Cottonseed oil, crude

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers the foreground production of bulk crude cottonseed oil from non-planting cottonseed at an oil mill. The gate-to-gate foreground starts with cottonseed received from a cotton gin and ends with clarified, unrefined cottonseed oil ready for storage, dispatch, or downstream refining. Mechanical screw pressing, prepress-solvent extraction, and direct or expander-assisted solvent extraction are route alternatives; a data package shall declare one actual route and shall not model every route simultaneously.

The scope includes seed receiving and cleaning, residual-lint removal, dehulling, kernel conditioning, flaking and cooking, route-specific pressing or hexane extraction, solvent recovery and meal desolventizing where applicable, crude-oil clarification, on-site heat generation where applicable, and on-site wastewater treatment where applicable. It excludes cotton cultivation, cotton ginning before mill receipt, transport to the mill unless brought into the study scope, chemical or physical refining, bleaching, deodorisation, hydrogenation, packaging, distribution, use, and end of life.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.meat-fish-fruits-vegetables-oils-and-fats.cottonseed-oil-crude
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 21681 — Cottonseed oil, crude
covered_products	Crude cottonseed oil obtained by mechanical pressing, prepress-solvent extraction, or direct/expander-assisted solvent extraction, before refining
excluded_products	Refined cottonseed oil; hydrogenated or otherwise chemically modified cottonseed oil; blended vegetable oil; cottonseed meal, hulls, and linters sold as the reference product
representative_product	Bulk clarified crude cottonseed oil at the oil-mill gate
production_route	Declared actual route: mechanical screw pressing; prepress followed by hexane extraction; or direct/expander-assisted hexane extraction
market_state	Unrefined bulk oil after clarification and before refining, with actual moisture, insoluble impurities, and residual solvent status disclosed

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Production of crude cottonseed oil for downstream refining or a declared technical use
How much	1 kg of crude cottonseed oil
How well	Clarified but unrefined oil, measured at the oil-mill gate; the dataset shall disclose moisture, insoluble impurities, and residual solvent status rather than assume a refined-oil specification
How long or cycle	One production accounting period represented by the foreground data, normally a continuous campaign or annual period
reference_flow_link	One kilogram of dispatchable crude cottonseed oil after route-specific extraction and clarification

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Cottonseed oil, crude — Tiangong UUID unresolved
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	extraction route; direct-extraction, expander, or prepress configuration; cottonseed receipt condition and moisture basis; product moisture and insoluble-impurity basis; residual solvent status; geography; technology and equipment vintage; reporting period; co-product treatment and allocation choice; solvent recovery configuration; purchased versus on-site steam/heat; wastewater-treatment boundary

When constructing a foreground data package, every item listed in Required qualifiers shall be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, the reference-flow comment, the product description, or an equivalent field. Missing qualifiers make the reference-flow definition incomplete.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	Reference product and mass-balance product, co-product, residue, and waste rows	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Normalize the reporting-period inventory to 1 kg of clarified crude cottonseed oil. Record whether each mass is as-received, wet, dry, or solvent-bearing; do not mix bases without a documented conversion.
internal_transfer_reconciliation	Prepared meats, pressed cake, miscella, solvent-laden meal, and intermediate crude-oil transfers	Mass	kg	Internal transfer rows shall reconcile between consecutive unit processes for the declared route and shall not be counted again as external inputs or outputs.
energy_accounting	Electricity, steam, natural gas, and fuel oil	Energy or mass as metered	kWh, MJ, or kg	Preserve invoice or meter units. Convert only with a documented factor; for fuels report quantity, lower heating value, and whether combustion is inside the foreground boundary.
water_accounting	Process water, boiler feed water, and wastewater	Mass or volume	kg or m3	Keep supplied water, reused water, condensate, and discharged wastewater separate. State density assumptions when converting volume to mass.
hexane_balance	Solvent-extraction and desolventizing processes	Mass	kg	Reconcile opening inventory, purchases, closing inventory, recovered solvent, solvent retained in products or wastewater, and measured or calculated losses; do not use a soybean factor as cottonseed evidence.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Cottonseed received at the oil mill after ginning, with receipt mass, moisture, foreign matter, and residual lint condition declared
starting_condition_role	Gate-to-gate foreground starting input; cultivation and ginning burdens arrive through an upstream cottonseed dataset
product_classification_scope	Crude cottonseed oil only; CPC 3.0 subclass 21681 is mapping context and does not broaden the PCR to refined vegetable oils
recursive_input_rule	If crude cottonseed oil of the same category is introduced for rework or blending, record it as a separate external input with its upstream dataset and do not recursively recreate its production inside this foreground package
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link received cottonseed, purchased energy, water, hexane, cleaning agent, and other external inputs to representative upstream datasets; disclose unresolved proxies
disclosure	Declare the extraction route, included unit processes, internal transfers, on-site utilities, solvent recovery, wastewater treatment, co-product destinations, allocation method, exclusions, and any cut-offs

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_rule_1	foreground_start_and_end	Start at cottonseed receipt from the gin and end at clarified crude cottonseed oil at the mill gate; keep cultivation, ginning, and downstream refining outside this foreground boundary unless explicitly added and disclosed.	unsd-cpc-3-0-structure-2025; us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-background-1995
boundary_rule_2	route_selection	Model only the declared mechanical, prepress-solvent, or direct/expander-solvent route. Solvent extraction and desolventizing are not applicable to a mechanical-only route.	us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-background-1995; zia-cottonseed-oil-review-2021
boundary_rule_3	solvent_route	When hexane extraction is used, include extraction, oil/solvent evaporation and stripping, meal desolventizing, condensation and recovery, make-up solvent, wastewater containing solvent, and vented or fugitive hexane.	us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-processing-1995; eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019
boundary_rule_4	utilities_and_treatment	Include on-site steam or heat generation and on-site wastewater treatment only when operated by the reporting facility; otherwise represent purchased steam/heat and external treatment as product or waste-service inputs.	eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019; eu-pef-method-2021

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
seed_preparation	Cottonseed receiving, cleaning, delinting, and dehulling	required	Always included	Foreground raw-material preparation	Received cottonseed mass
conditioning_flaking	Conditioning, flaking, and cooking	required	Always included; equipment sequence shall be declared	Foreground extraction preparation	Prepared cottonseed-meat mass
mechanical_pressing	Mechanical pressing	conditional	Include for mechanical-only and prepress-solvent routes	Foreground oil extraction	Conditioned cottonseed-meat mass
hexane_extraction	Hexane extraction	conditional	Include for prepress-solvent and direct/expander-solvent routes	Foreground oil extraction	Extractor feed mass
desolventizing_stripping	Meal desolventizing and oil stripping	conditional	Include whenever hexane extraction is included	Foreground solvent recovery	Miscella and solvent-laden meal mass
crude_oil_clarification	Crude-oil clarification and storage transfer	required	Always included for the route-specific crude-oil stream	Foreground finishing	Clarified crude cottonseed oil mass
onsite_heat_generation	On-site steam or process-heat generation	conditional	Include only for steam or heat generated within the facility boundary	Foreground utility supply	Generated steam or useful heat
onsite_wastewater_treatment	On-site wastewater treatment	conditional	Include only when wastewater is treated within the facility boundary	Foreground waste treatment	Wastewater received for treatment

Process: Cottonseed receiving, cleaning, delinting, and dehulling (seed_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Cottonseed received from the gin (received_cottonseed)

Record non-planting cottonseed crossing the mill gate, including receipt moisture and foreign matter.

• Selected flow: Cottonseed, other 5ec72013-512e-4bb6-a5e6-648551f35d9d
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net received mass from calibrated weighbridge or scale records, adjusted only for separately documented rejected loads
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_seed_preparation_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-background-1995

Electricity for seed preparation (seed_cleaning_electricity)

Record metered electricity used by conveyors, screens, aspirators, saw delinting, hullers, beaters, and dust-control equipment.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered or allocated electricity for seed preparation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_seed_preparation_records
• Sources: eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Cotton linters recovered during delinting (cotton_linters)

Record marketable linters separated after seed receipt as a co-product.

• Selected flow: Cotton linters 6587eccc-106f-4941-be4a-afdbe46df8b5
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured dry or as-produced linter mass with basis declared
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_seed_preparation_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-background-1995

Cottonseed hulls recovered during dehulling (cottonseed_hulls)

Record hulls leaving seed preparation for sale, feed use, energy use, or another declared destination.

• Selected flow: Cottonseed hulls — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured hull mass by destination and moisture basis
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_seed_preparation_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-background-1995

Waste flows

Foreign matter removed during cleaning (seed_cleaning_rejects)

Record sticks, stones, metal, dirt, and non-marketable seed-cleaning rejects as one site waste stream only when managed together.

• Selected flow: Cottonseed-cleaning rejects — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured reject mass sent to the declared treatment or disposal destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_seed_preparation_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-processing-1995

Elementary flows

Dust released to air from seed handling (seed_dust_air)

Record measured or calculated particulate matter released after installed controls from receiving, cleaning, delinting, and dehulling.

• Selected flow: Particulate matter, to air — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Stack measurements plus documented fugitive estimate for the seed-preparation process
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_air_emission_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-processing-1995; eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019

Process: Conditioning, flaking, and cooking (conditioning_flaking)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared cottonseed meats (prepared_cottonseed_meats)

Record the internal kernel stream from seed preparation; reconcile this transfer without adding upstream burden twice.

• Selected flow: Prepared cottonseed meats — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Internal transfer mass from dehulling to conditioning
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-background-1995

Electricity for conditioning and flaking (conditioning_electricity)

Record electricity used by flaking rolls, cookers, expanders when present, drives, and controls.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered or allocated electricity for conditioning, flaking, cooking, and declared expansion
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_records
• Sources: eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019

Process water added during conditioning (conditioning_process_water)

Record water directly added to control moisture during conditioning or cooking.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered or batch-record water addition, excluding recirculated condensate recorded separately
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-background-1995

Steam injected during conditioning (conditioning_steam)

Record purchased or internally transferred steam only when steam conditioning or cooking is used.

• Selected flow: Steam — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered steam delivered to the conditioner or cooker; mark not applicable when no steam is used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-background-1995

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Conditioned and flaked cottonseed meats (conditioned_cottonseed_meats)

Record the internal prepared material sent to the declared pressing or direct-solvent route.

• Selected flow: Conditioned cottonseed meats — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Internal transfer mass to pressing or extraction, including declared expander treatment
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-background-1995; zia-cottonseed-oil-review-2021

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: Mechanical pressing (mechanical_pressing)

Inputs

Product flows

Conditioned meats sent to the screw press (press_feed)

Record the internal press feed only for mechanical-only or prepress-solvent routes.

• Selected flow: Conditioned cottonseed meats — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Internal transfer mass entering the press
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pressing_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-background-1995; zia-cottonseed-oil-review-2021

Electricity for mechanical pressing (pressing_electricity)

Record electricity used by screw presses, feeders, pumps, and local controls.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered or equipment-allocated electricity for pressing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pressing_records
• Sources: eu-pef-method-2021

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Pressed crude cottonseed oil (pressed_crude_oil)

Record the unclarified internal oil stream sent to crude-oil clarification.

• Selected flow: Pressed crude cottonseed oil — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured oil mass leaving the press and associated screening equipment
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pressing_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-background-1995

Pressed cottonseed cake (pressed_cottonseed_cake)

Record press cake as a marketable co-product for a mechanical-only route or as internal extractor feed for a prepress-solvent route; do not count the same mass in both roles.

• Selected flow: Pressed cottonseed cake — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured press-cake mass split by destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pressing_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-background-1995; zia-cottonseed-oil-review-2021

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: Hexane extraction (hexane_extraction)

Inputs

Product flows

Cottonseed flakes for direct solvent extraction (direct_extraction_feed)

Record conditioned flakes or expanded material only for a direct/expander-solvent route.

• Selected flow: Conditioned cottonseed meats — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Internal transfer mass entering the extractor from conditioning
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_extraction_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-background-1995; zia-cottonseed-oil-review-2021

Press cake for prepress-solvent extraction (prepress_extraction_feed)

Record press cake entering the extractor only for a prepress-solvent route.

• Selected flow: Pressed cottonseed cake — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Internal transfer mass entering the extractor from pressing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_extraction_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-background-1995; zia-cottonseed-oil-review-2021

Make-up n-hexane (extraction_hexane)

Record purchased n-hexane entering the closed solvent circuit; recovered solvent is an internal loop, not a new external input.

• Selected flow: n-Hexane — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Purchases plus opening inventory minus closing inventory, reconciled with recovered solvent and losses
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_solvent_balance_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-processing-1995; eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019

Electricity for extraction and solvent circulation (extraction_electricity)

Record electricity used by the extractor, pumps, conveyors, and solvent-recovery auxiliaries assigned to extraction.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered or equipment-allocated electricity for the extraction process
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_extraction_records
• Sources: eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Cottonseed oil miscella (cottonseed_oil_miscella)

Record the internal oil-and-hexane solution transferred to evaporation and stripping.

• Selected flow: Cottonseed oil miscella — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured or mass-balance-calculated miscella transfer mass and composition
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_extraction_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-processing-1995

Solvent-laden cottonseed meal (solvent_laden_cottonseed_meal)

Record extracted solids transferred to the desolventizer-toaster, with retained-solvent and moisture basis declared.

• Selected flow: Solvent-laden cottonseed meal — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured extractor solids output and sampled solvent content
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_extraction_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-processing-1995; eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Hexane/VOC released during extraction (extraction_hexane_air)

Record extractor vents and documented fugitive losses assigned to extraction.

• Selected flow: n-Hexane, to air — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured vent emissions plus equipment-leak estimate, reconciled to the site solvent balance
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_solvent_balance_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-processing-1995; eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019

Process: Meal desolventizing and oil stripping (desolventizing_stripping)

Inputs

Product flows

Miscella sent to evaporation and stripping (miscella_to_stripping)

Record the internal miscella transferred from extraction.

• Selected flow: Cottonseed oil miscella — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Reconciled internal transfer mass and oil/hexane composition
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_desolventizing_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-processing-1995

Solvent-laden meal sent to desolventizing (meal_to_desolventizing)

Record the internal meal transfer from extraction.

• Selected flow: Solvent-laden cottonseed meal — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Reconciled internal transfer mass and retained-solvent content
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_desolventizing_records
• Sources: eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019

Steam for desolventizing and stripping (desolventizing_steam)

Record direct and indirect steam used by evaporators, stripper, and desolventizer-toaster.

• Selected flow: Steam — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered steam delivered to desolventizing and stripping
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_desolventizing_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-processing-1995; eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019

Electricity for desolventizing and solvent recovery (desolventizing_electricity)

Record electricity for evaporators, vacuum equipment, condensers, pumps, meal dryers, and coolers assigned to this process.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered or equipment-allocated electricity for desolventizing, stripping, drying, cooling, and solvent recovery
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_desolventizing_records
• Sources: eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Extracted crude cottonseed oil (extracted_crude_oil)

Record desolventized internal crude oil transferred to clarification.

• Selected flow: Extracted crude cottonseed oil — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured stripped crude-oil mass at transfer
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_desolventizing_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-processing-1995

Desolventized cottonseed meal (cottonseed_meal)

Record meal leaving drying and cooling as a co-product, with moisture and residual-solvent basis declared.

• Selected flow: Cottonseed Meal a5d3b1ef-9fde-4393-af7b-5ec33451551d
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured meal mass by sale or use destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_desolventizing_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-background-1995

Waste flows

Solvent-bearing condensate wastewater (solvent_condensate_wastewater)

Record aqueous condensate leaving phase separation or distillation for treatment.

• Selected flow: Solvent-bearing wastewater — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered wastewater mass with measured hexane content
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-processing-1995; eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019

Elementary flows

Hexane/VOC released during desolventizing and recovery (desolventizing_hexane_air)

Record main-vent, meal-dryer, meal-cooler, storage, and fugitive hexane losses assigned to this process without double counting extraction losses.

• Selected flow: n-Hexane, to air — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured and calculated emissions reconciled to the site solvent balance
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_solvent_balance_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-processing-1995; eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019

Process: Crude-oil clarification and storage transfer (crude_oil_clarification)

Inputs

Product flows

Pressed crude-oil transfer (pressed_oil_to_clarification)

Record pressed oil entering clarification only for mechanical-only or prepress-solvent routes.

• Selected flow: Pressed crude cottonseed oil — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Reconciled internal transfer mass from pressing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_clarification_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-background-1995

Extracted crude-oil transfer (extracted_oil_to_clarification)

Record stripped oil entering clarification only for solvent routes.

• Selected flow: Extracted crude cottonseed oil — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Reconciled internal transfer mass from desolventizing and stripping
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_clarification_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-processing-1995

Electricity for clarification and transfer (clarification_electricity)

Record electricity for screens, settling or centrifugation, filtration, pumps, and storage transfer.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered or equipment-allocated electricity for crude-oil clarification and transfer
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_clarification_records
• Sources: eu-pef-method-2021

Process water for clarification equipment (clarification_process_water)

Record process water that contacts oil or clarification equipment, excluding general sanitation water recorded separately.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered water entering clarification equipment or oil-contact washing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_clarification_records
• Sources: eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019

Alkaline cleaning agent (alkaline_cleaning_agent)

Record the actual purchased alkaline cleaning formulation used on oil-contact or process equipment; do not include refining alkali under this row.

• Selected flow: Alkaline cleaning agent — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Issue or purchase records allocated to the crude-oil production line
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_clarification_records
• Sources: eu-pef-method-2021

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Clarified crude cottonseed oil (crude_cottonseed_oil_reference)

Record the reference product after clarification and before any refining step.

• Selected flow: Cottonseed oil, crude — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg reference output; reporting-period dispatchable output is normalized to this amount
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Source rule (source_rule)
• Collection protocol: cp_clarification_records
• Sources: unsd-cpc-3-0-structure-2025

Cottonseed oil foots from clarification (cottonseed_oil_foots)

Record separated oil-bearing fines or foots by actual destination. If a site calls this stream soapstock, disclose that local name; do not merge it with alkali-refining soapstock outside this PCR boundary.

• Selected flow: Cottonseed oil foots — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured foots mass sent back to meal, recovered, sold, treated, or disposed
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_clarification_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-background-1995

Waste flows

Oily wastewater from clarification and cleaning (clarification_wastewater)

Record wastewater leaving clarification and equipment cleaning for on-site or external treatment.

• Selected flow: Oily wastewater — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered discharge mass with destination and oil/solids content documented
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_records
• Sources: eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019

Elementary flows

Process: On-site steam or process-heat generation (onsite_heat_generation)

Inputs

Product flows

Natural gas burned on site (natural_gas_fuel)

Record natural gas only when used in an on-site boiler or direct heater within the foreground boundary.

• Selected flow: Natural gas — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: Metered fuel quantity converted with documented lower heating value
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_heat_generation_records
• Sources: eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019

Fuel oil burned on site (fuel_oil_fuel)

Record fuel oil as a separate alternative fuel when actually burned; do not combine it with natural gas.

• Selected flow: Fuel oil — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Tank or purchase records corrected for opening and closing stock
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_heat_generation_records
• Sources: eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019

Boiler feed water (boiler_feed_water)

Record externally supplied make-up water entering on-site steam generation.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered boiler make-up water net of returned condensate
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_heat_generation_records
• Sources: eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019

Electricity for on-site heat generation (heat_generation_electricity)

Record boiler-house electricity for pumps, fans, controls, and fuel handling.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered or equipment-allocated boiler-house electricity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_heat_generation_records
• Sources: eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Steam generated on site (generated_steam)

Record steam transferred internally to conditioning, desolventizing, stripping, or other declared users.

• Selected flow: Steam — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered generated steam net of blowdown and distribution losses
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_heat_generation_records
• Sources: eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide from fuel combustion (fossil_carbon_dioxide_air)

Record fossil carbon dioxide released from on-site fuel combustion.

• Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, fossil, to air — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Direct measurement or fuel-specific calculation from collected fuel use and documented carbon factor
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_combustion_emission_records
• Sources: eu-pef-method-2021

Carbon monoxide from fuel combustion (carbon_monoxide_air)

Record carbon monoxide released from the actual boiler or direct heater.

• Selected flow: Carbon monoxide, to air — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured emission or calculation from collected fuel use and a documented equipment-specific factor
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_combustion_emission_records
• Sources: eu-pef-method-2021

Nitrogen oxides from fuel combustion (nitrogen_oxides_air)

Record nitrogen oxides released from the actual boiler or direct heater.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen oxides, to air — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured emission or calculation from collected fuel use and a documented equipment-specific factor
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_combustion_emission_records
• Sources: eu-pef-method-2021

Sulfur dioxide from fuel combustion (sulfur_dioxide_air)

Record sulfur dioxide from the actual fuel sulfur content; mark not applicable only with evidence that no sulfur-bearing fuel is burned.

• Selected flow: Sulfur dioxide, to air — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured emission or sulfur balance from collected fuel quantity and sulfur content
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_combustion_emission_records
• Sources: eu-pef-method-2021

Particulate matter from fuel combustion (combustion_particulate_air)

Record particulate matter emitted after controls from the on-site boiler or direct heater.

• Selected flow: Particulate matter, to air — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured stack emission or calculation from collected fuel use and a documented equipment-specific factor
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_combustion_emission_records
• Sources: eu-pef-method-2021

Process: On-site wastewater treatment (onsite_wastewater_treatment)

Inputs

Product flows

Electricity for wastewater treatment (wastewater_treatment_electricity)

Record electricity used by on-site equalisation, separation, aeration, pumping, and sludge handling.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered or equipment-allocated wastewater-treatment electricity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment_records
• Sources: eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019

Waste flows

Solvent-bearing wastewater received for treatment (solvent_wastewater_to_treatment)

Record the internal wastewater transfer from solvent recovery when that route applies.

• Selected flow: Solvent-bearing wastewater — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Reconciled internal transfer mass and pollutant load
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment_records
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-processing-1995; eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019

Oily wastewater received for treatment (oily_wastewater_to_treatment)

Record the internal wastewater transfer from clarification and cleaning.

• Selected flow: Oily wastewater — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Reconciled internal transfer mass and pollutant load
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment_records
• Sources: eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Treated industrial wastewater (treated_wastewater)

Record treated effluent leaving the foreground boundary, with receiving destination and monitored pollutant loads.

• Selected flow: Treated industrial wastewater — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered effluent mass or volume with density basis and pollutant concentrations
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment_records
• Sources: eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019

Industrial wastewater-treatment sludge (wastewater_sludge)

Record dewatered or wet sludge leaving treatment, with solids basis and destination declared.

• Selected flow: Industrial wastewater-treatment sludge — Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured sludge mass with dry-solids fraction and treatment destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment_records
• Sources: eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_rule_1	route_and_unit_processes	First subdivide seed preparation, conditioning, extraction, clarification, utilities, and treatment using meters, batch records, equipment operating time, or another documented causal key. Do not allocate burdens from route steps that are not operated.	eu-pef-method-2021
allocation_rule_2	residual_common_burdens	For the attributional baseline, after subdivision allocate residual common foreground burdens by dry mass among crude cottonseed oil and marketable cotton linters, hulls, press cake, and meal leaving the system. Waste streams receive no co-product share. Record moisture conversions and all allocation factors.	eu-pef-method-2021
allocation_rule_3	system_expansion_alternative	System expansion may replace the mass-allocation baseline only when the study goal requires it and a transparent, quality-matched displaced-product model exists for every credited co-product. Report the substituted product, substitution ratio, geography, quality adjustment, and sensitivity result; do not mix system expansion and allocation for the same burden.	eu-pef-method-2021
allocation_rule_4	foots_and_internal_recycling	Treat foots returned to meal and recovered hexane returned to extraction as internal loops. Allocate or credit only net external outputs, and disclose any foots sold or sent to waste treatment.	us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-background-1995; eu-pef-method-2021

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_seed_preparation_records	seed_preparation	cottonseed, electricity, linters, hulls, rejects	weighbridge, scale, meter, production log	receipt mass; moisture; foreign matter; electricity; linter mass; hull mass; reject mass	calibrated instruments and reconciled production records	kg; kWh	each load or shift, aggregated monthly	representative continuous campaign or at least 12 months	all seed-preparation equipment serving the product	sum external flows and reconcile prepared-kernel transfer by mass	calibration certificates; weigh tickets; meter mapping; reconciliation
cp_conditioning_records	conditioning_flaking	meats, water, steam, electricity	transfer scale, flowmeter, steam meter, electricity meter, batch log	feed and output mass; moisture; water; steam; electricity; expander status	direct metering or documented equipment allocation	kg; kWh	shift or batch	same reporting period as reference product	all conditioning, flaking, cooking, and expansion equipment	sum by declared route and reconcile internal transfers	meter calibration; operating log; moisture tests
cp_pressing_records	mechanical_pressing	press feed, electricity, oil, cake	scale, electricity meter, press log	feed mass; electricity; pressed oil; cake mass; cake destination	direct measurement or documented equipment allocation	kg; kWh	shift or batch	route operating period	all presses serving the declared route	aggregate only periods when pressing operates	scale calibration; press log; mass balance
cp_extraction_records	hexane_extraction	extractor feeds, electricity, miscella, solvent-laden meal	transfer measurement, electricity meter, composition sample	feed mass by route; electricity; miscella mass and composition; meal mass and solvent content	direct measurement and laboratory sampling	kg; kWh; mass fraction	shift or batch	solvent-route operating period	extractor and assigned auxiliaries	reconcile oil, solids, water, and solvent transfers	meter calibration; laboratory methods; solvent balance
cp_desolventizing_records	desolventizing_stripping	miscella, meal, steam, electricity, crude oil, meal output	transfer scale, steam and electricity meters, lab sample	internal inputs; steam; electricity; crude oil; meal; moisture; residual solvent	direct measurement and laboratory sampling	kg; kWh; mass fraction	shift or batch	solvent-route operating period	evaporators, stripper, desolventizer-toaster, dryer, cooler, condensers	aggregate route-specific operation and reconcile internal transfers	calibration; lab QA; production balance
cp_solvent_balance_records	hexane_extraction; desolventizing_stripping	make-up hexane and air loss	tank gauge, purchases, flowmeter, stack test, leak survey	opening stock; purchases; closing stock; recovered hexane; retained solvent; wastewater solvent; vent emissions; fugitive estimate	site solvent mass balance supported by measurements	kg	daily or monthly balance; annual reconciliation	full solvent-route reporting period	all solvent storage and solvent-using/recovery equipment	purchases plus opening stock minus closing stock minus retained/recovered transfers equals loss, with uncertainty disclosed	tank calibration; purchase records; stack test; leak survey; closure error
cp_clarification_records	crude_oil_clarification	oil transfers, reference product, electricity, water, cleaning agent, foots	tank or scale records, meters, issue logs, lab tests	input oil; dispatchable crude oil; electricity; water; cleaning agent; foots; moisture; insoluble impurities; residual solvent	direct measurement and representative sampling	kg; kWh; mass fraction	batch or shift	full product reporting period	clarification, filtration, tanks, and assigned cleaning	reconcile incoming oil to crude oil, foots, wastewater, and stock change	tank calibration; laboratory QA; cleaning issue records; mass balance
cp_heat_generation_records	onsite_heat_generation	fuels, feed water, electricity, steam	fuel meter or tank, invoices, water and electricity meters, steam meter	natural gas; fuel oil; lower heating value; water; electricity; steam; condensate return; blowdown	direct measurement and stock reconciliation	MJ; kg; kWh	daily or monthly	full reporting period	on-site boilers and direct heaters serving foreground production	allocate only after metered subdivision where feasible	meter calibration; fuel certificates; boiler log; steam balance
cp_combustion_emission_records	onsite_heat_generation	combustion emissions	stack measurements or fuel-specific calculation	fuel quantity; carbon and sulfur content; stack concentration and flow; operating hours; emission factors	direct monitoring or documented calculation from collected activity data	kg	permit or monitoring frequency and annual aggregation	full reporting period	each boiler or direct heater in scope	sum measured/calculated emissions without double counting	stack-test report; fuel analysis; calculation workbook
cp_wastewater_records	desolventizing_stripping; crude_oil_clarification	wastewater	flowmeter, tank record, laboratory analysis	flow; oil and grease; suspended solids; hexane where applicable; destination	continuous or batch flow measurement and representative sampling	kg or m3; concentration	daily or batch	full operating period	all in-scope wastewater sources	aggregate mass and pollutant loads by source and destination	flowmeter calibration; chain of custody; laboratory QA
cp_wastewater_treatment_records	onsite_wastewater_treatment	treated effluent, electricity, sludge	influent/effluent meters, electricity meter, sludge scale, lab tests	influent; effluent; electricity; sludge mass; dry solids; pollutant concentrations; destination	direct measurement and laboratory analysis	kg; m3; kWh; concentration	daily, batch, or permit frequency	full treatment operating period	on-site wastewater-treatment plant	reconcile influent, effluent, sludge, evaporation, and stock change	calibration; permit reports; lab QA; treatment balance
cp_air_emission_records	seed_preparation	process dust	stack test, bag-filter/cyclone monitoring, fugitive survey	concentration; gas flow; operating time; control status; fugitive estimate	direct monitoring and documented calculation	kg	monitoring frequency and annual aggregation	full operating period	receiving, cleaning, delinting, dehulling, and meal handling assigned to this PCR	sum controlled and fugitive emissions by source	stack-test report; control inspection; calculation workbook

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_normalize_reference	all external inventory rows	reporting-period row amount / reporting-period clarified crude cottonseed oil mass	collected row amount; reference product mass	amount per 1 kg crude cottonseed oil	eu-pef-method-2021
calc_internal_mass_balance	every unit process	opening stock + inputs = closing stock + products + co-products + wastes + measured releases + reported unaccounted difference	transfer, stock, product, waste, and emission records	process mass-balance closure and discrepancy	eu-pef-method-2021
calc_hexane_loss	solvent route	opening hexane + purchases - closing hexane - net recovered inventory - quantified solvent retained in products/wastewater = total hexane loss; partition measured sources and report the residual as fugitive/unresolved	solvent records, samples, vent data	hexane make-up and loss per reference flow	us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-processing-1995; eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019
calc_fuel_energy	on-site heat generation	measured fuel quantity × documented lower heating value	fuel quantity; lower heating value	fuel energy in MJ per reference flow	eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019
calc_allocation_mass	residual common burdens	burden × dry mass of selected marketable output / total dry mass of all selected marketable outputs	common burden; output wet masses; moisture fractions	allocated burden and allocation factor	eu-pef-method-2021

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	reference product and route	Demonstrate that the output is crude cottonseed oil rather than refined oil and identify the actual extraction route and solvent configuration.	product specification or dispatch record; process flow diagram; route declaration
dq_temporal	all foreground data	Use one consistent reporting period that covers representative operation, shutdowns, start-ups, route changes, and seasonal campaigns; disclose exclusions.	dated logs; production calendar; reporting-period reconciliation
dq_completeness	mass, energy, solvent, water, co-products, wastes, and emissions	Account for every listed important flow or document why its atomic row is not applicable to the declared technology.	completeness matrix; signed not-applicable justification; mass and utility balances
dq_measurement	meters, scales, tanks, and laboratory results	Retain instrument identity, calibration or verification status, sampling method, detection limits, and unit conversions.	calibration records; laboratory QA/QC; calculation workbook
dq_representativeness	upstream and secondary datasets	Report technological, geographical, and temporal representativeness and identify all proxies, especially cottonseed supply, electricity, fuels, hexane, and waste treatment.	dataset metadata; proxy register; data-quality assessment
dq_allocation	co-products	Retain unallocated totals, subdivision keys, dry-mass conversions, allocation factors, destinations, and any system-expansion sensitivity model.	allocation workbook; sales or dispatch records; moisture tests; sensitivity results

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validation_rule_1	reference_flow	Fail validation if the reference output is refined cottonseed oil, if the reference product UUID is represented by the known refined-oil UUID, or if the output is not measured in kg on a declared mass basis.	unsd-cpc-3-0-structure-2025
validation_rule_2	route_consistency	Fail validation if mechanical-only data include hexane extraction/desolventizing burdens, or if a declared solvent route omits hexane make-up, recovery, wastewater, and air-loss accounting.	us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-processing-1995; eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019
validation_rule_3	inventory_completeness	Require separate atomic rows for cottonseed, electricity, steam, each fuel, process water, hexane, cleaning agent, linters, hulls, meal, foots, wastewater, sludge, hexane/VOC, dust, and each reported combustion emission when applicable.	eu-pef-method-2021; us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-processing-1995
validation_rule_4	balances	Require disclosed closure for process mass balances, the site solvent balance on solvent routes, water/wastewater balance, and fuel-to-energy calculation. Flag unexplained discrepancies rather than forcing them into the reference product.	us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-processing-1995; eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019
validation_rule_5	allocation	Require one declared attributional mass-allocation result after subdivision, or one fully documented system-expansion alternative; fail if burdens are left unassigned or the same co-product receives both allocation and substitution credit.	eu-pef-method-2021
validation_rule_6	quantitative_ranges	Treat all amount ranges as unresolved for this candidate PCR until at least two independent original sources with compatible cottonseed-oil route, boundary, unit, and normalization basis are verified; do not infer a range from a single point or from soybean, rapeseed, or sunflower BAT values.	us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-background-1995; eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground unit-process data package for crude cottonseed oil production, publishable after review as a secondary_dataset or background_dataset
downstream_use	Product flow, process dataset, and lifecyclemodel construction for systems requiring crude cottonseed oil at the mill gate
allowed_use	Attributional modelling with declared mass allocation; system-expansion scenarios when fully documented; route-specific benchmarking that does not imply unsupported quantitative ranges
excluded_use	Refined cottonseed oil; generic vegetable oil without identity disclosure; comparative assertions across routes without aligned boundaries and data quality; automatic use of unresolved UUIDs or ranges
required_metadata	Geography; reporting period; cottonseed receipt condition; extraction route; technology; product moisture and impurities; residual solvent status; process coverage; energy supply; solvent recovery; wastewater boundary; co-product destinations; allocation method; upstream dataset identities
required_quality_disclosure	Foreground coverage; measurement and calculation split; mass/solvent/water closure; missing-flow justifications; proxy list; allocation factors; uncertainty and detection limits; unresolved reference-product and inventory UUIDs; absence of source-backed ranges
update_trigger	New exact public Tiangong crude-cottonseed-oil flow; material route or equipment change; revised official BAT/PEF method; two compatible quantitative sources enabling a range; changed solvent, energy, co-product, or treatment practice; review finding

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-3-0-structure-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification Version 3.0 structure, code 21681, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Meetings/UNCEISC2023/8-3_Background3_CPC3_Structure.pdf (accessed 2026-08-24)	Official product-category identity and exclusion of refined cottonseed oil
us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-background-1995	official_guidance	U.S. EPA, Background Report, AP-42 Section 9.11.1, Vegetable Oil Processing, November 1995, https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-10/documents/b9s11-1.pdf (accessed 2026-08-24)	Cottonseed-specific cleaning, delinting, dehulling, conditioning, flaking, pressing, prepress-solvent extraction, meal, and foots process decomposition; evidence limitations
us-epa-ap42-vegetable-oil-processing-1995	official_guidance	U.S. EPA, AP-42 Section 9.11.1, Vegetable Oil Processing, November 1995, https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-10/documents/c9s11-1.pdf (accessed 2026-08-24)	Solvent extraction, evaporation, stripping, desolventizing, recovery, wastewater, dust, VOC/hexane sources, and site solvent-balance method
eu-bat-food-drink-milk-2019	standard	Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/2031 establishing BAT conclusions for the food, drink and milk industries, especially oilseed processing and vegetable oil refining, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2019/2031/oj/eng (accessed 2026-08-24)	Energy and water monitoring, seed/meal dust, solvent-recovery configuration, hexane-loss accounting, and wastewater management; non-cottonseed numeric BAT levels are not used as ranges
eu-pef-method-2021	official_guidance	Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on Environmental Footprint methods, consolidated English text, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/2021-12-30/eng (accessed 2026-08-24)	Company-specific foreground data, completeness, data quality, multifunctionality hierarchy, subdivision, allocation, and system expansion
zia-cottonseed-oil-review-2021	literature	Zia, M. A. et al., “Physicochemical features, functional characteristics, and health benefits of cottonseed oil: a review,” Brazilian Journal of Biology 82, DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.243511, https://www.scielo.br/j/bjb/a/yQYp7FmKD5bbJzMqxm3Zs6x/?format=pdf&lang=en (accessed 2026-08-24)	Corroboration of mechanical screw pressing, prepress-solvent extraction, and expander-solvent route alternatives only; not used for LCA ranges