Coconut oil, refined

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to bulk refined coconut oil leaving a refinery after a declared chemical-refining or physical-refining route. It covers refinery-gate production from received crude coconut oil through route-applicable pretreatment, degumming or neutralization, bleaching and filtration, deodorization, final polishing, cooling, and bulk storage or loading.

The category includes refined coconut oil derived from the kernel of Cocos nucifera L. for edible or declared technical markets when the dataset identifies the applicable product specification. It excludes crude coconut oil, virgin or cold-pressed coconut oil, hydrogenated or interesterified products, fractionated coconut-oil products, medium-chain triglyceride preparations, blends, formulated consumer products, retail packaging, distribution, use, and end-of-life. Cultivation, copra production, and crude-oil production are upstream background systems and are not part of the refinery foreground process unless the declared study boundary explicitly expands to include them.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.meat-fish-fruits-vegetables-oils-and-fats.coconut-oil-refined
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 21662, Coconut oil, refined (exact mapping context)
covered_products	Bulk refined coconut oil produced by declared chemical or physical refining; edible-grade or declared technical-grade material meeting its stated specification
excluded_products	Crude, virgin, cold-pressed, hydrogenated, interesterified, fractionated, blended, formulated, or retail-packaged coconut-oil products; isolated medium-chain triglyceride preparations
representative_product	Bulk refined coconut oil at the refinery gate
production_route	Received crude coconut oil; route-specific pretreatment and degumming or neutralization; bleaching and filtration; deodorization; polishing, cooling, and bulk storage/loading
market_state	Finished refined oil in bulk at the refinery gate, with edible or technical grade and packaging state declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provision of bulk refined coconut oil at the refinery gate
How much	1 kg net mass of refined coconut oil
How well	Refined coconut oil derived from coconut kernel, meeting the declared edible-grade or technical-grade specification and the declared contaminant-control requirements
How long or cycle	One production batch delivered at the refinery gate; no service duration applies
reference_flow_link	One kilogram of the declared finished refined coconut oil output from deodorization_finishing

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Coconut oil, refined 570397b9-62ae-4576-b584-56691c7fed08
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	coconut origin; refined state; chemical or physical refining route; edible or technical grade; applicable product specification; production site and geography; batch or averaging period; bulk or packaged state; allocation treatment for recovered oil, soapstock, spent bleaching earth, and deodorizer distillate

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	Finished refined coconut oil reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report net product mass excluding containers and normalize all inventory results to exactly 1 kg of conforming refined coconut oil at the refinery gate.
wet_mass_and_dry_matter	Crude oil, bleaching earth, soapstock, spent earth, and other moisture-bearing material streams	Mass	kg	Record as-received mass and, when moisture materially affects balance or allocation, retain moisture or dry-matter fraction and the sampling method; do not mix wet and dry bases.
energy_carrier_units	Purchased electricity, fuels, and steam	Energy or carrier-specific property	kWh, MJ, or kg steam as collected	Preserve the invoiced or metered unit, document lower/higher heating-value conventions for fuels, and convert only with an explicit factor and source.
water_accounting	Process, wash, cooling, and boiler-feed water	Volume or Mass	m3 or kg	Distinguish withdrawal, recirculation, evaporation, and discharged wastewater; do not count recirculated water as a new withdrawal on every pass.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Crude coconut oil received at the refinery inlet, with origin, supplier, water/moisture, free-fatty-acid and relevant precursor information declared where available
starting_condition_role	Upstream product input to the refinery foreground system
product_classification_scope	Refined coconut oil only; intermediates remain process-linked product flows and do not create separate refined-coconut-oil reference products
recursive_input_rule	If refined coconut oil is reworked within the refinery, record it as a separately identified rework input and exclude its earlier burdens from duplicate counting; purchased refined coconut oil must use an upstream dataset and must not be represented as crude coconut oil.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Use a geographically, temporally, and technologically representative upstream dataset for crude coconut oil and disclose whether cultivation, copra preparation, extraction, transport, and storage are included.
disclosure	Declare refinery route, batch or averaging period, site geography, crude-oil origin and quality, product grade/specification, co-product and waste destinations, treatment systems, allocation choices, recycled loops, and any excluded process.

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_refinery_gate	Foreground refinery system	Include all material and energy flows from crude-oil receipt through route-applicable degumming or neutralization, bleaching, deodorization, polishing, cooling, and bulk storage/loading; packaging and downstream distribution are excluded unless separately declared.	codex-cxc-79-2019; eu-fdm-bat-2019
boundary_route_disclosure	Chemical and physical refining routes	Model the actual route: chemical refining includes neutralization when performed, while physical refining omits neutralization and relies on degumming, bleaching, and deodorization; do not combine route inventories without a production-weighted calculation.	codex-cxc-79-2019
boundary_environmental_streams	Resource and emission inventory	Include water, energy, raw materials, wastewater, waste gas, residues, recovered materials, and treatment operations at the most appropriate process or installation level.	eu-fdm-bat-2019
boundary_contaminant_control	Degumming, bleaching, deodorization, and any post-refining treatment	Record process conditions and additional treatment that materially control 3-MCPDE and GE formation; the selected mitigation shall not be assumed identical across oil types or equipment.	codex-cxc-79-2019

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
receipt_pretreatment	Crude oil receipt and pretreatment	required	Always	Foreground receipt, storage, heating, washing or conditioning before refining	kg conditioned crude oil transferred
degumming_neutralization	Degumming and chemical neutralization	conditional	Include each operation actually performed; neutralization is normally absent from a physical-refining route	Foreground removal of phospholipids, free fatty acids, soaps, and precursor compounds	kg treated oil transferred
bleaching_filtration	Bleaching and filtration	required	Always; declare clay type and any activated post-refining earth separately	Foreground adsorption and solids separation	kg bleached oil transferred
deodorization_finishing	Deodorization and finishing	required	Always; include additional deodorization or post-treatment when performed	Foreground steam stripping, vacuum operation, polishing, cooling, and finished-oil output	1 kg refined coconut oil

Process: Crude oil receipt and pretreatment (receipt_pretreatment)

Inputs

Product flows

Crude coconut oil at refinery inlet (crude_coconut_oil_input)

Record the supplier-delivered crude coconut oil crossing the refinery foreground boundary, including tank inventory changes and recovered oil returned from an external operator.

• Selected flow: Crude coconut oil
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net crude coconut oil consumed by the batch or reporting period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined coconut oil output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_records
• Sources: codex-cxs-210-1999
• Range: Provisional crude-oil input screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1.00
  • Upper: 1.30
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg refined coconut oil output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Pretreatment water and additives (pretreatment_materials)

Record water and any citric acid, phosphoric acid, or other declared conditioning material actually consumed before degumming or bleaching; keep each material as a separate dataset exchange in implementation.

• Selected flow: Process water and declared pretreatment additives
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: metered water plus weighed or invoiced additive consumption, disaggregated by material
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined coconut oil output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_records
• Sources: codex-cxc-79-2019
• Range: Provisional combined pretreatment-material screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.25
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg refined coconut oil output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Conditioned crude coconut oil (conditioned_oil_output)

Calculate the oil transferred to the next route-specific operation from tank, transfer, and loss records.

• Selected flow: Conditioned crude coconut oil intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: opening inventory plus crude input minus closing inventory, separated residues, wastewater oil, and measured losses
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined coconut oil output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_intermediate_transfer_balance
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Waste flows

Pretreatment residues and wastewater (pretreatment_residues)

Record separated solids, tank bottoms, wash water, and oil recovered or lost with each stream; classify a stream as product, waste, or wastewater according to its actual destination.

• Selected flow: Pretreatment residues and wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass or Volume / kg or m3
• Amount rule: measured discharge, removal ticket, tank transfer, or mass-balance residual, disaggregated by destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined coconut oil output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residue_wastewater_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019
• Range: Provisional pretreatment-residue screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.30
  • Unit: kg or m3, reported separately
  • Basis: per 1 kg refined coconut oil output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Degumming and chemical neutralization (degumming_neutralization)

Inputs

Product flows

Conditioned oil feed (conditioned_oil_input)

Record the conditioned oil entering each route-applicable degumming or neutralization operation.

• Selected flow: Conditioned crude coconut oil intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer into the operation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg treated oil output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_intermediate_transfer_balance
• Sources: codex-cxc-79-2019

Degumming and neutralization materials (degumming_neutralization_materials)

Record water, acid, alkali, and other processing aids separately and only for operations actually performed.

• Selected flow: Water, degumming acid, alkali, and declared processing aids
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: metered, weighed, or invoiced consumption by material
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg treated oil output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_records
• Sources: codex-cxc-79-2019
• Range: Provisional route-material screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.20
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per kg treated oil output
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Degummed or neutralized oil (treated_oil_output)

Calculate treated oil delivered to bleaching after route-specific separation losses.

• Selected flow: Degummed or neutralized coconut oil intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: collected feed less measured gums, soapstock, wastewater oil, and other losses, reconciled to transfer meters
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg treated oil output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_intermediate_transfer_balance
• Sources: codex-cxc-79-2019

Waste flows

Gums, soapstock, and neutralization wastewater (gums_soapstock_wastewater)

Record gums, soapstock, acid oil, wastewater, and recovered oil separately, including destination and whether economic value is realized.

• Selected flow: Gums, soapstock, acid oil, and wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass or Volume / kg or m3
• Amount rule: measured separated mass, wastewater flow, and destination records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg treated oil output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residue_wastewater_records
• Sources: codex-cxc-79-2019; eu-fdm-bat-2019
• Range: Provisional separation-output screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.25
  • Unit: kg or m3, reported separately
  • Basis: per kg treated oil output
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Bleaching and filtration (bleaching_filtration)

Inputs

Product flows

Oil feed to bleaching (oil_feed_bleaching)

Record the actual route-specific oil entering the bleaching vessel.

• Selected flow: Degummed, neutralized, or otherwise conditioned coconut oil intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer into bleaching
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg bleached oil output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_intermediate_transfer_balance
• Sources: codex-cxc-79-2019

Bleaching earth and filter aids (bleaching_media_input)

Record bleaching clay, activated carbon, and filter aids by material; declare chlorine-related specifications when relevant to contaminant control.

• Selected flow: Bleaching earth and filter aids
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: weighed or invoiced material consumed, corrected for inventory change
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg bleached oil output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_records
• Sources: codex-cxc-79-2019
• Range: Provisional bleaching-media screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.001
  • Upper: 0.10
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per kg bleached oil output
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Bleaching energy (bleaching_energy)

Record electricity, steam, or fuel used for heating, vacuum, agitation, pumping, and filtration, disaggregated by carrier.

• Selected flow: Purchased electricity, steam, and fuels
• Flow property / unit: Energy or carrier-specific property / kWh, MJ, or kg
• Amount rule: process-metered use or allocated site utility records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg bleached oil output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utility_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019
• Range: Provisional bleaching-energy screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 5
  • Unit: MJ
  • Basis: per kg bleached oil output, all carriers converted and reported with factors
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Bleached oil (bleached_oil_output)

Calculate filtered bleached oil transferred to deodorization.

• Selected flow: Bleached coconut oil intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer reconciled with feed, media, spent earth, recovered oil, and other losses
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg bleached oil output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_intermediate_transfer_balance
• Sources: codex-cxc-79-2019

Waste flows

Spent bleaching earth and filtration residues (spent_bleaching_media)

Record wet spent earth, filter residues, recovered oil, and destination; avoid double counting recovered oil returned to the process.

• Selected flow: Spent bleaching earth and filtration residues
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured removal mass and recovered-oil transfer records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg bleached oil output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residue_wastewater_records
• Sources: codex-cxc-79-2019; eu-fdm-bat-2019
• Range: Provisional spent-media screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.001
  • Upper: 0.20
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per kg bleached oil output
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Deodorization and finishing (deodorization_finishing)

Inputs

Product flows

Bleached oil feed (bleached_oil_input)

Record bleached oil entering the deodorizer and any internal rework separately.

• Selected flow: Bleached coconut oil intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured fresh feed plus separately measured rework feed
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined coconut oil output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_intermediate_transfer_balance
• Sources: codex-cxc-79-2019
• Range: Provisional deodorizer-feed screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1.00
  • Upper: 1.15
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg refined coconut oil output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Stripping steam and deodorization energy (deodorization_utilities)

Record stripping steam, vacuum-system electricity, heating fuel or steam, pumping, polishing, and cooling energy separately by carrier.

• Selected flow: Stripping steam, electricity, and heating utilities
• Flow property / unit: Energy or carrier-specific property / kg steam, kWh, or MJ
• Amount rule: process-metered use or allocated site utility records with documented factors
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined coconut oil output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utility_records
• Sources: codex-cxc-79-2019; eu-fdm-bat-2019
• Range: Provisional deodorization-energy screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.05
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: MJ
  • Basis: per 1 kg refined coconut oil output, all carriers converted and reported with factors
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Cooling and process water (deodorization_water)

Record freshwater withdrawal, recirculated cooling water, boiler-feed water, condensate return, and makeup water as separate quantities.

• Selected flow: Cooling and process water
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered withdrawal and loop makeup, excluding recirculated passes from repeated withdrawal counting
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined coconut oil output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_wastewater_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019
• Range: Provisional water-withdrawal screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.05
  • Unit: m3
  • Basis: per 1 kg refined coconut oil output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Refined coconut oil reference product (refined_coconut_oil_output)

Record only conforming finished refined coconut oil at the refinery gate as the quantitative reference output.

• Selected flow: Coconut oil, refined 570397b9-62ae-4576-b584-56691c7fed08
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: exactly 1 kg net conforming product after normalization
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: PCR reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Sources: codex-cxs-210-1999

Deodorizer distillate or recovered fatty material (deodorizer_distillate)

Record condensable free fatty acids and volatile fatty material separately from uncontrolled air emissions, and declare whether it is a co-product, recovered material, or waste according to destination.

• Selected flow: Coconut-oil deodorizer distillate or recovered fatty material
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured receiver mass corrected for inventory change
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined coconut oil output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residue_wastewater_records
• Sources: codex-cxc-79-2019
• Range: Provisional distillate screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.10
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg refined coconut oil output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Refinery wastewater (refinery_wastewater)

Record net wastewater discharged after excluding recirculated water; characterize treatment route and relevant oil, organic, nutrient, chloride, conductivity, pH, temperature, and solids parameters when applicable.

• Selected flow: Refinery wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered discharge from the refinery system boundary
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined coconut oil output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_wastewater_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019
• Range: Indicative stand-alone vegetable-oil refining wastewater-discharge range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.00015
  • Upper: 0.0009
  • Unit: m3
  • Basis: per 1 kg oil produced, converted from 0.15-0.9 m3 per tonne oil produced
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
  • Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Elementary flows

Direct volatile releases from deodorization and storage (direct_air_releases)

Record measured or calculated uncaptured volatile organic compounds and other direct releases to air; do not duplicate material captured as distillate or routed to treatment.

• Selected flow: Relevant direct emissions to air, reported as elementary flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: stack or vent measurement, validated engineering calculation, or pollutant-specific mass balance
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined coconut oil output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_emission_monitoring_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019
• Range: Provisional direct-air-release screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.01
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg refined coconut oil output, summed only after pollutant identities remain distinguishable
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid	Multi-output refinery processes	First avoid allocation through process subdivision and separately metered inventories; use system expansion only when the added function and substituted product are demonstrable and consistent with the study goal.	eu-pef-method-2021
allocation_physical	Unavoidable co-product allocation	When subdivision or system expansion is not feasible, use a documented physical relationship that reflects causation; simple mass allocation is allowed only when mass is the relevant physical relationship.	eu-pef-method-2021
allocation_other_relation	Cases without a defensible physical relationship	Use another documented relationship, such as economic value, only after the prior options fail; use a representative price period and disclose price source, currency, geography, and sensitivity.	eu-pef-method-2021
allocation_waste_recovery	Soapstock, acid oil, recovered oil, spent bleaching earth, distillate, and other residues	Classify each output from its actual destination and economic function. Do not assign co-product credit to a waste stream without evidence of a substituted function, and do not double count internally recovered oil.	eu-pef-method-2021; eu-fdm-bat-2019

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_mass_records	receipt_pretreatment; degumming_neutralization; bleaching_filtration	Raw oils, water, acids, alkali, bleaching media, and filter aids	Weighbridge, calibrated tank, batch sheet, purchase, and inventory record	material_id; supplier; batch_id; opening_stock; receipts; returns; closing_stock; measured_mass; moisture_or_concentration; timestamp	Reconcile calibrated measurements and stock movements by material and batch or reporting period	kg; concentration fraction	Each batch, aggregated monthly	Representative production period, normally 12 consecutive months	All foreground refinery units and storage tanks	Consumption = opening stock + receipts - returns - closing stock; normalize only after the conforming product mass is known	Calibration record; stock reconciliation; supplier specification; batch authorization
cp_intermediate_transfer_balance	all foreground processes	Intermediate oil feed and output	Tank gauge, mass-flow meter, batch transfer, and loss record	process_id; batch_id; opening_inventory; input_transfer; output_transfer; closing_inventory; recovered_oil; residue_oil; timestamp	Reconcile each transfer across adjacent processes and investigate unmatched transfers	kg	Each batch	Same period as the represented production	All intermediate oil tanks and transfer points	Intermediate output = opening + inputs - closing - separated outputs - documented losses	Meter calibration; tank strapping table; signed batch reconciliation
cp_utility_records	all foreground processes	Electricity, fuel, steam, and process heat	Submeter, boiler record, invoice, and operating-hour allocation	carrier; meter_start; meter_end; import; export; steam_mass; pressure; temperature; fuel_mass_or_volume; heating_value_basis; process_hours	Prefer process meters; allocate common utilities using a causal driver and disclose the allocation	kWh; MJ; kg steam; carrier unit	Continuous or per batch, aggregated monthly	Same period as the represented production	Foreground refinery and shared utilities used by it	Net use by carrier; convert with documented factors; no summation across unlike units before conversion	Meter calibration; invoice reconciliation; boiler efficiency and conversion-factor record
cp_water_wastewater_records	all foreground processes	Water withdrawal, recirculation, condensate, and wastewater	Water meter, loop balance, effluent meter, and laboratory analysis	source; withdrawal; recirculation; makeup; condensate_return; discharge; pH; temperature; COD_or_TOC; TSS; chloride; conductivity; sample_time	Measure net withdrawal and discharge and retain route-specific water balance and sampling results	m3; parameter-specific units	Continuous flow where available; quality sampling at the applicable regulatory or management frequency	Same period as the represented production, with sampling dates retained	Refinery water system and discharge points	Net withdrawal excludes recirculated passes; discharge is normalized to conforming product	Meter calibration; laboratory method; chain of custody; water-balance closure
cp_residue_wastewater_records	all foreground processes	Residues, co-products, recovered materials, and wastes	Receiver weight, removal ticket, laboratory result, and destination record	stream_id; mass_or_volume; moisture; oil_content; destination; economic_value; waste_code_if_applicable; timestamp	Record each destination separately and reconcile recovered oil to internal returns	kg or m3	Each batch or shipment	Same period as the represented production	All foreground separation and waste handling points	Sum by stream identity and destination; do not net saleable and disposed fractions	Calibrated scale; transporter receipt; treatment or sale record; laboratory result
cp_emission_monitoring_records	deodorization_finishing	Direct air releases	Stack/vent measurement or engineering calculation based on collected operating data	pollutant; concentration; gas_flow; operating_time; capture_efficiency; calculation_inputs; method; timestamp	Apply relevant monitoring method at identified emission points and retain raw results	kg pollutant; concentration and flow units	Campaign-specific or applicable monitoring frequency	Representative operating campaigns within the production period	Deodorizer, vacuum, storage, and treatment vents within the boundary	Emission = measured concentration x flow x time or validated mass-balance result; subtract captured material only once	Sampling report; instrument calibration; calculation review; treatment performance record
cp_product_quality_records	deodorization_finishing	Conforming refined coconut oil	Certificate of analysis, batch release, and specification record	batch_id; origin; grade; specification; fatty_acid_profile; acidity; peroxide_value; moisture_and_volatiles; contaminants_if_required; release_status	Test or verify against the declared market specification using applicable methods	parameter-specific units	Each released batch or justified lot grouping	All released batches represented by the production period	Finished product tanks and loading points	Only released conforming mass enters the reference output	Laboratory accreditation or method record; signed certificate of analysis; release decision

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	Every inventory row	normalized quantity = period or batch quantity / net conforming refined coconut oil output in kg	collected row quantity; conforming product mass	quantity per 1 kg reference product	eu-fdm-bat-2019
calc_oil_mass_balance	Each oil-processing stage and the combined refinery	opening oil inventory + oil-bearing inputs = closing oil inventory + intermediate/final oil outputs + measured oil in residues/wastewater + documented losses; report unresolved residual separately	transfer, stock, residue oil, recovered oil, and product records	stage and refinery mass-balance closure	eu-fdm-bat-2019
calc_water_balance	Refinery water system	net withdrawal = gross withdrawal - returned water received from outside the reporting system; report recirculation, evaporation, condensate return, and discharge separately	water meter and loop records	water inventory per reference flow	eu-fdm-bat-2019
calc_allocation_factor	Unavoidable burden allocation	selected allocation factor for output i = documented physical or other relationship value for output i / sum of the same relationship values for all co-products; apply consistently to shared inputs and emissions	subdivision result; co-product quantities; physical relation or economic values	disclosed allocation factors and allocated inventory	eu-pef-method-2021

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	Reference product and upstream crude oil	Verify coconut origin, refined/crude state, route, grade, specification, and Tiangong reference-flow identity; prevent substitution with palm-kernel oil, virgin coconut oil, or generic vegetable oil.	Product specification; supplier record; batch certificate; flow UUID verification
dq_temporal	Foreground data	Use a continuous representative period, normally at least 12 months where operations are not campaign-limited; disclose shutdowns, abnormal events, and shorter periods.	Dated meter, batch, invoice, and production records
dq_technology	Refinery route	Keep chemical and physical refining data separate unless production-weighted from documented output; identify degumming chemistry, neutralization status, bleaching media, deodorizer configuration, temperature, pressure/vacuum, residence time, and post-treatment.	Process flow sheet; operating log; production-weight calculation; codex-cxc-79-2019
dq_geography	Site and upstream datasets	Use site geography for foreground operations and representative geographies for crude oil, electricity, fuels, water, treatment, and transport.	Site metadata; supplier origin; background dataset metadata
dq_precision_completeness	Material, utility, residue, wastewater, and air inventories	Reconcile oil and water balances; quantify data gaps; document measurement uncertainty, allocation, and important exclusions; evaluate technological, geographical and time representativeness plus precision.	Balance reports; calibration; gap register; DQR record; eu-pef-method-2021; eu-fdm-bat-2019
dq_product_conformance	Finished refined coconut oil	Retain a batch release or certificate showing conformity with the declared product specification; when marketed for food, apply the relevant Codex or jurisdictional composition, contaminant, hygiene, and analysis requirements.	Certificate of analysis; declared standard; codex-cxs-210-1999

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	Reference flow	The dataset shall contain exactly one quantitative-reference output using Coconut oil, refined 570397b9-62ae-4576-b584-56691c7fed08, Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66, and 1 kg after normalization.	codex-cxs-210-1999
validate_required_qualifiers	Dataset metadata	All required qualifiers shall be present and mutually consistent; crude, virgin, cold-pressed, hydrogenated, interesterified, fractionated, blended, or isolated MCT products fail category identity.	codex-cxs-210-1999
validate_route_processes	Process map and inventory	Receipt/pretreatment, bleaching/filtration, and deodorization/finishing shall be represented; degumming and neutralization shall match the declared route, and all exclusions or combined operations shall be justified.	codex-cxc-79-2019
validate_inventory_coverage	Foreground exchanges	The dataset shall account for crude oil, route-specific processing materials, electricity and thermal utilities, water, refined oil, intermediate transfers, residues/co-products, wastewater, direct emissions, and treatment destinations, or explicitly justify a non-applicable stream.	eu-fdm-bat-2019
validate_mass_balance	Oil-bearing streams	Oil mass balances shall close within the declared measurement uncertainty; residual imbalance shall be quantified, investigated, and not hidden by allocation or normalization.	eu-fdm-bat-2019
validate_water_range	Net refinery wastewater	Compare net discharge with the 0.00015-0.0009 m3/kg indicative stand-alone refining range; values outside it trigger review but do not automatically invalidate a site-specific dataset.	eu-fdm-bat-2019
validate_contaminant_controls	Refining conditions and product release	Record route-specific precursor assessment and deodorization conditions relevant to 3-MCPDE and GE control, and retain evidence that mitigation remains compatible with the declared product quality.	codex-cxc-79-2019; codex-cxs-210-1999
validate_allocation	Multi-output operations	Confirm the hierarchy of subdivision/system expansion, relevant physical relationship, then other relationship; all factors, values, destinations, and sensitivities shall be reproducible and internally recovered oil shall not receive duplicate credit.	eu-pef-method-2021
validate_data_quality	Foreground and linked background data	Confirm temporal, technological, geographical, and precision evidence, source traceability, calibration, batch/product conformance, and disclosure of gaps and provisional ranges.	eu-pef-method-2021; eu-fdm-bat-2019

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground refinery-gate production dataset for bulk refined coconut oil
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset after review and publication
allowed_use	Attributional LCA of products using refined coconut oil; supplier or site comparisons with harmonized route, boundary, allocation, product grade, geography, and data quality; linkage into broader cradle-to-gate models
excluded_use	Virgin/cold-pressed oil, palm-kernel oil, fractionated or isolated MCT products, retail packaged oil without added packaging/distribution, consequential claims without an appropriate market model, or public comparative claims without review
required_metadata	PCR id/version; flow UUID; product and grade; applicable specification; chemical/physical route; site/geography; reference period; technology; crude-oil origin and upstream boundary; allocation; co-product/waste destinations; product quality release; data sources
required_quality_disclosure	Foreground coverage; meter/calibration status; oil and water balance; route weighting; data gaps; provisional estimates; uncertainty; background dataset representativeness; allocation sensitivity; deviations from this PCR
update_trigger	Change in feed origin or quality, refining route, degumming/neutralization practice, bleaching media, deodorizer conditions, energy or water system, contaminant controls, co-product destination, allocation basis, product specification, site geography, or evidence that makes a provisional range obsolete

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
codex-cxs-210-1999	standard	FAO and WHO, Codex Alimentarius, Standard for Named Vegetable Oils, CXS 210-1999, amended 2024 with 2026 correction, https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fworkspace.fao.org%2Fsites%2Fcodex%2FStandards%2FCXS%2B210-1999%2FCXS_210e.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-10)	Coconut-oil identity, edible-market specification, composition and quality conformity, contaminants, hygiene, labelling, and analysis
codex-cxc-79-2019	official_guidance	FAO and WHO, Codex Alimentarius, Code of Practice for the Reduction of 3-MCPDEs and GEs in Refined Oils and Food Products Made with Refined Oils, CXC 79-2019, https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fworkspace.fao.org%2Fsites%2Fcodex%2FStandards%2FCXC%2B79-2019%2FCXC_079e.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-10)	Chemical and physical refining decomposition; degumming, neutralization, bleaching and deodorization rules; precursor assessment and contaminant mitigation
eu-fdm-bat-2019	official_guidance	European Commission, Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/2031 establishing BAT conclusions for the food, drink and milk industries, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2019/2031/oj (retrieved 2026-08-10)	Inventory of water, energy, raw materials, wastewater, waste gas and residues; monitoring and resource-efficiency rules; indicative stand-alone refining wastewater range
eu-pef-method-2021	official_guidance	European Commission, Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on Environmental Footprint methods, consolidated and corrected text, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02021H2279-20211230 (retrieved 2026-08-10)	Multifunctionality hierarchy, allocation disclosure, life-cycle data quality, representativeness, precision, and verification