Flat-rolled products of alloy steel, n.e.c., further worked

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers gate-to-gate production of flat-rolled alloy-steel products not elsewhere classified that undergo at least one operation beyond the declared hot-rolled or cold-rolled input state. The data package shall identify alloy family, incoming state, dimensions, further-working route, surface and coating state, and delivery form. Typical in-scope operations are pickling, cold reduction, annealing or other heat treatment, temper or skin-pass rolling, route-specific metallic coating, slitting, shearing, straightening, inspection, oiling, marking, and packing.

The scope excludes upstream crude-steel production and casting, non-alloy steel, stainless steel, silicon-electrical steel, products whose final state is only hot-rolled or only cold-rolled, fabrication into parts, use, and end-of-life. Zinc coating is included only when it forms part of the declared CPC 41239 route; another coating chemistry requires distinct atomic rows before use.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.basic-metals.flat-rolled-products-of-alloy-steel-n-e-c-further-worked
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 41239, exact product-classification context
covered_products	Flat-rolled alloy-steel coil, strip, or sheet, n.e.c., with one or more declared further-working operations beyond the incoming hot-rolled or cold-rolled state
excluded_products	Non-alloy steel; stainless steel; silicon-electrical steel; products only hot-rolled or only cold-rolled; fabricated parts; pipe, bar, rod, section, and wire products
representative_product	Finished alloy-steel coil or sheet from a qualified flat-rolled alloy-steel input and a declared further-working route
production_route	Gate-to-gate further working; route steps are explicitly selected from the process map
market_state	Dry finished coil, strip, or sheet at the factory gate, with dimensions, surface, coating, oiling, and packaging declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provision of further-worked flat-rolled alloy steel, n.e.c., in the declared market state
How much	1,000 kg net saleable product
How well	Conforming to the declared alloy grade, dimensions, mechanical properties, surface finish, coating status, and applicable product specification
How long or cycle	One production campaign represented at the factory gate; no use duration is assigned
reference_flow_link	finished_alloy_steel_product

Field	Value
Reference amount	1,000 kg net saleable product
Reference product flow	Flat-rolled products of alloy steel, n.e.c., further worked
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	alloy designation and standard; incoming hot-rolled or cold-rolled state; incoming and final thickness and width; coil, strip, or sheet form; process sequence; annealing technology and atmosphere when used; coating metal and mass when used; surface finish; oiling state; net saleable mass; site; geography; production period

Required qualifiers shall be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, the reference-flow comment, or an equivalent data-package field.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_product_mass	Reference product and solid material balances	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Normalize net saleable product and material exchanges to 1,000 kg; exclude removable transport packaging from product mass.
electricity_energy_conversion	Alternating-current electricity rows	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	MJ	Preserve the meter reading and conversion basis; convert kWh using 3.6 MJ per kWh.
gas_volume_conditions	Gaseous natural-gas rows	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	Declare reference temperature, pressure, and dry/wet basis and retain the supplier energy conversion.
coating_mass_separation	Metallic coating	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Record coating metal separately from steel substrate and declare final coating mass or mass per coated area.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Qualified flat-rolled alloy-steel input, including alloy grade, hot-rolled or cold-rolled state, dimensions, scale or surface condition, and existing coating
starting_condition_role	Purchased or transferred product input represented by a separate upstream dataset
product_classification_scope	Flat-rolled alloy-steel products n.e.c. undergoing further working consistent with CPC 3.0 code 41239
recursive_input_rule	Record a same-category input once at its declared incoming state and do not recursively expand this PCR
upstream_dataset_requirement	Match alloy grade, production route, geography, recycled-content basis, and incoming state; disclose any proxy
disclosure	Included and omitted steps, internal recirculation, acid recovery, water-loop configuration, coating route, scrap destination, packaging, and shared-facility cut-offs

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_start_at_qualified_flat_product	Foreground boundary	Start at receipt of the qualified flat-product input and include declared further-working operations through net saleable factory-gate product.	unsd-cpc-3-0-structure-2025; eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022
boundary_route_conditioning	Process selection	Include each conditional process only when site records show it occurs; do not average absent route steps into the product.	eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022
boundary_support_operations	Supporting operations	Include attributable roll preparation, bath maintenance, fume control, on-site effluent treatment, handling, inspection, and packing.	eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
feedstock_receiving_preparation	Feedstock receiving and preparation	required	Always; establishes incoming state and campaign mass balance	Foreground input control and preparation	kg qualified input and prepared output
pickling_rinsing	Pickling, rinsing, and drying	conditional	Include when oxide scale or surface condition is removed chemically	Foreground surface preparation	kg pickled output and m2 treated surface
cold_reduction	Cold reduction	conditional	Include when thickness or mechanical properties are changed by cold rolling	Foreground forming	kg cold-rolled output
annealing_heat_treatment	Annealing or heat treatment	conditional	Include when the declared route uses batch or continuous heat treatment	Foreground thermal treatment	kg annealed output
temper_skin_pass	Temper or skin-pass rolling	conditional	Include when a light rolling pass sets final properties, flatness, or surface finish	Foreground final rolling	kg tempered output
metallic_coating	Zinc metallic coating	conditional	Include only for a declared zinc-coated CPC 41239 product	Foreground surface coating	kg coated output and m2 coated area
finishing_packaging	Finishing and packaging	required	Always; record the actual finishing and packaging configuration	Foreground final conditioning	1,000 kg net saleable product
wastewater_treatment	On-site cold-processing wastewater treatment	conditional	Include when process wastewater is treated inside the foreground boundary	Foreground pollution control	m3 treatment feed

Process: Feedstock receiving and preparation (feedstock_receiving_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Hot-rolled alloy-steel flat-product feedstock (hot_rolled_alloy_steel_feedstock)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Hot-rolled alloy-steel flat product
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured net incoming mass attributable to the campaign; include only when the declared input state is hot-rolled
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_feedstock_mass_balance
• Sources: unsd-cpc-3-0-structure-2025

Cold-rolled alloy-steel flat-product feedstock (cold_rolled_alloy_steel_feedstock)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Cold-rolled alloy-steel flat product
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured net incoming mass attributable to the campaign; include only when the declared input state is cold-rolled
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_feedstock_mass_balance
• Sources: unsd-cpc-3-0-structure-2025

Receiving and preparation electricity (receiving_electricity)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Alternating current
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Metered or equipment-runtime-allocated electricity converted to MJ
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_energy
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared alloy-steel intermediate (prepared_alloy_steel_intermediate)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Prepared alloy-steel flat-product intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured transfer mass to the first declared further-working operation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_feedstock_mass_balance
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: Pickling, rinsing, and drying (pickling_rinsing)

Inputs

Product flows

Pickling-stage alloy-steel feed (pickling_feedstock_intermediate)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Alloy-steel flat-product intermediate entering pickling
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured line-entry mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pickling_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Hydrochloric acid pickling agent (hydrochloric_acid)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Hydrochloric acid solution
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: As-supplied consumption from stock balance; include only when used and declare concentration
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pickling_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Demineralized rinse water (demineralized_rinse_water)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Demineralized water 9385842f-1815-4f19-a6b9-3dbb7ccbbffc
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Metered fresh make-up volume excluding internal recirculation, converted to mass using measured or documented density at declared reference conditions
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pickling_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Pickling electricity (pickling_electricity)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Alternating current
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Submetered electricity or documented equipment allocation converted to MJ
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_energy
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Pickling natural gas (pickling_natural_gas)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: Metered gas for bath heating, drying, or attributable acid recovery at declared reference conditions
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_fuel_and_emissions
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Pickled alloy-steel intermediate (pickled_alloy_steel_intermediate)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Pickled alloy-steel flat-product intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured rinsed and dried transfer mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pickling_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Waste flows

Acidic pickling effluent (acidic_pickling_effluent)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Acidic alloy-steel pickling effluent
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Net treatment-feed volume after internal recirculation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pickling_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide from pickling heat (pickling_fossil_co2)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Calculated from pickling natural gas and documented site or supplier carbon factor
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_fuel_and_emissions
• Sources:

Process: Cold reduction (cold_reduction)

Inputs

Product flows

Cold-rolling feedstock (cold_rolling_feedstock)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Pickled alloy-steel flat product entering cold reduction
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured mill-entry mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cold_rolling_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Rolling oil (rolling_oil)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Cold-rolling lubricant oil
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Fresh rolling-oil make-up from stock balance, excluding recirculated oil
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cold_rolling_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Cold-rolling electricity (cold_rolling_electricity)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Alternating current
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Submetered electricity or documented equipment allocation converted to MJ
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_energy
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Cold-rolled alloy-steel intermediate (cold_rolled_alloy_steel_intermediate)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Cold-rolled alloy-steel flat-product intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured mill-exit mass at declared gauge
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cold_rolling_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Waste flows

Cold-rolling alloy-steel scrap (cold_rolling_steel_scrap)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Alloy-steel scrap from cold rolling
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed clean edge trim and rejected alloy-steel output with destination declared
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cold_rolling_records
• Sources: worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Elementary flows

Process: Annealing or heat treatment (annealing_heat_treatment)

Inputs

Product flows

Annealing feedstock (annealing_feedstock)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Alloy-steel flat-product intermediate entering annealing
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured furnace-entry mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_annealing_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Protective nitrogen (protective_nitrogen)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen gas for protective annealing atmosphere
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered or supplier-recorded volume at declared reference conditions; include only when used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_annealing_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Annealing electricity (annealing_electricity)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Alternating current
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Submetered electricity for heating and auxiliaries or documented equipment allocation converted to MJ
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_energy
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Annealing natural gas (annealing_natural_gas)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: Metered furnace gas at declared reference conditions; include only for gas-fired heat treatment
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_fuel_and_emissions
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Annealed alloy-steel intermediate (annealed_alloy_steel_intermediate)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Annealed alloy-steel flat-product intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured furnace-exit mass with achieved properties and surface state declared
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_annealing_records
• Sources: worldsteel-finished-cold-rolled-coil-2026

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide from annealing (annealing_fossil_co2)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Calculated from annealing natural gas and documented site or supplier carbon factor
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_fuel_and_emissions
• Sources:

Process: Temper or skin-pass rolling (temper_skin_pass)

Inputs

Product flows

Temper-rolling feedstock (temper_feedstock)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Alloy-steel flat-product intermediate entering temper rolling
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured temper-mill entry mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_temper_finishing_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Temper-rolling electricity (temper_electricity)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Alternating current
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Submetered electricity or documented equipment allocation converted to MJ
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_energy
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Tempered alloy-steel intermediate (tempered_alloy_steel_intermediate)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Tempered alloy-steel flat-product intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured temper-mill exit mass with achieved surface and property qualifiers
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_temper_finishing_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: Zinc metallic coating (metallic_coating)

Inputs

Product flows

Metallic-coating feedstock (coating_feedstock)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Alloy-steel flat-product intermediate entering zinc coating
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured coating-line entry mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Zinc coating metal (coating_zinc)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Zinc metal for strip coating
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Net zinc input from stock balance; declare grade and add separate atomic rows for any alloy additions
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Coating-line electricity (coating_electricity)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Alternating current
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Submetered electricity or documented equipment allocation converted to MJ
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_energy
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Coating-line natural gas (coating_natural_gas)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: Metered gas for directly associated cleaning, heat treatment, or bath support
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_fuel_and_emissions
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Zinc-coated alloy-steel intermediate (coated_alloy_steel_intermediate)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Zinc-coated alloy-steel flat-product intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured coating-line exit mass with coating mass and coated area declared
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide from coating-line heat (coating_fossil_co2)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Calculated from coating-line natural gas and documented site or supplier carbon factor
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_fuel_and_emissions
• Sources:

Process: Finishing and packaging (finishing_packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Finishing-stage alloy-steel feed (finishing_feedstock)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Further-worked alloy-steel flat-product intermediate entering finishing
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured finishing-line entry mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_temper_finishing_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Anticorrosion oil (anticorrosion_oil)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Anticorrosion oil for finished alloy-steel strip
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: As-supplied stock-balance consumption; include only when intentionally applied
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_temper_finishing_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Steel strapping (steel_strapping)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Steel packaging strap
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Mass delivered with product, excluding reusable plant-internal bands
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Finishing and packaging electricity (finishing_electricity)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Alternating current
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Submetered electricity or documented equipment allocation converted to MJ
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_energy
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Finished further-worked alloy-steel product (finished_alloy_steel_product)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Flat-rolled products of alloy steel, n.e.c., further worked
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured net saleable output normalized to 1,000 kg, excluding removable transport packaging
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_feedstock_mass_balance
• Sources: worldsteel-finished-cold-rolled-coil-2026

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: On-site cold-processing wastewater treatment (wastewater_treatment)

Inputs

Product flows

Sodium hydroxide neutralizing agent (sodium_hydroxide)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide solution
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: As-supplied stock-balance consumption with concentration declared; include only when used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Wastewater-treatment electricity (wastewater_treatment_electricity)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Alternating current
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Submetered electricity or documented equipment allocation converted to MJ
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_stage_energy
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Waste flows

Cold-processing wastewater treatment feed (wastewater_treatment_feed)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Cold-processing wastewater treatment feed from alloy-steel finishing
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered net treatment-feed volume after internal recirculation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Dewatered metal-hydroxide sludge (metal_hydroxide_sludge)

This atomic exchange crosses the declared process boundary when its route condition applies; its quantity is obtained as specified below.

• Selected flow: Dewatered metal-hydroxide sludge from cold-processing wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed wet mass with dry-solids fraction, metal content, and destination declared
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid_by_subdivision	Multi-product lines and shared utilities	Prefer campaign, meter, runtime, mass-throughput, coated-area, or treated-volume subdivision before allocation; document every shared-service driver.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
allocation_internal_scrap	Scrap returned inside the represented site	Record scrap mass and destination, but do not count it as external scrap input or grant an avoided-product credit in the foreground inventory.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
allocation_exported_residues	Scrap, scale, recovered acid, or sludge leaving the boundary	Record each physical output without a foreground avoided-burden credit; report any downstream system expansion or recycling method separately.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_feedstock_mass_balance	feedstock_receiving_preparation; finishing_packaging	Feedstock, intermediate, product mass	Scale and coil-genealogy records	coil id; alloy; state; gross; tare; scrap; saleable mass; time	Reconcile calibrated scales to genealogy	kg	Each coil and campaign	Representative 12 months or full shorter campaign	Included lines	Sum and normalize by net saleable output	Calibration and stock reconciliation
cp_stage_energy	All stages	Electricity	Submeters and reconciled main meter	meter; readings; runtime; load; driver; supplier; voltage	Prefer submetering; otherwise documented equipment allocation	kWh, MJ	Monthly and campaign	Same production period	Included equipment	Convert to MJ and normalize by saleable output	Calibration, invoices, allocation worksheet
cp_stage_fuel_and_emissions	pickling_rinsing; annealing_heat_treatment; metallic_coating	Natural gas and direct CO2	Fuel meters, invoices, factors	volume; conditions; calorific value; carbon factor; oxidation factor; attribution	Reconcile meters and calculate CO2 from documented factor	m3, MJ, kg	Monthly and campaign	Same production period	Each combustion unit	Attribute by stage and normalize	Calibration, supplier statement, formula check
cp_pickling_records	pickling_rinsing	Steel, acid, water, effluent	Line, tank, meter, waste records	input/output mass; acid and concentration; stock; recovery; water; effluent	Reconcile line and inventories	kg, m3, m2	Campaign and monthly	Same production period	Pickling and recovery	Net make-up and outputs only	Calibration, analysis, manifests
cp_cold_rolling_records	cold_reduction	Steel, oil, scrap	Mill, stock, waste records	input/output mass; gauge; oil stock; scrap; destination	Reconcile genealogy and inventories	kg	Campaign and monthly	Same production period	Rolling and support equipment	Net make-up and outputs	Calibration and manifests
cp_annealing_records	annealing_heat_treatment	Steel and nitrogen	Furnace and gas records	coil mass; furnace; cycle; temperature; nitrogen; purity; conditions	Link furnace batches to genealogy	kg, m3	Batch or campaign	Same production period	Included furnaces	Sum route-specific records	Log completeness and calibration
cp_temper_finishing_records	temper_skin_pass; finishing_packaging	Steel, oil, losses	Line, stock, inspection records	mass; oil; trim; rejects; rework; surface state	Reconcile genealogy and stock	kg	Campaign and monthly	Same production period	Temper and finishing	Count rework once and normalize	Calibration and dispositions
cp_coating_records	metallic_coating	Substrate, zinc, coated product	Line, metal, coating-test records	substrate/output; zinc stock; area; coating mass	Reconcile metal inventory and measured coating	kg, m2	Campaign and monthly	Same production period	Zinc coating line	Close zinc and substrate balances	Calibration and coating test
cp_packaging_records	finishing_packaging	Delivered steel strap	Bill of materials and issue records	material; mass per item; count; return status	Weigh items and reconcile to shipments	kg, item	Configuration and campaign	Same production period	Delivered packaging	Convert counts to mass	Weighing and bill of materials
cp_wastewater_treatment_records	wastewater_treatment	Feed, NaOH, sludge	Flow, chemical, lab, waste records	feed; pH; reagent concentration; stock; sludge wet/dry mass; metals; destination	Reconcile flow, chemistry, and sludge	m3, kg	Daily or batch and monthly	Same production period	On-site treatment	Allocate by flow and pollutant load	Calibration, lab QA/QC, manifests

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_normalize_to_reference_mass	All rows	normalized amount = campaign amount / campaign net saleable mass × 1,000 kg	Campaign exchange; saleable mass	Exchange per reference flow
calc_electricity_to_mj	Electricity	MJ = metered kWh × 3.6	kWh	MJ
calc_direct_fossil_co2	Direct fossil CO2	CO2 = stage fuel quantity × documented carbon factor × oxidation factor	Fuel, conditions, factors	kg fossil CO2
calc_mass_balance_check	Material stages	unexplained difference = inputs − measured product and waste outputs; investigate rather than allocate	Inputs, outputs, stock change	Difference

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	Product and intermediates	Preserve genealogy from incoming alloy and state through final dimensions, properties, surface, coating, and packaging.	Specification, mill certificate, route sheet
dq_temporal_alignment	All records	Use one representative period and explain shutdowns, trials, abnormal campaigns, and substitutions.	Period reconciliation and exception log
dq_meter_scale_control	Measured exchanges	Retain calibration or verification evidence for scales, utility and flow meters, and laboratory methods.	Calibration and QA/QC records
dq_route_completeness	Conditional processes	Justify each inclusion/exclusion and prevent double counting across coupled lines.	Route decision and cross-process reconciliation
dq_supplier_representativeness	Purchased inputs	Match grade, state, geography, technology, and period; disclose proxies.	Supplier declaration and dataset selection

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_identity_and_reference_flow	Product dataset	Confirm PCR id, CPC context, required qualifiers, and exactly 1,000 kg net saleable reference product.	unsd-cpc-3-0-structure-2025; worldsteel-finished-cold-rolled-coil-2026
validate_route_and_atomic_inventory	Process map and inventory	Confirm every included process occurred, every absent conditional step is documented, and every row is one atomic exchange.	eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022
validate_mass_internal_transfers	Material balances	Reconcile feedstock, intermediates, saleable product, scrap, zinc, sludge, and stock changes; flag every unexplained difference.	eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022
validate_energy_direct_co2	Electricity, gas, and CO2	Reconcile meters and invoices, verify conversions and gas conditions, and calculate direct fossil CO2 once.
validate_recycling_allocation	Scrap and exported outputs	Confirm internal scrap is not external input, exported outputs receive no foreground credit, and downstream recycling is separately declared.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
validate_unresolved_evidence	Candidate use	Treat blank UUIDs and missing independent ranges as review needs; do not use proxies or invented intervals.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground production dataset for further working of a declared flat-rolled alloy-steel input
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset after review and resolution of evidence gaps
allowed_use	LCA, carbon-footprint, EPD, supply-chain, and improvement studies matching alloy, incoming state, route, geography, period, and market state
excluded_use	Upstream steelmaking; excluded steel categories; fabrication; use; end-of-life; undisclosed generic substitution
required_metadata	PCR and CPC context; alloy; supplier and incoming state; process sequence; site; period; dimensions; surface/coating; energy; water and acid systems; scrap; packaging; allocation and recycling method
required_quality_disclosure	Coverage, meter quality, supplier representativeness, route exclusions, shared-service allocation, mass-balance gaps, proxies, unresolved UUIDs, and unresolved ranges
update_trigger	Change in alloy, incoming state, route, furnace/coating technology, energy, acid/water system, specification, packaging, site, or period

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-3-0-structure-2025	Official guidance (official_guidance)	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv (retrieved 2026-09-03)	CPC 41239 identity
eu-jrc-fmp-bref-2022	Official guidance (official_guidance)	European Commission Joint Research Centre, Best Available Techniques Reference Document for the Ferrous Metals Processing Industry, 2022. https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2022-12/FMP%20BREF_Final%20Version.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-03)	Boundary, processes, exchanges, water, and waste treatment
worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017	Method factor (method_factor)	World Steel Association, Life Cycle Inventory Methodology Report, 2017. https://worldsteel.org/media/publications/lci-report-2017-pdf/?do_download_id=7f96813a-3756-4842-8dbc-38ce201f2914 (retrieved 2026-09-03)	Process chain, allocation, scrap, recycling
worldsteel-finished-cold-rolled-coil-2026	Dataset (dataset)	World Steel Association, Global Finished Cold Rolled Coil - Construction, April 2026. https://worldsteel.org/wider-sustainability/life-cycle-thinking/lca-eco-profiles-2026-release/global-finished-cold-rolled-coil-construction/ (retrieved 2026-09-03)	Declared unit and representative finished product state