TianGong PCR

Flat-rolled products of non-alloy steel, not further worked than cold-rolled, of a width of 600 mm or more

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zh-CN · Aligned
Status, classification and source details

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  • Warnings methodology_not_reviewed Authored methodology is candidate guidance and still requires methodology review.

Classification mapping

CPC 3.0:41221 · exact

Source

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers uncoated flat-rolled non-alloy steel at least 600 mm wide that leaves the reporting gate not further worked than cold-rolled. Coil and cut-sheet forms are included when grade, dimensions, surface, temper and delivery form are declared. Integrated steelworks and stand-alone cold rollers are supported by linking purchased intermediates to compatible upstream cradle-to-gate datasets.

Products narrower than 600 mm; alloy, stainless, silicon-electrical or high-speed steels; hot-rolled products; and clad, plated, coated or otherwise further-worked products are excluded. Downstream fabrication, use and end-of-life are outside the reference result.

2. Product Category Identity

FieldValue
canonical_pcr_idpcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.basic-metals.flat-rolled-products-of-non-alloy-steel-not-further-worked-than-cold-rolled-of-a-width-649bcce4
classification_refsCPC 3.0: 41221 (exact)
covered_productsUncoated non-alloy steel cold-rolled coil or cut sheet, width >= 600 mm, not further worked than cold-rolled
excluded_productsWidth < 600 mm; alloy, stainless, silicon-electrical or high-speed steel; hot-rolled-only, clad, plated, coated or otherwise further-worked products
representative_productSaleable uncoated non-alloy cold-rolled steel coil at the steelworks or cold-rolling gate
production_routeBOF or EAF steelmaking followed by casting, hot-strip production, pickling, cold reduction and declared applicable annealing, temper/skin-pass and finishing
market_stateDry saleable coil or cut sheet; uncoated; grade, width, thickness, temper, surface, edge and packaging state declared

3. Reference Flow

FieldValue
WhatSupply of saleable uncoated non-alloy steel flat product in the cold-rolled state
How much1,000 kg net saleable product
How wellDeclared grade and dimensions, width >= 600 mm, uncoated and not further worked beyond the declared cold-rolled state
How long or cycleOne production batch or reporting-period aggregate; no use-stage duration
reference_flow_linkcold_rolled_product
FieldValue
Reference amount1,000 kg
Reference product flowFlat-rolled non-alloy steel product, cold-rolled, width >= 600 mm
Reference flow propertyMass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit groupUnits of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unitkg
Required qualifiersnon-alloy steel grade; BOF/EAF route share; width; thickness; coil or sheet form; annealed state; temper/skin-pass state; surface and edge; uncoated status; geography; technology; reference year; packaging inclusion

All required qualifiers shall be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference-flow comment, product description or an equivalent field. The reference-product UUID is unresolved: hybrid search followed by direct reads found no exact TianGong product flow matching this product name and boundary.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_idApplies toRequired propertyRequired unitRule
reference_massreference product and mass rowsMass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66kgUse net dry saleable mass and normalize every inventory quantity to 1,000 kg of cold_rolled_product.
electricity_measurementelectricity rowsEnergykWhPreserve purchased and self-generated electricity separately; report reconciled net consumption.
gas_volume_basisnatural gas and oxygenVolumem3Declare temperature and pressure basis; do not combine incompatible normal-volume conditions.
mass_balance_basisintermediate, product and waste massMasskgReconcile inputs, outputs, internal returns, stock change and losses on consistent bases.

5. System Boundary

The required result is cradle-to-gate. Purchased materials, energy and steel intermediates require compatible upstream datasets. Foreground begins at the first reporting-organization-controlled process and ends with dispatch-ready qualifying product.

rule_idApplies toRulesource_ids
boundary_cradle_to_gatereference datasetInclude upstream production and all controlled steelmaking, casting, hot-strip, pickling, cold reduction, applicable annealing and finishing, utilities, abatement, internal transport and waste management through the gate.worldsteel-2021-lci-study; worldsteel-2017-lci-methodology; ec-jrc-2022-fmp-bref
boundary_purchased_intermediatepurchased slab or hot-rolled coilRecord the purchased intermediate once with a compatible cradle-to-gate upstream dataset; do not duplicate supplier stages.worldsteel-2021-lci-study; worldsteel-2017-lci-methodology
boundary_product_exclusionsproduct identityExclude coating, plating, cladding, downstream fabrication, use and embedded end-of-life credits.un-cpc-v3-41221; china-mof-2024-tariff-7209; worldsteel-2023-cold-rolled-coil-global

Boundary Abstraction

FieldValue
declared_starting_conditionRaw materials, scrap or purchased steel intermediate received at the first controlled process, with upstream cradle-to-gate datasets
starting_condition_roleForeground control boundary within a cradle-to-gate product system
product_classification_scopeUncoated non-alloy steel flat product, cold-rolled terminal state, width >= 600 mm
recursive_input_ruleRecord a same-category or upstream steel intermediate once and omit processes represented by its upstream dataset
upstream_dataset_requirementGeography-, technology-, grade-, time- and allocation-compatible cradle-to-gate datasets for purchased inputs
disclosureBOF/EAF shares; controlled stages; intermediates; electricity; gas conditions; grade and dimensions; annealing and finishing; allocation; internal scrap; packaging; geography; technology; period

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_idprocess_nameinclusioninclusion_conditionrolequantitative_reference
steelmaking_and_castingIronmaking, steelmaking, refining and castingconditionalForeground when site-controlled; otherwise represented upstream. Route rows apply only to the declared BOF/EAF configuration.non-alloy steel slab productionkg slab
hot_strip_productionSlab reheating and hot-strip productionconditionalForeground when site-controlled; otherwise use a compatible upstream hot-rolled-coil dataset.hot-rolled feed coil productionkg hot-rolled coil
cold_rolling_and_finishingPickling, cold reduction and applicable finishingrequiredPickling and cold reduction required; annealing, temper/skin-pass and finishing only when performed before the gate.qualifying product production1,000 kg saleable product

Process: Ironmaking, steelmaking, refining and casting (steelmaking_and_casting)

Inputs

Product flows
Natural gas for sinter ignition (sinter_ignition_natural_gas)

Record only when consumed to ignite an in-scope sinter strand.

  • Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
  • Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3; unit group 93a60a57-a3c8-12da-a746-0800200c9a66
  • Amount rule: metered volume at declared conditions
  • Value mode: foreground_record
  • Specificity: technology_specific
  • Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: reference_flow
  • Evidence kind: collected_record
  • Collection protocol: cp_steelmaking_inventory
  • Sources: worldsteel-2017-lci-methodology
Industrial oxygen for refining (industrial_oxygen)

Record only when oxygen-blown refining applies.

  • Selected flow: Industrial oxygen bd4b0f96-2090-4806-a648-335ab20ff401
  • Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3; unit group 93a60a57-a3c8-12da-a746-0800200c9a66
  • Amount rule: metered volume at declared normal conditions
  • Value mode: foreground_record
  • Specificity: technology_specific
  • Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: reference_flow
  • Evidence kind: collected_record
  • Collection protocol: cp_steelmaking_inventory
  • Sources: worldsteel-2017-lci-methodology
Electricity for steelmaking and casting (steelmaking_electricity)

Record reconciled electricity for included production, utilities and abatement.

  • Selected flow: Steelworks electricity at point of use
  • Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
  • Amount rule: reconciled meter consumption
  • Value mode: foreground_record
  • Specificity: site_specific
  • Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: reference_flow
  • Evidence kind: collected_record
  • Collection protocol: cp_steelmaking_inventory
  • Sources: worldsteel-2021-lci-study
Waste flows
Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows
Waste flows
Elementary flows
Fossil carbon dioxide from refining (fossil_carbon_dioxide)

Record direct refining emissions only; exclude upstream electricity emissions.

  • Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
  • Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
  • Amount rule: direct measurement or documented carbon balance
  • Value mode: calculated_value
  • Specificity: technology_specific
  • Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: reference_flow
  • Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
  • Collection protocol: cp_steelmaking_inventory
  • Sources: worldsteel-2021-lci-study

Process: Slab reheating and hot-strip production (hot_strip_production)

Inputs

Product flows
Electricity for hot-strip production (hot_strip_electricity)

Record electricity for descaling, rolling, cooling, coiling, utilities and abatement.

  • Selected flow: Steelworks electricity at point of use
  • Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
  • Amount rule: reconciled meter consumption
  • Value mode: foreground_record
  • Specificity: site_specific
  • Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: reference_flow
  • Evidence kind: collected_record
  • Collection protocol: cp_hot_strip_inventory
  • Sources: ec-jrc-2022-fmp-bref
Waste flows
Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows
Uncoated hot-rolled coil (hot_rolled_coil)

Record feed coil released to pickling.

  • Selected flow: steel hot rolled coil 4f1a1835-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
  • Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
  • Amount rule: measured released coil mass
  • Value mode: calculated_value
  • Specificity: product_specific
  • Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: reference_flow
  • Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
  • Collection protocol: cp_hot_strip_inventory
  • Sources: worldsteel-2017-lci-methodology; ec-jrc-2022-fmp-bref
Waste flows
Elementary flows

Process: Pickling, cold reduction and applicable finishing (cold_rolling_and_finishing)

Inputs

Product flows
Hot-rolled coil entering pickling (pickling_feed_coil)

Record uncoated feed coil at the cold-rolling boundary.

  • Selected flow: steel hot rolled coil 4f1a1835-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
  • Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
  • Amount rule: weighed feed-coil mass
  • Value mode: foreground_record
  • Specificity: product_specific
  • Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: reference_flow
  • Evidence kind: collected_record
  • Collection protocol: cp_cold_rolling_inventory
  • Sources: worldsteel-2023-cold-rolled-coil-global; ec-jrc-2022-fmp-bref
Electricity for cold rolling and finishing (cold_rolling_electricity)

Record pickling, cold reduction and declared applicable finishing electricity.

  • Selected flow: Steelworks electricity at point of use
  • Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
  • Amount rule: reconciled meter consumption
  • Value mode: foreground_record
  • Specificity: site_specific
  • Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: reference_flow
  • Evidence kind: collected_record
  • Collection protocol: cp_cold_rolling_inventory
  • Sources: ec-jrc-2022-fmp-bref
Waste flows
Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows
Qualifying cold-rolled product (cold_rolled_product)

This is the product output matching the Reference Flow Definition. Its TianGong product-flow UUID is explicitly unresolved; record only net saleable product meeting the declared boundary.

  • Selected flow: Flat-rolled non-alloy steel product, cold-rolled, width >= 600 mm
  • Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg; unit group 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
  • Amount rule: net saleable mass normalized to exactly 1,000 kg
  • Value mode: calculated_value
  • Specificity: product_specific
  • Normalization basis: 1,000 kg saleable reference product
  • Basis kind: reference_flow
  • Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
  • Collection protocol: cp_cold_rolling_inventory
  • Sources: un-cpc-v3-41221; worldsteel-2023-cold-rolled-coil-global
Waste flows
Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_idApplies toRulesource_ids
allocation_subdivision_firstforeground burdensUse direct metering, process subdivision and internal-transfer tracing before allocation.worldsteel-2017-lci-methodology
allocation_internal_scrapinternal scrapTreat internal returns as transfers, not external input, final waste or recycling credit.worldsteel-2023-cold-rolled-coil-global
allocation_co_productsexported co-productsUse system expansion only with a defensible substitute and displacement ratio; disclose assumptions and sensitivity.worldsteel-2023-cold-rolled-coil-global; worldsteel-2017-lci-methodology
allocation_end_of_liferecyclingReport end-of-life recycling separately and prevent double counting.worldsteel-2021-lci-study; worldsteel-2023-cold-rolled-coil-global

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_idprocess_idflow_rolerecord_typeraw_fieldscollection_methodunitfrequencytemporal_coveragesite_scopeaggregation_rulequality_evidence
cp_steelmaking_inventorysteelmaking_and_castinglisted rowsmeters, stack data, production recordsquantity; unit; time; route; gas condition; boundaryreconcile process and meter recordsrow-specificmonthly>= 12 representative monthscontrolled steelmaking and abatementnormalize after stock and transfer reconciliationcalibration; route balance
cp_hot_strip_inventoryhot_strip_productionlisted rowscoil scales and metersquantity; unit; time; coil; boundaryreconcile campaigns to released coilrow-specificmonthly>= 12 representative monthscontrolled hot-strip operationsnormalize after transfer reconciliationcalibration; genealogy
cp_cold_rolling_inventorycold_rolling_and_finishinglisted rowsfeed/product scales and metersquantity; unit; time; coil; grade; dimensions; finishing flagstrace feed through saleable outputrow-specificmonthly>= 12 representative monthscold rolling and applicable finishingnormalize to net saleable outputgenealogy; calibration; inspection

Calculation Rules

rule_idApplies toFormula or ruleInputsOutputsource_ids
calc_reference_normalizationevery rownormalized quantity = verified row quantity / net saleable product mass x 1,000 kgrow quantity; product massquantity per 1,000 kg
calc_gas_basisgas rowsConvert after recording actual and target temperature, pressure and factor; retain original reading.volume; conditions; factorm3 at declared conditions
calc_route_weightingmulti-route datasetAggregate separately complete BOF and EAF inventories using verified saleable-mass shares.route inventories; sharesweighted inventoryworldsteel-2021-lci-study

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_idApplies toRequirementEvidence
dq_identityreference productRetain grade, dimensions, form, surface, temper, uncoated status and genealogy.specification; inspection
dq_routerouteReport BOF/EAF shares and controlled stages versus purchased intermediates.production ledger; dataset map
dq_temporalforegroundUse >= 12 representative months or justify a shorter campaign.dated meters and logs
dq_completenessall processesAccount for listed rows and add every significant actual atomic exchange without umbrella labels.balances; signed checklist
dq_upstreampurchased inputsSelect upstream datasets compatible with geography, technology, state, time and allocation.metadata and rationale

9. Validation Rules

rule_idApplies toRulesource_ids
validation_identityreference productFail for alloy steel, width < 600 mm, coating, further working beyond cold rolling, or missing qualifiers.un-cpc-v3-41221; china-mof-2024-tariff-7209
validation_reference_amountreference flowRequire one cold_rolled_product output normalized to 1,000 kg.worldsteel-2023-cold-rolled-coil-global
validation_route_boundaryboundaryRequire a complete cradle-to-gate chain without duplicated stages.worldsteel-2021-lci-study; worldsteel-2017-lci-methodology
validation_process_sequencecold rollingRequire pickling and cold reduction plus applicable/not-applicable finishing declarations.ec-jrc-2022-fmp-bref
validation_inventory_atomicityinventoryRequire one exchange, direction, flow type, amount rule, unit, basis, evidence and protocol per row.
validation_allocationco-productsRequire documented system expansion and separate end-of-life reporting.worldsteel-2017-lci-methodology; worldsteel-2023-cold-rolled-coil-global

10. Published Dataset Profile

FieldValue
dataset_rolesecondary_dataset; background_dataset
downstream_useCradle-to-gate LCA for uncoated non-alloy cold-rolled flat steel, width >= 600 mm
allowed_useStudies compatible with declared grade, dimensions, route, geography, technology, period and allocation
excluded_useCoated, alloy or stainless products; width < 600 mm; downstream fabrication; undisclosed route mixing
required_metadataPCR id; CPC; grade; dimensions; form; surface; temper; route shares; stages; intermediates; geography; technology; period; allocation; packaging
required_quality_disclosuredata coverage; calibration; balance; upstream selection; missing UUIDs; gaps; allocation; recycling; representativeness
update_triggerChange in grade, width, coating/further working, route, technology, energy, allocation, upstream data or period

11. Data Sources

Source idTypeReferenceUsed for
un-cpc-v3-41221official_guidanceUNSD, CPC Version 3.0 structure, code 41221, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv (retrieved 2026-09-03)classification identity and boundary
china-mof-2024-tariff-7209official_guidanceMinistry of Finance of China, 2024 tariff schedule, heading 72.09, https://gss.mof.gov.cn/gzdt/zhengcefabu/202312/P020231221537512029907.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-03)Chinese terminology and uncoated boundary
worldsteel-2017-lci-methodologymethod_factorWorld Steel Association, Life Cycle Inventory Methodology Report, 2017, https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Life-cycle-inventory-methodology-report.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-03)routes, process chain, boundary and allocation
worldsteel-2021-lci-studydatasetWorld Steel Association, Life Cycle Inventory Study: 2020 Data Release, May 2021, https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Life-Cycle-Inventory-study-report-2020-data-release.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-03)boundary, route coverage, collection and quality
worldsteel-2023-cold-rolled-coil-globaldatasetWorld Steel Association, Global Cold Rolled Coil LCA Eco-profile, June 2023, https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Cold-rolled-coil-Global-Other.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-03)product state, declared unit, routes and allocation
ec-jrc-2022-fmp-brefofficial_guidanceEuropean Commission JRC, Ferrous Metals Processing Industry BREF, 2022, https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/ferrous-metals-processing-industry (retrieved 2026-09-03)hot-strip steps and cold-rolling sequence

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System boundary rules · 4
Rule IDApplies toRuleSource IDs
system_boundary_rule_1foreground_system_boundaryThe required result is cradle-to-gate. Purchased materials, energy and steel intermediates require compatible upstream datasets. Foreground begins at the first reporting-organization-controlled process and ends with dispatch-ready qualifying product.
boundary_cradle_to_gatereference datasetInclude upstream production and all controlled steelmaking, casting, hot-strip, pickling, cold reduction, applicable annealing and finishing, utilities, abatement, internal transport and waste management through the gate.worldsteel-2021-lci-study, worldsteel-2017-lci-methodology, ec-jrc-2022-fmp-bref
boundary_purchased_intermediatepurchased slab or hot-rolled coilRecord the purchased intermediate once with a compatible cradle-to-gate upstream dataset; do not duplicate supplier stages.worldsteel-2021-lci-study, worldsteel-2017-lci-methodology
boundary_product_exclusionsproduct identityExclude coating, plating, cladding, downstream fabrication, use and embedded end-of-life credits.un-cpc-v3-41221, china-mof-2024-tariff-7209, worldsteel-2023-cold-rolled-coil-global
Allocation rules · 4
Rule IDApplies toRuleSource IDs
allocation_subdivision_firstforeground burdensUse direct metering, process subdivision and internal-transfer tracing before allocation.worldsteel-2017-lci-methodology
allocation_internal_scrapinternal scrapTreat internal returns as transfers, not external input, final waste or recycling credit.worldsteel-2023-cold-rolled-coil-global
allocation_co_productsexported co-productsUse system expansion only with a defensible substitute and displacement ratio; disclose assumptions and sensitivity.worldsteel-2023-cold-rolled-coil-global, worldsteel-2017-lci-methodology
allocation_end_of_liferecyclingReport end-of-life recycling separately and prevent double counting.worldsteel-2021-lci-study, worldsteel-2023-cold-rolled-coil-global
Validation rules · 6
Rule IDApplies toRuleSource IDs
validation_identityreference productFail for alloy steel, width < 600 mm, coating, further working beyond cold rolling, or missing qualifiers.un-cpc-v3-41221, china-mof-2024-tariff-7209
validation_reference_amountreference flowRequire one cold_rolled_product output normalized to 1,000 kg.worldsteel-2023-cold-rolled-coil-global
validation_route_boundaryboundaryRequire a complete cradle-to-gate chain without duplicated stages.worldsteel-2021-lci-study, worldsteel-2017-lci-methodology
validation_process_sequencecold rollingRequire pickling and cold reduction plus applicable/not-applicable finishing declarations.ec-jrc-2022-fmp-bref
validation_inventory_atomicityinventoryRequire one exchange, direction, flow type, amount rule, unit, basis, evidence and protocol per row.
validation_allocationco-productsRequire documented system expansion and separate end-of-life reporting.worldsteel-2017-lci-methodology, worldsteel-2023-cold-rolled-coil-global
Processes and inputs/outputs · 3
Process IDProcess nameInput flowsOutput flows
steelmaking_and_castingIronmaking, steelmaking, refining and casting31
hot_strip_productionSlab reheating and hot-strip production11
cold_rolling_and_finishingPickling, cold reduction and applicable finishing21

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