Tin, unwrought

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers foreground production of tin in unwrought market form from received tin concentrate, received tin scrap, or a declared mixture of primary and secondary tin-bearing feed. It covers on-site feed preparation, pyrometallurgical reduction or secondary recovery, refining when performed, casting or granulation into the declared unwrought form, internal recovery loops, direct emissions control, and management of process residues up to the facility gate.

The PCR covers non-alloyed tin and tin alloys only while they remain in an unwrought market state. It excludes tin ores and concentrates as final products; semi-finished bars, rods, profiles, wire, plate, sheet, strip, foil, tubes, powders and flakes; fabricated tin articles; mining and beneficiation unless they occur inside the declared foreground facility; use; and end-of-life. Upstream production of purchased feed, electricity, fuels, oxygen, water, chemicals, and transport is represented by linked upstream datasets rather than duplicated in the foreground inventory.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.basic-metals.tin-unwrought
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 41443, Tin, unwrought (un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025)
covered_products	Non-alloyed tin and tin alloys sold in declared unwrought forms, including ingots, blocks, slabs, billets, pigs, cakes or granules, when these forms are the direct facility-gate product rather than a semi-finished article.
excluded_products	Tin ores and concentrates sold as such; waste and scrap sold without recovery; semi-finished tin products; powders and flakes; fabricated articles; products whose tin grade, alloy composition or unwrought form is not declared.
representative_product	Refined non-alloyed tin in cast ingot form; the International Tin Association study uses refined tin at 99.95% as its representative functional-unit product (international-tin-association-refined-tin-lca).
production_route	Declared primary pyrometallurgical reduction of oxidic tin concentrate, declared secondary recovery from tin-bearing scrap or residues, or a measured combination, followed by route-specific refining and unwrought-form production.
market_state	Saleable solid unwrought tin at the producing facility gate, with grade or alloy composition, physical form, primary/secondary feed share, geography and technology declared.

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Saleable tin in the declared unwrought grade and physical form at the producing facility gate.
How much	1 kg net mass of saleable unwrought tin.
How well	Conforms to the producer's declared grade or alloy specification; free of production packaging and excluding returned, internally recycled or off-specification material.
How long or cycle	One production reporting period normalized to one released product batch; no use duration is assigned.
reference_flow_link	tin_unwrought_output

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Tin, unwrought 07de00e1-3c49-4ce8-9ca2-effb07762623
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	grade or alloy designation and composition; unwrought physical form; primary and secondary feed shares on a tin-content basis; feed types and supplier boundaries; production technology; facility geography; reporting period; product moisture or surface-condition convention; allocation and recycling model; direct-emission and residue-treatment boundaries

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_product_mass	reference product and solid material exchanges	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Use calibrated net mass. Exclude pallets, moulds, return metal and production packaging; state the moisture and surface-condition convention for feed and product.
tin_content_basis	primary/secondary feed shares and tin recovery	Mass of contained tin	kg Sn	Determine contained tin from representative sampling and assay for each feed and output lot; never substitute gross material mass for contained-tin mass in recovery or route-share calculations.
electricity_energy	purchased electricity	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	MJ	Preserve metered electricity before conversion. When records are in kWh, multiply by 3.6 MJ/kWh and disclose voltage, grid or contractual mix, and the delivery-loss boundary.
gas_reference_conditions	natural gas and industrial oxygen	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	Record metered volume and the reference temperature, pressure and dry/wet convention; convert supplier-normal or standard cubic metres only with the declared reference conditions.
water_mass_conversion	process water	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Prefer direct mass or convert a calibrated volume record using measured or documented density at the stated temperature; count only fresh make-up or net transferred water and disclose recirculation.
direct_air_emissions	fossil carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report direct post-abatement releases from the foreground facility. Do not add upstream electricity or purchased-fuel supply-chain emissions to these rows.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Tin-bearing concentrate, tin waste and scrap, or another specifically declared tin-bearing secondary feed is received at the foreground facility gate with measured wet or dry mass, representative assay, moisture, source and product-or-waste status.
starting_condition_role	Gate-to-gate foreground starting condition for unwrought tin production; upstream mining, beneficiation, scrap collection, pre-treatment outside the facility and transport are linked as upstream systems.
product_classification_scope	The reference output is CPC 3.0 subclass 41443; input classifications do not redefine canonical PCR identity.
recursive_input_rule	Any purchased unwrought tin in the same product category is recorded as a separate input with its own upstream dataset and is not recursively remodelled under this foreground production system. Internal return tin is recorded as an internal loop and excluded from purchased input totals.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Every purchased feed, energy carrier, utility and chemical requires a geography-, technology-, state- and delivery-boundary-appropriate upstream dataset or an explicit data gap; secondary feed also requires the declared recycling or cut-off model.
disclosure	Declare feed routes and shares, contained-tin assay basis, preprocessing ownership, technology, internal recycle loops, refining sequence, alloy additions, product grade and form, abatement configuration, water recirculation, residue destinations, allocation method and temporal/geographic coverage.

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_feed_gate	foreground starting boundary	Start at measured receipt of specifically identified tin-bearing feed; do not silently include or exclude upstream mining, beneficiation, scrap preparation or transport.	ec-jrc-nfm-bref-2017
boundary_route_condition	primary and secondary route applicability	Declare at least one actual production route. Record tin_concentrate only for primary concentrate reduction and tin_scrap only for the secondary-feed route; a mixed route records each independently.	ec-jrc-nfm-bref-2017; international-tin-association-refined-tin-lca
boundary_internal_recycle	returned dust, dross, slag and metal	Track internal return quantities for mass balance but do not count the same material as both an external output and an internal recycle.	ec-jrc-nfm-bref-2017
boundary_facility_gate	reference product ending boundary	End when conforming unwrought tin is weighed and released at the producing facility gate; downstream working, fabrication, use and end-of-life are excluded.	un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025; international-tin-association-refined-tin-lca

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
tin_unwrought_production	Feed preparation, tin recovery, refining, casting and emission control	required	Always include the measured foreground production system; at least one declared primary or secondary feed route must be active, while route-specific exchanges are recorded only when their conditions apply.	Foreground production from received tin-bearing feed through saleable unwrought tin, including internal recovery and direct abatement.	1 kg net saleable unwrought tin output

Process: Feed preparation, tin recovery, refining, casting and emission control (tin_unwrought_production)

Inputs

Product flows

Primary-route tin concentrate (tin_concentrate)

Record this exchange only when oxidic tin concentrate crosses the facility boundary for primary pyrometallurgical production. Keep each supplier lot's gross mass, dry mass, moisture and tin assay linked.

• Selected flow: Tin concentrate 134347e0-d564-42f8-a82c-328a2b6f9618
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured dry mass of received tin concentrate consumed by the reporting-period product system
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable unwrought tin output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_assay
• Sources: ec-jrc-nfm-bref-2017

Secondary-route tin scrap (tin_scrap)

Record separately received tin waste and scrap only when it has crossed the facility boundary for recovery. Declare legal product-or-waste status, contamination, pre-treatment and contained-tin assay.

• Selected flow: Waste and scrap of tin e7221683-4cdd-4aa4-ab05-95a830757c21
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured dry mass of received tin scrap consumed by the reporting-period product system
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable unwrought tin output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_assay
• Sources: ec-jrc-nfm-bref-2017

Primary-route metallurgical coke (metallurgical_coke)

Record metallurgical coke only when it is actually charged as the carbonaceous reductant for oxidic tin feed. Other carbon materials are different exchanges and require their own rows in the foreground implementation.

• Selected flow: metallurgical coke a94c42b1-7fa9-42f3-a9d1-1e7353e8490d
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured charged mass of metallurgical coke
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable unwrought tin output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_assay
• Sources: ec-jrc-nfm-bref-2017

Purchased electricity (electricity)

Record metered electrical energy consumed by feed preparation, furnaces, refining, casting, ventilation, abatement, water treatment and directly supporting on-site equipment within the declared boundary.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: metered purchased electricity allocated to the foreground product system and converted to MJ
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable unwrought tin output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_electricity_meter
• Sources: ec-jrc-nfm-bref-2017

Gaseous natural gas (natural_gas)

Record only natural gas consumed on site for drying, furnace firing, refining kettles, casting or afterburners. Keep other fuels as separate implementation rows.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered natural-gas volume at declared reference conditions
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable unwrought tin output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_gas_and_oxygen_meter
• Sources: ec-jrc-nfm-bref-2017

Industrial oxygen (industrial_oxygen)

Record only purchased or separately metered industrial oxygen used for oxygen enrichment or oxidation. Do not count ambient combustion air as this product input.

• Selected flow: Industrial oxygen bd4b0f96-2090-4806-a648-335ab20ff401
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered industrial-oxygen volume at declared reference conditions
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable unwrought tin output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_gas_and_oxygen_meter
• Sources: ec-jrc-nfm-bref-2017

Process-water make-up (process_water)

Record fresh process-water make-up that crosses the facility boundary or a separately modelled on-site supply boundary. Internal recirculation is disclosed but not repeatedly counted as input.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net process-water make-up after subtracting returned or recirculated water
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable unwrought tin output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_balance
• Sources: ec-jrc-nfm-bref-2017

Sodium hydroxide (sodium_hydroxide)

Record sodium hydroxide only when it is consumed in a declared leaching, impurity-removal, gas-treatment or wastewater-treatment step inside the foreground boundary. Other alkalis remain separate exchanges.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide e0abcced-0611-4c24-9290-5a2c5a0c4169
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass of 100% sodium-hydroxide equivalent consumed, with solution concentration retained
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable unwrought tin output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_assay
• Sources: ec-jrc-nfm-bref-2017

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Net saleable unwrought tin (tin_unwrought_output)

This is the reference product after any declared refining, alloy adjustment and casting or granulation. Use the exact Tiangong Chinese baseName in the aligned Chinese rendering while retaining the professional PCR title separately.

• Selected flow: Tin, unwrought 07de00e1-3c49-4ce8-9ca2-effb07762623
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net conforming output divided by itself to establish exactly 1 kg reference output; report gross output, returns and off-specification deductions separately
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: exactly 1 kg net saleable unwrought tin output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_product_release_mass
• Sources: un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025; international-tin-association-refined-tin-lca

Waste flows

Net exported tin-smelting slag (tin_smelting_slag)

Record the measured mass of tin-smelting slag only when it leaves the foreground system for recovery, treatment or disposal. Slag returned to a furnace is an internal loop and is not an external waste output.

• Selected flow: Tin-smelting slag
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net mass leaving the foreground boundary, classified by destination and hazardous status
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable unwrought tin output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residue_dispatch
• Sources: ec-jrc-nfm-bref-2017

Net exported tin-production baghouse dust (tin_baghouse_dust)

Record captured dust from tin-production bag filters only when it leaves the foreground system. Dust returned internally is recorded in the internal-recycle ledger and excluded from this net output.

• Selected flow: Baghouse dust from tin production
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net captured-dust mass dispatched outside the foreground boundary
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable unwrought tin output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residue_dispatch
• Sources: ec-jrc-nfm-bref-2017

Net exported tin-refining dross (tin_refining_dross)

Record dross produced by the declared tin-refining operation only when it leaves the foreground system. Preserve impurity composition and recovery or disposal destination.

• Selected flow: Tin-refining dross
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net dross mass dispatched outside the foreground boundary
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable unwrought tin output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residue_dispatch
• Sources: ec-jrc-nfm-bref-2017

Elementary flows

Direct fossil carbon dioxide to air (fossil_carbon_dioxide_to_air)

Record direct fossil carbon dioxide from carbonaceous reduction and on-site fossil-fuel combustion inside the foreground boundary. Exclude upstream electricity and fuel-supply emissions.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured continuous-emission total or calculated direct fossil CO2 from reconciled fuel and reductant carbon records using the declared calculation method
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable unwrought tin output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_air_emissions
• Sources: ec-jrc-nfm-bref-2017

Direct sulfur dioxide to air (sulfur_dioxide_to_air)

Record post-abatement sulfur dioxide released directly to outdoor air when sulfur-bearing feed, fuels or treatment steps make it applicable. The exact unspecified-air Tiangong UUID remains unresolved.

• Selected flow: Sulfur dioxide to air, unspecified
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured post-abatement stack and quantified fugitive sulfur-dioxide mass released from the foreground facility
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable unwrought tin output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_air_emissions
• Sources: ec-jrc-nfm-bref-2017

Direct particulate matter to air (particulate_matter_to_air)

Record total post-abatement particulate matter released directly to air when particle-size-specific measurements are unavailable. Do not add captured baghouse dust to this emitted elementary flow.

• Selected flow: Particulate matter, particle size unspecified 0ce3dedb-caca-407b-a856-a90470eb8ec0
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured post-abatement stack and quantified fugitive particulate mass released from the foreground facility
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable unwrought tin output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_air_emissions
• Sources: ec-jrc-nfm-bref-2017

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid_by_subdivision	route, refining and recovery subprocesses	Avoid allocation by separately metering primary and secondary feed campaigns, recovery steps and independently measured co-product operations.
allocation_internal_returns	internally returned tin metal, slag, dross and dust	Treat a material returned within the declared foreground boundary as an internal loop: retain its quantity for process control and mass balance, but assign neither an external output credit nor a second upstream burden.	ec-jrc-nfm-bref-2017
allocation_external_coproducts	marketable metals, alloys or recovered compounds leaving the system	Report each external co-product's mass, contained metals, quality, destination and revenue. If subdivision cannot avoid allocation, the dataset is incomplete until the chosen physical, economic or substitution method and its justification are reviewed and disclosed; do not silently allocate by gross mass.
allocation_secondary_feed	tin scrap and other secondary feed	Apply one declared recycling model consistently in the linked upstream dataset and the foreground product system; disclose burden-free cut-off, recycled-content, end-of-life or substitution choices and prevent duplicate avoided-burden credits.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_mass_assay	tin_unwrought_production	concentrate, scrap, coke and sodium-hydroxide inputs	weighbridge, batch ticket, supplier certificate and laboratory assay	timestamp; material identity; supplier; gross, tare and net mass; moisture; tin assay where applicable; solution concentration; batch; destination	Calibrated weighing linked to representative sampling and laboratory or supplier assay; reconcile receipts, stock changes and returns.	kg; mass fraction	each receipt and batch	complete reporting period including opening and closing stock	all foreground receiving and storage points	consumption = receipts + opening stock - closing stock - dispatches; convert solutions to 100% active mass and wet solids to declared dry basis	calibration records; chain of custody; sampling plan; assay method; certificates; stock reconciliation
cp_electricity_meter	tin_unwrought_production	purchased electricity input	revenue and submeters	timestamp; meter id; reading; unit; process area; voltage; grid or contract; import/export	Read calibrated meters and allocate shared loads only with documented operating-hour or engineering evidence.	kWh	hourly or finer, aggregated monthly	complete reporting period	all in-boundary process and directly supporting areas	net imported kWh minus separately modelled exports, converted at 3.6 MJ/kWh and normalized to net product	meter calibration; bills; missing-data log; allocation worksheet
cp_gas_and_oxygen_meter	tin_unwrought_production	natural gas and industrial oxygen inputs	custody-transfer or process meter	timestamp; gas identity; volume; temperature; pressure; dry/wet convention; meter id; process area	Use calibrated meters or reconciled supplier deliveries and tanks; keep gases separate.	m3 at declared conditions	continuous or each delivery	complete reporting period	all in-boundary users	reconcile opening/closing storage and purchases, then normalize each gas independently	calibration; supplier statement; reference-condition calculation; balance closure
cp_water_balance	tin_unwrought_production	process-water make-up	water meter and tank balance	timestamp; source; make-up; discharge; recycle; evaporation estimate; storage change; unit; density basis	Meter make-up and discharge separately; quantify recirculation for disclosure without counting it again as external input.	kg or m3 with density	daily or finer	complete reporting period and representative operating states	all process, cooling, gas-cleaning and treatment systems in boundary	net external make-up = inflow + opening storage - closing storage - exported unused water; convert volume to mass under water_mass_conversion	calibrated meters; water-balance closure; density record; maintenance and leak log
cp_product_release_mass	tin_unwrought_production	reference product output	certified product scale and release record	batch; grade/alloy; composition; form; gross, tare and net mass; off-spec mass; return mass; release status	Weigh each released lot and link laboratory release to the same batch.	kg	each batch	complete reporting period	all product casting, granulation, storage and dispatch points	net saleable output = released conforming mass - returned mass; normalize all exchanges by this output	calibration; release certificate; assay; inventory reconciliation
cp_residue_dispatch	tin_unwrought_production	slag, baghouse dust and refining dross outputs	container scale, manifest and destination record	residue identity; origin; mass; moisture; composition; hazardous status; internal return; consignee; treatment route	Weigh each residue movement and distinguish internal return from external dispatch.	kg	each movement	complete reporting period	all residue generation, storage, return and dispatch points	net external output = dispatch outside boundary - material returned from external processing when included; never include internal recycle	scale calibration; waste manifest; assay; chain of custody; destination acceptance
cp_direct_air_emissions	tin_unwrought_production	direct CO2, SO2 and particulate outputs	continuous monitor, stack test, fuel/reductant record and fugitive estimate	source; pollutant; concentration; flow; operating time; fuel/reductant quantity and carbon; abatement status; uncertainty; detection limit	Use valid continuous monitoring or representative stack testing; calculate only where measurement is unavailable and document factors and oxidation assumptions.	kg and source measurement units	continuous where installed; otherwise each representative campaign	covers normal operation, start-up, shutdown and material variability	every in-boundary point and quantified fugitive source	integrate concentration × dry gas flow over time, reconcile with calculation method, subtract no captured residue from an already post-abatement measurement, normalize to net product	monitor QA/QC; test report; calibration gas; operating log; uncertainty and data-gap record

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	all inventory rows	normalized amount = reporting-period exchange amount / reporting-period net saleable unwrought tin mass	exchange amount; cp_product_release_mass net output	exchange per 1 kg reference product
calc_dry_feed	moist concentrate, scrap and residues	dry mass = net wet mass × (1 - measured moisture mass fraction)	calibrated mass; representative moisture	kg dry material
calc_contained_tin	feed, product, residue and co-product	contained tin = dry material mass × representative tin mass fraction	dry mass; assay	kg Sn and tin recovery reconciliation
calc_route_share	mixed primary/secondary production	route share = contained tin entering from the declared route / total contained tin entering from all external tin-bearing feed	contained tin by feed lot and route	primary and secondary tin-input shares
calc_electricity_mj	purchased electricity	electricity (MJ) = metered electricity (kWh) × 3.6	net imported kWh	MJ electricity
calc_solution_active_mass	sodium hydroxide solution	active NaOH mass = solution mass × certified or measured NaOH mass fraction	solution mass; concentration	kg 100% NaOH equivalent
calc_direct_co2	direct fossil CO2 when not continuously measured	apply the declared carbon-balance or accepted jurisdictional method separately to each fossil fuel and reductant; retain carbon content, oxidation and non-energy-use assumptions	fuel and coke use; carbon analyses; accepted factors; measured carbon retained in products/residues	kg direct fossil CO2

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity_and_route	product and tin-bearing feed	Link every batch to an exact material identity, product-or-waste status, grade/composition, route and boundary; do not merge primary and secondary feed into an unassayed umbrella total.	batch genealogy; supplier documents; assays; route ledger
dq_measurement	mass, energy, gas and water records	Use calibrated instruments with units, reference conditions, missing-data treatment and conversion records retained.	calibration certificates; meter logs; conversion worksheet
dq_temporal	reporting period	Cover a representative continuous period including planned and unplanned operating states; disclose exclusions, shutdowns, stock changes and campaign changes.	production calendar; downtime log; stock reconciliation
dq_completeness	inventory	Reconcile purchased feed, contained tin, product, residues, internal returns, energy, water and direct emissions; investigate material gaps rather than balancing with an unspecified exchange.	signed mass/energy/water balances; gap log; corrective actions
dq_abatement_and_destination	direct emissions and residues	Identify measurement as pre- or post-abatement and retain the actual residue destination, internal return status and treatment evidence.	stack schematic; abatement operating log; manifests; treatment receipts
dq_representativeness	published dataset	State facility geography, furnace and refining technologies, feed mix, grade/form, year and allocation/recycling model; do not claim industry-average representativeness from a single facility without a reviewed aggregation design.	dataset metadata; technology description; sampling and aggregation record

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	reference flow	The reference flow UUID, Mass property, mass unit group and 1 kg reference amount must match; the data package must declare grade/alloy, form, route shares, geography, technology and reporting period.	un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025
validate_route_applicability	conditional feed and utility rows	A primary-route concentrate or coke amount is invalid without a declared primary reduction route; a tin-scrap amount is invalid without a declared secondary route; conditional utilities and chemicals require a named consuming operation.	ec-jrc-nfm-bref-2017
validate_tin_balance	feed, product, co-product, residue and internal return	Calculate a contained-tin balance using compatible dry-mass and assay bases. An unexplained imbalance or use of gross feed mass as tin content is an error.
validate_no_double_counting	internal recycle and external outputs	The same slag, dust, dross or returned metal quantity must not be both an internal return and an external output, and secondary-feed credits must not be counted twice.	ec-jrc-nfm-bref-2017
validate_direct_emissions	CO2, SO2 and particulate matter	Direct-emission rows must represent the foreground facility only, state post-abatement status and source coverage, and exclude upstream electricity and fuel-supply emissions.	ec-jrc-nfm-bref-2017
validate_atomic_exchanges	process inventory	Each selected flow must be one concrete material, waste or emission. Unlisted fuels, fluxes, alloy additions, treatment reagents, wastes or pollutants used by the actual route require separate rows rather than aggregation into an umbrella exchange.
validate_unresolved_uuids	slag, dust, dross and sulfur dioxide rows	UUID-empty rows may be collected by their exact declared physical identity but cannot be represented by a generic or wrong-compartment proxy; keep them flagged for UUID resolution.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground production dataset for saleable unwrought tin at a producing facility gate.
downstream_use	May serve as a secondary_dataset or background_dataset after methodology and data-quality review.
allowed_use	Product carbon-footprint and LCA models requiring declared facility or aggregated unwrought-tin production; supply-chain modelling where grade, form, route mix, geography, technology, allocation and recycling model are compatible.
excluded_use	Mining concentrate, semi-finished or fabricated tin products; undeclared alloy grades; generic global or national averages derived from one site; consequential recycling claims without an explicit model; substitution for route- or grade-incompatible production.
required_metadata	PCR id and version; flow UUID; grade/alloy composition; unwrought form; facility geography; technology; feed identities; primary/secondary contained-tin shares; upstream boundaries; reporting period; allocation and recycling model; abatement and water systems; residue destinations.
required_quality_disclosure	Primary data share; temporal, geographical and technological representativeness; meter and assay coverage; contained-tin balance; missing-data treatment; uncertainty; allocation sensitivity; unresolved UUID rows; deviations from this PCR.
update_trigger	Material change in feed route or share, furnace/refining/casting technology, energy supply, product grade or form, abatement, water system, residue destination, allocation/recycling model, facility geography, or when data age no longer represents current operation.

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025	Official guidance (official_guidance)	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv (retrieved 2026-09-04).	Official CPC 41443 product identity and classification boundary.
ec-jrc-nfm-bref-2017	Official guidance (official_guidance)	European Commission Joint Research Centre, Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Non-Ferrous Metals Industries, 2017, DOI 10.2760/8224, https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2020-01/JRC107041_NFM_bref2017.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-04).	Primary oxidic-feed reduction with carbon or coke; secondary tin-bearing feed; refining routes; material, energy, oxygen, gas, water, residue and direct-emission inventory structure; abatement, internal recovery and water-management boundary rules.
international-tin-association-refined-tin-lca	Literature (literature)	International Tin Association, Life Cycle Assessment of tin production, https://www.internationaltin.org/reports/lifecycle-assessment-of-tin-production/ (retrieved 2026-09-04).	Representative refined-tin product, primary and secondary production coverage, functional-unit context and cradle-to-gate boundary comparison.
china-customs-hs-8001-terminology-2011	Official guidance (official_guidance)	General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China, Announcement No. 49 of 2011, attachment to the China-Costa Rica Free Trade Agreement rules of origin, heading 8001 “未锻轧锡”, reproduced in China Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Gazette, 2011 Issue 53, https://zjjcmspublic.oss-cn-hangzhou-zwynet-d01-a.internet.cloud.zj.gov.cn/jcms_files/jcms1/web2757/site/picture/zcom/upload/20111130/U201111301322643543135.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-04).	Professional Chinese product-category title and official tariff terminology.