Coconut oil, crude

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers foreground production of crude coconut oil from dried coconut kernel (copra) at an oil mill. The core route includes copra receipt and preparation, mechanical pressing, crude-oil clarification or filtration, and storage at the oil-mill gate. Solvent extraction of pressed cake is conditional and must be modelled only when used. The product remains unrefined and is intended for subsequent refining or technical processing.

The PCR excludes coconut cultivation, harvest, dehusking, shelling, and copra drying when these occur before the declared oil-mill gate; those stages require upstream datasets. It also excludes chemical or physical refining, bleaching, deodorisation, fractionation, hydrogenation, retail packing, distribution, use, and end-of-life. Virgin or cold-pressed coconut oil marketed for direct consumption, refined coconut oil, coconut milk or cream, and oils from other botanical sources are outside scope.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.meat-fish-fruits-vegetables-oils-and-fats.coconut-oil-crude
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 21661, Coconut oil, crude (mapping context only)
covered_products	Unrefined coconut oil derived from coconut kernel or copra by mechanical expelling, with conditional solvent recovery from pressed cake; bulk crude coconut oil intended for refining or technical processing
excluded_products	Virgin or cold-pressed coconut oil marketed for direct consumption; refined, bleached, deodorised, fractionated, hydrogenated, or formulated coconut oils; coconut milk and cream; palm-kernel and other botanical oils
representative_product	Bulk crude coconut oil from copra, clarified or filtered and ready for dispatch from the oil mill
production_route	Copra receipt and preparation; mechanical pressing; optional pressed-cake solvent extraction and solvent recovery; crude-oil clarification or filtration; bulk storage
market_state	Unrefined bulk oil at oil-mill gate; extraction route, origin, lot, moisture, impurities, and applicable commercial quality specification declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Crude coconut oil supplied at the oil-mill gate for subsequent refining or technical processing
How much	1 kg crude coconut oil
How well	Unrefined oil derived from coconut kernel or copra, clarified or filtered, with extraction route and applicable lot quality specification declared
How long or cycle	One production lot at dispatch; no service duration applies
reference_flow_link	crude_coconut_oil_output

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Coconut oil, crude 8b18e824-f237-4a70-9127-ddabde706d15
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	unrefined state; copra or kernel origin; mechanical-only or mechanical-plus-solvent route; production geography; production period and lot; moisture and volatile matter test basis; insoluble impurities test basis; free-fatty-acid or acid-value test basis; storage condition; intended downstream refining or technical use

When constructing a foreground data package, every required qualifier must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, the reference-flow comment, the product description, or an equivalent field. Missing qualifiers make the reference-flow definition incomplete.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	Reference crude coconut oil	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Normalize all inventory results to 1 kg net crude coconut oil leaving final clarification or storage; exclude container tare and report the weighing point.
material_mass_basis	Copra, cake or meal, wastes, filter residues, and solvent	Mass	kg	Record mass as received and, where moisture changes materially affect yield or balance, also record moisture and dry matter using the stated sampling method.
energy_consistency	Purchased electricity, fuels, and steam	Energy or mass as metered	kWh, MJ, or kg	Preserve the metered unit and conversion factor; do not add fuel energy and generated steam energy when both describe the same energy supply.
water_balance	Process and cleaning water	Mass or volume	kg or m3	Record net make-up water separately from internally recirculated water and report discharged wastewater separately; state density if volume is converted to mass.
solvent_balance	Conditional solvent-extraction route	Mass	kg	Record solvent make-up, opening and closing inventory, recovered internal recycle, off-site transfers, destruction, and releases on one consistent campaign balance.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Dried coconut kernel (copra) received at the first oil-mill control point, with supplier, origin, received mass, moisture basis, and whether upstream dehusking, shelling, and drying are included in the upstream dataset declared
starting_condition_role	Gate-to-gate foreground starting condition for crude-oil extraction; copra production and drying are upstream product systems unless performed within the reporting facility
product_classification_scope	Crude, unrefined coconut oil derived from coconut kernel or copra; downstream refining and consumer-grade virgin or cold-pressed oil are outside this PCR
recursive_input_rule	Returned or reworked crude coconut oil from the same lot or facility is an internal loop and is not counted as a new product input; externally purchased crude coconut oil is disclosed and modelled with a separate upstream dataset and must not be silently relabelled as foreground output
upstream_dataset_requirement	Use geographically and temporally representative upstream datasets for copra, purchased energy, fuels, water, solvent, filter aids, and other technosphere inputs; disclose missing upstream coverage
disclosure	Declare the mill gate, included unit operations, mechanical or solvent route, treatment of internal recycle, allocation method, excluded upstream and downstream stages, geography, production period, and any shared utilities

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_core_operations	All datasets	Include copra receiving and preparation, mechanical pressing, crude-oil separation or filtration, transfers, and storage through the oil-mill dispatch point.	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; codex-cxs-210-1999
boundary_conditional_solvent	Solvent-assisted mills	Include pressed-cake extraction, miscella distillation, meal desolventising, solvent recovery, make-up solvent, wastewater, waste, and fugitive or channelled solvent releases when this route is operated.	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
boundary_refining_exclusion	All datasets	Exclude degumming, neutralisation, bleaching, deodorisation, fractionation, and hydrogenation; if performed at the same site, meter or allocate them to a downstream refining dataset.	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
boundary_upstream_disclosure	Copra supply	Exclude cultivation, harvest, dehusking, shelling, and copra drying only when they are represented by an upstream dataset; on-site performance of any such operation must be separately inventoried and disclosed.	iso-14044-2006
boundary_no_hazardous_cutoff	Materiality screening	Do not omit solvent, direct air emissions, wastewater, hazardous chemicals, or hazardous wastes solely because their mass share is small; disclose any other excluded flow and its screening basis.	iso-14044-2006; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
copra_receiving_preparation	Copra receiving and preparation	required	Always included	Receive, inspect, clean, size-reduce, and condition copra for extraction	kg prepared copra transferred
mechanical_oil_extraction	Mechanical oil extraction	required	Always included	Press prepared copra and separate pressed crude oil from coconut press cake	kg pressed crude oil transferred
solvent_oil_recovery	Solvent oil recovery from pressed cake	conditional	Include only when pressed cake is solvent-extracted	Recover residual oil and produce desolventised meal or cake	kg extracted crude oil transferred
crude_oil_clarification_storage	Crude-oil clarification and storage	required	Always included	Combine route streams, settle or filter, and store crude coconut oil for dispatch	1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched

Process: Copra receiving and preparation (copra_receiving_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Copra received at the oil mill (copra_input)

Dried coconut kernel crosses the foreground boundary at receipt. Supplier tickets and receiving measurements provide the quantity and quality basis.

• Selected flow: Copra (candidate; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net received mass accepted for the production lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_quality
• Sources: codex-cxs-210-1999
• Range: Provisional copra-input mass-balance QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1.4
  • Upper: 3.5
  • Unit: kg/kg crude coconut oil
  • Basis: received copra per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Preparation electricity (preparation_electricity)

Electricity used for receiving, conveying, cleaning, size reduction, and conditioning auxiliaries is recorded by submeter or defensible allocation from a shared meter.

• Selected flow: Electricity, supplied (candidate; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: measured or allocated net purchased electricity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_by_process
• Range: Provisional preparation-electricity QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.5
  • Unit: kWh/kg crude coconut oil
  • Basis: preparation electricity per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared copra transferred to pressing (prepared_copra_output)

Prepared copra is an internal intermediate; record its measured mass and moisture without assigning an external product credit.

• Selected flow: Prepared copra, internal intermediate (candidate; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass transferred to pressing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per preparation-process output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_quality

Waste flows

Separated foreign material and rejected copra (preparation_rejects)

Stones, metal, dirt, spoiled copra, and other removed material are recorded by destination and waste or recovered-material status.

• Selected flow: Copra preparation rejects (candidate; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured reject mass by destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residuals_emissions
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional preparation-reject QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.15
  • Unit: kg/kg crude coconut oil
  • Basis: preparation rejects per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Preparation dust released to air (preparation_dust_air)

Direct dust after any capture system is reported as an elementary emission; captured dust remains a waste or recovered material.

• Selected flow: Particulate matter, to air (candidate; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured release or calculated value from measured exhaust flow, concentration, and operating time
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_residuals_emissions
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional direct-dust QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.01
  • Unit: kg/kg crude coconut oil
  • Basis: released particulate matter per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Mechanical oil extraction (mechanical_oil_extraction)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared copra (prepared_copra_input)

The internal prepared-copra transfer must match the output of copra_receiving_preparation over the same lot balance.

• Selected flow: Prepared copra, internal intermediate (candidate; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: transferred mass from preparation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per mechanical-extraction output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_quality

Extraction electricity (extraction_electricity)

Electricity for presses, conveyors, pumps, and associated controls is recorded for the production campaign.

• Selected flow: Electricity, supplied (candidate; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: measured or allocated net purchased electricity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_by_process
• Range: Provisional extraction-electricity QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.01
  • Upper: 2
  • Unit: kWh/kg crude coconut oil
  • Basis: mechanical-extraction electricity per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Conditioning thermal energy (conditioning_thermal_energy)

Fuel or purchased steam used to heat or condition copra before or during pressing is recorded only when applied; report the actual carrier and avoid double counting steam and its generating fuel.

• Selected flow: Thermal energy carrier or steam used on site (candidate; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: measured fuel lower-heating-value input or metered purchased steam energy
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_by_process
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional conditioning-energy QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: MJ/kg crude coconut oil
  • Basis: conditioning energy per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Pressed crude coconut oil intermediate (pressed_crude_oil_output)

Pressed oil is an internal intermediate transferred to clarification or combined with solvent-extracted oil.

• Selected flow: Crude coconut oil, internal intermediate 8b18e824-f237-4a70-9127-ddabde706d15
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net mass transferred from pressing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per mechanical-extraction output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_quality

Coconut press cake (press_cake_output)

Pressed cake is reported as a co-product when sold or transferred for beneficial use, as an internal intermediate when solvent-extracted on site, or as waste when discarded.

• Selected flow: Coconut press cake (candidate; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass and destination status
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_quality
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional press-cake output QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.3
  • Upper: 2.5
  • Unit: kg/kg crude coconut oil
  • Basis: press cake before optional solvent extraction per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: Solvent oil recovery from pressed cake (solvent_oil_recovery)

Inputs

Product flows

Pressed cake sent to extraction (press_cake_extraction_input)

This internal flow is included only for mills that extract residual oil from pressed cake.

• Selected flow: Coconut press cake, internal intermediate (candidate; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass charged to the extractor
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per solvent-recovery process output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_quality

Make-up extraction solvent (makeup_solvent_input)

Make-up solvent crossing the facility boundary is recorded separately from recovered internal recycle.

• Selected flow: Extraction solvent, make-up (candidate; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: purchased or tank-balanced make-up solvent
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_solvent_balance
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional make-up-solvent QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.05
  • Unit: kg/kg crude coconut oil
  • Basis: make-up solvent per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Solvent-route energy (solvent_route_energy)

Record electricity and thermal energy for extraction, miscella distillation, desolventising, meal drying, and solvent recovery by carrier.

• Selected flow: Electricity, steam, and fuel by carrier (candidate; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: measured carrier-specific energy converted to MJ with conversion factors retained
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_by_process
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional solvent-route energy QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 15
  • Unit: MJ/kg crude coconut oil
  • Basis: combined reported energy carriers per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Solvent-route process water (solvent_route_water)

Net make-up and process water are recorded separately from recirculated cooling water.

• Selected flow: Process water (candidate; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net make-up water crossing the facility boundary
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_balance
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional solvent-route water QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 5
  • Unit: kg/kg crude coconut oil
  • Basis: net make-up water per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Solvent-extracted crude coconut oil intermediate (solvent_crude_oil_output)

Recovered crude oil is an internal intermediate transferred to final clarification or blending.

• Selected flow: Crude coconut oil, internal intermediate 8b18e824-f237-4a70-9127-ddabde706d15
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net recovered oil transferred
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per solvent-recovery process output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_quality

Desolventised coconut meal or cake (desolventised_meal_output)

Meal or cake leaving solvent recovery is reported as a co-product only when it meets a declared specification and has a beneficial destination; otherwise classify it as waste.

• Selected flow: Desolventised coconut meal or cake (candidate; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass by specification and destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_quality
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional desolventised-meal QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.3
  • Upper: 2.5
  • Unit: kg/kg crude coconut oil
  • Basis: desolventised meal or cake per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Solvent-route wastewater (solvent_route_wastewater)

Wastewater from solvent-water separation, equipment cleaning, and related route operations is measured at discharge before treatment or transfer.

• Selected flow: Wastewater, solvent-route (candidate; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured discharged mass or volume with density stated
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_balance
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional solvent-route wastewater QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 2
  • Unit: kg/kg crude coconut oil
  • Basis: wastewater per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Solvent released to air (solvent_release_air)

Fugitive and channelled releases are quantified by measurement or a reconciled solvent balance; do not equate all make-up solvent with air release.

• Selected flow: Extraction solvent, to air (candidate; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured release or reconciled solvent-balance result by release pathway
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_solvent_balance
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional solvent-release QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.05
  • Unit: kg/kg crude coconut oil
  • Basis: solvent released to air per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Crude-oil clarification and storage (crude_oil_clarification_storage)

Inputs

Product flows

Crude-oil intermediates (crude_oil_intermediate_input)

Pressed and, when applicable, solvent-extracted crude-oil streams are reconciled before clarification.

• Selected flow: Crude coconut oil, internal intermediate 8b18e824-f237-4a70-9127-ddabde706d15
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured combined mass entering clarification
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per clarification-process output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_quality

Clarification electricity (clarification_electricity)

Electricity for pumps, settling or centrifugation, filtration, and storage is recorded for the lot or period.

• Selected flow: Electricity, supplied (candidate; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: measured or allocated net purchased electricity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_by_process
• Range: Provisional clarification-electricity QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.5
  • Unit: kWh/kg crude coconut oil
  • Basis: clarification and storage electricity per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Filter aid and other clarification consumables (filter_aid_input)

Filter aid or other consumables are recorded when they cross the foreground boundary.

• Selected flow: Filter aid, unspecified (candidate; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured issued mass by material type
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_quality
• Range: Provisional filter-aid QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.05
  • Unit: kg/kg crude coconut oil
  • Basis: filter aid per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Crude coconut oil at oil-mill gate (crude_coconut_oil_output)

This is the quantitative reference flow. It is the net, unrefined crude coconut oil mass dispatched after clarification or filtration and storage.

• Selected flow: Coconut oil, crude 8b18e824-f237-4a70-9127-ddabde706d15
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: fixed reference output after measured lot normalization
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Not applicable (not_applicable)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Sources: codex-cxs-210-1999

Waste flows

Clarification solids and spent filter material (clarification_residue)

Retained solids, oil-bearing filter cake, and spent filter media are reported by treatment or recovery destination.

• Selected flow: Oil-bearing clarification residue (candidate; Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured residue mass by destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residuals_emissions
• Range: Provisional clarification-residue QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.1
  • Unit: kg/kg crude coconut oil
  • Basis: clarification residue per 1 kg crude coconut oil dispatched
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid_by_subdivision	Shared operations and utilities	First avoid allocation through process subdivision, submetering, lot tracking, or another physically defensible separation of copra preparation, pressing, optional solvent recovery, and clarification.	iso-14044-2006; eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_cake_meal	Crude coconut oil and saleable press cake or desolventised meal	When subdivision cannot resolve the joint operation, prefer a documented physical causal relationship. If none can be demonstrated, allocate by site-specific economic value using consistent net revenue at the same mill gate over a representative period; disclose prices, period, currency, allocation shares, and sensitivity to a mass-based result.	iso-14044-2006; eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_residual_status	Rejects, residues, recovered solvent, and wastes	Do not assign co-product credit to internal solvent recycle, internal rework, or material sent for disposal. Treat a residual as a co-product only when it meets a declared specification and has a documented beneficial destination and value.	iso-14044-2006; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
allocation_shared_services	Shared electricity, steam, water, treatment, and storage	Allocate shared services using measured consumption where possible; otherwise use a documented causal driver such as operating hours, throughput, heat duty, or discharge load and test material shared-service allocations for sensitivity.	iso-14044-2006; eu-pef-2021-2279

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_mass_quality	all mapped processes	copra, intermediates, oil, cake or meal, filter aid	weighbridge tickets, scale logs, tank gauges, transfer records, laboratory certificates	timestamp; lot_id; material_id; gross_mass; tare_mass; net_mass; moisture; impurities; FFA_or_acid_value; origin; destination; instrument_id	calibrated weighing or tank gauging with representative sampling and stated test method	kg; mass %; declared test unit	each receipt, transfer, and dispatch lot	at least one representative production year or complete declared campaign	each included mill and production line	reconcile opening stock + receipts - closing stock - transfers by lot and normalize to net dispatched oil	calibration records; sampling plan; laboratory method; stock reconciliation
cp_energy_by_process	all mapped processes	electricity, fuel, and purchased steam	meters, fuel invoices, boiler logs, run-time records	timestamp; process_id; carrier; meter_start; meter_end; fuel_mass_or_volume; heating_value; steam_mass; allocation_driver	submetering preferred; otherwise documented engineering allocation from shared meters	kWh; MJ; kg carrier	monthly and each production campaign	same period as product output	each included line; shared utility boundary declared	subtract exports, retain conversion factors, and allocate shared utilities by causal driver	meter calibration; invoices; fuel specification; allocation worksheet
cp_water_balance	solvent_oil_recovery and cleaning operations	make-up water, recirculated water, wastewater	water meters, tank records, discharge meters	timestamp; source; make_up_volume; recirculated_volume; discharge_volume; density; treatment_destination	meter boundary-crossing water and identify internal recycle separately	m3; kg	monthly and each production campaign	same period as product output	each included mill and discharge point	net make-up and discharge are separately normalized; internal recirculation is memo information	meter calibration; water-balance reconciliation; discharge record
cp_solvent_balance	solvent_oil_recovery	make-up solvent, recovered solvent, transfers, destruction, releases	purchase records, tank levels, recovery meters, stack tests, leak records	solvent_identity; opening_stock; receipts; closing_stock; recovered_recycle; offsite_transfer; destroyed_mass; measured_air_release; unexplained_loss	closed campaign mass balance supplemented by measured release-pathway data	kg	each campaign and monthly reconciliation	complete solvent-route operating period	each extraction and recovery system	reconcile all solvent inputs, inventories, recycle, transfers, destruction, and releases; do not assign all make-up to air	calibrated tank or flow meters; purchase records; leak survey; stack-test report; signed balance
cp_residuals_emissions	all mapped processes	rejects, wastes, residues, dust, direct releases	waste tickets, scales, stack tests, exhaust logs, treatment manifests	timestamp; row_id; mass; concentration; exhaust_flow; operating_time; destination; treatment; recovery_status	weigh residuals and calculate releases from measured concentration × flow × operating time where applicable	kg; mg/Nm3; Nm3/h; h	each shipment and monitoring event	same period as product output	each included source and destination	aggregate by row and destination, then normalize to dispatched oil	calibration; laboratory report; chain-of-custody or waste manifest
cp_coproduct_value	mechanical_oil_extraction and solvent_oil_recovery	allocation drivers for oil, cake, and meal	sales invoices, transfer prices, quantity records	product_id; quantity; specification; net_price; currency; date; destination; internal_transfer_basis	collect comparable mill-gate values net of separable downstream handling	kg; currency/kg	each transaction; summarized monthly	representative 12-month period or justified campaign	each included mill	calculate quantity-weighted net value using one currency and price basis	invoice sample; currency conversion; price-basis review

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	All inventory rows	normalized amount = period or lot amount / net kg of crude_coconut_oil_output dispatched for the same boundary and period	row amount; net crude-oil output	amount per 1 kg crude coconut oil	iso-14044-2006
calc_material_balance	Each process and whole mill	opening stocks + external receipts + internal transfers in = closing stocks + external outputs + internal transfers out + measured wastes and emissions + documented balance difference; internal transfers cancel at whole-mill level	mass and stock records	process and whole-mill balance plus unexplained difference	iso-14044-2006
calc_direct_air_release	Measured dust or solvent releases	released mass = concentration × dry or wet exhaust flow × operating time, with reference conditions and unit conversions documented	concentration; exhaust flow; operating time	kg released by pathway	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
calc_solvent_reconciliation	Solvent route	unexplained solvent loss = opening stock + receipts - closing stock - off-site transfers - documented destruction; report measured air/water/waste pathways separately and reconcile, without forcing the entire difference to air	solvent balance fields	kg solvent by fate and unexplained difference	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
calc_economic_allocation	Joint oil and saleable cake or meal	product value share = quantity × consistent net mill-gate price / sum of quantity × net price for all co-products; apply shares only after subdivision has been exhausted	product quantities; comparable prices; currency basis	allocation factors summing to 1	iso-14044-2006; eu-pef-2021-2279

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	Reference product and copra	Retain lot linkage, botanical origin as coconut kernel or copra, extraction route, unrefined status, and declared moisture, impurity, and FFA or acid-value test bases.	receiving records; product certificate; laboratory method; codex-cxs-210-1999
dq_temporal	Foreground inventory	Use at least one representative production year; a shorter complete campaign is allowed only for seasonal or batch production with dates, throughput, downtime, and representativeness justification disclosed.	dated meters, invoices, batch records, and production logs
dq_geography_technology	Foreground and upstream data	Identify mill location, copra origin, extraction technology, solvent use, energy carriers, and pollution controls; justify upstream datasets against those characteristics.	site metadata; supplier declarations; equipment list; dataset selection record
dq_completeness	Material, energy, water, wastes, and emissions	Reconcile all process maps and report missing, estimated, or allocated flows. Solvent, direct emissions, wastewater, and hazardous wastes cannot be omitted only because their mass is small.	process balance; utility reconciliation; solvent balance; waste manifests; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
dq_measurement	Collected foreground values	Identify instrument, calibration state, sampling method, test method, frequency, and any data substitution; preserve raw records and conversion factors.	calibration certificates; sampling plan; laboratory reports; calculation workbook
dq_estimate_replacement	Every provisional QA range	Treat reasoned_estimate ranges only as screening flags. Replace or confirm them with reviewed coconut-oil foreground evidence before active status; values outside a guardrail require investigation, not automatic rejection.	review record; site evidence; documented investigation

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	Reference flow	Require exactly 1 kg net output of Tiangong flow 8b18e824-f237-4a70-9127-ddabde706d15 with Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, unit group 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66, and all required qualifiers.	codex-cxs-210-1999
validate_scope_route	Process coverage	Require all required processes and require solvent_oil_recovery only when solvent extraction occurs; reject inclusion of refining inside the crude-oil unit process unless it is separately metered or allocated to a downstream dataset.	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
validate_internal_transfers	Process links	Require prepared copra, cake sent to extraction, and crude-oil intermediate inputs to reconcile with their corresponding outputs over the same lot or period.	iso-14044-2006
validate_material_balance	Each process and whole mill	Require a disclosed mass-balance difference and investigation of unexplained losses; do not silently close the balance by changing the reference output or assigning the difference to air.	iso-14044-2006
validate_energy_water	Utilities	Require carrier-specific energy, net make-up water, internal recirculation memo flows, and wastewater discharge to use consistent boundaries and conversions without double counting.	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
validate_solvent_route	Conditional solvent route	Require solvent identity and a reconciled balance covering make-up, inventories, recovered recycle, transfers, destruction, and measured releases; omission is an error when the route is included.	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
validate_allocation	Joint products and shared services	Require the allocation hierarchy, driver, values, period, factor sum, and sensitivity result to be disclosed whenever subdivision does not fully avoid allocation.	iso-14044-2006; eu-pef-2021-2279
validate_provisional_ranges	QA guardrails	Flag values outside a provisional reasoned_estimate QA guardrail for review. Do not substitute the guardrail midpoint or treat the range as an allowed conformance interval.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground production dataset for crude coconut oil at the oil-mill gate
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset after independent methodology and data-quality review
allowed_use	Cradle-to-gate or later life-cycle models that add representative upstream copra and utility datasets and downstream refining, transport, use, and end-of-life as required by goal and scope
excluded_use	Direct representation of virgin or refined coconut oil; direct consumer product claims; substitution for coconut cultivation or copra drying; comparative public claims without applicable review
required_metadata	PCR id; reference-flow UUID and qualifiers; mill and copra geography; production period; extraction route; included processes; upstream datasets; utility carriers; allocation method and factors; co-product status; quality test methods
required_quality_disclosure	Foreground coverage; measured, calculated, allocated, and estimated shares; mass- and solvent-balance differences; missing UUIDs; provisional range use; data age; laboratory and meter quality; exclusions and sensitivity results
update_trigger	Change in copra origin or preparation, extraction technology, solvent, energy system, co-product market, allocation driver, pollution control, product specification, or a material foreground value; or evidence showing provisional guardrails are no longer appropriate

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
codex-cxs-210-1999	standard	Codex Alimentarius, CXS 210-1999, Standard for Named Vegetable Oils, amended 2026, https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FStandards%252FCXS%2B210-1999%252FCXS_210e.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Coconut-oil identity, crude-oil status and quality-specification context
eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019	official_guidance	European Commission Joint Research Centre, Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Food, Drink and Milk Industries, 2019, https://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2020-01/JRC118627_FDM_Bref_2019_published.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Crude vegetable-oil process decomposition, separation from refining, utilities, solvent route, emissions, wastes, and co-products
iso-14044-2006	standard	ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines, confirmed 2022, https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html (retrieved 2026-08-11)	LCA scope, inventory consistency, allocation hierarchy, reporting, and review
eu-pef-2021-2279	official_guidance	European Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on the use of Environmental Footprint methods, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021H2279 (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Allocation disclosure, data quality, representativeness, and sensitivity expectations