stages; plant gate; geography; reporting period; technology; utility mix; packaging scope; co-product treatment; allocation method; cut-offs; UUIDs
required_quality_disclosure	Data coverage; measured versus calculated shares; calibration and sampling evidence; material, water, and energy balance residuals; missing data; provisional ranges used; allocation sensitivity; source and dataset representativeness
update_trigger	Material change in feedstock origin or state, product specification, process route, energy or water system, abatement or treatment, packaging, allocation basis, plant geography, or reporting period representativeness

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
codex-cxs-212-1999	standard	FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius, CXS 212-1999, Standard for Sugars, amended through 2022, https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fworkspace.fao.org%2Fsites%2Fcodex%2FStandards%2FCXS+212-1999%2FCXS_212e.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-10)	Product boundary, refined sugar subtype descriptions, composition and quality qualifiers, and analysis context
eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031	official_guidance	European Commission, Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/2031 establishing BAT conclusions for the food, drink and milk industries, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019D2031 (retrieved 2026-08-10)	Sugar-manufacturing process and environmental-inventory scope; water, energy, wastewater, waste-gas, monitoring, and treatment records
eu-pef-2021-2279	official_guidance	European Commission, Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on the use of Environmental Footprint methods, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021H2279 (retrieved 2026-08-10)	Functional unit and reference flow, system boundary, company-specific inventory completeness, data quality, cut-offs, packaging, and multi-functionality hierarchy