Flat-rolled products of alloy steel (except of silicon-electrical steel), not further worked than hot-rolled, of a width of 600 mm or more

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers the gate-to-gate conversion of documented alloy-steel slab into saleable flat-rolled alloy-steel product at least 600 mm wide in its as-hot-rolled condition. The foreground hot-rolling line includes feedstock conditioning when performed, reheating, hydraulic descaling, roughing and finishing rolling, controlled cooling, coiling or plate/sheet separation, trimming, directly associated water and waste-gas management, and packaging that crosses the mill gate. Primary rolling or casting needed to convert another alloy-steel primary form into slab remains in the upstream dataset. The completed product dataset shall link a compatible upstream slab dataset so that cradle-to-gate use does not omit steelmaking and casting.

The category includes stainless and high-speed alloy-steel grades when they satisfy the width and processing-state boundary; the alloy family and designation are mandatory qualifiers. It excludes silicon-electrical steel, products less than 600 mm wide, cold-rolled products, and products further worked by pickling, coating, plating, cladding, polishing, profiling, or downstream fabrication. Product use and end-of-life are outside this foreground boundary.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.basic-metals.flat-rolled-products-of-alloy-steel-except-of-silicon-electrical-steel-not-further-work-ebfccee5
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 41213 (exact)
covered_products	Alloy-steel coil, strip, sheet, and plate at least 600 mm wide, including stainless and high-speed grades, supplied in the as-hot-rolled state and not further worked
excluded_products	Silicon-electrical steel; width below 600 mm; non-alloy steel; cold-rolled, pickled, coated, plated, clad, polished, profiled, or otherwise further-worked product; fabricated downstream articles
representative_product	Saleable hot-rolled wide alloy-steel coil or plate at the steelworks gate
production_route	Hot rolling of documented alloy-steel slab by reheating, descaling, roughing/finishing rolling, cooling, and coiling or cutting; feedstock steelmaking, casting, and any primary rolling route remain upstream-dataset qualifiers
market_state	As-hot-rolled, uncoated and otherwise not further worked; coil, plate, or sheet form declared with alloy designation, dimensions, and surface condition

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Supply of as-hot-rolled wide alloy-steel flat product at the steelworks gate
How much	1,000 kg net saleable product
How well	Conforms to the declared alloy designation and order specification; width is at least 600 mm; no processing beyond hot rolling is included
How long or cycle	One production campaign or lot ending at factory-gate release; no service life is assigned
reference_flow_link	reference_product_hot_rolled_wide_alloy_steel

Field	Value
Reference amount	1,000 kg
Reference product flow	Flat-rolled alloy-steel product, width 600 mm or more, as-hot-rolled
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	alloy family and grade/designation; chemical composition or governing product specification; coil, plate, or sheet form; width and thickness; surface condition; declared absence of further working; slab origin, steelmaking, casting, and any primary rolling route; rolling-mill technology; furnace-fuel identity; production geography; production period; recycled-content accounting; packaging inclusion; factory-gate boundary

When constructing a foreground data package, every item in Required qualifiers shall be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference-flow comments, the product description, or an equivalent field. Missing qualifiers make the reference flow incomplete.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_product_mass	reference product and mass-bearing inputs/outputs	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Use dry or as-received mass consistently as declared; normalize all inventory values to 1,000 kg net saleable product after excluding off-spec output not released as product.
electricity_energy	alternating-current electricity	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	MJ	Preserve meter readings in kWh and convert to MJ with the exact identity 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ; identify provider, geography, voltage, delivery boundary, and included line losses.
metered_gas_volume	natural gas, process gases, and industrial oxygen	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	Normalize metered gas volumes to the declared temperature, pressure, moisture basis, and standard used by the supplier or site; do not mix actual and standard cubic metres.
water_volume	supplied process water and wastewater	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	Report water crossing the foreground boundary by source or destination; disclose whether recycled water is internal and avoid counting internal recirculation as both an input and output.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Documented alloy-steel slab accepted at the hot-rolling-line boundary, with measured mass, alloy identity, dimensions, temperature/hot-charge state, production route, upstream dataset, and transport handoff
starting_condition_role	The foreground starts at rolling feedstock so one hot-rolling rule can cover materially different alloy families and upstream BF-BOF, EAF, remelting, or specialty refining routes without silently averaging them
product_classification_scope	CPC 3.0 subclass 41213: alloy-steel flat products except silicon-electrical steel, at least 600 mm wide, and not further worked than hot-rolled
recursive_input_rule	If a same-category hot-rolled product is used as feedstock, record it once as an upstream product input with its own dataset and do not recursively reapply this PCR inside the same foreground process
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link the slab to a geographically, temporally, technologically, and alloy-compatible upstream dataset covering raw-material production, steelmaking, secondary metallurgy, casting, and any primary rolling before slab receipt; disclose any proxy
disclosure	Declare product form, alloy grade, width, thickness, surface state, furnace fuel, hot/cold charge, mill configuration, water-treatment boundary, internal recycling treatment, packaging, geography, year, allocation method, and every excluded operation

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_hot_rolling_line	foreground process	Include reheating, descaling, roughing and finishing rolling, cooling, finishing, directly associated abatement, internal transport, and on-site water handling insofar as each operation serves the declared product.	eu-ferrous-metals-bat-2022; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
boundary_upstream_feedstock	alloy-steel slab	Keep steelmaking, casting, and any primary rolling before slab receipt outside the hot-rolling foreground only when a compatible upstream dataset is linked; otherwise the completed dataset is gate-to-gate and shall not be represented as cradle-to-gate.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
boundary_actual_operations	product state	Include only operations actually performed before factory-gate release and exclude pickling, cold rolling, coating, plating, cladding, profiling, downstream fabrication, use, and end-of-life.	un-cpc-v3-structure-2025; eu-ferrous-metals-bat-2022
boundary_cutoff	foreground exchanges	Record every energy input and all material, waste, co-product, and elementary exchanges required to reproduce mass, water, energy, and carbon balances; justify any excluded exchange and retain the screening record.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
hot_rolling_line	Alloy-steel hot-rolling line	required	Always included; individual fuel, oxygen, lubricant, packaging, residue, and wastewater rows are conditional on actual operation	Foreground conversion from documented alloy-steel slab through conditioning, reheating, descaling, rolling, cooling, finishing, abatement, and dispatch	All exchanges normalized to 1,000 kg net saleable reference product

Process: Alloy-steel hot-rolling line (hot_rolling_line)

Inputs

Product flows

Alloy-steel rolling feedstock (input_alloy_steel_slab)

Record the measured mass, grade, dimensions, and hot-charge state of the specific alloy-steel slab entering the line.

• Selected flow: Alloy-steel slab for hot rolling
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured gross feedstock mass accepted by the rolling line
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mass_and_yield_records
• Sources: un-cpc-v3-structure-2025; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Alternating-current electricity delivered to the line (input_alternating_current_electricity)

Record metered alternating-current electricity used by the rolling line and its directly associated abatement.

• Selected flow: Alternating-current electricity delivered to the hot-rolling-line meter
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: metered electricity consumption, converted from kWh when necessary
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_gas_records
• Sources: eu-ferrous-metals-bat-2022; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Natural gas for direct-fired reheating (input_natural_gas)

Include only natural gas actually consumed in direct-fired heating or a directly associated combustion unit.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: supplier- or meter-recorded natural-gas volume at disclosed reference conditions
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_gas_records
• Sources: eu-ferrous-metals-bat-2022; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Coke-oven gas for direct-fired reheating (input_coke_oven_gas)

Include only coke-oven gas that crosses the declared rolling-line energy boundary.

• Selected flow: Coal gas c7d45c5f-9cab-4706-bde4-38a6ce2914da
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: metered coke-oven-gas volume at disclosed reference conditions
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_gas_records
• Sources: eu-ferrous-metals-bat-2022; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Blast-furnace gas for direct-fired reheating (input_blast_furnace_gas)

Include only blast-furnace gas that crosses the declared rolling-line energy boundary.

• Selected flow: blast furnace gas 50bd1eb9-efc2-4e40-928d-5114f74d4fb5
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: metered blast-furnace-gas volume at disclosed reference conditions
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_gas_records
• Sources: eu-ferrous-metals-bat-2022; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Basic-oxygen-furnace gas for direct-fired reheating (input_basic_oxygen_furnace_gas)

Include only basic-oxygen-furnace gas that crosses the declared rolling-line energy boundary.

• Selected flow: Basic-oxygen-furnace gas
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: metered volume multiplied by the campaign-specific net calorific value
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_gas_records
• Sources: eu-ferrous-metals-bat-2022; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Industrial oxygen for oxygen-enriched or oxy-fuel firing (input_industrial_oxygen)

Include only industrial oxygen crossing the boundary for actual oxygen-enriched or oxy-fuel combustion.

• Selected flow: Industrial oxygen bd4b0f96-2090-4806-a648-335ab20ff401
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: metered oxygen volume at disclosed purity, pressure, and reference conditions
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_gas_records
• Sources: eu-ferrous-metals-bat-2022

Supplied process water (input_process_water)

Record one identified external water source; instantiate separate concrete flows in the data package when multiple sources cross the boundary.

• Selected flow: Process water supplied to the hot-rolling line
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: metered external water supplied to descaling, cooling, dust suppression, and associated treatment, excluding internal recirculation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_records
• Sources: eu-ferrous-metals-bat-2022

Hot-rolling lubricant oil (input_hot_rolling_lubricant_oil)

Include only lubricant oil consumed by the declared hot-rolling operation and crossing the foreground boundary.

• Selected flow: Hot rolling oil b6d54639-2da8-49b3-89d2-e14324bb14c8
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: purchased mass adjusted for stock change and documented recovery
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_consumable_and_packaging_records
• Sources: eu-ferrous-metals-bat-2022

Steel strapping (input_steel_strapping)

Include only steel strap leaving the factory gate with the declared product.

• Selected flow: Steel baling band 56fe4f71-b594-4b55-8553-c87f2516737d
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: issued strap mass less returned unused strap, allocated to dispatched reference product
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_consumable_and_packaging_records
• Sources: worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Waste flows

No waste input is prescribed. Record any actual waste input as one separately identified flow with measured quantity, composition, origin, and treatment role.

Elementary flows

No elementary input is prescribed. Record site-specific elementary inputs separately when they cross the technosphere-environment boundary.

Outputs

Product flows

Reference hot-rolled wide alloy-steel product (reference_product_hot_rolled_wide_alloy_steel)

This is the net saleable as-hot-rolled alloy-steel product released at the factory gate and linked to the declared reference flow.

• Selected flow: Flat-rolled alloy-steel product, width 600 mm or more, as-hot-rolled
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: fixed reference output after saleable-product verification
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Sources: un-cpc-v3-structure-2025; un-cpc-v3-explanatory-notes-2025; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Waste flows

Crop and trimming alloy-steel scrap (output_crop_trim_alloy_steel_scrap)

Record alloy-steel crop ends and trimming scrap leaving the rolling-line boundary; internal return shall be tracked gross but netted only once at the declared boundary.

• Selected flow: Crop and trimming alloy-steel scrap
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured dispatched scrap plus verified stock increase, less documented return to the same foreground boundary
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_mass_and_yield_records
• Sources: eu-ferrous-metals-bat-2022; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Hot-rolling mill scale (output_mill_scale)

Record the mass of mill scale separated from descaling and water-treatment systems, with recovery or disposal destination declared.

• Selected flow: Mill scale aad763e2-78ab-4fcb-8a3b-8d8525c9e6ca
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured dispatched mass plus verified stock change, reported separately by recovery or disposal fate
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_residue_and_wastewater_records
• Sources: eu-ferrous-metals-bat-2022; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Oily process-water-treatment sludge (output_oily_water_treatment_sludge)

Include this row when oil-bearing sludge is removed from rolling-water treatment and leaves the declared boundary.

• Selected flow: Oily sludge from hot-rolling process-water treatment
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured wet mass with moisture content and destination disclosed
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residue_and_wastewater_records
• Sources: eu-ferrous-metals-bat-2022

Hot-rolling wastewater sent off site (output_hot_rolling_wastewater)

Include only wastewater that crosses the site boundary for external treatment; record on-site recycled water internally without duplicating it as an external output.

• Selected flow: Hot-rolling wastewater sent off site for treatment
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: metered wastewater volume at the off-site treatment handoff
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residue_and_wastewater_records
• Sources: eu-ferrous-metals-bat-2022

Elementary flows

Direct fossil carbon dioxide to air (output_fossil_carbon_dioxide_to_air)

Record direct fossil carbon dioxide from rolling-line fuel combustion, excluding upstream fuel-production emissions.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: directly measured mass where available, otherwise calculated from collected fuel quantity, fuel carbon content, and documented oxidation assumptions
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_air_emission_records
• Sources: eu-ferrous-metals-bat-2022; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Particulate matter emitted to air (output_particulate_matter_to_air)

Record particulate matter crossing to air from conditioning, descaling, roughing, finishing, and associated extraction or abatement using the declared measurement fraction and compartment.

• Selected flow: Particulate matter, particle size unspecified 0ce3dedb-caca-407b-a856-a90470eb8ec0
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: stack and fugitive emission mass calculated from measured concentration and gas flow, with particulate fraction stated
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_air_emission_records
• Sources: eu-ferrous-metals-bat-2022

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivision_first	campaigns, grades, and product forms	Use campaign-, line-, or grade-specific meters and mass records to subdivide the process before allocation; do not average stainless, high-speed, and other alloy families when separate records exist.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
allocation_common_burdens	inseparable common rolling-line inputs	When subdivision is not possible, allocate common burdens by net saleable output mass among co-produced hot-rolled products and disclose the included grades, output masses, and sensitivity to the allocation choice.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
allocation_internal_recycling	internal water, scale, and metallic scrap loops	Record gross internal recovery for mass-balance evidence but count only net exchanges crossing the declared foreground boundary; do not assign both an avoided burden and an input burden to the same internal loop.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
allocation_exported_materials	scrap, mill scale, and other exported material	Declare whether each exported material is waste or a marketable co-product, its destination and treatment; apply substitution or another allocation only under the governing study method with documented functional equivalence and sensitivity analysis.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_mass_and_yield_records	hot_rolling_line	feedstock, saleable output, crop scrap, scale	weighbridge, slab-tracking, production, and inventory records	timestamp; campaign; grade; slab mass; saleable product mass; scrap/scale mass; stock changes; hot-charge state	calibrated scales and reconciled production records	kg	each batch with monthly reconciliation	representative 12-month period	all lines and finishing stations serving the declared product	sum net boundary-crossing mass by grade and normalize to saleable output	calibration records; mass-balance reconciliation; exception log
cp_energy_and_gas_records	hot_rolling_line	electricity, natural gas, process gases, oxygen	meter, invoice, gas analysis, and energy-balance records	meter id; opening/closing readings; kWh; gas volume; temperature; pressure; moisture basis; NCV; oxygen purity; allocation key	calibrated meters reconciled to invoices and campaign logs	kWh; MJ; m3	continuous or per batch with monthly reconciliation	representative 12-month period	rolling line and directly associated abatement/utilities	subtract exports and unrelated users, convert units, allocate only inseparable shared use, normalize to saleable output	meter calibration; supplier statement; energy balance; allocation record
cp_water_records	hot_rolling_line	supplied process water	water-meter and water-balance records	source; meter readings; make-up volume; recirculated volume; discharge volume; allocation key	source-specific meters and annual water balance	m3	continuous or daily with monthly reconciliation	representative 12-month period	descaling, cooling, dust suppression, and associated treatment	count only external supply at the boundary and normalize to saleable output	meter calibration; water balance; source and discharge permits
cp_consumable_and_packaging_records	hot_rolling_line	lubricant oil and steel strap	purchase, issue, return, recovery, and stock records	material identity; grade; issued mass; returned mass; recovered mass; opening/closing stock; product assignment	inventory reconciliation linked to campaign and dispatch records	kg	each issue with monthly reconciliation	representative 12-month period	rolling stands and dispatch packaging	purchases plus stock decrease minus returns/recovery, assigned to declared product	invoices; inventory reconciliation; packaging specification
cp_residue_and_wastewater_records	hot_rolling_line	mill scale, oily sludge, off-site wastewater	scales, manifests, laboratory, tank-level, and flow-meter records	residue identity; wet mass; moisture; wastewater volume; oil content; destination; recovery/disposal code; stock change	measured dispatch and reconciled treatment records	kg; m3	each dispatch or continuous meter with monthly reconciliation	representative 12-month period	rolling line and directly associated water treatment	sum each separately identified net output by destination and normalize to saleable output	waste manifests; laboratory reports; meter calibration; stock reconciliation
cp_direct_air_emission_records	hot_rolling_line	fossil carbon dioxide and particulate matter	continuous monitoring, stack tests, fuel records, and carbon-balance records	source id; operating hours; concentration; gas flow; particulate fraction; fuel amount; carbon content; oxidation factor; biogenic/fossil split	direct measurement where available, otherwise documented calculation from collected activity data	kg	continuous or campaign-specific; stack tests at permit frequency	representative 12-month period including normal and abnormal operation	all relevant line and abatement emission points	integrate measured emissions or calculate by source, subtract unrelated processes, normalize to saleable output	monitor calibration; accredited test report; fuel certificate; calculation workbook

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	every inventory row	normalized amount = net row amount × 1,000 / net saleable reference-product mass	boundary-crossing row amount; net saleable product mass	row amount per 1,000 kg reference product
calc_electricity_conversion	electricity	electricity (MJ) = meter electricity (kWh) × 3.6	metered kWh	delivered electricity in MJ
calc_process_gas_energy	coke-oven, blast-furnace, and BOF gas	gas energy (MJ) = reference-condition gas volume (m3) × campaign-specific NCV (MJ/m3)	normalized gas volume; measured or supplier NCV	gas energy in MJ	eu-ferrous-metals-bat-2022
calc_direct_fossil_co2	direct fuel combustion	Prefer direct measured fossil CO2; otherwise sum fuel quantity × fuel carbon content × oxidation factor × 44/12, keeping fossil and biogenic carbon separate	fuel records; carbon content; oxidation factor; measured CO2 where available	kg fossil CO2 to air	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
calc_mass_balance	alloy-steel mass outputs	reconcile slab input with saleable product, metallic scrap, mill scale, sludge solids, and documented stock change; investigate the residual rather than forcing closure	all measured mass inputs/outputs and stock changes	documented mass-balance residual	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	reference product and feedstock	Preserve grade/designation, chemistry or governing specification, form, dimensions, surface state, and lot/campaign linkage from slab receipt through dispatch.	material certificates; order specification; slab and coil/plate tracking records
dq_temporal_coverage	all foreground records	Use a representative consecutive 12-month period where practicable; justify shorter periods, shutdown treatment, abnormal operation, and any record older than five years.	coverage summary; production calendar; deviation log; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
dq_meter_and_mass_balance	energy, gas, water, and material balances	Document meter boundaries, calibrations, missing-data treatment, allocation keys, stock changes, and reconciliation residuals.	calibration certificates; balance sheets; reconciliation and exception logs
dq_geography_technology	upstream and foreground datasets	Match geography, furnace/mill technology, alloy family, hot-charge practice, fuel mix, and water-treatment configuration; identify and justify every proxy.	dataset metadata; process diagram; supplier declarations
dq_completeness	inventory	Screen every line input/output and environmental release; retain reasons for exclusions and show that internal recycling is not double counted.	signed flow screening; mass/water/energy/carbon balances; waste and emission registers

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validation_identity	reference product	Reject a dataset unless alloy designation, non-silicon-electrical identity, width of at least 600 mm, as-hot-rolled state, and absence of further working are demonstrated.	un-cpc-v3-structure-2025
validation_reference_mass	reference flow	Confirm that net saleable output equals exactly 1,000 kg after normalization and that every inventory row uses the same denominator.
validation_upstream_link	slab input	Report the dataset as gate-to-gate unless a compatible upstream steelmaking, casting, and any pre-slab primary-rolling dataset is linked without overlap or omission.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
validation_energy_water	energy, gas, oxygen, and water	Reconcile meters to the declared rolling-line boundary, state gas reference conditions and water source/destination, and explain material residuals or shared-service allocations.	eu-ferrous-metals-bat-2022; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
validation_residues_emissions	waste and elementary outputs	Verify separate identities, quantities, and fates for scrap, scale, sludge, wastewater, fossil CO2, and particulate matter; do not substitute a combined residue or emissions row.	eu-ferrous-metals-bat-2022; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
validation_allocation	multi-product campaigns and exported materials	Confirm subdivision was attempted first and every remaining allocation, substitution, destination, and sensitivity is documented without double counting internal loops.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground hot-rolling production dataset; may be combined with a compatible upstream alloy-steel slab dataset for cradle-to-gate publication
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset after independent review of representativeness, allocation, and upstream linkage
allowed_use	Product-footprint and lifecycle-model studies requiring an explicitly graded, at-least-600-mm-wide, as-hot-rolled alloy-steel input within the represented geography, technology, and period
excluded_use	Silicon-electrical steel; width below 600 mm; cold-rolled, pickled, coated, plated, clad, polished, profiled, or fabricated products; unsupported geography or alloy-family proxies; public comparative assertions without study-specific review
required_metadata	PCR id and version; product grade/designation and chemistry/specification; form and dimensions; surface and further-working state; upstream slab dataset; steelmaking, casting, and any primary-rolling route; mill and furnace technology; fuel identity; geography; period; allocation; water-treatment boundary; packaging; UUID gaps and proxies
required_quality_disclosure	Primary-data share and period; calibration and reconciliation evidence; mass/water/energy/carbon residuals; missing-data treatment; allocation sensitivity; data age; upstream compatibility; excluded operations; unresolved flow identities and range evidence
update_trigger	Change in alloy family, product form, feedstock route, mill configuration, furnace fuel, hot-charge practice, water treatment, allocation method, geography, representative year, product specification, or resolution of a material UUID/evidence gap

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-v3-structure-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification Version 3.0 structure (30 June 2025). https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv (retrieved 2026-09-03)	Official subclass title and product identity: alloy-steel flat product, width threshold, as-hot-rolled state, and silicon-electrical-steel exclusion
un-cpc-v3-explanatory-notes-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification Version 3.0 explanatory notes (30 June 2025). https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-03)	Original explanatory note confirming that hot-rolled high-speed-steel flat products with width of 600 mm or more are classified in subclass 41213
eu-ferrous-metals-bat-2022	standard	Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/2110 of 11 October 2022 establishing BAT conclusions for the ferrous metals processing industry. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022D2110 (retrieved 2026-09-03)	Hot-rolling process decomposition; energy, water, residues, emissions, monitoring, and directly associated treatment requirements; BAT performance levels are not used as empirical inventory ranges
worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017	method_factor	World Steel Association, Life Cycle Inventory Methodology Report, 2017. https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Life-cycle-inventory-methodology-report.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-03)	Factory-gate declared unit, system-boundary framing, primary-data quality, internal recovery and co-product accounting; its stated stainless-steel exclusion limits direct applicability to stainless grades, for which foreground rules and a compatible upstream method must be documented separately