Flat-rolled products of high-speed steel of a width of less than 600 mm, not further worked than hot- or cold-rolled

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to high-speed-steel flat-rolled strip, coil, or sheet with a finished width below 600 mm, sold at the factory gate in a hot-rolled or cold-rolled state and not further worked. It covers gate-to-gate receipt of declared high-speed-steel feedstock, route-specific surface preparation, hot or cold rolling, route-required annealing, cooling, coiling, slitting or cutting to declared dimensions, inspection, and corrosion-protective oiling when these operations remain integral to producing the declared rolled market state.

The PCR excludes flat products 600 mm or wider; stainless, silicon-electrical, or other alloy steels that are not high-speed steel; bars, rods, wire, forgings, castings, and fabricated parts; and products that are plated, metallic-coated, painted, clad, machined, stamped, or otherwise further worked after the declared rolling route. Steelmaking and the production of externally supplied semi-finished or hot-band feedstock are represented by linked upstream datasets rather than duplicated inside the foreground rolling boundary. Use, downstream fabrication, distribution after the factory gate, and end-of-life are outside the default boundary.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.basic-metals.flat-rolled-products-of-high-speed-steel-of-a-width-of-less-than-600-mm-not-further-wor-cb876d72
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 41234
covered_products	High-speed-steel strip, coil, or sheet with finished width below 600 mm, in the declared hot-rolled or cold-rolled state and not further worked
excluded_products	Width of 600 mm or more; non-high-speed steels; long products; wire; forgings; castings; coated, plated, painted, clad, machined, stamped, or fabricated products
representative_product	Net saleable narrow high-speed-steel flat-rolled product at the rolling facility gate
production_route	Declared hot-rolling or cold-rolling route from identified high-speed-steel feedstock; pickling and annealing are included only when performed by the declared route
market_state	Coil, strip, or sheet; hot-rolled or cold-rolled; finished width below 600 mm; grade, thickness, surface condition, annealing condition, and oiling condition declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provide narrow high-speed-steel flat-rolled product at the rolling facility gate in the declared hot-rolled or cold-rolled market state
How much	1,000 kg net saleable product, excluding packaging
How well	Conforms to the producer-declared high-speed-steel grade, dimensions, tolerance, surface condition, and mechanical or hardness specification
How long or cycle	One completed production lot at the factory gate; no use-stage duration is represented
reference_flow_link	The reference flow is the net mass of conforming saleable product released from finishing

Field	Value
Reference amount	1,000 kg
Reference product flow	Flat-rolled products of high-speed steel of a width of less than 600 mm, not further worked than hot- or cold-rolled 541b0051-f1fa-4b04-aa1b-94d8e149dd5d
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	rolling route; high-speed-steel grade and applicable specification; principal alloy composition or grade designation; finished width and thickness; coil, strip, or sheet form; hot-rolled or cold-rolled state; surface and edge condition; annealing and temper condition; corrosion-protective oiling condition; facility and production geography; production period; feedstock state, origin, and upstream dataset; net mass measurement method; factory-gate boundary

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product and all material-balance rows	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Use verified net mass excluding packaging; normalize every foreground amount to 1,000 kg of conforming reference product.
electricity_energy	pickling_electricity, rolling_electricity, and annealing_electricity	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	MJ	Retain original meter data and convert purchased alternating-current electricity to MJ using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ; do not merge electricity with furnace fuel.
gas_volume	natural_gas_input	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	Report metered gaseous natural-gas volume with the meter or supplier reference temperature and pressure; do not combine values at different reference conditions without documented conversion.
water_volume	rinse and cooling-water inputs	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	Record make-up water crossing the facility boundary; exclude internally recirculated volume from the input amount and disclose the recirculation method separately.
material_balance	feedstock, product, scale, offcuts, spent process materials, and inventory change	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Reconcile dry or as-received mass consistently for the reporting period and document any unmeasured balance difference rather than assigning it to a generic waste flow.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Received high-speed-steel semi-finished feedstock or hot band suitable for the declared rolling route, with grade, form, mass, supplier, production geography, and upstream dataset identified
starting_condition_role	External product input to the foreground rolling system
product_classification_scope	High-speed-steel flat-rolled product below 600 mm width, released in a hot-rolled or cold-rolled state without subsequent working
recursive_input_rule	If a purchased hot-rolled strip input already falls within this product category, link one upstream dataset for that input and do not reapply this PCR recursively inside the foreground dataset
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link geographically and technologically representative upstream datasets for feedstock, electricity, natural gas, water, acids, oils, protective gases, and external waste treatment; identify supplier-specific data where available
disclosure	Declare route, feedstock state and origin, included surface preparation and annealing stages, fuel and electricity supply, water recirculation, waste destinations, allocation, production period, geography, and any omitted or externally modelled stage

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_foreground_operations	foreground rolling system	Include receipt and weighing of feedstock, pickling and rinsing when used, hot or cold rolling, route-required annealing, cooling, inline finishing, measured on-site utilities, generated wastes, and direct emissions through release of conforming product at the facility gate.	ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
boundary_upstream_links	externally supplied inputs	Represent production and inbound supply of feedstock, energy, water, chemicals, oils, and protective gases with linked upstream datasets; do not duplicate those upstream processes inside foreground rows.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
boundary_route_condition	hot-rolled and cold-rolled route variants	Apply pickling, cold reduction, annealing, and protective-atmosphere rows only when the declared production route actually uses the operation or exchange; do not average hot- and cold-rolled routes without production-mass weighting and disclosure.	ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
boundary_exclusions	downstream life cycle	Exclude packaging, distribution after the facility gate, use, downstream fabrication or coating, capital goods, and end-of-life from the default dataset; disclose any goal-scope extension as a separate module.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
feedstock_receipt	High-speed-steel feedstock receipt and weighing	required	Always included	Foreground boundary input and lot identity	Per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
pickling	Pickling, rinsing, and surface preparation	conditional	Include when oxide removal by acid pickling is performed before the declared rolling stage	Foreground surface preparation	Per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
rolling	Hot rolling or cold reduction	required	Include the declared hot-rolling or cold-rolling operation	Foreground shape and thickness reduction	Per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
annealing	Route-required annealing	conditional	Include when annealing is performed to obtain the declared rolled product state or properties	Foreground heat treatment	Per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
finishing	Cooling, coiling, slitting or cutting, inspection, and release	required	Always include operations needed to release the uncoated rolled product at declared dimensions	Foreground finishing and reference-product release	Per 1,000 kg conforming reference product

Process: High-speed-steel feedstock receipt and weighing (feedstock_receipt)

Inputs

Product flows

Received high-speed-steel feedstock (high_speed_steel_feedstock)

Record the mass of the specific semi-finished or hot-band high-speed-steel feedstock entering the foreground system, with grade, form, origin, and upstream dataset.

• Selected flow: High-speed-steel rolling feedstock
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Sum verified receipt or weighbridge mass attributable to the declared production lot and adjust for documented opening and closing inventory
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_feedstock_records
• Sources: worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: Pickling, rinsing, and surface preparation (pickling)

Inputs

Product flows

Pickling-line electricity (pickling_electricity)

Record purchased alternating-current electricity metered to pickling circulation, extraction, rinsing, drying, and associated equipment when pickling is included.

• Selected flow: Alternating current a500e350-83b8-4347-894e-b81ecd418615
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Metered electricity attributable to included pickling operations
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pickling_energy
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Hydrochloric acid supplied to pickling (hydrochloric_acid_input)

Record hydrochloric acid as a separate input only when the actual pickling recipe uses it; retain supplied concentration and regeneration status.

• Selected flow: Hydrochloric acid
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Supplier or tank-balance mass of hydrochloric acid solution entering the included pickling line
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product; supplied solution concentration declared
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pickling_materials
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Sulfuric acid supplied to pickling (sulfuric_acid_input)

Record sulfuric acid as a separate input only when the actual pickling recipe uses it; retain supplied concentration and recovery status.

• Selected flow: Sulfuric acid
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Supplier or tank-balance mass of sulfuric acid solution entering the included pickling line
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product; supplied solution concentration declared
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pickling_materials
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Demineralized rinse water (demineralized_rinse_water)

Record demineralized or demonstrably equivalent-quality make-up water entering the rinsing operation, excluding internal recirculation.

• Selected flow: Demineralized water
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered make-up water supplied to rinsing and attributable to included product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pickling_water
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Spent pickling solution (spent_pickling_solution)

Record the mass of spent pickling solution transferred out of the foreground process for regeneration, recovery, or treatment, with acid chemistry and destination declared.

• Selected flow: Spent pickling solution
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed or tank-balance mass removed from the included pickling system
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pickling_wastes
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Acidic rinse wastewater (acidic_rinse_wastewater)

Record acidic rinse wastewater discharged or transferred to treatment as one identified aqueous waste stream; do not combine it with scale or spent acid.

• Selected flow: Acidic rinse wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered wastewater volume leaving the rinsing system for on-site or external treatment
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pickling_wastes
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Removed iron-oxide scale (iron_oxide_scale)

Record separately collected scale removed from the high-speed-steel surface and sent to recovery or treatment.

• Selected flow: Mill scale aad763e2-78ab-4fcb-8a3b-8d8525c9e6ca
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed dry mass, or wet mass with measured moisture correction, removed from included surface preparation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pickling_wastes
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Elementary flows

Hydrogen chloride released to air (hydrogen_chloride_air)

Record measured hydrogen chloride released after abatement when hydrochloric-acid pickling is used.

• Selected flow: hydrogen chloride fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-aab0-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Stack concentration and standardized dry-gas flow integrated over operating time, or validated direct mass measurement
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pickling_air_emissions
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Sulfur dioxide released to air (sulfur_dioxide_air)

Record measured sulfur dioxide released after abatement when sulfur-bearing pickling operations generate this emission.

• Selected flow: Sulfur dioxide
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Stack concentration reported as sulfur dioxide and standardized dry-gas flow integrated over operating time
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pickling_air_emissions
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Process: Hot rolling or cold reduction (rolling)

Inputs

Product flows

Rolling-mill electricity (rolling_electricity)

Record purchased alternating-current electricity metered to the included hot-rolling or cold-reduction mill and directly associated drives.

• Selected flow: Alternating current a500e350-83b8-4347-894e-b81ecd418615
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Metered electricity attributable to rolling the declared product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_rolling_energy
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Rolling oil (rolling_oil_input)

Record the specific rolling oil or oil-in-water emulsion concentrate entering the rolling system when lubrication is used.

• Selected flow: Rolling oil
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Supplier receipts adjusted for stock change and separately documented recovery or recirculation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product; formulation or concentrate basis declared
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_rolling_materials
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Cooling-water make-up (cooling_water_input)

Record water entering the rolling and heat-exchanger cooling circuits from outside the facility system, excluding recirculated cooling water.

• Selected flow: Water
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered cooling-system make-up attributable to the included rolling operation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_rolling_water
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Spent rolling emulsion (spent_rolling_emulsion)

Record spent rolling emulsion removed from service and transferred for recovery or treatment; do not include emulsion retained in the recirculating circuit.

• Selected flow: Spent rolling emulsion
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed or tank-balance mass removed from the rolling-emulsion circuit
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_rolling_wastes
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Oil-bearing rolling sludge (rolling_oily_sludge)

Record oil-bearing sludge or filter residue removed from rolling-oil filtration as a distinct waste stream.

• Selected flow: Oil-bearing rolling sludge
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed as-received mass with moisture or oil-content characterization retained
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_rolling_wastes
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Elementary flows

Process: Route-required annealing (annealing)

Inputs

Product flows

Annealing-line electricity (annealing_electricity)

Record purchased alternating-current electricity used by an included electrically heated annealing furnace and its circulation, control, and cooling equipment.

• Selected flow: Alternating current a500e350-83b8-4347-894e-b81ecd418615
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Metered electricity attributable to annealing the declared product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_annealing_energy
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Gaseous natural gas for annealing (natural_gas_input)

Record delivered gaseous natural gas consumed by included annealing burners, with supply geography and metering reference conditions.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered natural-gas volume attributable to annealing the declared product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product; meter temperature and pressure declared
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_annealing_energy
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Protective nitrogen (protective_nitrogen)

Record nitrogen entering the annealing protective atmosphere separately from hydrogen when the declared furnace uses it.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen gas 96ba4c16-fd7c-424e-b318-d87484d3d7c0
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered or supplier-recorded nitrogen volume entering the included annealing line
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product; gas reference conditions and purity declared
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_annealing_gases
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Protective hydrogen (protective_hydrogen)

Record hydrogen entering the annealing protective atmosphere separately from nitrogen when the declared furnace uses it.

• Selected flow: Hydrogen gas
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered or supplier-recorded hydrogen volume entering the included annealing line
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product; gas reference conditions and purity declared
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_annealing_gases
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide released to air (fossil_co2_air)

Record fossil carbon dioxide from included natural-gas-fired annealing after reconciling monitored or fuel-carbon data; do not include upstream fuel-supply emissions here.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Validated site emission record attributable to the included annealing furnace
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_annealing_air_emissions
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Nitrogen dioxide released to air (nitrogen_dioxide_air)

Record measured nitrogen oxides from included annealing combustion on the reported nitrogen-dioxide-equivalent basis; retain the conversion basis with the raw record.

• Selected flow: nitrogen dioxide 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-96e5-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Stack concentration reported as nitrogen dioxide equivalent and standardized dry-gas flow integrated over operating time
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_annealing_air_emissions
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Carbon monoxide released to air (carbon_monoxide_air)

Record measured carbon monoxide from included annealing combustion as a separate elementary exchange.

• Selected flow: carbon monoxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-924e-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Stack concentration and standardized dry-gas flow integrated over operating time
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_annealing_air_emissions
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Process: Cooling, coiling, slitting or cutting, inspection, and release (finishing)

Inputs

Product flows

Corrosion-preventive oil (corrosion_preventive_oil_input)

Record the specific corrosion-preventive oil applied to the finished rolled surface only when the declared product is oiled.

• Selected flow: Corrosion-preventive oil
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Supplier receipts adjusted for stock change or calibrated applicator rate reconciled to oiled product area
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product; formulation and oiled area declared
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_materials
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Conforming narrow flat-rolled high-speed-steel product (reference_product)

Record only product that meets the declared grade, width, thickness, rolled state, surface, and release criteria at the factory gate.

• Selected flow: Flat-rolled products of high-speed steel of a width of less than 600 mm, not further worked than hot- or cold-rolled 541b0051-f1fa-4b04-aa1b-94d8e149dd5d
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Fixed reference output of 1,000 kg net conforming saleable product
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Source rule (source_rule)
• Collection protocol:
• Sources: un-cpc-3-0-2025; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Waste flows

Segregated high-speed-steel offcuts (high_speed_steel_offcuts)

Record edge trim, cropped ends, and rejected high-speed-steel strip leaving the foreground process for recovery as one segregated metal waste stream.

• Selected flow: High-speed-steel offcuts
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed segregated mass leaving finishing, adjusted for documented internal return within the same reporting period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_wastes
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivision_first	shared rolling, pickling, annealing, and finishing operations	Prefer subdivision, dedicated meters, lot records, and direct mass tracking so burdens are assigned to the actual product route before any allocation is used.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
allocation_shared_operations	unavoidable shared utilities or campaigns	When direct separation is not feasible, allocate by a documented physical driver that reflects the shared operation, such as processed mass, meter interval, furnace charge, operating time, or treated surface area; disclose the driver and test sensitivity for material allocations.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
allocation_offcuts_and_recovery	offcuts, scale, spent acids, oils, and recovery outputs	Report each exported recovery stream at the foreground boundary and identify its destination; do not net waste mass or recycling credit against the reference product. Any system expansion or recycling credit belongs to an explicitly declared extended scope.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
allocation_no_double_counting	purchased feedstock and external treatment	Do not duplicate burdens already contained in the linked feedstock, energy, material, or treatment dataset, and do not recursively reapply this PCR to the same purchased hot-rolled input.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_feedstock_records	feedstock_receipt	high-speed-steel feedstock	weighbridge, receipt, and inventory record	lot id; grade; form; supplier; origin; receipt mass; opening stock; closing stock	Reconcile lot receipts and inventory to production issue records	kg	Each receipt and reporting-period close	Same period as product output, normally at least 12 representative months	All feedstock entering the reporting facility	Sum attributable receipt mass plus opening stock minus closing stock	Calibrated scale certificate, supplier certificate, lot traceability, and inventory reconciliation
cp_pickling_energy	pickling	electricity	submeter or allocated main-meter record	meter id; start and end reading; time interval; product lots; grid supplier; voltage	Read dedicated meter; if shared, allocate by documented operating interval and processed mass	kWh and MJ	Each shift or batch, aggregated monthly	Same period as product output	Included pickling line	Sum attributable readings and convert kWh to MJ	Meter calibration, invoice reconciliation, and allocation worksheet
cp_pickling_materials	pickling	each pickling acid	invoice, tank level, and recipe record	chemical identity; concentration; delivered mass; opening stock; closing stock; regenerated return; product lots	Reconcile purchases and tank balances separately for each acid	kg solution and kg active acid	Each delivery and batch, aggregated monthly	Same period as product output	Included pickling baths	Sum net external input by chemical identity; keep solution and active-acid bases distinct	Supplier specification, tank calibration, recipe record, and regeneration log
cp_pickling_water	pickling	demineralized rinse water	water-meter record	meter id; inlet volume; recirculated volume; product lots	Meter external make-up water at the rinse system boundary	m3	Daily or each batch, aggregated monthly	Same period as product output	Included rinsing stages	Sum external make-up only	Meter calibration and water-balance reconciliation
cp_pickling_wastes	pickling	each pickling waste	tank transfer, waste manifest, scale weighment, and laboratory record	waste identity; mass or volume; moisture; acid chemistry; destination; date; product lots	Record each transferred waste stream separately and reconcile with treatment manifests	kg or m3	Each transfer, aggregated monthly	Same period as product output	Included pickling and rinsing stages	Sum by waste identity and destination	Waste manifest, calibrated scale or tank, and laboratory characterization
cp_pickling_air_emissions	pickling	each acid-gas emission	stack test or continuous monitoring record	substance; concentration; gas flow; moisture; oxygen; reference conditions; operating time; abatement status	Integrate validated substance-specific concentration and standardized gas flow over attributable operation	kg	Continuous where available or each required stack-test campaign	Representative of the reporting period and operating states	Included pickling exhaust points	Sum mass by substance; no aggregation into a generic air-emission row	Monitoring calibration, test report, and operating log
cp_rolling_energy	rolling	electricity	rolling-mill submeter record	meter id; start and end reading; interval; product lot; rolling route; grid supplier; voltage	Read dedicated mill meter or allocate a shared meter by documented operating data	kWh and MJ	Each shift or campaign, aggregated monthly	Same period as product output	Included rolling mill	Sum attributable readings and convert kWh to MJ	Meter calibration, invoice reconciliation, and production log
cp_rolling_materials	rolling	rolling oil	purchase, stock, formulation, and recovery record	product name; formulation; delivered mass; opening stock; closing stock; recovered mass; product lots	Reconcile net external input for the specific oil or concentrate	kg	Each delivery and reporting-period close	Same period as product output	Included rolling-oil system	Purchases plus opening stock minus closing stock minus documented external recovery return	Supplier specification, inventory record, and oil-system balance
cp_rolling_water	rolling	cooling-water make-up	water-meter and cooling-loop record	make-up volume; blowdown; recirculation; meter id; product lots	Meter water crossing into the cooling system and document recirculation separately	m3	Daily, aggregated monthly	Same period as product output	Included rolling and cooling circuits	Sum external make-up attributable to rolling	Meter calibration and cooling-water balance
cp_rolling_wastes	rolling	each oil-bearing waste	waste manifest, tank, and filter-service record	waste identity; mass; moisture; oil content; destination; date; product lots	Weigh or tank-measure each removed emulsion or sludge stream separately	kg	Each removal, aggregated monthly	Same period as product output	Included rolling-oil and filtration systems	Sum by waste identity and destination	Waste manifest, scale or tank calibration, and characterization report
cp_annealing_energy	annealing	electricity or natural gas	furnace submeter and fuel-meter record	energy carrier; meter id; readings; reference temperature and pressure for gas; furnace id; charge; product lots	Meter electricity and natural gas separately for included furnace operation	kWh, MJ, and m3	Each furnace charge or continuous-line shift, aggregated monthly	Same period as product output	Included annealing furnace and associated equipment	Sum each carrier separately and normalize to conforming output	Meter calibration, fuel invoice, furnace log, and gas-condition record
cp_annealing_gases	annealing	each protective gas	gas meter or supplier record	gas identity; purity; volume; temperature; pressure; cylinder or meter id; furnace charge	Meter nitrogen and hydrogen separately at consistent reference conditions	m3	Each charge or shift, aggregated monthly	Same period as product output	Included protective-atmosphere supply	Sum by gas identity; do not report mixed gas without its component records	Supplier certificate, meter calibration, and furnace recipe
cp_annealing_air_emissions	annealing	each combustion emission	continuous monitor, stack test, or validated site emission record	substance; concentration; gas flow; oxygen; moisture; reference conditions; operating time; furnace and fuel data	Integrate substance-specific monitored emissions over attributable operation	kg	Continuous where available or each required stack-test campaign	Representative of the reporting period and furnace operating states	Included annealing exhaust points	Sum mass by substance and retain any equivalence conversion	Monitor calibration, stack-test report, fuel reconciliation, and furnace log
cp_finishing_materials	finishing	corrosion-preventive oil	supplier, stock, and applicator record	formulation; delivered mass; opening stock; closing stock; applicator rate; oiled area; product lots	Reconcile net supplied oil or calibrated application to declared oiled product	kg	Each lot and reporting-period close	Same period as product output	Included oiling equipment	Sum net external oil attributable to declared product	Supplier specification, stock reconciliation, and applicator calibration
cp_finishing_wastes	finishing	high-speed-steel offcuts	scale, scrap-bin, and recovery record	waste identity; grade; mass; internal return; external destination; product lots	Weigh segregated offcuts and distinguish same-period internal return from exported waste	kg	Each bin or lot, aggregated monthly	Same period as product output	Included slitting, cutting, and inspection	Sum exported offcut mass by grade and destination	Scale calibration, scrap manifest, and production reconciliation
cp_product_output	finishing	conforming reference product	final scale and release record	lot id; grade; width; thickness; form; rolled state; surface; annealing state; oiling state; net mass; release status	Weigh conforming product after inspection and before packaging	kg	Each released lot	Same period as all foreground inputs and outputs	All conforming product released by the reporting facility	Sum net mass of released conforming product only	Calibrated scale, inspection release, grade certificate, and dimensional record

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_normalize_reference_mass	every non-reference inventory row	normalized amount = attributable reporting-period amount / conforming product output mass × 1,000 kg	collected row amount; cp_product_output net conforming mass	amount per 1,000 kg reference product	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
calc_electricity_conversion	electricity rows	MJ = metered kWh × 3.6; retain both the original meter unit and conversion	metered kWh	MJ of alternating-current electricity
calc_gas_condition_alignment	natural gas and protective gases	Convert only when source and target temperature, pressure, and moisture basis are documented; otherwise retain the metered condition and flag the record as non-comparable	metered volume; temperature; pressure; moisture basis	m3 at declared reference conditions
calc_material_balance	feedstock, reference product, offcuts, scale, spent process materials, and stock change	Reconcile input mass with conforming output, separately measured material outputs, and documented inventory change; report the remaining balance difference explicitly in quality disclosure	mass records from receipt, waste, and product protocols	reporting-period mass-balance statement	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
calc_shared_meter_allocation	shared electricity, water, gas, or material records	Allocate only the unavoidable shared total using the documented physical driver selected under allocation_shared_operations; retain total, driver values, and sensitivity	shared total; process time, mass, charge, or area driver	attributable process amount	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	feedstock and reference product	Retain grade certificates and product records that distinguish high-speed steel, width below 600 mm, rolled state, dimensions, surface condition, and absence of further working.	Supplier certificate, internal grade record, dimensional inspection, and release certificate
dq_technology	all foreground processes	Identify hot- or cold-rolling route, pickling chemistry, rolling-mill configuration, annealing furnace and atmosphere, abatement, recirculation, and any excluded stage.	Process flow diagram, operating recipe, equipment register, and environmental permit record
dq_time	all collected amounts	Use one consistent representative reporting period, normally at least 12 months, and disclose shutdowns, abnormal operation, and non-representative campaigns.	Dated meter, production, maintenance, and environmental records
dq_geography	energy, material, and feedstock datasets	Match electricity supplier or grid, fuel supply, feedstock source, and external treatment geography to the facility and reporting period where possible; justify generic data.	Supplier records, dataset metadata, and documented data-selection rationale
dq_completeness	inventory	Account separately for every applicable listed exchange, mark genuinely absent conditional rows as not applicable in the produced dataset, and explain any measured balance difference or unmonitored expected emission.	Completed row checklist, mass and energy reconciliations, and omission log
dq_measurement	meters, scales, tanks, and emission monitors	Use calibrated instruments or documented supplier records and preserve unit, reference condition, detection limit, and allocation data.	Calibration certificates, invoices, laboratory reports, and raw meter exports
dq_uuid_resolution	UUID-empty flows	Resolve and directly audit each exact TianGong flow before publication of a fully linked dataset; do not substitute an oxygen flow for nitrogen or a generic alloy-steel product for the reference product.	Public state-code-100 direct read and semantic audit record

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validation_identity	reference product	Fail the package if high-speed-steel grade, width below 600 mm, hot- or cold-rolled state, product form, net mass, or absence of further working is not demonstrated.	un-cpc-3-0-2025; china-mofcom-high-speed-steel-terminology
validation_reference_amount	reference flow	Require exactly 1,000 kg net conforming product excluding packaging and verify that every included amount uses the same normalization denominator.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
validation_route_completeness	process map and inventory	Require each declared operation to have its applicable atomic inputs, wastes, and direct emissions recorded; reject merged energy, chemical, waste, or emission collections and unexplained conditional omissions.	ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022
validation_energy_identity	electricity and natural gas	Require supplier, geography, voltage and delivery boundary for electricity, and supply geography, furnace application, meter temperature, and pressure for natural gas; reject energy-carrier aggregation.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017; ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022
validation_mass_balance	material flows	Require a reporting-period reconciliation of feedstock, conforming output, separately measured offcuts, scale, spent materials, and stock change; disclose rather than fabricate any residual.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
validation_allocation	shared operations and recovery streams	Require subdivision or a documented physical allocation driver and confirm that exported wastes, upstream datasets, and recycling effects are not double-counted or netted into product mass.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
validation_data_quality	published dataset	Require traceable raw records, calibration evidence, reporting-period and geographic representativeness, route disclosure, unresolved-UUID disclosure, and explicit exclusions before the dataset is accepted for background use.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	secondary_dataset or background_dataset after review and linkage of representative upstream datasets
downstream_use	Foreground high-speed-steel product systems, process datasets, and lifecycle models needing a factory-gate narrow hot- or cold-rolled high-speed-steel input
allowed_use	Product systems whose grade, width, rolled state, geography, technology, time, and boundary are compatible with the published dataset and whose upstream linking and allocation are visible
excluded_use	Generic substitution for stainless, electrical, or other alloy steel; products 600 mm or wider; coated or fabricated products; public comparative assertions without equivalent function and required review; use-stage or end-of-life claims unless separately modelled
required_metadata	canonical PCR id; CPC reference; product grade and specification; composition or grade designation; width; thickness; form; rolled, annealed, surface, and oiling states; facility and geography; production period; feedstock source and upstream dataset; electricity and fuel supply; technology; boundary; allocation; waste destinations; UUID-resolution status
required_quality_disclosure	Data age and coverage; meter and scale calibration; mass and energy reconciliation; route and production-mass weighting; shared-meter allocation; upstream dataset representativeness; water recirculation; abatement; missing or below-detection emissions; unresolved UUIDs; exclusions; uncertainty and sensitivity
update_trigger	Change in high-speed-steel grade mix, hot- or cold-route share, feedstock source, rolling or annealing technology, pickling chemistry, energy supply, abatement, allocation, facility geography, or reporting period that materially changes representativeness

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv (retrieved 2026-09-03)	Official CPC 41234 product identity and exclusions implied by the leaf wording
ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022	official_guidance	European Commission Joint Research Centre, Best Available Techniques Reference Document for the Ferrous Metals Processing Industry, 2022, https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2022-12/FMP%20BREF_Final%20Version.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-03)	Hot- and cold-rolling process decomposition; pickling, rinsing, oils, cooling water, annealing atmospheres, finishing, wastes, and direct-emission collection needs
worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017	official_guidance	World Steel Association, Life Cycle Inventory Methodology Report, 2017, https://worldsteel.org/media/publications/lci-report-2017-pdf/?do_download_id=7f96813a-3756-4842-8dbc-38ce201f2914 (retrieved 2026-09-03)	Declared mass unit, factory-gate boundary, upstream linking, geographic and technology representativeness, emissions accounting, data collection, allocation, recycling disclosure, and validation
china-mofcom-high-speed-steel-terminology	official_guidance	Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China, Global Laws and Regulations tariff schedule page, https://policy.mofcom.gov.cn/pact/pactContent.shtml?id=1986 (retrieved 2026-09-03)	Professional Chinese terminology for high-speed-steel flat-rolled products below 600 mm width