Flat-rolled products of non-alloy steel, clad, plated, coated or otherwise further worked

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to factory-gate production of flat-rolled non-alloy steel whose delivered state is obtained by cladding, metallic plating or coating, organic coating, or another declared further-working operation. It covers sheet, strip, plate, and coil across widths when the substrate remains non-alloy steel and the coating or further-working state is part of the sold product.

The foreground boundary starts with received hot-rolled or cold-rolled non-alloy flat steel and ends with accepted, finished product at the producing site's gate. It includes applicable surface preparation, thermal conditioning, metallic coating, organic coating, metal cladding, mechanical further working, finishing, packaging, on-site wastewater treatment, direct emissions, and generated wastes. Supplier-gate production of steel substrate, coating metals, paints, chemicals, fuels, electricity, water, and packaging is represented by linked upstream datasets.

Stainless-steel or other alloy-steel substrate products, silicon-electrical steel, high-speed steel, uncoated hot-rolled or cold-rolled products sold without further working, fabricated components whose flat-rolled identity is lost, downstream installation and use, and end-of-life are excluded. This PCR does not prescribe a particular product specification or coating system; the foreground data package must identify the actual route and exact retained layers.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.basic-metals.flat-rolled-products-of-non-alloy-steel-clad-plated-coated-or-otherwise-further-worked
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 41231, exact semantic scope; source un-cpc-3-0-2025
covered_products	Flat-rolled non-alloy steel sold after cladding, metallic plating/coating, organic coating, or another declared further-working operation, including coated sheet, strip, plate, and coil
excluded_products	Stainless or other alloy-steel substrate products; silicon-electrical and high-speed steel; flat steel sold only hot-rolled or cold-rolled without further working; fabricated downstream components; downstream use and end-of-life
representative_product	Finished flat-rolled non-alloy steel with declared substrate grade, dimensions, coating or cladding system, further-working route, surface treatment, and delivery form
production_route	Received flat-steel substrate followed by the applicable combination of preparation, thermal conditioning, metallic coating, organic coating, metal cladding, mechanical further working, finishing, and packaging
market_state	Dry finished sheet, strip, plate, or coil at the producing-site gate; retained metallic, organic, passivation, and protective-oil layers are included in product mass; transport packaging is reported separately

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provision of a specified flat-rolled non-alloy steel product in its declared clad, plated, coated, or otherwise further-worked state at the producing-site gate
How much	1,000 kg of accepted product, including all retained layers and excluding transport packaging
How well	Conforming to the declared steel grade, dimensions, coating/cladding material and mass or thickness, sidedness, surface treatment, mechanical condition, and acceptance specification
How long or cycle	Not applicable to the factory-gate declared unit; no service life is implied
reference_flow_link	reference_product

Field	Value
Reference amount	1,000 kg
Reference product flow	Flat-rolled products of non-alloy steel, clad, plated, coated or otherwise further worked (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	non-alloy steel grade; incoming substrate state and supplier dataset; sheet/strip/plate/coil form; width and thickness; coating, plating, cladding, or further-working route; every retained layer material; coating mass or thickness per side and sidedness; passivation and protective oil; production site and geography; production period; accepted-product specification; packaging configuration; allocation and recycling approach

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product and steel intermediates	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Determine accepted-product mass on a calibrated scale or from measured dimensions and verified density. Include retained coating, cladding, passivation, paint, and protective-oil layers; exclude transport packaging. Normalize all inventory rows to 1,000 kg accepted product.
coating_mass	metallic, organic, passivation, and cladding layers	Mass and, when reported, mass per area or thickness	kg retained layer and declared g/m2 or micrometre result	Derive retained-layer mass from reconciled bath or paint use and product measurements. Declare whether the value is total or per side and preserve the measured area, sidedness, density, and test method used for any conversion.
electricity_energy	alternating-current electricity	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	MJ	Preserve metered kWh and convert to MJ using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ. Declare geography, voltage, supplier/market basis, delivery boundary, and allocation of shared meters.
gas_volume	gaseous natural gas	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	Report metered volume at stated temperature, pressure, and moisture reference conditions. Preserve the supplier calorific value when energy or fossil-carbon calculations use it.
mass_balance	substrate, retained layers, accepted product, scrap, residues, and stock changes	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Reconcile dry mass over the production period. Explain differences between substrate plus retained additions and accepted product plus rejects, scrap, residues, emissions, and inventory changes.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Received hot-rolled or cold-rolled flat-rolled non-alloy steel before the coating, cladding, plating, or further-working operations represented by this foreground package
starting_condition_role	Upstream product input and physical starting condition for the foreground transformation
product_classification_scope	Flat-rolled non-alloy steel whose delivered state is clad, plated, coated, or otherwise further worked; classification is supporting context and does not replace declared product attributes
recursive_input_rule	If an input already belongs to this same product category, record it as a same-category supplier-gate input, declare its existing layers and starting condition, and do not reproduce the supplier's coating or further-working stage inside the foreground boundary
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link geographically and technologically representative supplier-gate datasets for the steel substrate and every purchased material, chemical, fuel, electricity supply, water supply, packaging component, and external treatment service
disclosure	Declare included and excluded route steps, on-site versus external treatment, shared utilities, abnormal operations included, cut-offs, allocation choices, recycled-content/end-of-life method, and any mismatch between supplier datasets and the foreground product state

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_start_and_end	foreground_product_system	Start with received flat-rolled non-alloy steel and end with accepted packaged product at the producing-site gate. Include every applicable transformation and on-site ancillary operation between those points.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
boundary_route_condition	conditional_processes	Include each conditional process only when its Process Map inclusion condition is met; record zero only when evidence shows that the route or exchange is absent.	eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022
boundary_energy_and_material_completeness	all_foreground_processes	Record each energy carrier separately and each materially or environmentally relevant material, chemical, waste stream, and elementary emission as an atomic exchange. Document exclusions and their basis.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
boundary_upstream_and_double_counting	linked_background_datasets	Include upstream supply through linked datasets and check their boundaries so steel production, coating, recycling, or waste treatment is not double counted.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
substrate_preparation	Substrate receipt and surface preparation	required	Always include receipt, inspection, and the preparation actually performed; acid pickling and alkaline degreasing rows are route-conditional	Foreground preparation	Per 1,000 kg accepted product
thermal_conditioning	Thermal conditioning and curing heat	conditional	Include when the line anneals, heats, dries, cures, or otherwise thermally conditions the strip	Foreground thermal processing	Per 1,000 kg accepted product through the process
metallic_coating	Metallic plating or coating	conditional	Include when zinc, aluminium, tin, or another metallic layer is applied; this inventory provides atomic rows for zinc, aluminium, and tin only	Foreground metallic coating	Per 1,000 kg accepted metallic-coated product
organic_coating	Organic coil coating	conditional	Include when a retained organic paint layer is applied; use only the exact formulation rows actually consumed	Foreground organic coating	Per 1,000 kg accepted organic-coated product
metal_cladding	Metal cladding	conditional	Include when a discrete stainless-steel or aluminium cladding sheet is bonded to the non-alloy steel substrate	Foreground cladding	Per 1,000 kg accepted clad product
mechanical_further_working	Mechanical further working	conditional	Include when skin passing, tension levelling, corrugating, edge trimming, or another declared mechanical operation changes the sold product	Foreground mechanical processing	Per 1,000 kg accepted further-worked product
finishing_packaging	Final finishing, inspection, and packaging	required	Always include acceptance, product weighing, applied protective oil, and the packaging components actually supplied	Foreground finalisation	1,000 kg accepted reference product
wastewater_treatment	On-site process-wastewater treatment	conditional	Include when process wastewater is treated within the reporting site; otherwise record the exact external treatment service at the generating process	Foreground ancillary treatment	Per m3 process wastewater treated and normalized to the reference flow

Process: Substrate receipt and surface preparation (substrate_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Flat-rolled non-alloy steel substrate (substrate_input)

The actual received hot-rolled or cold-rolled substrate crosses the foreground boundary and is reconciled to accepted product and losses.

• Selected flow: Flat-rolled non-alloy steel substrate, declared hot-rolled or cold-rolled state (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed received mass allocated to the represented production and normalized to accepted product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass
• Sources: worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Preparation electricity (prep_electricity)

Record alternating-current electricity consumed by entry handling, cleaning, brushing, rinsing, pumping, drying, and extraction assigned to this process.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 455f0ef5-6118-4f2b-a3f5-1f75e0afe3ca
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ; unit group Units of energy 93a60a57-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Metered or documented allocated electricity, converted from kWh to MJ
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_metering
• Sources: worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Hydrochloric acid for pickling (prep_hydrochloric_acid)

Include hydrochloric acid only when hot-rolled scale or another declared surface condition is removed by hydrochloric-acid pickling; record purchased solution and concentration.

• Selected flow: Hydrochloric acid, aqueous solution with declared concentration (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Net acid-solution issue to the line after inventory correction; zero only when no hydrochloric-acid pickling occurs
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_chemicals
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Sodium hydroxide for alkaline degreasing (prep_sodium_hydroxide)

Include sodium hydroxide when alkaline degreasing is performed and preserve the purchased solution concentration, supply state, and make-up records as foreground qualifiers.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide e0abcced-0611-4c24-9290-5a2c5a0c4169
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Net sodium-hydroxide solution issue after inventory correction; zero only when alkaline degreasing is absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_chemicals
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Process water for preparation (prep_water)

Record supplied water used for preparation baths, rinsing, brushing, and scrubbers, net of separately measured closed-loop recirculation. Retain the water source, quality, site supply boundary, and density-conversion conditions as foreground qualifiers.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Metered or tank-balance make-up water assigned to substrate preparation, reported as mass or converted from measured volume using documented density at the declared conditions
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_effluent
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared substrate (prepared_substrate)

Record the dry prepared strip transferred to the next foreground operation as an internal intermediate.

• Selected flow: Prepared flat-rolled non-alloy steel substrate (foreground internal flow; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed or mass-balanced dry output transferred from preparation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Waste flows

Spent hydrochloric-acid pickling liquor (spent_pickling_liquor)

Record the removed acidic liquor as one waste stream when hydrochloric-acid pickling is used.

• Selected flow: Spent hydrochloric-acid steel pickling liquor (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed or volume-and-density-calculated liquor removed from the bath, net of returned regeneration liquor
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residues
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Spent alkaline degreasing solution (spent_degreasing_solution)

Record removed alkaline degreasing solution separately from rinse wastewater.

• Selected flow: Spent alkaline steel degreasing solution (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed or volume-and-density-calculated solution removed from the line
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residues
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Substrate-preparation wastewater (prep_wastewater)

Record the combined aqueous stream from the declared preparation line before on-site or external treatment; do not combine it with unrelated plant effluent.

• Selected flow: Wastewater from flat-steel rinsing and degreasing (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3; unit group Units of volume 93a60a57-a3c8-12da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Metered discharge from substrate preparation to the treatment boundary
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_effluent
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Elementary flows

Hydrochloric acid to air (prep_hydrochloric_acid_air)

Include measured or permit-calculated hydrochloric acid released from pickling capture and exhaust when that route operates.

• Selected flow: hydrogen chloride fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-aab0-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Stack measurement or documented regulatory mass-flow calculation assigned to represented production
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emissions
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Process: Thermal conditioning and curing heat (thermal_conditioning)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared strip entering thermal conditioning (thermal_input)

Record the internal prepared strip entering annealing, heating, drying, or curing.

• Selected flow: Prepared flat-rolled non-alloy steel entering thermal conditioning (foreground internal flow; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed or mass-balanced process input
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Thermal-conditioning electricity (thermal_electricity)

Record alternating-current electricity used by thermal equipment and associated fans and controls.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 455f0ef5-6118-4f2b-a3f5-1f75e0afe3ca
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ; unit group Units of energy 93a60a57-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Metered or documented allocated electricity, converted from kWh to MJ
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_metering
• Sources: worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Natural gas for thermal conditioning (thermal_natural_gas)

Record natural gas burned in directly or indirectly fired heating, drying, annealing, or curing equipment.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3; unit group Units of volume 93a60a57-a3c8-12da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Metered gas corrected to declared reference conditions and allocated to thermal conditioning
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fuel_metering
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Heat-treated strip (heat_treated_strip)

Record the conditioned strip transferred to coating or finishing.

• Selected flow: Heat-treated flat-rolled non-alloy steel strip (foreground internal flow; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed or mass-balanced dry output
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide from thermal conditioning (thermal_fossil_co2)

Calculate or measure direct fossil carbon dioxide from natural-gas combustion in this process.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Calculate from metered fuel, supplier carbon data, and oxidation assumptions under calc_fossil_co2, or use quality-assured stack mass data without double counting
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_fuel_metering
• Sources:

Nitrogen oxides from thermal conditioning (thermal_nitrogen_oxides)

Record the regulated nitrogen-oxides mass as nitrogen-dioxide equivalent and disclose this reporting convention.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen oxides emitted to air, reported as nitrogen dioxide (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Quality-assured stack mass or permit calculation assigned to represented production
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emissions
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Carbon monoxide from thermal conditioning (thermal_carbon_monoxide)

Record carbon monoxide released from combustion equipment when monitored or calculated.

• Selected flow: carbon monoxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-924e-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Quality-assured stack mass or permit calculation assigned to represented production
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emissions
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Process: Metallic plating or coating (metallic_coating)

Inputs

Product flows

Strip entering metallic coating (metallic_input)

Record the prepared or heat-treated strip entering the metallic coating step.

• Selected flow: Conditioned flat-rolled non-alloy steel entering metallic coating (foreground internal flow; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed or mass-balanced process input
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Coating-grade zinc (coating_zinc)

Include zinc only when it is consumed in a zinc-containing metallic layer and declare alloy composition and bath inventory change.

• Selected flow: Zinc, coating grade, declared purity and physical state (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Net zinc input from purchases plus opening stock minus closing stock and measured recoverable returns
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_chemicals
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Coating-grade aluminium (coating_aluminium)

Include aluminium only when it is consumed in an aluminium-containing metallic layer and declare alloy composition.

• Selected flow: Aluminium, coating grade, declared purity and physical state (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Net aluminium input from purchases and bath stock change
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_chemicals
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Coating-grade tin (coating_tin)

Include tin only when a tin layer is applied and preserve plating-bath or molten-bath stock records.

• Selected flow: Tin, coating grade, declared purity and physical state (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Net tin input from purchases and bath stock change
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_chemicals
• Sources: worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Metallic-coating electricity (metallic_electricity)

Record electricity for coating drives, pumps, electrical plating, air knives, controls, and assigned extraction.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 455f0ef5-6118-4f2b-a3f5-1f75e0afe3ca
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ; unit group Units of energy 93a60a57-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Metered or documented allocated electricity, converted from kWh to MJ
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_metering
• Sources: worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Natural gas for metallic coating (metallic_natural_gas)

Record natural gas burned for the coating bath, associated drying, or line heating assigned to this process.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3; unit group Units of volume 93a60a57-a3c8-12da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Metered gas corrected to declared reference conditions and allocated to metallic coating
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fuel_metering
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Protective-atmosphere nitrogen (protective_nitrogen)

Record industrial nitrogen supplied to a protective atmosphere only when consumed by the declared metallic-coating route. Retain purity, supply geography, technology, delivery boundary, and physical state as foreground qualifiers.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen gas 92233c86-8e75-441c-94de-03cc91bc7c10
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Metered or supplier-recorded nitrogen mass, or mass converted from measured gas volume using documented density and declared reference conditions
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_chemicals
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Protective-atmosphere hydrogen (protective_hydrogen)

Record industrial hydrogen supplied to a protective atmosphere only when consumed by the declared metallic-coating route.

• Selected flow: Industrial hydrogen gas with declared purity and supply state (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3; unit group Units of volume 93a60a57-a3c8-12da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Metered or supplier-recorded hydrogen at declared reference conditions
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_chemicals
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Metallic-coated strip (metallic_coated_strip)

Record the strip with its retained metallic layer before later finishing.

• Selected flow: Metallic-coated flat-rolled non-alloy steel strip (foreground internal flow; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed or mass-balanced dry output including retained metallic layer
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Waste flows

Zinc ash (zinc_ash)

Record oxidised zinc-rich ash removed from the bath surface as a separate waste or recovered co-product.

• Selected flow: Zinc ash from metallic coating bath (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed removed lot allocated to represented production; disclose destination and whether waste or co-product treatment is used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residues
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Zinc-iron bottom dross (zinc_bottom_dross)

Record dense zinc-iron dross removed from the bath separately from zinc ash.

• Selected flow: Zinc-iron bottom dross from metallic coating bath (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed removed lot allocated to represented production; disclose destination and whether waste or co-product treatment is used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residues
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide from metallic coating (metallic_fossil_co2)

Calculate or measure direct fossil carbon dioxide from natural gas assigned to metallic coating.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Calculate from metered fuel under calc_fossil_co2, or use non-duplicative quality-assured stack mass data
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_fuel_metering
• Sources:

Zinc to air from metallic coating (metallic_zinc_air)

Record zinc released to air from coating-bath and finishing exhaust when measured or permit-calculated.

• Selected flow: zinc 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-94e3-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Quality-assured stack mass or permit calculation assigned to represented production
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emissions
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Process: Organic coil coating (organic_coating)

Inputs

Product flows

Strip entering organic coating (organic_input)

Record the prepared or metallic-coated strip entering the organic coating line.

• Selected flow: Flat-rolled non-alloy steel entering organic coating (foreground internal flow; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed or mass-balanced process input
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass
• Sources: worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Polyester coil-coating paint (polyester_coating_paint)

Use this row only for the exact purchased polyester coil-coating paint; preserve supplier product, solids content, solvent/water content, and safety data.

• Selected flow: Polyester coil-coating paint, exact supplier formulation (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Net issued paint after opening/closing inventory and documented return correction; zero when this exact formulation is not used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_chemicals
• Sources: worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Water-borne acrylic coil-coating paint (acrylic_coating_paint)

Use this row only for the exact purchased water-borne acrylic coil-coating paint and preserve its supplier formulation.

• Selected flow: Water-borne acrylic coil-coating paint, exact supplier formulation (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Net issued paint after opening/closing inventory and documented return correction; zero when this exact formulation is not used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_chemicals
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Organic-coating electricity (organic_electricity)

Record electricity for roll coaters, pumps, fans, controls, and assigned exhaust treatment.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 455f0ef5-6118-4f2b-a3f5-1f75e0afe3ca
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ; unit group Units of energy 93a60a57-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Metered or documented allocated electricity, converted from kWh to MJ
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_metering
• Sources: worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Natural gas for organic-coating curing (organic_natural_gas)

Record natural gas burned in paint drying or curing assigned to the organic-coating process.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3; unit group Units of volume 93a60a57-a3c8-12da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Metered gas corrected to declared reference conditions and allocated to curing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fuel_metering
• Sources: worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Organic-coated strip (organic_coated_strip)

Record the dry coated strip including retained organic layers.

• Selected flow: Organic-coated flat-rolled non-alloy steel strip (foreground internal flow; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed or mass-balanced dry output including retained organic layers
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass
• Sources: worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Waste flows

Spent coil-coating paint (spent_coating_paint)

Record removed or discarded paint separately from wastewater and packaging.

• Selected flow: Spent coil-coating paint, exact declared formulation (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed discarded paint assigned to represented production
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residues
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide from organic coating (organic_fossil_co2)

Calculate or measure direct fossil carbon dioxide from natural gas assigned to paint curing.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Calculate from metered fuel under calc_fossil_co2, or use non-duplicative quality-assured stack mass data
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_fuel_metering
• Sources:

Process: Metal cladding (metal_cladding)

Inputs

Product flows

Substrate entering cladding (cladding_input)

Record the non-alloy steel substrate entering the cladding operation.

• Selected flow: Flat-rolled non-alloy steel entering metal cladding (foreground internal flow; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed or mass-balanced process input
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass
• Sources: un-cpc-3-0-2025

Stainless-steel cladding sheet (stainless_cladding_sheet)

Include the exact stainless grade only when a discrete stainless-steel sheet is retained as the cladding layer.

• Selected flow: Stainless-steel cladding sheet, exact declared grade (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed cladding sheet entering the bond, corrected for separately weighed offcuts; zero when absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass
• Sources:

Aluminium cladding sheet (aluminium_cladding_sheet)

Include the exact aluminium alloy only when a discrete aluminium sheet is retained as the cladding layer. Retain the exact alloy, sheet state, supplier geography, and cladding application as foreground qualifiers.

• Selected flow: aluminium sheet 4f197be4-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed cladding sheet entering the bond, corrected for separately weighed offcuts; zero when absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass
• Sources:

Cladding electricity (cladding_electricity)

Record alternating-current electricity assigned to roll bonding, handling, and cladding-line auxiliaries.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 455f0ef5-6118-4f2b-a3f5-1f75e0afe3ca
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ; unit group Units of energy 93a60a57-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Metered or documented allocated electricity, converted from kWh to MJ
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_metering
• Sources: worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Clad strip (clad_strip)

Record the bonded clad product before final finishing.

• Selected flow: Metal-clad flat-rolled non-alloy steel (foreground internal flow; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed or mass-balanced output including retained cladding layer
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass
• Sources: un-cpc-3-0-2025

Waste flows

Cladding offcut scrap (cladding_scrap)

Record segregated or mixed cladding offcuts with their actual composition.

• Selected flow: Metal-cladding offcut scrap from flat-steel production (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed scrap removed from the cladding process
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residues
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Process: Mechanical further working (mechanical_further_working)

Inputs

Product flows

Coated or clad strip entering further working (further_work_input)

Record the route-specific internal strip entering the declared mechanical operation.

• Selected flow: Coated or clad flat-rolled non-alloy steel entering mechanical further working (foreground internal flow; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed or mass-balanced process input
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Further-working electricity (further_work_electricity)

Record alternating-current electricity for skin passing, levelling, corrugating, trimming, or the other declared mechanical operation.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 455f0ef5-6118-4f2b-a3f5-1f75e0afe3ca
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ; unit group Units of energy 93a60a57-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Metered or documented allocated electricity, converted from kWh to MJ
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_metering
• Sources: worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Mineral rolling lubricant (rolling_lubricant)

Include the exact mineral rolling or forming lubricant when it is issued to the mechanical operation.

• Selected flow: Mineral rolling lubricant, exact supplier grade (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Net lubricant issue after inventory and recovery correction; zero when no lubricant is used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_chemicals
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Mechanically further-worked strip (further_worked_strip)

Record the strip after the declared mechanical operation and before final acceptance.

• Selected flow: Mechanically further-worked flat-rolled non-alloy steel (foreground internal flow; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed or mass-balanced output
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Waste flows

Non-alloy steel edge-trim scrap (steel_trim_scrap)

Record clean edge trim separately from off-spec product and mixed cladding scrap.

• Selected flow: Non-alloy steel edge-trim scrap from flat-rolled product finishing (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed segregated trim scrap removed from the process
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residues
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Spent mineral rolling lubricant (spent_rolling_lubricant)

Record removed spent lubricant as a separate waste flow. Retain the rolling-process origin, lubricant formulation, contamination, and destination as foreground qualifiers.

• Selected flow: Used lubricating oil 55d93375-7f04-4166-b2a2-88ce929051a5
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed removed lubricant assigned to represented production
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residues
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Process: Final finishing, inspection, and packaging (finishing_packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Transformed strip entering final finishing (finishing_input)

Record the actual coated, clad, or otherwise further-worked internal product entering final acceptance.

• Selected flow: Further-worked flat-rolled non-alloy steel before final finishing (foreground internal flow; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed or mass-balanced process input
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass
• Sources:

Finishing electricity (finishing_electricity)

Record alternating-current electricity for final levelling or inspection, weighing, handling, and packaging.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 455f0ef5-6118-4f2b-a3f5-1f75e0afe3ca
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ; unit group Units of energy 93a60a57-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Metered or documented allocated electricity, converted from kWh to MJ
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_metering
• Sources: worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Protective mineral oil (protective_oil)

Include the exact protective oil when it remains on the delivered product and distinguish it from process lubricant.

• Selected flow: Protective mineral oil for flat steel, exact supplier grade (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Net oil issue or coating-mass measurement; zero when the delivered product is unoiled
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_chemicals
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Steel packaging strap (steel_packaging_strap)

Record steel strap supplied with coil or sheet-pack packaging separately from product mass. Retain dimensions, coating state, supplier geography, and packaging application as foreground qualifiers.

• Selected flow: Steel baling band 56fe4f71-b594-4b55-8553-c87f2516737d
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed or purchase-count-converted strap applied to shipped product; zero when absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product, packaging excluded from reference-product mass
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging
• Sources:

Kraft protective-wrapping paper (kraft_wrapping_paper)

Record kraft paper supplied with the shipping package separately from product mass.

• Selected flow: Kraft protective-wrapping paper (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed or purchase-count-converted paper applied to shipped product; zero when absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product, packaging excluded from reference-product mass
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted reference product (reference_product)

This is the only reference-product output and includes the non-alloy steel substrate and all retained product layers.

• Selected flow: Flat-rolled products of non-alloy steel, clad, plated, coated or otherwise further worked (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Fixed normalization to 1,000 kg accepted product based on quality-released mass
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Collection protocol:
• Sources: worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Waste flows

Off-spec coated steel scrap (off_spec_steel_scrap)

Record rejected finished or semi-finished coated product separately from clean edge trim.

• Selected flow: Off-spec coated non-alloy steel scrap (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed rejected product not internally reworked within the represented period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residues
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Process: On-site process-wastewater treatment (wastewater_treatment)

Inputs

Product flows

Process wastewater entering treatment (wastewater_input)

Record the internal process-wastewater stream entering on-site treatment.

• Selected flow: Process wastewater from flat-steel preparation and coating (foreground internal waste flow; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3; unit group Units of volume 93a60a57-a3c8-12da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Metered influent assigned to represented production without duplicating the generating-process waste flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_effluent
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Wastewater-treatment electricity (wastewater_electricity)

Record alternating-current electricity for pumping, agitation, dosing, clarification, and dewatering.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 455f0ef5-6118-4f2b-a3f5-1f75e0afe3ca
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ; unit group Units of energy 93a60a57-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Metered or documented allocated electricity, converted from kWh to MJ
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_metering
• Sources: worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Sodium hydroxide for wastewater neutralisation (wastewater_sodium_hydroxide)

Include sodium hydroxide only when used in on-site neutralisation and preserve the neutralisation solution concentration and supply state as foreground qualifiers.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide e0abcced-0611-4c24-9290-5a2c5a0c4169
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Net solution issue assigned to represented wastewater treatment
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_chemicals
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Ferric chloride for precipitation (wastewater_ferric_chloride)

Include ferric chloride only when used to precipitate metals or suspended solids and preserve solution concentration.

• Selected flow: Ferric chloride, aqueous solution with declared concentration (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Net solution issue assigned to represented wastewater treatment
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_chemicals
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Treated process wastewater (treated_process_wastewater)

Record the treated aqueous effluent at the site discharge or external-treatment boundary.

• Selected flow: Treated wastewater from flat-steel surface treatment (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3; unit group Units of volume 93a60a57-a3c8-12da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Metered treated effluent assigned to represented production; disclose receiving boundary and quality data
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_effluent
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Dewatered metal-bearing wastewater sludge (wastewater_sludge)

Record dewatered treatment sludge separately from spent baths and coating-bath residues.

• Selected flow: Dewatered metal-bearing sludge from flat-steel process-wastewater treatment (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Weighed wet sludge with measured dry-solids fraction and destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residues
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivision_first	shared_processes_and_utilities	Subdivide processes and use dedicated meters or physically justified engineering allocation before applying allocation. Document the allocation key, period, and affected rows for every shared line or utility.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
allocation_mass_for_similar_products	jointly_produced_flat_steel_products	When subdivision is not feasible and products undergo materially similar operations, allocate shared burdens by accepted dry product mass; use another physical relation only when documented as more representative.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
allocation_rework	internal_rework	Keep internally reworked material inside the foreground system. Do not credit it as an exported co-product and count only net external inputs and outputs after closing stock changes.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
allocation_recovered_outputs	steel_scrap_zinc_ash_dross_and_other_recovered_outputs	Classify an output as a co-product only when it leaves the site with a documented function and destination. Prefer system expansion with the substituted function disclosed; otherwise report the selected allocation method and an uncredited waste-treatment result as a sensitivity case.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
allocation_recycling_scope	recycled_content_and_end_of_life	State the scrap-input and end-of-life recycling method. Do not combine a supplier dataset already carrying recycling credits with a second foreground or downstream credit.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_mass	all applicable production processes	substrate, intermediate, cladding sheet, and accepted product mass	scale ticket, coil record, production record, or dimensional calculation	timestamp; material or coil id; product grade; route; gross/tare/net mass; dimensions; density if calculated; accepted/rejected status	calibrated weighing preferred; dimensional calculation only with verified dimensions and density	kg	each receipt, transfer, and released lot	representative 12 consecutive months; shorter period justified	all included lines at the reporting site	sum by product-route lot; correct opening/closing work in progress; normalize to accepted mass	calibration records; lot traceability; reconciliation to production ledger
cp_energy_metering	all applicable processes	alternating-current electricity	meter or invoice submeter record	meter id; timestamp; opening/closing reading; kWh; voltage; supplier/market; shared-meter allocation key	dedicated meter preferred; documented engineering allocation otherwise	kWh retained and MJ reported	continuous or monthly reading	same period as production	all included lines and assigned auxiliaries	subtract opening from closing; allocate shared use; convert at 3.6 MJ/kWh	meter calibration or invoice reconciliation; allocation worksheet
cp_fuel_metering	thermal_conditioning; metallic_coating; organic_coating	gaseous natural gas	corrected gas meter and supplier quality record	meter id; volume; temperature; pressure; moisture basis; calorific value; carbon content when available; allocation key	corrected meter reading with supplier statement	m3 at declared conditions	continuous or monthly reading	same period as production	all included combustion units	allocate corrected volume to process; retain quality data for emission calculation	meter verification; supplier statement; fuel-to-stack reconciliation
cp_process_chemicals	substrate_preparation; metallic_coating; organic_coating; mechanical_further_working; finishing_packaging; wastewater_treatment	acids, alkalis, coating metals, gases, paints, oils, and treatment chemicals	purchase, tank, bath, issue, and stock records	exact product; supplier; concentration/purity; batch; opening stock; receipts; returns; closing stock; process destination	material balance by exact purchased product	kg or m3 at declared conditions	each delivery and issue; monthly stock close	same period as production	all included processes at the reporting site	receipts plus opening stock minus closing stock, returns, and unrelated use	invoices; stock counts; bath analysis; supplier technical and safety data
cp_water_effluent	substrate_preparation; wastewater_treatment	supplied water and process wastewater	water and effluent meter, tank, or permit record	meter id; mass or volume; density and reference conditions when converting; source; recirculated volume; discharge point; pH; temperature; conductivity; relevant pollutant concentrations	dedicated meter preferred; tank balance only when documented	kg for Process Water; m3 for UUID-unresolved wastewater rows; preserve measured volume and density when converting	continuous or batch; at least monthly summary	same period as production	all included water-use and discharge points	net external make-up; do not count internal recirculation as new input; align influent and effluent boundaries	meter checks; laboratory reports; density evidence; water balance
cp_direct_emissions	substrate_preparation; thermal_conditioning; metallic_coating	direct air emissions	continuous monitor, stack test, or permit mass-flow calculation	stack id; species; concentration; flow; oxygen basis; operating hours; method; detection limit; production assignment	quality-assured monitoring or documented regulatory calculation	kg species	continuous monitor or prescribed test frequency	representative operating conditions in production period	every included emission point	concentration times corrected gas flow and operating time; allocate to represented production	calibration; accredited test report; uncertainty and non-detect treatment
cp_residues	all applicable processes	spent baths, paint, scrap, ash, dross, oil, sludge, and off-spec product	weighbridge ticket, container log, manifest, and analysis	exact residue; gross/tare/net mass; dry solids if relevant; composition; date; destination; waste/co-product status	weigh each outgoing lot or calibrated container	kg; dry-solids fraction where relevant	each removal	same period as production	all included processes at the reporting site	sum by exact residue; correct storage inventory changes	scale calibration; transfer document; laboratory analysis; receiver confirmation
cp_packaging	finishing_packaging	supplied steel strap and kraft paper	packaging bill, issue record, or count-to-mass record	component; supplier; unit mass; count or length; issued quantity; product lot	weigh representative units and multiply by issued count/length	kg	each packaging lot or monthly issue	same period as production	packaging supplied with accepted product	sum exact components supplied with accepted product; exclude from reference-product mass	purchase records; unit-mass checks; packaging specification
cp_coating_measurement	metallic_coating; organic_coating; finishing_packaging	retained coating, cladding, passivation, and oil	product test and line-control record	product id; side; area; coating mass or thickness; method; density; retained layer material; acceptance result	specified gravimetric, XRF, beta-backscatter, wet-chemical, or validated thickness method	g/m2, micrometre, and calculated kg	each product campaign at specification frequency	same period as production	each represented product specification	production-weighted result by exact product specification	calibrated instrument; test method; duplicate samples; acceptance record

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_normalize_reference	every inventory row	normalized amount = period amount / accepted reference-product mass x 1,000 kg	collected period amount; accepted product mass	amount per 1,000 kg accepted product	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
calc_electricity_mj	every electricity row	MJ = metered kWh x 3.6	metered kWh	electricity in MJ
calc_layer_mass	retained coating or cladding	retained layer mass = measured area x total coating mass per area, with side convention stated; if thickness is used, multiply by verified density	product area; sidedness; coating mass per area or thickness; density	kg retained layer	eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022
calc_fossil_co2	natural-gas combustion rows	fossil CO2 = fuel quantity x supplier carbon or approved emission factor x oxidation factor x 44/12; do not add this result when the same stack CO2 mass is used	corrected fuel quantity; carbon content or factor; oxidation factor	kg fossil CO2
calc_mass_reconciliation	whole foreground system	substrate plus retained purchased materials plus opening work in progress = accepted product plus external scrap, wastes, residues, measured releases, closing work in progress, and explained difference	mass records from all processes	mass-balance difference and percentage	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
calc_shared_utility	shared electricity, gas, water, and treatment	allocate first by dedicated submeter; otherwise use a documented physical driver such as operating time times rated load, corrected throughput, or treated volume	total meter; driver records	process-assigned amount	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	reference product and substrate	Preserve supplier/production lot linkage, non-alloy steel grade, incoming state, dimensions, all retained layers, coating mass or thickness and sidedness, further-working route, finish, and acceptance specification.	purchase specification; coil card; test certificate; product release record
dq_temporal	all foreground data	Use a representative 12-month period. A shorter period must cover at least one complete campaign for each represented product route and explain seasonal, maintenance, and product-mix effects.	date-bounded raw records; production calendar; justification
dq_geography_technology	foreground and linked upstream data	Declare production site, country/region, line technology, furnace/coating type, and supplier geography. Explain non-representative upstream or electricity datasets.	site and supplier metadata; dataset mapping record
dq_completeness	all processes	Include every applicable Process Map process, every energy carrier, exact purchased material and chemical, exact waste stream, and measured elementary emission. Record exclusions with mass, energy, and environmental relevance justification.	completeness checklist; purchase-to-inventory reconciliation; emissions and waste inventories
dq_measurement	mass, energy, water, chemicals, emissions, and residues	Retain calibration, detection-limit, concentration/purity, reference-condition, dry-solids, and allocation evidence appropriate to each measurement.	calibration certificates; laboratory reports; supplier statements; allocation worksheets
dq_consistency	model and reporting	Apply identical normalization, allocation, stock correction, and recycling rules across all represented lines and products; document deviations and uncertainty.	calculation workbook; method statement; sensitivity results

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validation_reference_flow	reference_product	Confirm exactly one reference output of 1,000 kg accepted product; verify that retained layers are included and transport packaging is excluded from that mass.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
validation_route_completeness	process_map_and_inventory	Confirm that every actual route step is represented, every conditional process has evidence for inclusion or absence, and no selected flow is a collection label or unresolved selector.	eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022
validation_mass_balance	whole_foreground_system	Perform substrate, coating-metal, and total mass balances; investigate and disclose material differences rather than forcing closure.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
validation_energy_and_emissions	all_energy_and_combustion_rows	Reconcile electricity and fuel to meters, verify kWh-to-MJ conversion and gas reference conditions, and ensure calculated fossil CO2 is not duplicated by stack data.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
validation_coating_identity	retained_layers	Cross-check supplier formulation and bath composition against measured product coating mass or thickness, sidedness, and acceptance records.	eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022
validation_waste_and_water	wastes_residues_and_effluent	Reconcile spent baths, wastewater, sludge, zinc ash, dross, scrap, and off-spec product to storage changes and transfer documents; preserve exact destinations.	eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022
validation_allocation_and_double_counting	shared_burdens_co_products_and_recycling	Verify subdivision and allocation keys, test material recovered-output choices, and ensure upstream or downstream recycling credits and treatment are not counted twice.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
validation_source_and_uuid_status	all_rows_and_rules	Reject unverified UUIDs and proxy identities. Confirm that every UUID-empty row remains listed in manifest unresolved metadata and that non-default rules retain source ids.