TianGong PCR

Sheet piling of iron or steel and welded angles, shapes and sections of iron or steel

Sheet piling of iron or steel and welded angles, shapes and sections of iron or steel: This rule covers accepted iron or steel sheet piling and welded iron or steel…

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Status, classification and source details

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  • Warnings methodology_not_reviewed Authored methodology is candidate guidance and still requires methodology review.

Classification mapping

CPC 3.0:41252 · exact

Source

1. Scope and Applicability

This rule covers accepted iron or steel sheet piling and welded iron or steel angles, shapes and sections at the manufacturing gate. Sheet piling may be hot rolled or cold formed from hot rolled coil; welded sections are cut and welded from plate. Each dataset declares one finished product and one route; do not pool unlike products into one inventory.

Installation, use, dismantling and end-of-life treatment are outside this foreground boundary. Connect upstream production of purchased billet, coil or plate through separate background datasets.

2. Product Category Identity

FieldValue
canonical_pcr_idpcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.basic-metals.sheet-piling-of-iron-or-steel-and-welded-angles-shapes-and-sections-of-iron-or-steel
classification_refsCPC 3.0: 41252
covered_productsIron or steel sheet piling; welded iron or steel angles, shapes and sections
excluded_productsUnwelded ordinary hot-rolled sections, railway track materials, welded pipe and installed structures
representative_productAccepted hot-rolled steel sheet piling
production_routeHot-rolled sheet piling, cold-formed sheet piling or welded plate section; model separately
market_stateAccepted, net-mass measured and ready at factory gate

3. Reference Flow

FieldValue
WhatIron or steel sheet piling or welded steel section
How much1 kg accepted finished product
How wellDeclare steel grade, profile, length and route; meet order acceptance
How long or cycleOne factory-gate delivery; no service life prescribed
reference_flow_linkhot_sheet_pile_out
FieldValue
Reference amount1
Reference product flowFinished hot-rolled steel sheet piling
Reference flow propertyMass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit groupUnits of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unitkg
Required qualifiersProduct form; hot-rolled/cold-formed/welded route; steel grade; cross-section and length; surface state; accepted net mass; production site and period

The reference table uses hot-rolled sheet piling as the representative. For cold-formed sheet piling or welded sections, use the corresponding accepted output row as the reference product, retain the same per 1 kg net-mass basis and disclose the substituted row.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_idApplies toRequired propertyRequired unitRule
net_masshot_sheet_pile_out, cold_sheet_pile_out, welded_section_outMasskgDetermine accepted net finished mass for the same batch using a calibrated scale or traceable weighing records; exclude transport packaging.
reference_basisall inventory rowsMass or energykg or MJNormalize each route to 1 kg accepted net finished product; retain MJ for electricity and natural gas rather than treating energy as mass.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

FieldValue
declared_starting_conditionPurchased billet, hot-rolled coil or plate reaches the foreground gate
starting_condition_roleUpstream product input
product_classification_scopeAccepted steel sheet piling or welded steel angle, shape or section
recursive_input_ruleLink purchased materials and energy to upstream data; count steel production once
upstream_dataset_requirementMatch billet, coil, plate and energy datasets by grade, route, geography and time
disclosureDisclose manufacturing and upstream boundary; report end-of-life recycling credit separately, outside this gate result
rule_idapplies_torulesource_ids
boundary_gateall routesFrom receipt of purchased steel to accepted finished product at the factory gate, collect route-specific direct materials, energy and steel scrap.worldsteel-sections-2023
boundary_recyclingend_of_lifeKeep end-of-life recycling credits separate from the factory-gate result.worldsteel-sections-2023

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_idprocess_nameinclusioninclusion_conditionrolequantitative_reference
hot_rollingSheet-pile hot rollingconditionalIf the declared product is sheet piling hot rolled from billetForeground manufacturingper 1 kg accepted hot-rolled sheet piling
cold_formingSheet-pile cold formingconditionalIf the declared product is sheet piling cold formed from hot-rolled coilForeground manufacturingper 1 kg accepted cold-formed sheet piling
welded_fabricationWelded section fabricationconditionalIf the declared product is an angle, shape or section cut and welded from plateForeground manufacturingper 1 kg accepted welded section

Process: Sheet-pile hot rolling (hot_rolling)

Inputs

Product flows
Steel billet (hot_billet_in)

Collect this atomic exchange only for the hot_rolling route and normalize it to accepted net finished mass of the same batch.

  • Selected flow: Billet 7de70586-42d8-40bb-a687-e0e0c05722e4
  • Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
  • Amount rule: Collect and report actual exchange per 1 kg reference flow using cp_hot_material
  • Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
  • Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
  • Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
  • Collection protocol: cp_hot_material
  • Sources: worldsteel-sections-2023
Electricity (hot_electricity_in)

Collect this atomic exchange only for the hot_rolling route and normalize it to accepted net finished mass of the same batch.

  • Selected flow: Electricity b989a649-ca09-44b8-abab-a069148d0b1e
  • Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
  • Amount rule: Collect and report actual exchange per 1 kg reference flow using cp_hot_energy
  • Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
  • Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
  • Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
  • Collection protocol: cp_hot_energy
  • Sources: worldsteel-sections-2023
Natural gas (hot_gas_in)

Collect this atomic exchange only for the hot_rolling route and normalize it to accepted net finished mass of the same batch. Include only when the gas-fired reheating furnace actually consumes natural gas.

  • Selected flow: Natural gas 4bfd1abb-9106-495a-a291-ce410f205691
  • Flow property / unit: Gross calorific value / MJ
  • Amount rule: Collect and report actual exchange per 1 kg reference flow using cp_hot_energy
  • Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
  • Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
  • Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
  • Collection protocol: cp_hot_energy
  • Sources: worldsteel-sections-2023

Outputs

Product flows
Finished hot-rolled steel sheet piling (hot_sheet_pile_out)

Collect this atomic exchange only for the hot_rolling route and normalize it to accepted net finished mass of the same batch.

  • Selected flow: Finished hot-rolled steel sheet piling
  • Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
  • Amount rule: 1 kg
  • Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
  • Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
  • Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
  • Collection protocol: cp_hot_output
  • Sources: worldsteel-sections-2023
Waste flows
Steel scrap (hot_scrap_out)

Collect this atomic exchange only for the hot_rolling route and normalize it to accepted net finished mass of the same batch.

  • Selected flow: Steel scrap e4449c6f-3b27-426d-ba8d-47c20c99c609
  • Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
  • Amount rule: Collect and report actual exchange per 1 kg reference flow using cp_hot_scrap
  • Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
  • Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
  • Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
  • Collection protocol: cp_hot_scrap
  • Sources: worldsteel-sections-2023

Process: Sheet-pile cold forming (cold_forming)

Inputs

Product flows
Hot-rolled steel coil (cold_coil_in)

Collect this atomic exchange only for the cold_forming route and normalize it to accepted net finished mass of the same batch.

  • Selected flow: steel hot rolled coil 4f1a1835-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
  • Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
  • Amount rule: Collect and report actual exchange per 1 kg reference flow using cp_cold_material
  • Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
  • Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
  • Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
  • Collection protocol: cp_cold_material
  • Sources: arcelormittal-sheet-piling-routes
Electricity (cold_electricity_in)

Collect this atomic exchange only for the cold_forming route and normalize it to accepted net finished mass of the same batch.

  • Selected flow: Electricity b989a649-ca09-44b8-abab-a069148d0b1e
  • Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
  • Amount rule: Collect and report actual exchange per 1 kg reference flow using cp_cold_energy
  • Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
  • Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
  • Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
  • Collection protocol: cp_cold_energy
  • Sources: arcelormittal-sheet-piling-routes

Outputs

Product flows
Finished cold-formed steel sheet piling (cold_sheet_pile_out)

Collect this atomic exchange only for the cold_forming route and normalize it to accepted net finished mass of the same batch.

  • Selected flow: Finished cold-formed steel sheet piling
  • Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
  • Amount rule: 1 kg
  • Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
  • Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
  • Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
  • Collection protocol: cp_cold_output
  • Sources: arcelormittal-sheet-piling-routes
Waste flows
Steel scrap (cold_scrap_out)

Collect this atomic exchange only for the cold_forming route and normalize it to accepted net finished mass of the same batch.

  • Selected flow: Steel scrap e4449c6f-3b27-426d-ba8d-47c20c99c609
  • Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
  • Amount rule: Collect and report actual exchange per 1 kg reference flow using cp_cold_scrap
  • Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
  • Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
  • Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
  • Collection protocol: cp_cold_scrap
  • Sources: arcelormittal-sheet-piling-routes

Process: Welded section fabrication (welded_fabrication)

Inputs

Product flows
Steel plate for welded sections (weld_plate_in)

Collect this atomic exchange only for the welded_fabrication route and normalize it to accepted net finished mass of the same batch.

  • Selected flow: Steel plate for welded sections
  • Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
  • Amount rule: Collect and report actual exchange per 1 kg reference flow using cp_weld_material
  • Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
  • Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
  • Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
  • Collection protocol: cp_weld_material
  • Sources: sci-welded-sections-ss052a
Flux-cored welding wire (weld_wire_in)

Collect this atomic exchange only for the welded_fabrication route and normalize it to accepted net finished mass of the same batch. Include only when flux-cored wire is actually used; another filler requires its own specific atomic row in the data package.

  • Selected flow: Flux Cored Wire 1b74a576-06e0-4764-97ce-11a73f8a4752
  • Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
  • Amount rule: Collect and report actual exchange per 1 kg reference flow using cp_weld_material
  • Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
  • Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
  • Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
  • Collection protocol: cp_weld_material
  • Sources: sci-welded-sections-ss052a
Electricity (weld_electricity_in)

Collect this atomic exchange only for the welded_fabrication route and normalize it to accepted net finished mass of the same batch.

  • Selected flow: Electricity b989a649-ca09-44b8-abab-a069148d0b1e
  • Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
  • Amount rule: Collect and report actual exchange per 1 kg reference flow using cp_weld_energy
  • Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
  • Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
  • Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
  • Collection protocol: cp_weld_energy
  • Sources: sci-welded-sections-ss052a

Outputs

Product flows
Finished welded steel angle, shape or section (welded_section_out)

Collect this atomic exchange only for the welded_fabrication route and normalize it to accepted net finished mass of the same batch.

  • Selected flow: Finished welded steel angle, shape or section
  • Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
  • Amount rule: 1 kg
  • Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
  • Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
  • Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
  • Collection protocol: cp_weld_output
  • Sources: sci-welded-sections-ss052a
Waste flows
Steel scrap (weld_scrap_out)

Collect this atomic exchange only for the welded_fabrication route and normalize it to accepted net finished mass of the same batch.

  • Selected flow: Steel scrap e4449c6f-3b27-426d-ba8d-47c20c99c609
  • Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
  • Amount rule: Collect and report actual exchange per 1 kg reference flow using cp_weld_scrap
  • Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
  • Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
  • Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
  • Collection protocol: cp_weld_scrap
  • Sources: sci-welded-sections-ss052a

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_idapplies_torulesource_ids
allocation_subdivideshared_operationsPrefer measured process subdivision among hot rolling, cold forming and welded fabrication.ghg-product-standard-2011
allocation_residualshared_operationsFor inseparable shared burdens, allocate using a verified physical relationship; document the relationship, data and sensitivity.ghg-product-standard-2011
scrap_accountingsteel_scrapRecord mass and destination of exported or internally reused scrap; do not double count internal recirculation as external scrap input or end-of-life credit.worldsteel-sections-2023

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_idprocess_idflow_rolerecord_typeraw_fieldscollection_methodunitfrequencytemporal_coveragesite_scopeaggregation_rulequality_evidence
cp_hot_materialhot_rollinghot_billet_inBatch production recordbatch ID; exchange amount; accepted net finished mass; meter or invoice IDRead batch ledger or calibrated meter and reconcile with production and acceptance records.kgeach batchrepresentative production periodone manufacturing siteper 1 kg reference flowscale/meter calibration and mass-balance reconciliation
cp_hot_energyhot_rollinghot_electricity_in, hot_gas_inBatch production recordbatch ID; exchange amount; accepted net finished mass; meter or invoice IDRead batch ledger or calibrated meter and reconcile with production and acceptance records.kg or MJeach batchrepresentative production periodone manufacturing siteper 1 kg reference flowscale/meter calibration and mass-balance reconciliation
cp_hot_outputhot_rollinghot_sheet_pile_outBatch production recordbatch ID; exchange amount; accepted net finished mass; meter or invoice IDRead batch ledger or calibrated meter and reconcile with production and acceptance records.kgeach batchrepresentative production periodone manufacturing siteper 1 kg reference flowscale/meter calibration and mass-balance reconciliation
cp_hot_scraphot_rollinghot_scrap_outBatch production recordbatch ID; exchange amount; accepted net finished mass; meter or invoice IDRead batch ledger or calibrated meter and reconcile with production and acceptance records.kgeach batchrepresentative production periodone manufacturing siteper 1 kg reference flowscale/meter calibration and mass-balance reconciliation
cp_cold_materialcold_formingcold_coil_inBatch production recordbatch ID; exchange amount; accepted net finished mass; meter or invoice IDRead batch ledger or calibrated meter and reconcile with production and acceptance records.kgeach batchrepresentative production periodone manufacturing siteper 1 kg reference flowscale/meter calibration and mass-balance reconciliation
cp_cold_energycold_formingcold_electricity_inBatch production recordbatch ID; exchange amount; accepted net finished mass; meter or invoice IDRead batch ledger or calibrated meter and reconcile with production and acceptance records.kg or MJeach batchrepresentative production periodone manufacturing siteper 1 kg reference flowscale/meter calibration and mass-balance reconciliation
cp_cold_outputcold_formingcold_sheet_pile_outBatch production recordbatch ID; exchange amount; accepted net finished mass; meter or invoice IDRead batch ledger or calibrated meter and reconcile with production and acceptance records.kgeach batchrepresentative production periodone manufacturing siteper 1 kg reference flowscale/meter calibration and mass-balance reconciliation
cp_cold_scrapcold_formingcold_scrap_outBatch production recordbatch ID; exchange amount; accepted net finished mass; meter or invoice IDRead batch ledger or calibrated meter and reconcile with production and acceptance records.kgeach batchrepresentative production periodone manufacturing siteper 1 kg reference flowscale/meter calibration and mass-balance reconciliation
cp_weld_materialwelded_fabricationweld_plate_in, weld_wire_inBatch production recordbatch ID; exchange amount; accepted net finished mass; meter or invoice IDRead batch ledger or calibrated meter and reconcile with production and acceptance records.kgeach batchrepresentative production periodone manufacturing siteper 1 kg reference flowscale/meter calibration and mass-balance reconciliation
cp_weld_energywelded_fabricationweld_electricity_inBatch production recordbatch ID; exchange amount; accepted net finished mass; meter or invoice IDRead batch ledger or calibrated meter and reconcile with production and acceptance records.kg or MJeach batchrepresentative production periodone manufacturing siteper 1 kg reference flowscale/meter calibration and mass-balance reconciliation
cp_weld_outputwelded_fabricationwelded_section_outBatch production recordbatch ID; exchange amount; accepted net finished mass; meter or invoice IDRead batch ledger or calibrated meter and reconcile with production and acceptance records.kgeach batchrepresentative production periodone manufacturing siteper 1 kg reference flowscale/meter calibration and mass-balance reconciliation
cp_weld_scrapwelded_fabricationweld_scrap_outBatch production recordbatch ID; exchange amount; accepted net finished mass; meter or invoice IDRead batch ledger or calibrated meter and reconcile with production and acceptance records.kgeach batchrepresentative production periodone manufacturing siteper 1 kg reference flowscale/meter calibration and mass-balance reconciliation

Calculation Rules

rule_idApplies toFormula or ruleInputsOutputsource_ids
batch_normalizationall inventory rowsDivide attributable exchange amount for one batch by accepted net finished mass for that batch; calculate each route separately.batch exchange amount; accepted net finished massamount per 1 kg reference flow
energy_conversionhot_electricity_in, cold_electricity_in, weld_electricity_inIf meter records are in kWh, convert at 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ before reporting; do not mix net and gross calorific bases.meter reading; unitMJ

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_idApplies toRequirementEvidence
dq_identityall routesDeclare finished product profile, grade and route; match the process map and reference output row.order and acceptance record
dq_massall routesUse accepted net mass as denominator; reconcile material input, finished output and steel scrap.calibration record and mass balance
dq_energyall routesRecord electricity and natural gas separately; disclose electricity units and the gross-calorific gas basis.meter, invoices and calorific-value record

9. Validation Rules

rule_idapplies_torulesource_ids
validate_routeall routesEach dataset shall use only the manufacturing route and reference output row matching its declared finished product.un-cpc-3-2025
validate_balanceall routesReconcile same-batch steel input, finished output and steel scrap; explain differences without unsupported industry factors.
validate_uuidall inventory rowsResolve unfinished sheet-pile, welded-section and plate UUIDs before dataset publication; do not substitute generic steel flows.

10. Published Dataset Profile

FieldValue
dataset_roleforeground manufacturing dataset
downstream_useFactory-gate inventory for process and lifecyclemodel projections of the declared steel product
allowed_useComparable form, grade, route, geography and period
excluded_useNot for installation, use or end-of-life; no unlabelled average across hot-rolled, cold-formed and welded routes
required_metadataproduct form; grade; profile and length; route; site; period; reference output row; net mass
required_quality_disclosureunresolved UUIDs, missing data, allocation and background data choices
update_triggermaterial change in process, grade, metering or background data

11. Data Sources

Source idTypeReferenceUsed for
un-cpc-3-2025official_guidancehttps://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csvproduct identity
worldsteel-sections-2023datasethttps://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Sections-Global-Construction.pdfhot-rolled section route, declared unit, boundary and recycling separation
sci-welded-sections-ss052aextension_guidancehttps://steelconstruction.info/images/9/9b/SS052a.pdfplate cutting and welded-section process decomposition
arcelormittal-sheet-piling-routesextension_guidancehttps://sheetpiling.arcelormittal.com/sites/default/files/2024-05/AMCRPS_Flyer-EPD-LCA-Public-procurement-infrastructure-en-2022-web%5B1%5D.pdfhot-rolled and cold-formed sheet-pile route distinction
ghg-product-standard-2011standardhttps://ghgprotocol.org/sites/default/files/standards/Product-Life-Cycle-Accounting-Reporting-Standard_041613.pdfallocation hierarchy

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System boundary rules · 2
Rule IDApplies toRuleSource IDs
boundary_gateall routesFrom receipt of purchased steel to accepted finished product at the factory gate, collect route-specific direct materials, energy and steel scrap.worldsteel-sections-2023
boundary_recyclingend_of_lifeKeep end-of-life recycling credits separate from the factory-gate result.worldsteel-sections-2023
Allocation rules · 3
Rule IDApplies toRuleSource IDs
allocation_subdivideshared_operationsPrefer measured process subdivision among hot rolling, cold forming and welded fabrication.ghg-product-standard-2011
allocation_residualshared_operationsFor inseparable shared burdens, allocate using a verified physical relationship; document the relationship, data and sensitivity.ghg-product-standard-2011
scrap_accountingsteel_scrapRecord mass and destination of exported or internally reused scrap; do not double count internal recirculation as external scrap input or end-of-life credit.worldsteel-sections-2023
Validation rules · 3
Rule IDApplies toRuleSource IDs
validate_routeall routesEach dataset shall use only the manufacturing route and reference output row matching its declared finished product.un-cpc-3-2025
validate_balanceall routesReconcile same-batch steel input, finished output and steel scrap; explain differences without unsupported industry factors.
validate_uuidall inventory rowsResolve unfinished sheet-pile, welded-section and plate UUIDs before dataset publication; do not substitute generic steel flows.
Processes and inputs/outputs · 3
Process IDProcess nameInput flowsOutput flows
hot_rollingSheet-pile hot rolling32
cold_formingSheet-pile cold forming22
welded_fabricationWelded section fabrication32

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