Vegetable-oil margarine manufacture

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers gate-to-gate manufacture of a full-fat, plant-only water-in-oil margarine from purchased food-grade refined soya bean oil and whole refined palm oil, potable water and non-hydrogenated soya lecithin, with optional dry salt. The defined representative fat-content band is 80–90% by wet product mass. It is a deliberately bounded product definition, supported by the historical margarine distinction in codex-fat-spreads-2009, not a statement of current food-law compliance. No fixed oil ratio, shelf life, processing temperature, holding time or nutritional benefit is prescribed. Actual recipes and acceptance evidence govern the dataset.

The route comprises phase preparation, emulsification, site-declared thermal conditioning, scraped-surface cooling/crystallization, mechanical working, tub filling and factory storage. Internally approved remelting is conditional. Historical route details in spx-margarine-2012 are used qualitatively and checked against the current equipment catalogue spx-margarine-current; they do not establish mandatory equipment for every factory.

Excluded are lower-fat spreads, dairy/animal/marine-fat blends, pure butter, mayonnaise, anhydrous shortenings, puff-pastry blocks, other oil recipes, on-site hydrogenation/interesterification/fractionation, crop cultivation, oil extraction/refining, ingredient and packaging manufacture, external transport, retail, consumption and packaging end-of-life. Agricultural and refinery burdens belong in separate upstream links. The CPC 21700 heading has no substantive explanatory note in unsd-cpc-2025; this PCR therefore covers only a narrower representative subset.

The selected recipe is a foreground modelling target conditional on matching real factory records; no current factory observation of this minimal recipe is asserted. The current manufacturer original landolakes-margarine lists palm-kernel oil, buttermilk and other additives, demonstrating that commercial margarine cannot automatically match this bounded recipe; that product and its stick package remain outside scope.

This product methodology is not restricted to CN. Its geographic applicability follows matching product and production-route records; the CN condition constrains only the selected electricity identity and supplier link, which must be replaced for other supply conditions.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.meat-fish-fruits-vegetables-oils-and-fats.vegetable-oil-margarine
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 21700; narrower context only, no accepted mapping asserted
covered_products	Plant-only soya/palm margarine; wet fat content 80–90%; lecithin emulsifier; salted or unsalted
excluded_products	Low-fat and milk-fat spreads; chemically modified feed oils; anhydrous cooking fats; other recipes and packages
representative_product	Vegetable-oil margarine, soya and palm oil emulsion
production_route	Purchased refined oils → phase preparation → emulsion/thermal conditioning → scraped-surface crystallization/working → tub filling; conditional internal remelting; purchased natural-gas heat and 1–35 kV grid supply where used
market_state	Accepted closed unprinted PP tub with separate PP lid; net wet food mass; factory-gate storage condition declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Supply of a declared plastic vegetable-oil margarine for use as a spread
How much	1 kg net accepted wet margarine, excluding packaging
How well	Declared recipe, oil grades, 80–90% measured wet fat, texture and acceptance specification; retain actual release evidence without implying safety approval
How long or cycle	One representative production reporting period ending at factory-gate acceptance; no consumer-life equivalence claimed
reference_flow_link	reference_product_margarine

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Vegetable-oil margarine, soya and palm oil emulsion
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	oil species and refined/unmodified grade; recipe and wet fat/water/salt content; lecithin grade; plant-only status; texture/acceptance specification; thermal treatment and actual equipment; site/year; water source; refrigerant; heat supplier/fuel; electrical supply country, supplier, voltage and user/generation-side boundary; packaging components; storage; boundary/allocation; unresolved/proxy identities

All required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata or linked product specifications. Net wet mass includes incorporated water; packaging, waste and internal rework are excluded from accepted output.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Weigh accepted net wet food on calibrated scales using cp_output; all inventory denominators are per 1 kg reference flow. Never use gross tub mass or dry-fat mass.
energy_conversion	electricity and purchased heat	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	kWh; MJ	Preserve the published reference property. Energy unit conversion uses 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ; meter useful delivered heat separately. Heat quantity is not a steam mass or water volume.
solution_basis	naoh30	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Delivered 30% NaOH solution mass is the exchange. Record measured concentration c as mass fraction; active NaOH mass = delivered solution mass × c; do not add active mass as a second product input.
water_basis	ingredient and cleaning water; groundwater; effluent	Mass or Volume as declared per row	kg; m3	Volume-to-mass conversion requires measured density in kg/m3 at recorded temperature, not a universal assumed density. Retain m3 for resource abstraction and external effluent.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Food-grade refined whole oils, potable water, lecithin and packaging components received at factory gate with stocks and supplier stages declared
starting_condition_role	Purchased upstream products; gate-to-gate food manufacture
product_classification_scope	A specific plant-only emulsified margarine subset of CPC21700
recursive_input_rule	Purchased margarine used as rework requires its own upstream dataset; internal same-period recirculation is recorded without a second external input/output
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link separate representative refined-oil, ingredient, potable-water, electricity, heat and finished-packaging datasets; include actual refining/agricultural stages there. Identity UUIDs do not establish those datasets or full cradle-to-gate coverage.
disclosure	Declare included tanks, lines, cleaning, storage and utility meter limits; external treatment destination; added upstream/downstream stages; unmeasured flows and proxies

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
sb_factory	manufacturing boundary	Include receipt/storage, all selected-route manufacture, net filling losses, factory storage, cleaning and allocated utilities. Crop cultivation and oil refining are upstream; no complete cradle-to-gate claim follows from factory totals.	spx-margarine-2012
sb_route	equipment and treatment	Record actual thermal treatment, SSHE/working arrangement and refrigeration chemistry. Ammonia refrigeration is conditional, not universally required. No historic temperature/time or savings claim becomes a default.	spx-margarine-current
sb_transfer	waste and utilities	Selected route purchases heat and sends effluent off-site. Connect documented external treatment separately if assessed. On-site boilers or wastewater treatment require an explicit extension with atomic fuel, chemical, sludge and verified emissions; do not hide them in a purchased utility.
sb_internal	internal transfers	Track intermediate phases and emulsion transfers, rework, condensate and stocks. Internal transfers carry mass/quality records but cancel in the factory external inventory; include their repeated energy and losses.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
prepare	Ingredient receipt, storage and phase preparation	required	Purchased refined oils, potable water and food-grade ingredients; blend ratio measured	Foreground unit operation	1 kg accepted net margarine
thermal	Emulsification and thermal conditioning	required	Water-in-oil mixing and declared site thermal treatment; no PCR temperature/time prescription	Foreground unit operation	1 kg accepted net margarine
crystal	Scraped-surface cooling and mechanical working	required	Plastic margarine texture from cooling and working; ammonia refrigeration only if declared	Foreground unit operation	1 kg accepted net margarine
pack	Tub filling, closure and factory storage	required	Purchased unprinted polypropylene tub and separate polypropylene lid; no secondary distribution package	Foreground unit operation	1 kg accepted net margarine
cip	Cleaning and attributable utility services	required	Site cleaning, refrigeration service and water supply within declared factory boundary	Foreground unit operation	1 kg accepted net margarine
rework	Internal remelting and return	conditional	Only when hygienically accepted material is actually remelted and returned internally	Foreground unit operation	1 kg accepted net margarine

Intermediate fat phase → emulsion → worked margarine transfers are connected physical streams inside one factory boundary. Record their mass, lot and rework links using cp_recipe, cp_thermal and cp_output; they are not duplicate external inventory exchanges. The listed recipe has no dairy ingredients or other additives. Any actual additional ingredient, label, seal, carton, cleaning chemical or measured release requires its own specific row and evidence before use of a dataset claiming completeness. Absence requires recipe/BOM/service evidence, not an assumed zero.

Process: Ingredient receipt, storage and phase preparation (prepare)

Inputs

Product flows

Soya bean oil, refined (soy_oil)

Food-grade, unmodified refined soya bean oil received as liquid oil. Receipt and stock movements identify supplier and refine-state; oil cultivation, extraction and refining are upstream.

• Selected flow: Soya bean oil, refined a113893c-4722-4285-b86e-fddcc8b54e46
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured attributable exchange per 1 kg reference flow, derived from accepted net wet output and cp_recipe records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe

Palm oil, refined (palm_oil)

Food-grade whole refined palm oil, not palm-kernel oil or isolated stearin; document melting/storage duty. Do not infer blend ratio from a catalogue.

• Selected flow: Palm oil, refined 029b6008-a809-4d77-8612-47451f7c98fa
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured attributable exchange per 1 kg reference flow, derived from accepted net wet output and cp_recipe records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe

Potable water for margarine aqueous phase (ingredient_water)

Purchased water incorporated into the emulsion; potable specification and actual supply treatment must be documented separately from CIP water. Volume records require measured density at recorded temperature.

• Selected flow: Potable water for margarine aqueous phase
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured attributable exchange per 1 kg reference flow, derived from accepted net wet output and cp_recipe records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe

Food-grade sodium chloride, dry salt (salt)

Only for a salted recipe; weigh dry food-grade salt as delivered and record purity. Industrial-feedstock and environmental-resource salt are not food-grade identity substitutes.

• Selected flow: Food-grade sodium chloride, dry salt
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured attributable exchange per 1 kg reference flow, derived from accepted net wet output and cp_recipe records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe

Non-hydrogenated food-grade soya lecithin (lecithin)

Emulsifier for the selected lecithin recipe. Record delivered grade, phospholipid content and any carrier oil; total supplied lecithin ingredient mass is the exchange, not pure phosphatidylcholine mass.

• Selected flow: Non-hydrogenated food-grade soya lecithin
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured attributable exchange per 1 kg reference flow, derived from accepted net wet output and cp_recipe records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe

Alternating current (electricity_prepare)

Meter ingredient receipt, storage and phase preparation including attributable standby/start-up losses. This UUID is applicable only to matching CN (China) user-side 1–35 kV medium-voltage grid-average consumption mix at the factory supply meter. Record supply country, supplier, year and transformer boundary. Other countries, voltages or generation-side supplies require a separately verified identity and matching supplier data; neither this UUID nor its provider is a global default.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 3d76981f-964a-4865-b588-0e067a2a1163
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / kWh
• Amount rule: Measured attributable exchange per 1 kg reference flow, derived from accepted net wet output and cp_utilities records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities

Heat (heat_prepare)

Purchased useful heat from a natural-gas-based district or industrial supply; record delivered heat and supply/return conditions. No on-site boiler is included in this selected utility route. Electric heating is counted in electricity; do not add this heat row when absent.

• Selected flow: Heat 260672cc-62f0-48c3-b09e-22e71519be74
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Measured attributable exchange per 1 kg reference flow, derived from accepted net wet output and cp_utilities records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities

Waste flows

No external exchange of this type is specified for the selected operation; retain an applicability record and add any actual exchange separately.

Elementary flows

No external exchange of this type is specified for the selected operation; retain an applicability record and add any actual exchange separately.

Outputs

Product flows

No external exchange of this type is specified for the selected operation; retain an applicability record and add any actual exchange separately.

Waste flows

No external exchange of this type is specified for the selected operation; retain an applicability record and add any actual exchange separately.

Elementary flows

No external exchange of this type is specified for the selected operation; retain an applicability record and add any actual exchange separately.

Process: Emulsification and thermal conditioning (thermal)

Inputs

Product flows

Alternating current (electricity_thermal)

Meter emulsification and thermal conditioning including attributable standby/start-up losses. This UUID is applicable only to matching CN (China) user-side 1–35 kV medium-voltage grid-average consumption mix at the factory supply meter. Record supply country, supplier, year and transformer boundary. Other countries, voltages or generation-side supplies require a separately verified identity and matching supplier data; neither this UUID nor its provider is a global default.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 3d76981f-964a-4865-b588-0e067a2a1163
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / kWh
• Amount rule: Measured attributable exchange per 1 kg reference flow, derived from accepted net wet output and cp_utilities records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities

Heat (heat_thermal)

Purchased useful heat from a natural-gas-based district or industrial supply; record delivered heat and supply/return conditions. No on-site boiler is included in this selected utility route. Electric heating is counted in electricity; do not add this heat row when absent.

• Selected flow: Heat 260672cc-62f0-48c3-b09e-22e71519be74
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Measured attributable exchange per 1 kg reference flow, derived from accepted net wet output and cp_utilities records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities

Waste flows

No external exchange of this type is specified for the selected operation; retain an applicability record and add any actual exchange separately.

Elementary flows

No external exchange of this type is specified for the selected operation; retain an applicability record and add any actual exchange separately.

Outputs

Product flows

No external exchange of this type is specified for the selected operation; retain an applicability record and add any actual exchange separately.

Waste flows

No external exchange of this type is specified for the selected operation; retain an applicability record and add any actual exchange separately.

Elementary flows

No external exchange of this type is specified for the selected operation; retain an applicability record and add any actual exchange separately.

Process: Scraped-surface cooling and mechanical working (crystal)

Inputs

Product flows

Alternating current (electricity_crystal)

Meter scraped-surface cooling and mechanical working including attributable standby/start-up losses. This UUID is applicable only to matching CN (China) user-side 1–35 kV medium-voltage grid-average consumption mix at the factory supply meter. Record supply country, supplier, year and transformer boundary. Other countries, voltages or generation-side supplies require a separately verified identity and matching supplier data; neither this UUID nor its provider is a global default.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 3d76981f-964a-4865-b588-0e067a2a1163
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / kWh
• Amount rule: Measured attributable exchange per 1 kg reference flow, derived from accepted net wet output and cp_utilities records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities

Ammonia, anhydrous (ammonia_makeup)

Only for an anhydrous-ammonia refrigeration circuit. Record fresh charge/make-up attributable to the period, supplier purity, opening/closing charge and recovered transfers. Recirculating charge is not repeatedly purchased.

• Selected flow: Ammonia, anhydrous a0e3299b-9484-4ec3-89d3-cd1e2d6c2225
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured attributable exchange per 1 kg reference flow, derived from accepted net wet output and cp_refrigerant records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant

Waste flows

No external exchange of this type is specified for the selected operation; retain an applicability record and add any actual exchange separately.

Elementary flows

No external exchange of this type is specified for the selected operation; retain an applicability record and add any actual exchange separately.

Outputs

Product flows

No external exchange of this type is specified for the selected operation; retain an applicability record and add any actual exchange separately.

Waste flows

No external exchange of this type is specified for the selected operation; retain an applicability record and add any actual exchange separately.

Elementary flows

ammonia (ammonia_air)

Conditional actual short-term NH3 loss to outdoor air with unspecified subcompartment. Use charge balance after recovered transfers; do not equate all make-up with leakage. If urban/rural release location is known, replace the unspecified-air identity with a directly verified matching flow. No fixed leak rate is prescribed.

• Selected flow: ammonia 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-a2a9-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured attributable exchange per 1 kg reference flow, derived from accepted net wet output and cp_refrigerant records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant

Process: Tub filling, closure and factory storage (pack)

Inputs

Product flows

Alternating current (electricity_pack)

Meter tub filling, closure and factory storage including attributable standby/start-up losses. This UUID is applicable only to matching CN (China) user-side 1–35 kV medium-voltage grid-average consumption mix at the factory supply meter. Record supply country, supplier, year and transformer boundary. Other countries, voltages or generation-side supplies require a separately verified identity and matching supplier data; neither this UUID nor its provider is a global default.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 3d76981f-964a-4865-b588-0e067a2a1163
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / kWh
• Amount rule: Measured attributable exchange per 1 kg reference flow, derived from accepted net wet output and cp_utilities records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities

New food-contact polypropylene tub (pp_tub)

Purchased complete unprinted primary tub, with supplier manufacturing included upstream. Weigh the tub alone; resin production alone does not represent container manufacture.

• Selected flow: New food-contact polypropylene tub
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured attributable exchange per 1 kg reference flow, derived from accepted net wet output and cp_pack records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_pack

New food-contact polypropylene lid (pp_lid)

Purchased separate unprinted closure matching the tub. Record component mass and issue count independently of the tub and net food mass. No foil seal, label or carton is assumed for this deliberately limited configuration.

• Selected flow: New food-contact polypropylene lid
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured attributable exchange per 1 kg reference flow, derived from accepted net wet output and cp_pack records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_pack

Waste flows

No external exchange of this type is specified for the selected operation; retain an applicability record and add any actual exchange separately.

Elementary flows

No external exchange of this type is specified for the selected operation; retain an applicability record and add any actual exchange separately.

Outputs

Product flows

Vegetable-oil margarine, soya and palm oil emulsion (reference_product_margarine)

Accepted finished water-in-oil margarine in closed tubs at the factory gate. Count net edible content only; packaging is accounted separately. Fat content, recipe identity, texture specification and acceptance records must match the period.

• Selected flow: Vegetable-oil margarine, soya and palm oil emulsion
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output

Waste flows

Rejected vegetable-oil margarine emulsion for external treatment (rejected_emulsion)

Only unrecovered, de-packaged margarine leaving the factory for treatment. Weigh wet emulsion with oil/water composition; internally remelted material is not this waste.

• Selected flow: Rejected vegetable-oil margarine emulsion for external treatment
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured attributable exchange per 1 kg reference flow, derived from accepted net wet output and cp_waste records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste

Elementary flows

No external exchange of this type is specified for the selected operation; retain an applicability record and add any actual exchange separately.

Process: Cleaning and attributable utility services (cip)

Inputs

Product flows

Alternating current (electricity_cip)

Meter cleaning and attributable utility services including attributable standby/start-up losses. This UUID is applicable only to matching CN (China) user-side 1–35 kV medium-voltage grid-average consumption mix at the factory supply meter. Record supply country, supplier, year and transformer boundary. Other countries, voltages or generation-side supplies require a separately verified identity and matching supplier data; neither this UUID nor its provider is a global default.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 3d76981f-964a-4865-b588-0e067a2a1163
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / kWh
• Amount rule: Measured attributable exchange per 1 kg reference flow, derived from accepted net wet output and cp_utilities records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities

Heat (heat_cip)

Purchased useful heat from a natural-gas-based district or industrial supply; record delivered heat and supply/return conditions. No on-site boiler is included in this selected utility route. Electric heating is counted in electricity; do not add this heat row when absent.

• Selected flow: Heat 260672cc-62f0-48c3-b09e-22e71519be74
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Measured attributable exchange per 1 kg reference flow, derived from accepted net wet output and cp_utilities records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities

Process Water (cleaning_water)

Purchased treated process water for cleaning and service use, excluding ingredient water. Meter external supply only. Water treated internally from an owned well is represented by abstraction and treatment burdens, not an additional external water purchase.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured attributable exchange per 1 kg reference flow, derived from accepted net wet output and cp_water records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_water

Sodium hydroxide（30%） (naoh30)

Only when fresh 30% by mass aqueous NaOH is purchased for CIP. Record as-delivered solution mass and concentration; working dilution and reused CIP tank contents are internal. Different delivered concentration requires a matching identity, not relabelling this one.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide（30%） 47926319-2558-4b19-bbab-0ff264fca360
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured attributable exchange per 1 kg reference flow, derived from accepted net wet output and cp_cleaning records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning

Waste flows

No external exchange of this type is specified for the selected operation; retain an applicability record and add any actual exchange separately.

Elementary flows

ground water (groundwater)

Conditional direct groundwater abstraction for cleaning/service supply; meter well extraction in m3, identify aquifer and basin, and record treatment electricity in CIP utilities. No abstraction row for purchased water. This flow is a water resource, never effluent.

• Selected flow: ground water 4f462198-40cd-4184-8733-86648a20dc3f
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Measured attributable exchange per 1 kg reference flow, derived from accepted net wet output and cp_water records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_water

Outputs

Product flows

No external exchange of this type is specified for the selected operation; retain an applicability record and add any actual exchange separately.

Waste flows

Margarine CIP wastewater for external treatment (cip_effluent)

Spent aqueous cleaning liquor and rinses crossing the factory boundary as one characterized liquid stream for external wastewater treatment. Record volume, density, pH, oil, COD and destination; this is not an elementary water emission and COD is a quality parameter, not a chemical exchange.

• Selected flow: Margarine CIP wastewater for external treatment
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Measured attributable exchange per 1 kg reference flow, derived from accepted net wet output and cp_waste records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste

Elementary flows

No external exchange of this type is specified for the selected operation; retain an applicability record and add any actual exchange separately.

Process: Internal remelting and return (rework)

Inputs

Product flows

Alternating current (electricity_rework)

Meter internal remelting and return including attributable standby/start-up losses. This UUID is applicable only to matching CN (China) user-side 1–35 kV medium-voltage grid-average consumption mix at the factory supply meter. Record supply country, supplier, year and transformer boundary. Other countries, voltages or generation-side supplies require a separately verified identity and matching supplier data; neither this UUID nor its provider is a global default. Record only when remelting occurs.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 3d76981f-964a-4865-b588-0e067a2a1163
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / kWh
• Amount rule: Measured attributable exchange per 1 kg reference flow, derived from accepted net wet output and cp_utilities records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities

Heat (heat_rework)

Purchased useful heat from a natural-gas-based district or industrial supply; record delivered heat and supply/return conditions. Only for actual remelting. No on-site boiler is included in this selected utility route. Electric heating is counted in electricity; do not add this heat row when absent.

• Selected flow: Heat 260672cc-62f0-48c3-b09e-22e71519be74
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Measured attributable exchange per 1 kg reference flow, derived from accepted net wet output and cp_utilities records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities

Waste flows

No external exchange of this type is specified for the selected operation; retain an applicability record and add any actual exchange separately.

Elementary flows

No external exchange of this type is specified for the selected operation; retain an applicability record and add any actual exchange separately.

Outputs

Product flows

No external exchange of this type is specified for the selected operation; retain an applicability record and add any actual exchange separately.

Waste flows

No external exchange of this type is specified for the selected operation; retain an applicability record and add any actual exchange separately.

Elementary flows

No external exchange of this type is specified for the selected operation; retain an applicability record and add any actual exchange separately.

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
al_direct	all foreground consumption	First separate line/batch measurements and meter loads directly. Accepted margarine is the only normal saleable output of this recipe; rejected emulsion is waste unless destination and saleable specification establish a real co-product. Do not grant an avoided-product credit to internal rework.
al_shared	shared utilities and cleaning	Use cp_allocation to measure common load and operation shares. Time/load attribution is allowed only when logs and meter trials support the physical relation. Include start-up, standby, remelting and cleaning duty in the period. Do not prescribe mass allocation for all utilities or an unsupported economic split.
al_residual	unresolved multifunctionality	If a real co-product or shared-load relation cannot be separated, retain output quantities, disposition, measured drivers and alternative allocations for scientific review; disclose residual uncertainty instead of selecting an arbitrary fraction.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_recipe	prepare	Each ingredient and internal phase transfer	Measured records	lot; supplier; recipe; wet mass; stocks; grade; fat/water/salt; density; temperature; rework links	Calibrated tank load cells or mass meters; supplier specifications and batch issue reconciled to receipt/stocks	kg	Each receipt and batch	One representative full reporting period covering production, changeovers, cleaning and service events; disclose dates and gaps	Named factory and lines only	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration, original logs, supplier specs, reconciliations and uncertainty retained ; aggregation detail: Net external ingredient consumption / accepted net margarine kg; internal transfers retained separately
cp_thermal	thermal	Process configuration and quality state	Measured records	lot; emulsion transfer mass; thermal steps; temperatures; holding records; cooling/working arrangement; test/acceptance status	Record actual line recipe and calibrated instrument traces; no externally assumed safe temperature or time	kg; °C; s	Each batch and change	One representative full reporting period covering production, changeovers, cleaning and service events; disclose dates and gaps	Named factory and lines only	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration, original logs, supplier specs, reconciliations and uncertainty retained ; aggregation detail: Link actual operation/quality records to output lots; quality readings are not inventory quantities
cp_output	pack	Accepted net product	Measured records	lot; accepted net margarine kg; gross/tare weights; fat/water content; closure; rejected mass; stocks	Calibrated net-content weighing or gross less measured component tare; reconcile batch acceptance and stock changes	kg	Each batch	One representative full reporting period covering production, changeovers, cleaning and service events; disclose dates and gaps	Named factory and lines only	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration, original logs, supplier specs, reconciliations and uncertainty retained ; aggregation detail: Sum accepted net wet margarine kg; exclude packaging, rejects and internal rework; basis per 1 kg reference flow
cp_utilities	prepare; thermal; crystal; pack; cip; rework	Each electricity and heat row	Measured records	meter id; readings; unit; operation; electricity supply country/supplier; voltage; user/generation-side and transformer boundary; heat supplier/fuel; supply/return state; operating/standby time; driver	Calibrated submeter intervals and utility invoices reconciled with cp_allocation; record start-up/storage/CIP/rework load	kWh; MJ	Continuous meters with batch/shift reconciliation	One representative full reporting period covering production, changeovers, cleaning and service events; disclose dates and gaps	Named factory and lines only	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration, original logs, supplier specs, reconciliations and uncertainty retained ; aggregation detail: Attributable measured energy / accepted net margarine kg; each carrier independently
cp_pack	pack	Tub and lid independently	Measured records	component id; polymer; new/recycled state; mass; count; issues; rejects; stocks; supplier manufacturing	Weigh representative individual components on calibrated scales; reconcile issue counts and stock; supplier bill of materials	kg	Each delivery/configuration and batch	One representative full reporting period covering production, changeovers, cleaning and service events; disclose dates and gaps	Named factory and lines only	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration, original logs, supplier specs, reconciliations and uncertainty retained ; aggregation detail: Separate total issued component kg / accepted net margarine kg; never normalize by gross package mass
cp_water	cip	Purchased process water and direct well abstraction separately	Measured records	source; meter; m3 or kg; density; temperature; treatment; purchased/internal state; returns; basin	Calibrated water meters and measured density where required; well/purchase boundaries reconciled	kg; m3	Each shift and cleaning event	One representative full reporting period covering production, changeovers, cleaning and service events; disclose dates and gaps	Named factory and lines only	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration, original logs, supplier specs, reconciliations and uncertainty retained ; aggregation detail: Each external supply or resource quantity / accepted net margarine kg; exclude duplicate internal distribution
cp_cleaning	cip	Fresh NaOH solution	Measured records	product id; solution kg; concentration; CIP cycle; tank opening/closing; purge; reused volume	Weigh fresh solution issue and verify concentration certificate or analysis; document dilution/recirculation	kg	Each cleaning event	One representative full reporting period covering production, changeovers, cleaning and service events; disclose dates and gaps	Named factory and lines only	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration, original logs, supplier specs, reconciliations and uncertainty retained ; aggregation detail: Fresh external solution kg / accepted net margarine kg; do not count recirculated tank solution again
cp_refrigerant	crystal	NH3 charge and actual loss	Measured records	chemical; purity; opening/closing charge; make-up; recovery; transfers; event; medium/submedium; product share	Weighed charge/service records and leak events; reconcile system balance with uncertainty and shared-service allocation	kg	Each service event and period balance	One representative full reporting period covering production, changeovers, cleaning and service events; disclose dates and gaps	Named factory and lines only	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration, original logs, supplier specs, reconciliations and uncertainty retained ; aggregation detail: Separately normalize attributable purchased NH3 and actual outdoor-air loss / accepted net margarine kg
cp_waste	pack; cip	Rejected emulsion and external CIP effluent separately	Measured records	stream; wet mass/volume; density; composition; COD; oil; pH; destination; internal recovery; manifest	Calibrated weighing and effluent flowmeters; representative samples; destination transfer evidence	kg; m3	Each batch disposal and cleaning discharge	One representative full reporting period covering production, changeovers, cleaning and service events; disclose dates and gaps	Named factory and lines only	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration, original logs, supplier specs, reconciliations and uncertainty retained ; aggregation detail: Each exported waste quantity / accepted net margarine kg; no internal rework or duplicate elementary discharge
cp_allocation	prepare; thermal; crystal; pack; cip; rework	Shared utilities/cleaning attribution	Measured records	total load; submeter load; operating time; measured driver; product lots; fractions; residual; trials	Compare driver shares against actual meter trials; retain all product shares and uncertainties; prefer direct measurement	kWh; MJ; kg; m3	Each shared cycle and reporting period	One representative full reporting period covering production, changeovers, cleaning and service events; disclose dates and gaps	Named factory and lines only	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration, original logs, supplier specs, reconciliations and uncertainty retained ; aggregation detail: Attributed load must sum to measured total; each row normalized per 1 kg reference flow

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalization	all inventory rows	For each non-reference row, divide its attributable external measured amount in its declared numerator unit by total accepted net wet margarine kg from cp_output. The reference-product row is exactly 1 kg; its source total is not divided by itself as another input.	cp_output; relevant row protocol	Row quantity per 1 kg reference flow
mass_conversion	ingredient_water; cleaning_water; pp_tub; pp_lid	Water mass kg = measured m3 × measured density kg/m3; each component mass kg = issued count × measured mean component net kg. Retain sampling dispersion and temperature.	cp_recipe; cp_water; cp_pack	Measured mass before normalization
refrigerant_balance	ammonia_air	Actual loss = opening charge + fresh additions + documented incoming transfers − closing charge − recovered outgoing transfers, with reconciliation of all system movements. Negative residual or uncertain recovery requires review, not a forced zero. Normalize only the share attributable to margarine.	cp_refrigerant; cp_allocation; cp_output	kg NH3 to declared air subcompartment per 1 kg reference flow
product_balance	recipe and output period	Reconcile external ingredient wet masses and opening stock against accepted net output, closing stock, externally removed emulsion, effluent entrainment and measured other losses. Internal remelting cancels as mass transfer but retains energy. Do not assume fat inputs equal total wet output or impose a universal yield.	cp_recipe; cp_output; cp_waste	Documented wet mass and fat/water balance residuals

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_recipe	product and feeds	Supplier food-grade/unmodified-oil identity, lecithin composition and measured wet fat/water/salt match accepted recipe; record actual product specification and test status. PCR interpretation is not food safety or health approval.	Supplier certificates; recipe; tests; release records
dq_coverage	whole period and processes	Use one consistent period covering all selected operations, utilities, cleaning, storage and losses. Explain each conditional absence, zero and unmeasured amount; no universal cut-off removes minor ingredients or leaks.	Period logs; BOM; event records; reconciliations
dq_identity	linked flows and datasets	Verify chemical/grade, property/unit, supply geography, electrical voltage and user/generation-side boundary, heat fuel and release compartment. Accept electricity UUID 3d76981f-964a-4865-b588-0e067a2a1163 only for matching CN user-side 1–35 kV grid-average consumption mix; reject its use for other countries, voltages or generation-side supplies and require a newly verified identity with matching supplier data. Neither the UUID nor its provider is a global default. Identity matching does not establish temporal or supplier-dataset representativeness; document supplier datasets and all proxies separately.	Published identity and upstream source records
dq_uncertainty	balances and attribution	Retain instrument accuracy, density/packaging samples, recipe changes and allocations; set site-derived tolerance from uncertainty, not invented PCR yield or energy ranges. Unresolved balance/identity remains explicit.	Calibration; samples; allocation trials; sensitivity records

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
val_scope	product applicability	Require plant-only recipe with the named unmodified oils, lecithin, measured 80–90% wet fat and declared primary packaging. Other formulations/routes require separate applicability review and cannot inherit full coverage.	codex-fat-spreads-2009
val_measure	reference and every row	Reference output name must match the output card; reference quantity is 1 kg net wet food. Check protocol links and normalization denominator, density/count conversions, solution concentration and units; reject gross/dry-fat denominators or energy/volume/mass substitutions.
val_boundary	completeness and balances	All actual ingredients, utilities, cleaning and wastes must be atomic exchanges. Reconcile wet/fat/water balance, common loads, internal rework and net filling. Missing measurements, unknown destinations or unexplained residuals yield incomplete validation, not a passing zero.
val_identity	flow identity and review	Check each selected public flow including its reference property, route and medium/submedium; retain exact localized names. Keep unconfirmed identities unresolved and distinguish performed/skipped checks. Structural checks do not establish scientific, food-grade, safety or methodology approval.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground gate-to-gate margarine manufacture
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	A documented recipe/site/period margarine manufacturing contribution with explicit upstream and external-treatment links for expanded studies
excluded_use	Unqualified full CPC21700 coverage; complete cradle-to-gate without linked stages; food-safety, shelf-life or health approval; comparison across differing fat/function/configuration without review
required_metadata	All reference qualifiers; reference/output name; wet mass; process map; dates; geography; upstream sources; waste destination; allocations; exact identity gaps
required_quality_disclosure	Measured versus absent/unmeasured exchanges; balance residuals; uncertainty; coverage of supplier manufacture; proxies; scientific review status and original source limitations
update_trigger	Changed oil recipe, fat fraction, emulsifier, processing/thermal route, refrigerant, water/heat/power supply, package, site, allocation or upstream identity

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-2025	official_guidance	UNSD, CPC Version 3.0 Explanatory Notes, 30 June 2025, PDF/printed page 94, 21693 and 21700. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf	Classification context; 21700 heading has no substantive explanation; does not establish complete product coverage
codex-fat-spreads-2009	standard	FAO/WHO, Standard for Fat Spreads and Blended Spreads, CODEX STAN 256-2007 amended 2009, page 1 sections 1–3.1. https://www.fao.org/input/download/standards/10742/CXS_256e.pdf	Historical naming distinction and representative subset; retained edition only, not current additive/safety/labelling/analytical compliance or current legal approval
spx-margarine-2012	handbook	SPX, Margarine Production - Technology and Process, issued 07/2012 GB, pages 4–8, phase preparation, emulsion, thermal conditioning, crystallization/working, filling, remelting and CIP. https://www.spxflow.com/assets/pdf/gerstenberg-schroder-margarine-production-gb.pdf	Historical qualitative process decomposition only; no numeric settings, energy savings, universal cleaning interval or obligatory refrigerant adopted
spx-margarine-current	handbook	SPX FLOW / ITT Flow Technologies, Margarine & Shortening Processing Solutions, undated manufacturer catalogue, SSHE, Pin Rotor Machine, Plate Pasteurizer Unit and Hot Water Unit entries. https://www.spxflow.com/product-applications/margarine-shortening/	Contemporary catalogue corroboration of available route equipment, not an independent factory observation or industry factor
landolakes-margarine	handbook	Land O'Lakes, Margarine Sticks, undated official manufacturer listing, Ingredients. https://www.landolakes.com/products/margarine/margarine-sticks/	Current commercial recipe counterevidence; contains palm-kernel oil, buttermilk and additional additives, not proof of this representative recipe/tub configuration