Tunas, skipjack or stripe-bellied bonito, frozen

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers food-grade tunas, skipjack, or stripe-bellied bonito supplied frozen in whole, headed, gutted, dressed, or another declared non-fillet presentation at the freezing or processing facility gate. It supports wild-caught and aquaculture routes only when species, origin, production system, starting condition, presentation, freezing route, and linked upstream datasets are declared.

The foreground boundary begins when accepted fish enters the declared freezing and preparation system. It includes receipt and grading; bleeding, gutting, heading, dressing, and washing when performed; freezing; optional glazing; packing; factory or vessel frozen storage; and dispatch preparation to the declared gate. Harvest or aquaculture production and inbound transport are linked upstream datasets unless their activities are explicitly included in the foreground. Frozen fillets, frozen fish meat whether or not minced, livers and roes, canned or otherwise preserved products, cooked or ready-to-eat products, post-gate distribution, retail, consumer preparation, and end-of-life are excluded.

For at-sea freezing, the foreground starting point and the division between catching and onboard preparation or freezing shall be declared so vessel fuel, ice, refrigeration, and losses are neither omitted nor double counted. Codex CXS 190-1995 is not a product-conformity standard for this non-fillet category; its quick-freezing, glazing-water, and net-content provisions are supplementary only when those practices are explicitly claimed.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.meat-fish-fruits-vegetables-oils-and-fats.tunas-skipjack-or-stripe-bellied-bonito-frozen
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 21215, Tunas, skipjack or stripe-bellied bonito, frozen (exact mapping context)
covered_products	Food-grade frozen tunas, skipjack, or stripe-bellied bonito in a declared whole, headed, gutted, dressed, or other non-fillet presentation
excluded_products	Live, fresh, or chilled fish; frozen fillets; frozen fish meat whether or not minced; fish livers and roes; canned, salted, smoked, cooked, ready-to-eat, or otherwise preserved products
representative_product	Packed frozen tuna, skipjack, or stripe-bellied bonito in a declared non-fillet presentation at the facility gate
production_route	Accepted fish → grading and optional bleeding/gutting/heading/dressing/washing → freezing → optional glazing → packing → frozen storage → declared facility gate
market_state	Frozen, with species, presentation, net fish mass, glazing status, freezing endpoint, storage regime, and gate condition declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provide food-grade frozen tuna, skipjack, or stripe-bellied bonito in the declared non-fillet presentation
How much	1 kg net mass of target frozen fish, excluding glaze, free ice, and packaging
How well	Product meets the declared species, origin, presentation, freezing, cold-chain, net-content, and applicable food-safety specifications
How long or cycle	One production lot through the included preparation, freezing, packing, and declared frozen-storage period to the facility gate
reference_flow_link	rf_frozen_tuna_skipjack_bonito

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg net target product mass
Reference product flow	Tunas, skipjack or stripe-bellied bonito, frozen e51735cd-08ba-4052-bb11-0e5d936b87f2
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	species and scientific or accepted market name; wild-caught or aquaculture origin; catch area or farm origin; upstream fish dataset; whole or dressed presentation and retained parts; at-sea or land-based route; frozen or quick-frozen claim; freezing technology and endpoint; glazing status and glaze mass; storage temperature and duration; processing location; net mass excluding glaze, free ice, and packaging

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_net_mass	Reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Normalize inventory to exactly 1 kg net target frozen fish mass; exclude glaze, free ice, and packaging and declare which fish parts remain in the marketed presentation.
glaze_mass_separation	Glazed product	Mass	kg	Measure gross frozen mass and glaze mass separately by a documented deglazing or equivalent verified method; do not count glaze as target fish mass.
lot_mass_balance	Fish, retained water or ice, co-products, residues, and wastewater solids	Mass	kg	Use calibrated measurements on a consistent wet-mass basis and reconcile accepted inputs with product, co-products, waste, retained material, and stock change for each aggregation period.
energy_conversion	Electricity and fuels	Energy	kWh or MJ	Preserve metered units and documented conversion factors; report electricity in kWh and declare the heating-value basis before converting fuels to MJ.
temperature_record	Freezing and frozen storage	Temperature	°C	Record calibrated product thermal-centre endpoint and storage temperatures. When a quick-frozen claim is made, verify -18 °C or colder at the thermal centre after stabilization; otherwise apply and disclose the applicable frozen-product specification.
packaging_mass	Primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging	Mass	kg	Record packaging by material and normalize issued mass minus documented returns to the net reference product; report packaging scrap separately.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Accepted tuna, skipjack, or stripe-bellied bonito entering the declared preparation and freezing system, with species, origin, production system, preservation state, lot mass, and upstream boundary recorded
starting_condition_role	Upstream product input to the foreground frozen-fish production system
product_classification_scope	Frozen non-fillet tuna, skipjack, or stripe-bellied bonito represented by CPC 3.0 code 21215 as classification context; PCR identity remains classification-independent
recursive_input_rule	If already-frozen fish in this same category enters repacking, glazing, or re-freezing, record it once as a linked upstream product dataset and model only additional foreground operations; do not recursively recreate its upstream freezing system
upstream_dataset_requirement	Species-, origin-, production-system-, and route-specific datasets for harvest or aquaculture and inbound transport are required where available; disclose proxy geography, technology, time, and boundary limitations
disclosure	Declare species, origin, production system, presentation, starting condition, at-sea or land-based route, upstream/foreground division, preparation steps, freezing and glazing technology, storage period, energy supply, refrigerant, co-product handling, allocation, and excluded downstream stages

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_category_scope	Product category	Include only frozen tuna, skipjack, or stripe-bellied bonito in a declared non-fillet presentation; exclude frozen fillets, fish meat, livers, and roes from this PCR.	unsd-cpc-ver-3-0
boundary_foreground_gate	Foreground processing	Include all material and energy flows from the declared accepted-fish starting point through required receipt, applicable preparation, freezing, optional glazing, packing, frozen storage, and dispatch preparation to the declared gate.	codex-cxc-52-2003
boundary_upstream_links	Fish and purchased inputs	Link upstream datasets for harvest or aquaculture, inbound transport, water, ice, energy carriers, packaging, and other purchased inputs; do not omit those burdens from a cradle-to-gate result.	eu-pef-2021-2279
boundary_at_sea_no_double_count	At-sea route	Declare whether catching-vessel operations, onboard ice, preparation, refrigeration, and freezing sit in the upstream fish dataset or foreground; include each activity once.	codex-cxc-52-2003; eu-pef-2021-2279
boundary_cold_chain	Freezing and included storage	Include electricity or fuel, refrigerant losses, water or ice, and product losses associated with freezing and the declared pre-gate frozen-storage period.	codex-cxc-52-2003; codex-cxs-190-1995
boundary_waste_treatment	Residues, wastewater, and packaging waste	Include on-site treatment and link off-site transport and treatment datasets for wastes crossing the boundary; identify beneficially used outputs separately as co-products.	eu-pef-2021-2279
boundary_downstream_exclusion	Downstream stages	Exclude post-gate distribution, retail, thawing, consumer preparation, consumption, and end-of-life unless the study explicitly expands the system and discloses the added stages.	eu-pef-2021-2279

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
receive_prepare	Receipt, grading, and product preparation	required	Receipt and grading are always included; bleeding, gutting, heading, dressing, and washing are included when performed within the declared boundary	Foreground preparation	kg prepared fish entering freezing
freeze_glaze	Freezing and optional glazing	required	Freezing is always included; glazing applies only when used	Foreground preservation	kg net frozen fish leaving freezing, with glaze tracked separately
pack_store	Packing and pre-gate frozen storage	required	Always included through the declared gate and storage period	Foreground packing and cold storage	1 kg net target frozen fish at the declared gate

Process: Receipt, grading, and product preparation (receive_prepare)

Inputs

Product flows

Accepted tuna, skipjack, or stripe-bellied bonito (accepted_fish_input)

Record accepted fish by species, origin, production system, preservation state, presentation, lot, and linked upstream dataset.

• Selected flow: Species- and origin-specific accepted tuna, skipjack, or stripe-bellied bonito (UUID pending exact Tiangong review)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured accepted lot mass entering the foreground preparation system
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net target frozen fish at the declared gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_lot_mass_identity
• Sources: unsd-cpc-ver-3-0; codex-cxc-52-2003
• Range: Provisional accepted-fish input QA range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 3
  • Unit: kg/kg net target frozen fish
  • Basis: accepted fish input per reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Preparation water (preparation_water)

Record potable water or clean seawater supplied for food-contact washing and preparation when it crosses the foreground boundary.

• Selected flow: Food-contact preparation water (UUID pending exact Tiangong review)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: metered supply or documented tank balance assigned to preparation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg prepared fish output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_ice_records
• Sources: codex-cxc-52-2003
• Range: Provisional preparation-water QA range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg/kg prepared fish
  • Basis: preparation water supplied per prepared fish output
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Preparation ice (preparation_ice)

Record food-contact ice used during receipt or preparation when included in this process; do not count ice as fish mass.

• Selected flow: Food-contact ice (UUID pending exact Tiangong review)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured issued ice minus documented recovered unused ice
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted fish input
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_ice_records
• Sources: codex-cxc-52-2003
• Range: Provisional preparation-ice QA range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 2
  • Unit: kg/kg accepted fish
  • Basis: ice supplied per accepted fish input
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Preparation electricity (preparation_electricity)

Record electricity for grading, cutting, washing, conveyors, pumps, and preparation-area refrigeration assigned to this process.

• Selected flow: Electricity, facility supply mix (UUID pending exact Tiangong review)
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: submetered consumption or documented equipment load and operating time
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg prepared fish output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: codex-cxc-52-2003
• Range: Provisional preparation-electricity QA range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 5
  • Unit: kWh/kg prepared fish
  • Basis: preparation electricity per prepared fish output
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

No waste input is prescribed for this process.

Elementary flows

No elementary input is prescribed; water, ice, and electricity are product inputs.

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared fish entering freezing (prepared_fish_output)

Measure the declared whole or dressed fish presentation transferred to freezing after any included preparation.

• Selected flow: Prepared tuna, skipjack, or stripe-bellied bonito, not yet frozen (UUID pending exact Tiangong review)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured wet mass transferred to freezing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted fish input
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_lot_mass_identity
• Sources: codex-cxc-52-2003
• Range: Provisional prepared-product yield QA range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.3
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg accepted fish
  • Basis: prepared fish wet mass per accepted fish input
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Marketable fish co-products (fish_coproducts)

Record separately measured edible or marketable parts leaving the process as products rather than waste, with destination and function declared.

• Selected flow: Fish co-product by declared presentation and use (UUID pending exact Tiangong review)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured co-product wet mass by destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted fish input
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_lot_mass_identity
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279
• Range: Provisional co-product mass QA range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.7
  • Unit: kg/kg accepted fish
  • Basis: marketable co-product wet mass per accepted fish input
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Fish residues and rejected material (fish_residues)

Record viscera, heads, damaged material, rejects, and other fish residues as waste only when they do not leave as co-products.

• Selected flow: Fish processing residue or waste by destination (UUID pending exact Tiangong review)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured residue and reject wet mass leaving preparation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted fish input
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_lot_mass_identity
• Sources: codex-cxc-52-2003
• Range: Provisional fish-residue QA range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.7
  • Unit: kg/kg accepted fish
  • Basis: residue and reject wet mass per accepted fish input
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Preparation wastewater (preparation_wastewater)

Record wastewater leaving receipt and preparation, with separately measured solids kept distinct from fish residues.

• Selected flow: Fish-processing wastewater (UUID pending exact Tiangong review)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured discharge volume converted using measured or documented density
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg prepared fish output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_records
• Sources: codex-cxc-52-2003
• Range: Provisional preparation-wastewater QA range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg/kg prepared fish
  • Basis: wastewater discharged per prepared fish output
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

No default elementary output is prescribed; report measured direct releases separately when present.

Process: Freezing and optional glazing (freeze_glaze)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared fish transferred to freezing (prepared_fish_input)

Carry forward the measured prepared fish from receive_prepare without duplicating its upstream burden.

• Selected flow: Prepared tuna, skipjack, or stripe-bellied bonito, not yet frozen (UUID pending exact Tiangong review)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: equals measured prepared_fish_output transferred to freezing
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net target frozen fish at the declared gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_lot_mass_identity
• Sources: codex-cxc-52-2003
• Range: Provisional prepared-fish input QA range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1.5
  • Unit: kg/kg net target frozen fish
  • Basis: prepared fish input per reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Freezing electricity (freezing_electricity)

Record electricity for freezers, pumps, fans, conveyors, defrosting, and refrigeration assigned to the freezing process.

• Selected flow: Electricity, facility or vessel supply mix (UUID pending exact Tiangong review)
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: submetered consumption or documented equipment load and operating time
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net target frozen fish at the declared gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: codex-cxc-52-2003; codex-cxs-190-1995
• Range: Provisional freezing-electricity QA range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.01
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: kWh/kg net target frozen fish
  • Basis: freezing electricity per reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Glazing water (glazing_water)

When glazing is used, record potable water or clean seawater applied and retain measured glaze separately from net fish mass.

• Selected flow: Food-contact glazing water (UUID pending exact Tiangong review)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured glazing-water supply, with retained glaze and rejected water separately reconciled
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net target frozen fish at the declared gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_ice_records
• Sources: codex-cxs-190-1995
• Range: Provisional retained-glaze QA range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.5
  • Unit: kg/kg net target frozen fish
  • Basis: retained glaze per reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

No waste input is prescribed for this process.

Elementary flows

No elementary input is prescribed; energy carriers and water are product inputs.

Outputs

Product flows

Frozen fish transferred to packing (frozen_fish_intermediate)

Measure frozen fish leaving the freezer and track glaze separately so the intermediate can be reconciled to net fish mass.

• Selected flow: Frozen tuna, skipjack, or stripe-bellied bonito intermediate (UUID pending exact Tiangong review)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured gross frozen mass minus separately measured glaze where present
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg prepared fish entering freezing
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_lot_mass_identity
• Sources: codex-cxc-52-2003; codex-cxs-190-1995
• Range: Provisional freezing yield QA range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.8
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg net frozen fish/kg prepared fish
  • Basis: net frozen fish output per prepared fish input
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Freezing rejects and product loss (freezing_loss)

Record rejected or lost fish, drip, and other separately recoverable material from freezing by destination.

• Selected flow: Freezing reject or fish-product loss by destination (UUID pending exact Tiangong review)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured rejected and lost wet mass leaving freezing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg prepared fish entering freezing
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_lot_mass_identity
• Sources: codex-cxc-52-2003
• Range: Provisional freezing-loss QA range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.2
  • Unit: kg/kg prepared fish
  • Basis: freezing rejects and loss per prepared fish input
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Refrigerant released during freezing (freezing_refrigerant_loss)

Calculate chemical-specific refrigerant loss from equipment serving the freezing process.

• Selected flow: Refrigerant substance, chemical-specific emission to air (UUID pending exact Tiangong review)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: opening charge plus additions minus recovered, transferred, and closing charge, allocated to freezing
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net target frozen fish at the declared gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_records
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279
• Range: Provisional freezing-refrigerant-loss QA range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.1
  • Unit: kg/kg net target frozen fish
  • Basis: chemical-specific refrigerant loss per reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Packing and pre-gate frozen storage (pack_store)

Inputs

Product flows

Frozen fish transferred to packing (frozen_fish_input)

Carry forward the measured frozen fish intermediate without duplicating preparation or freezing burdens.

• Selected flow: Frozen tuna, skipjack, or stripe-bellied bonito intermediate (UUID pending exact Tiangong review)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: equals measured frozen_fish_intermediate transferred to packing
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net target frozen fish at the declared gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_lot_mass_identity
• Sources: codex-cxc-52-2003
• Range: Provisional frozen-fish transfer QA range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1.2
  • Unit: kg/kg net target frozen fish
  • Basis: frozen fish transferred to packing per reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Packaging materials (packaging_input)

Record primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging by material, including verified allocation of reusable packaging.

• Selected flow: Packaging material, material-specific (UUID pending exact Tiangong review)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: issued mass minus documented returns, with reusable items divided by verified use cycles
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net target frozen fish at the declared gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279
• Range: Provisional packaging-input QA range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.5
  • Unit: kg/kg net target frozen fish
  • Basis: packaging input per reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Frozen-storage electricity (storage_electricity)

Record electricity for packing, cold rooms, fans, pumps, defrosting, and dispatch preparation during the declared pre-gate storage period.

• Selected flow: Electricity, facility or vessel supply mix (UUID pending exact Tiangong review)
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: submetered consumption or allocated use based on measured storage time, occupied capacity, and equipment operation
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net target frozen fish for the declared storage duration
• Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: codex-cxc-52-2003
• Range: Provisional frozen-storage electricity QA range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: kWh/kg net target frozen fish
  • Basis: electricity for the declared pre-gate storage period per reference flow
  • Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

No waste input is prescribed for this process.

Elementary flows

No elementary input is prescribed; electricity and packaging are product inputs.

Outputs

Product flows

Reference frozen tuna, skipjack, or bonito (reference_product_output)

Report the target product at exactly 1 kg net fish mass, excluding glaze, free ice, and packaging.

• Selected flow: Tunas, skipjack or stripe-bellied bonito, frozen e51735cd-08ba-4052-bb11-0e5d936b87f2
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: exactly 1 kg net target frozen fish mass at the declared gate
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Not applicable (not_applicable)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Sources: unsd-cpc-ver-3-0
• Range: Reference-flow identity range
  • Range role: Allowed range (allowed_range)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: net target frozen fish mass excluding glaze, free ice, and packaging
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: mass-balance-identity

Waste flows

Packing rejects and product loss (packed_product_loss)

Record damaged packs, rejected product, dehydration loss, and other measurable product loss by destination.

• Selected flow: Frozen fish product loss by destination (UUID pending exact Tiangong review)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured rejected product and stock loss during packing and included storage
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net target frozen fish at the declared gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_lot_mass_identity
• Sources: codex-cxc-52-2003
• Range: Provisional packed-product-loss QA range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.5
  • Unit: kg/kg net target frozen fish
  • Basis: packing and storage product loss per reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Packaging waste (packaging_waste)

Record packaging scrap and damaged packaging by material and destination without netting them from purchased inputs.

• Selected flow: Packaging waste, material-specific (UUID pending exact Tiangong review)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured packaging waste leaving packing and storage
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net target frozen fish at the declared gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279
• Range: Provisional packaging-waste QA range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.5
  • Unit: kg/kg net target frozen fish
  • Basis: packaging waste per reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Refrigerant released during frozen storage (storage_refrigerant_loss)

Calculate chemical-specific refrigerant loss from equipment serving packing and included frozen storage.

• Selected flow: Refrigerant substance, chemical-specific emission to air (UUID pending exact Tiangong review)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: opening charge plus additions minus recovered, transferred, and closing charge, allocated to packing and storage
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net target frozen fish for the declared storage duration
• Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_records
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279
• Range: Provisional storage-refrigerant-loss QA range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.1
  • Unit: kg/kg net target frozen fish
  • Basis: chemical-specific refrigerant loss per reference flow and declared storage period
  • Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivision_first	Shared preparation, freezing, packing, vessel, and storage operations	Avoid allocation where possible by submetering and subdividing lots, equipment, vessel activities, and storage periods so inputs and outputs are directly assigned.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_system_expansion	Additional co-product functions	Where subdivision is not possible, evaluate system expansion when the substituted function and datasets can be represented consistently; report the expanded-system result transparently.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_physical_relationship	Unresolved multifunctional processes	If subdivision or system expansion is not practicable, use a documented causal physical relationship. Wet mass at the separation point may be used only when no more relevant physical driver is justified, with sensitivity to another functionally relevant property.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_economic_fallback	Co-products lacking a defensible physical relationship	Use economic allocation only as a fallback; use representative net values at the same market boundary and disclose price source, period, currency, and sensitivity.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_waste_no_credit	Residues, wastewater, packaging waste, and rejected product	Do not allocate product burden to material classified and managed as waste. Include waste-management burdens and disclose any separately modelled avoided-product credit.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_mass_reconciliation	Fish product, co-products, and wastes	Preserve the unallocated wet-mass balance before allocation and report burden-bearing allocation factors that sum to one.	eu-pef-2021-2279

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_lot_mass_identity	receive_prepare; freeze_glaze; pack_store	Fish inputs, intermediates, product, co-products, residues, and losses	Weighing, batch, traceability, and product-specification records	lot_id; species; origin; production_system; presentation; gross_mass; tare_mass; glaze_mass; net_fish_mass; intermediate_mass; co_product_mass; waste_mass; destination	Calibrated scales linked to lot genealogy and transfers	kg	Each lot and transfer	At least 12 consecutive representative months or the full seasonal campaign	Every included facility, vessel, line, and product route	Sum valid masses by lot and process; reconcile transfers and stock change; normalize to accepted net reference product	Calibration certificates; lot traceability; product specification; mass-reconciliation log
cp_water_ice_records	receive_prepare; freeze_glaze	Preparation water, ice, glazing water, and retained glaze	Meter, tank, issue, batch, and quality records	meter_id; opening_reading; closing_reading; issued_mass; returned_mass; water_source; food_contact_quality; glaze_mass; lot_id	Submeter or tank/issue balance linked to the operating period and lot	kg or m3	Daily and each relevant lot	Same representative period as production	Each included water and ice system	Convert volume using measured or documented density; subtract documented non-process use; report retained glaze separately	Meter checks; water-quality evidence; issue and batch records; deglazing or equivalent verification
cp_energy_records	receive_prepare; freeze_glaze; pack_store	Electricity and direct fuels	Meter, invoice, fuel, equipment-runtime, and storage-occupancy records	meter_id; readings; fuel_quantity; unit; heating_value_basis; equipment_power; operating_hours; storage_days; occupied_capacity; allocation_key	Submeter first; otherwise reconcile invoices or fuel records with equipment operation and physical allocation drivers	kWh, MJ, or purchased fuel unit	Monthly plus batch or shift submetering where available	At least 12 consecutive representative months or full seasonal campaign	Each included facility, vessel, freezer, and cold room	Assign direct meters; allocate residual shared use by documented physical drivers; normalize to process output	Calibration; invoices; fuel logs; runtime records; allocation worksheet; energy balance
cp_wastewater_records	receive_prepare	Wastewater and entrained solids	Effluent meter, tank, sampling, and treatment records	discharge_volume; density; solids_mass; treatment_route; sampling_time; process_assignment	Meter or tank balance with representative sampling and treatment-route records	kg or m3	Daily or per discharge event	Same representative period as production	Each included discharge point	Convert volume to mass; retain separately measured solids as distinct flows; normalize to prepared output	Meter checks; laboratory reports; discharge and treatment manifests
cp_refrigerant_records	freeze_glaze; pack_store	Chemical-specific refrigerant loss	Equipment charge, purchase, service, recovery, and transfer records	refrigerant_id; opening_charge; additions; recovered; transferred; closing_charge; equipment_group; service_date	Complete inventory balance by refrigerant and equipment group	kg	Each service event and period close	At least one complete balance covering the production period	Each included freezer and cold-storage equipment group	Loss = opening + additions - recovered - transferred - closing; allocate by equipment service or cooling-load driver	Service invoices; cylinder logs; recovery records; signed inventory balance
cp_packaging_records	pack_store	Packaging input and waste	Purchase, issue, bill-of-material, return, reuse, and scrap records	material_id; material_type; issued_mass; returned_mass; scrap_mass; packs_produced; reuse_cycles	Mass reconciliation by material and product format	kg	Each packaging run, aggregated monthly	Same representative period as production	Each included packing line and format	Net input = issued - returned; report scrap separately; allocate reusable packaging by verified use cycles	Supplier specification; stock reconciliation; reuse evidence; scrap tickets
cp_temperature_food_safety	receive_prepare; freeze_glaze; pack_store	Time-temperature control, freezing endpoint, storage, and scombrotoxin controls	Calibrated probe, logger, hazard-plan, test, and corrective-action records	lot_id; receipt_time; preparation_time; thermal_centre_temperature; storage_temperature; timestamp; excursion_duration; criterion; test_result; corrective_action	Validated product-core measurement and continuous or justified interval logging linked to the food-safety plan	°C, time, and declared test unit	Each lot at critical steps; continuous or justified interval during storage	Entire included production and storage period	Each included facility, vessel, freezer, cold room, and lot	Retain lot minima/maxima, exposure duration, applicable criteria, test results, and disposition; do not average away excursions	Calibration; logger records; hazard analysis; verification tests; corrective-action and lot-disposition records

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	All inventory rows	Normalized amount = valid foreground amount / net target frozen fish mass at the declared gate	Valid flow amount; net_fish_mass excluding glaze, free ice, and packaging	Amount per 1 kg reference flow	mass-balance-identity
calc_net_fish_mass	Glazed or iced products	Net target fish mass = gross frozen product mass - verified glaze mass - free ice - packaging tare	gross_mass; glaze_mass; free_ice_mass; packaging_tare	net_fish_mass	codex-cxs-190-1995; mass-balance-identity
calc_process_mass_balance	Preparation, freezing, and packing	Difference = accepted material inputs + opening stock - product - co-products - waste - discharged material - closing stock; investigate rather than force-balance material differences	Lot and stock masses; retained water or ice; product; co-products; waste; wastewater solids	Reconciled mass balance and unexplained difference	mass-balance-identity
calc_shared_energy	Shared equipment and storage	Assigned energy = measured shared energy × documented physical allocation driver for the product / total driver	meter or fuel quantity; runtime, cooling load, throughput, or occupied-capacity driver	Assigned kWh, MJ, or fuel quantity	eu-pef-2021-2279
calc_refrigerant_loss	Freezing and storage equipment	Refrigerant loss = opening charge + additions - recovered - transferred - closing charge	Chemical-specific equipment inventory	kg refrigerant emitted and allocated to the process	mass-balance-identity
calc_physical_allocation	Joint products	Allocation factor_i = selected causal physical quantity_i / sum of that quantity for all burden-bearing products	Measured quantities at the separation point; selected physical property	Product-specific factors summing to one	eu-pef-2021-2279
calc_economic_allocation	Economic fallback	Allocation factor_i = representative net value_i / sum of net values for burden-bearing co-products at the same boundary	Representative prices; measured co-product quantities	Economic factors summing to one	eu-pef-2021-2279

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity_traceability	Fish inputs and finished lots	Preserve species, accepted market or scientific name, wild-caught or aquaculture system, origin, supplier or vessel, lot links, received state, non-fillet presentation, and product destination.	Supplier or landing records, catch or farm records, lot genealogy, product specification and label
dq_temporal_representativeness	All foreground flows	Cover at least 12 consecutive representative months or the complete seasonal campaign; disclose shutdowns, missing periods, and extrapolation.	Dated meter, batch, invoice, service, and production records
dq_site_route_coverage	Multi-site, multi-vessel, or multi-route datasets	Include every site, vessel, and route represented or report production-weighted coverage and exclusions; do not silently extrapolate one route to another.	Site and vessel list, route records, production totals, coverage calculation
dq_measurement_control	Mass, water, ice, energy, refrigerant, and temperature	Use calibrated or verified instruments, retain raw units and conversions, and document estimation when direct measurement is unavailable.	Calibration, meter checks, conversion worksheet, estimation rationale
dq_mass_completeness	Fish, co-products, residues, glaze, packaging, and stock	Reconcile major inputs, outputs, and stock changes; investigate unexplained differences and preserve product and waste destinations.	Process mass balance, stock reconciliation, waste and sales records
dq_cold_chain	Frozen product	Retain the freezing endpoint, frozen-storage temperature and duration, excursions, actions, and applicable product specification for each included route.	Validated freezing study, probe and logger records, excursion and corrective-action records
dq_food_safety_scombrotoxin	Tuna, skipjack, and bonito lots	Apply a documented food-safety plan for time-temperature abuse and scombrotoxin or histamine risk, using applicable regulatory or customer criteria; retain tests, disposition, and corrective actions without substituting this PCR for food law.	Hazard analysis, monitoring records, laboratory results, lot disposition, corrective actions
dq_upstream_dataset_fit	Fish and purchased inputs	Document geography, technology, time, production system, and boundary for each upstream dataset; disclose proxy limitations and any onboard activity already represented.	Dataset metadata, boundary comparison, and data-quality assessment

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	Reference flow	Require exactly 1 kg net target product linked to flow e51735cd-08ba-4052-bb11-0e5d936b87f2, Mass property 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, mass unit group 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66, and unit kg.	mass-balance-identity
validate_category_scope	Product identity	Require tuna, skipjack, or stripe-bellied bonito in a declared frozen non-fillet presentation; reject records whose product is a fillet, fish meat, liver, roe, fresh or chilled fish, or another preserved form.	unsd-cpc-ver-3-0
validate_required_qualifiers	Dataset metadata	Fail completeness when species, origin, production system, non-fillet presentation, starting condition, route, upstream boundary, freezing endpoint, glazing status, storage regime, processing location, or net-mass basis is missing.	unsd-cpc-ver-3-0; codex-cxc-52-2003
validate_process_coverage	Foreground inventory	Require receipt and grading, every performed preparation step, freezing, applicable glazing, packing, pre-gate frozen storage, energy, water or ice where used, refrigerant, co-product and waste handling, or an explicit justified zero/not-applicable declaration.	codex-cxc-52-2003
validate_cold_chain	Each finished lot	Require the declared freezing endpoint, storage temperature and duration, excursion assessment, and corrective action. If quick-frozen status is claimed, require evidence of -18 °C or colder at the thermal centre after stabilization.	codex-cxc-52-2003; codex-cxs-190-1995
validate_glaze_net_mass	Glazed product	Require separately measured glaze and confirm that reference mass excludes glaze, free ice, and packaging; do not infer whole-product conformity with CXS 190-1995.	codex-cxs-190-1995
validate_mass_balance	Each aggregation period	Require accepted inputs and stock changes to reconcile with net product, co-products, residues, wastewater solids, glaze or retained water, and losses; report unexplained differences and action.	mass-balance-identity
validate_food_safety_controls	Tuna, skipjack, and bonito lots	Require evidence of applicable hygiene, time-temperature, traceability, and scombrotoxin or histamine controls and lot disposition; flag missing or unassessed criteria.	codex-cxc-52-2003
validate_allocation	Multifunctional processes	Require a documented subdivision or system-expansion assessment, justified fallback method, factors summing to one, and sensitivity disclosure where allocation may materially affect results.	eu-pef-2021-2279
validate_temporal_route_coverage	Foreground dataset	Require declared representative period and site, vessel, and route coverage, with exclusions, missing periods, and extrapolation disclosed.	eu-pef-2021-2279
validate_provisional_ranges	Candidate QA ranges	Treat every reasoned_estimate range only as a screening flag; do not substitute it for foreground records, and replace or explicitly review it before publication-critical use.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground production dataset for frozen tuna, skipjack, or stripe-bellied bonito in a declared non-fillet presentation, normalized to 1 kg net product at the declared gate
downstream_use	May serve as a secondary_dataset or background_dataset when species, origin, production system, presentation, route, upstream boundary, geography, technology, storage period, allocation, and data quality fit the study
allowed_use	Cradle-to-gate or downstream product systems requiring a transparent frozen non-fillet tuna, skipjack, or bonito input and preserving declared upstream datasets and qualifiers
excluded_use	Direct representation of fillets, minced or other fish meat, livers, roes, fresh or chilled fish, canned or cooked products, retail or consumer stages, or a different species, origin, presentation, or freezing route without representativeness assessment
required_metadata	PCR id and version; product flow UUID; species; production system; catch area or farm origin; upstream datasets and onboard boundary; presentation; starting condition; freezing technology and endpoint; glazing and net-mass method; processing site or vessel; storage temperature and duration; electricity and fuel supply; refrigerant; co-product destinations; allocation; reference period
required_quality_disclosure	Site, vessel, route, and temporal coverage; mass-balance difference; meter and scale quality; cold-chain and food-safety evidence; upstream proxies; provisional estimates; allocation sensitivity; excluded stages; applicability limits of CXS 190-1995
update_trigger	Material change in species, origin, production system, presentation, onboard boundary, preparation yield, freezing or glazing technology, packaging, energy supply, refrigerant, storage period, co-product market, allocation basis, food-safety requirement, site or vessel coverage, or representative data period

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-ver-3-0	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division. Central Product Classification (CPC), Version 3.0, explanatory notes, subclass 21215. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Category identity and exclusion of frozen fillets, fish meat, livers, and roes
codex-cxc-52-2003	official_guidance	Codex Alimentarius Commission. CXC 52-2003, Code of Practice for Fish and Fishery Products, 2019 edition. https://workspace.fao.org/sites/codex/Standards/CXC%2052-2003/CXC_052e.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Fish processing, hygiene, time-temperature control, traceability, cold-chain, waste, and scombrotoxin-risk data requirements
codex-cxs-190-1995	standard	Codex Alimentarius Commission. CXS 190-1995, Standard for Quick-Frozen Fish Fillets, amended 2024 and redesigned 2026. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/ce0070en (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Supplementary quick-freezing endpoint, glazing-water, deep-frozen handling, and net-content concepts only when explicitly applicable; not product conformity for CPC 21215
eu-pef-2021-2279	official_guidance	European Commission. Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on the use of the Environmental Footprint methods. CELEX 32021H2279. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/oj/eng (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Life-cycle boundary completeness; upstream data; multifunctionality hierarchy; waste and allocation disclosure
mass-balance-identity	method_factor	Conservation-of-mass identity applied to measured foreground inputs, outputs, and stock changes.	Reference normalization, net-mass reconciliation, process mass balance, refrigerant inventory balance, and allocation-factor checks