Cottonseed oil, refined

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR governs foreground data packages for bulk refined cottonseed oil made from crude oil derived from cultivated Gossypium species. The foreground boundary starts when crude cottonseed oil is received at the refinery and ends with conforming refined oil in bulk storage at the refinery gate. Chemical refining and physical refining routes are covered when their actual unit operations and inputs are declared. Winterization is included only when used to meet a declared cold-stability or salad-oil specification.

Cotton cultivation, ginning, cottonseed preparation, pressing or solvent extraction, and crude-oil production are upstream and require linked datasets. Packaging, distribution, retail, cooking or other use, and end-of-life are downstream. Hydrogenated, interesterified, fractionated, blended, formulated, or non-food cottonseed-oil products are excluded unless represented by a separate declared downstream process. This PCR does not prescribe unsupported default plant performance; primary refinery records produce inventory amounts.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.meat-fish-fruits-vegetables-oils-and-fats.cottonseed-oil-refined
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 21682 (Cottonseed oil, refined)
covered_products	Bulk edible refined cottonseed oil derived from cultivated Gossypium species; chemically or physically refined; winterized or non-winterized when declared
excluded_products	Crude cottonseed oil; cottonseed meal; hydrogenated, interesterified, fractionated, blended, formulated, or non-food oils; packaged consumer product unless packaging is modelled separately
representative_product	Refined cottonseed oil suitable for human consumption at the refinery gate
production_route	Receipt and storage of crude cottonseed oil; route-specific degumming and free-fatty-acid removal; bleaching and filtration; deodorization; conditional winterization; final filtration and bulk storage
market_state	Bulk finished oil at refinery gate, with refining route, winterization status, additives, quality specification, geography, and reporting period declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Refined cottonseed oil providing edible vegetable oil as a bulk food ingredient
How much	1 kg net mass of conforming refined cottonseed oil
How well	Derived from cultivated Gossypium species, suitable for human consumption, and meeting the declared applicable product specification and test methods
How long or cycle	At the refinery gate after one declared batch, campaign, or continuous reporting period; shelf life and use are outside this reference function
reference_flow_link	The amount of bulk refined cottonseed oil released from final quality control and transferred to refinery-gate storage

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Cottonseed oil, refined 5c448d72-c368-4fd2-a3d0-e1cc73572241
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	Gossypium-derived identity; refinery geography; crude-oil production route and upstream dataset; chemical or physical refining route; winterization status; bulk or packaging status; additives or antioxidants; declared product specification and test methods; reporting period

When constructing a foreground data package, every required qualifier must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, the reference-flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data-package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference-flow definition incomplete.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	Refined cottonseed oil reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report net oil mass, excluding transport and storage packaging; normalize all foreground amounts to 1 kg or 1,000 kg of released reference product.
material_mass_basis	Crude oil, water, chemicals, residues, wastewater, and recovered co-products	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Preserve measured mass; when volume is the primary record, retain temperature, density source, concentration, and the volume-to-mass calculation.
electricity_energy_basis	Purchased or generated electricity used by the refinery	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	kWh or MJ	Preserve meter units and convert with 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ; do not treat the energy-property UUID as the Mass property.
steam_basis	Purchased or generated steam used for heating, vacuum, stripping, or winterization support	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg steam	Record steam mass plus pressure, temperature, condensate return, and generation source; if thermal energy is calculated, retain the enthalpy method and avoid double counting boiler fuel.
solution_concentration_basis	Alkali, acid, antioxidant, and other formulated aids	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg solution and kg active substance	Record supplied solution mass and concentration; calculate active-substance mass without replacing the purchased-solution inventory.

5. System Boundary

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_gate_to_gate	Foreground refinery	Include crude-oil receipt and storage, the actual degumming/free-fatty-acid-removal route, washing and drying when used, bleaching and filtration, deodorization, conditional winterization, final filtration, quality control, and bulk storage up to the refinery gate.	epa-vegetable-oil-voc-1978; fsanz-cot102-2004
boundary_upstream_link	Crude cottonseed oil input	Keep crude cottonseed oil as a visible product input and link a separate upstream dataset covering cottonseed production and oil extraction; where solvent extraction is used, that upstream dataset must include solvent make-up, recovery, and releases.	us-epa-vegetable-oil-neshap; fsanz-cot102-2004
boundary_route_specific	Chemical and physical refining	Include only the route actually operated; do not simultaneously model caustic neutralization and physical steam stripping as mandatory parallel treatments unless both occur and records demonstrate them.	epa-vegetable-oil-voc-1978
boundary_environmental_exchanges	Refinery operations	Include site electricity, fuel or steam, process and cleaning water, chemicals and adsorbents, direct air emissions, wastewater, recovered materials, and solid residues attributable to the reporting period.	eu-fdm-bref-2019
boundary_exclusions	Downstream and modified products	Exclude packaging, distribution, retail, use, end-of-life, hydrogenation, interesterification, fractionation, blending, and formulation unless explicitly added as separate processes for the study goal.	codex-cxs-210-1999

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Crude cottonseed oil received into refinery custody, with supplier, mass, water/impurity condition, free-fatty-acid or acid-value result, lot or tank, and upstream dataset reference declared
starting_condition_role	Purchased intermediate product and foreground refining feedstock
product_classification_scope	Refined cottonseed oil; CPC 3.0 21682 is classification context, not canonical identity ownership
recursive_input_rule	If refined cottonseed oil is reprocessed or blended into the foreground, record it as a separate same-category product input with quantity, origin, previous processing, and reason; never collapse it into the reference output or silently recurse.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Use a geographically, temporally, and technologically representative crude-cottonseed-oil dataset that includes cottonseed burdens, pressing and/or solvent extraction, crude-oil yield, meal and other co-products, and upstream allocation.
disclosure	Declare refinery geography, reporting period, crude-oil origin and upstream dataset, refining route, winterization status, utilities, co-product treatment, allocation method, packaging exclusion or inclusion, quality specification, and any substituted background data.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
cottonseed_oil_refining	Cottonseed oil refining; Tiangong process 921c799b-2836-454b-8d99-481b33bc504a	required	Always required for this PCR; individual unit operations are route-specific and winterization is conditional on product specification	Foreground conversion of crude cottonseed oil to conforming bulk refined cottonseed oil	1,000 kg released refined cottonseed oil

Process: Cottonseed oil refining (cottonseed_oil_refining)

Inputs

Product flows

Crude cottonseed oil feedstock (crude_cottonseed_oil)

Crude cottonseed oil crosses the refinery boundary as the primary intermediate input. The amount comes from calibrated receipt or transfer records reconciled to tank inventory.

• Selected flow: Crude cottonseed oil (exact Tiangong UUID unresolved; do not substitute cottonseed seed flow a60671ff-7325-4636-9fba-bcc5f6afaeeb)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured net crude-oil input allocated to the reporting period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released refined cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_receipts
• Sources: fsanz-cot102-2004
• Range: Provisional crude-oil mass-balance screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1000
  • Upper: 1250
  • Unit: kg crude oil
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released refined cottonseed oil
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process and wash water (process_water)

Water used for degumming, washing, steam-system make-up, and product-contact cleaning is recorded without netting wastewater or condensate return.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured metered water attributable to the foreground process, separated by use where possible
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released refined cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utility_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional water-use screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 500
  • Unit: kg water
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released refined cottonseed oil; excludes steam mass counted separately
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Degumming acid (degumming_acid)

Phosphoric acid or another declared degumming aid is recorded only when used; supplied concentration and active-acid mass remain distinguishable.

• Selected flow: Orthophosphoric Acid 9102d985-3980-4e5d-a870-f5164ff2e977
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg supplied product and kg active acid
• Amount rule: measured purchased or dosed mass and concentration for batches using acid degumming
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released refined cottonseed oil for the applicable route
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_additive_records
• Sources: epa-vegetable-oil-voc-1978
• Range: Provisional degumming-aid screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 50
  • Unit: kg supplied product
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released refined cottonseed oil
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Sodium hydroxide for chemical neutralization (sodium_hydroxide)

Alkali is recorded only for chemical refining. Physical refining without caustic neutralization reports zero and documents the route.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide e0abcced-0611-4c24-9290-5a2c5a0c4169
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg supplied solution and kg active NaOH
• Amount rule: measured solution dose and concentration for chemical neutralization
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released refined cottonseed oil for the chemical-refining route
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_additive_records
• Sources: epa-vegetable-oil-voc-1978
• Range: Provisional alkali-use screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg supplied solution
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released refined cottonseed oil
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Bleaching earth (bleaching_earth)

Fresh activated clay or equivalent adsorbent used for bleaching is recorded separately from spent adsorbent output.

• Selected flow: Bleaching earth 7c9494b2-6b2f-496b-b140-acc13c4c90d9
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured adsorbent charged to the bleaching operation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released refined cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_additive_records
• Sources: epa-vegetable-oil-voc-1978
• Range: Provisional adsorbent-use screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg bleaching earth
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released refined cottonseed oil
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Electricity (electricity)

Metered electricity covers pumps, mixing, centrifugation, filtration, vacuum auxiliaries, cooling, winterization when used, and allocated shared services.

• Selected flow: alternating current, electricity consumption mix, 1-35 kV 3d76981f-964a-4865-b588-0e067a2a1163
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kWh
• Amount rule: measured meter consumption plus a documented allocation of shared electricity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released refined cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utility_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional electricity-use screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 500
  • Unit: kWh
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released refined cottonseed oil
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Steam (steam)

Steam used for heating, drying, vacuum systems, and deodorization is recorded by mass; boiler fuel is linked only when steam is generated inside the foreground boundary.

• Selected flow: Steam 293f9fd9-5182-4d35-8aa5-ce73d4f322b7
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg steam
• Amount rule: measured steam supplied less separately measured returned condensate only when the selected steam dataset requires netting
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released refined cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utility_records
• Sources: epa-vegetable-oil-voc-1978; eu-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional steam-use screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 3000
  • Unit: kg steam
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released refined cottonseed oil
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

No waste input is required by default. Reprocessed off-spec oil is a same-category product input, not an anonymous waste input.

Elementary flows

No elementary input is prescribed as a fixed amount. Site water abstraction and on-site fuel resources are represented when they cross the environment boundary directly rather than through selected product-flow datasets.

Outputs

Product flows

Refined cottonseed oil (refined_cottonseed_oil)

Released bulk refined oil is the quantitative reference and must pass the declared product specification.

• Selected flow: Cottonseed oil, refined 5c448d72-c368-4fd2-a3d0-e1cc73572241
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: fixed quantitative reference of 1,000 kg after final quality release
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Source rule (source_rule)
• Sources: codex-cxs-210-1999
• Range: Fixed quantitative reference
  • Range role: Allowed range (allowed_range)
  • Lower: 1000
  • Upper: 1000
  • Unit: kg released refined cottonseed oil
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released refined cottonseed oil
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Source rule (source_rule)

Recovered refinery co-products (recovered_refinery_coproducts)

Soapstock or acid oil, deodorizer distillate, recovered oil, and winterization stearin are separate product outputs only when they have a documented function, quantity, destination, and positive economic value; otherwise classify them under the applicable waste flow.

• Selected flow: Route-specific recovered refinery co-product (exact Tiangong UUID required for each declared output)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass by named output and destination; zero when not produced or when classified as waste
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released refined cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_and_residue_records
• Sources: eu-pef-method-2021
• Range: Provisional recovered-output screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 250
  • Unit: kg total recovered co-products
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released refined cottonseed oil
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Spent bleaching earth and filter residues (spent_adsorbent_and_filter_residue)

Spent adsorbent, filter cake, and polishing residues are recorded by mass, retained oil, hazard classification, and treatment destination.

• Selected flow: Spent bleaching earth and filter residues (refinery-specific Tiangong waste-flow UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured dispatched mass, corrected only for documented stock change
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released refined cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_and_residue_records
• Sources: epa-vegetable-oil-voc-1978; eu-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional solid-residue screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 150
  • Unit: kg residue
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released refined cottonseed oil
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Refinery wastewater (refinery_wastewater)

Wastewater from degumming, neutralization, washing, cleaning, and utility systems is recorded before or after treatment as declared. The unrelated Tiangong candidate d2d44ce1-c0f4-461d-9413-f4b33e0d200f must not be used.

• Selected flow: Edible-oil refinery wastewater (exact Tiangong waste-flow UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured discharge mass or metered volume converted using documented density, with treatment stage and destination declared
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released refined cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_and_residue_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional wastewater screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1000
  • Unit: kg wastewater
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released refined cottonseed oil
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Direct air and water emissions (direct_emissions)

Record measured or calculated direct emissions from on-site fuel combustion, deodorization and vacuum systems, storage vents, wastewater treatment, and refrigerant systems when these cross the environment boundary. Use pollutant-specific Tiangong elementary flows selected during dataset construction; do not create a generic aggregate emission.

• Selected flow: Pollutant-specific elementary flows selected from verified site records
• Flow property / unit: pollutant-specific mass or energy property / compatible unit
• Amount rule: measured continuous or periodic monitoring result, permit inventory, or transparent calculation from collected activity data and an identified factor
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released refined cottonseed oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_emissions_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bref-2019; us-epa-vegetable-oil-neshap

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivision_first	Refinery unit operations and dedicated batches	Avoid allocation by collecting unit-operation, batch, tank, and meter records that directly assign inputs, outputs, wastes, and emissions to the refined-oil route.	eu-pef-method-2021
allocation_physical_relation	Shared foreground burdens that cannot be subdivided	Allocate only by a documented, quantifiable physical relationship that reflects how the shared input or emission is caused; mass allocation is not automatic merely because all outputs are measured in kg.	eu-pef-method-2021
allocation_economic_fallback	Marketable co-products without a defensible physical relationship	If subdivision and a relevant physical relationship are not feasible, use economic allocation based on contemporaneous plant-gate values for the specific reporting period and disclose prices, currency, averaging, zero-value outputs, and sensitivity.	eu-pef-method-2021
allocation_waste_classification	Soapstock, acid oil, deodorizer distillate, winterization solids, spent earth, and residues	Treat an output as a co-product only when function, positive economic value, mass, and destination are documented; otherwise retain it as a waste output with treatment burdens and no avoided-product credit in the attributional foreground package.	eu-pef-method-2021
allocation_upstream_separation	Crude cottonseed oil input	Do not reallocate cotton cultivation, ginning, extraction, cottonseed meal, or lint burdens inside the refining foreground; preserve the allocation already declared by the linked crude-oil dataset and report its method.	eu-pef-method-2021

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_receipts	cottonseed_oil_refining	crude cottonseed oil input	weighbridge, calibrated tank transfer, invoice, and laboratory receipt record	timestamp; supplier; lot/tank; gross/net mass; water/impurities; acid value or FFA; origin; upstream dataset	reconcile receipts, transfers, opening stock, and closing stock	kg	each receipt or transfer	all foreground batches in reporting period	all included refinery lines and tanks	net input = receipts + transfers in - transfers out + opening stock - closing stock	calibration certificate; signed receipt; tank table; laboratory result; stock reconciliation
cp_additive_records	cottonseed_oil_refining	acid, alkali, bleaching earth, antioxidant, and other aids	batch sheet, dosing meter, inventory issue, supplier specification	timestamp; batch; material identity; Tiangong flow; supplied mass; concentration; active mass; operation	reconcile dosing and stock movements by unit operation	kg supplied product; kg active substance	each batch or continuous dosing interval	all foreground batches in reporting period	all included dosing systems and unit operations	sum by material and route, then normalize to released product	calibrated dosing device; supplier certificate; inventory reconciliation
cp_utility_records	cottonseed_oil_refining	water, electricity, steam, fuel, cooling, and refrigeration	utility meter, boiler log, invoice, condensate and refrigerant log	timestamp; meter; opening/closing reading; unit; line; operating hours; steam conditions; condensate return; allocation driver	use dedicated meters first; document shared-utility allocation	kg water; kWh; kg steam; MJ fuel; kg refrigerant	shift, day, batch, or billing interval	representative full reporting period	all included operations and shared services	difference meter readings, correct resets, subtract excluded uses, normalize to released product	meter calibration; invoice; boiler log; allocation worksheet
cp_output_and_residue_records	cottonseed_oil_refining	refined oil, recovered outputs, wastewater, spent earth, filter cake, and other residues	tank transfer, dispatch, weighbridge, wastewater meter, manifest, and stock record	timestamp; batch; output identity; mass/volume; density; stock change; destination; economic value; waste classification; treatment	reconcile all outputs and inventory change on a wet and dry basis where relevant	kg; m3 with density; currency/kg	each transfer or dispatch	all foreground batches in reporting period	all included output tanks, lines, and treatment destinations	output = dispatch + closing stock - opening stock; retain each output separately	quality release; weighbridge ticket; waste manifest; meter calibration; sales document
cp_emissions_records	cottonseed_oil_refining	direct emissions to air and water	CEMS, stack test, wastewater analysis, refrigerant log, fuel record, permit report	pollutant; medium; concentration; flow; duration; activity; factor; method; detection limit; treatment status	integrate measurements or calculate transparently from collected activity data and identified factors	pollutant-specific kg or MJ	monitoring or permit frequency	all operating and upset periods in reporting period	all included emission sources and treatment systems	aggregate by pollutant and medium, then normalize to released product	accredited laboratory report; instrument QA; permit submission; factor citation

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalize_reference_output	All foreground rows	normalized amount = reporting-period amount / released refined-oil mass × 1,000 kg	reconciled row amount; released reference-product mass	amount per 1,000 kg refined cottonseed oil
active_substance_mass	Acid, alkali, antioxidant, and formulated aids	active mass = supplied-solution mass × mass-fraction concentration; retain both supplied and active mass	supplied mass; concentration certificate or measured concentration	kg supplied product and kg active substance
water_volume_to_mass	Water and wastewater recorded by volume	mass = measured volume × documented density at declared temperature; do not assume 1,000 kg/m3 when salinity or oil content makes that assumption material	volume; density; temperature	kg water or wastewater	eu-fdm-bref-2019
electricity_conversion	Electricity records	MJ = kWh × 3.6; retain the original meter record and conversion direction	kWh	MJ
steam_thermal_energy	Steam when energy is reported	thermal energy = steam mass × (supply specific enthalpy - returned-condensate specific enthalpy), using declared pressure and temperature	kg steam; supply/return conditions; enthalpy source	MJ useful steam energy
foreground_mass_balance	Refinery reporting period	Compare crude-oil, chemical, and water inputs with refined oil, recovered products, residues, wastewater, direct releases, and inventory changes; investigate rather than force-close unexplained imbalance.	all mass-bearing inputs, outputs, and stock changes	documented mass-balance residual and explanation

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	Reference product	Match product name, CPC context, Gossypium origin, Tiangong reference-flow UUID, refining route, winterization status, and quality specification.	quality release; supplier and product specification; Tiangong identity lookup
dq_temporal	Foreground reporting period	Cover a representative continuous period or complete campaign including normal operation, cleaning, start-up, shutdown, and documented upset exclusions.	production calendar; batch register; meter coverage; exclusion log
dq_completeness	Foreground inventory	Reconcile crude oil, released oil, recovered outputs, solid residues, wastewater, utilities, chemicals, direct emissions, and stock changes; disclose excluded flows and their materiality.	mass balance; utility balance; waste register; completeness checklist
dq_quality_specification	Released refined oil	Report the applicable specification and methods. When CXS 210-1999 is the declared basis, include at least the applicable refined-oil acid value, peroxide value, matter volatile, insoluble impurities, soap, iron, and copper checks, plus cottonseed-oil identity testing.	laboratory certificate; codex-cxs-210-1999
dq_geography_technology	Background links and shared services	Use geography- and technology-representative datasets; document any proxy for crude oil, electricity, steam, chemicals, wastewater treatment, or waste treatment.	dataset metadata; supplier source; substitution statement
dq_uncertainty	Estimated, allocated, or converted values	Label measured, calculated, allocated, and estimated values; retain concentration, density, allocation, and factor uncertainty and test sensitivity for material choices.	calculation workbook; allocation worksheet; uncertainty record

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	Foreground data package	The quantitative reference is exactly 1 kg or an explicit multiple of bulk Cottonseed oil, refined 5c448d72-c368-4fd2-a3d0-e1cc73572241, using Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 and kg from Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66.
validate_product_scope	Reference product	The product is Gossypium-derived refined cottonseed oil; crude, hydrogenated, interesterified, fractionated, blended, formulated, non-food, or packaged products are not silently represented by this reference flow.	codex-cxs-210-1999
validate_route_logic	Refinery process	Every declared unit operation has matching input/output records; chemical and physical refining are not double counted, and winterization is included only when declared.	epa-vegetable-oil-voc-1978; fsanz-cot102-2004
validate_upstream_link	Crude-oil input	A separate upstream crude-cottonseed-oil dataset is linked and its extraction route and allocation are disclosed; cottonseed seed flow a60671ff-7325-4636-9fba-bcc5f6afaeeb is rejected as a crude-oil substitute.	us-epa-vegetable-oil-neshap
validate_quality_release	Refined-oil output	The output has a laboratory release against the declared specification. If CXS 210-1999 is used, verify its applicable refined-oil quality limits and cottonseed-oil identity provisions using declared sampling and analysis methods.	codex-cxs-210-1999
validate_inventory_completeness	Foreground reporting period	All material, utility, product, co-product, waste, wastewater, direct-emission, and inventory-change records required by the operated route are present or explicitly zero/not applicable with evidence.	eu-fdm-bref-2019
validate_mass_balance	Mass-bearing inventory	The foreground mass-balance residual is calculated and explained; values are not altered merely to force closure, and wet/dry basis and stock changes are consistent.
validate_allocation	Shared burdens and recovered outputs	Subdivision is attempted first; any physical or economic allocation is justified, uses reporting-period evidence, sums to 100% for allocated burdens, and includes a disclosed sensitivity.	eu-pef-method-2021
validate_uuid_specificity	Inventory identities	Generic or semantically wrong UUIDs are rejected; in particular, do not use the cottonseed seed flow for crude oil or the electrolytic-manganese-slag wastewater flow for refinery wastewater.
validate_provisional_ranges	Candidate-stage QA ranges	Reasoned-estimate ranges are screening flags only; foreground values outside them trigger review rather than automatic rejection, and publication requires reviewed acceptance or stronger evidence.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground refinery data package that may support a published unit-process secondary_dataset or background_dataset after review
downstream_use	Link to a representative crude-cottonseed-oil dataset and use the refinery process in product systems for bulk refined cottonseed oil
allowed_use	Gate-to-gate refinery modelling and cradle-to-gate studies when upstream and any added downstream modules are explicit and compatible
excluded_use	Comparative claims without equivalent specification, route, geography, time, allocation, and packaging boundary; direct representation of crude, modified, blended, formulated, packaged, or non-food oil
required_metadata	PCR id/version; reference-flow UUID; refinery geography and period; crude-oil origin and upstream dataset; route; winterization; specification and tests; utilities; co-products and wastes; allocation; background substitutions; packaging boundary
required_quality_disclosure	Measurement coverage, calibration, mass-balance residual, data gaps, estimates, allocation sensitivity, proxy datasets, quality-test results, and unresolved UUIDs
update_trigger	Material change in crude-oil source, refining route, winterization, utility system, yield or losses, co-product market, waste treatment, geography, product specification, or reporting period; or availability of exact unresolved Tiangong identities

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
codex-cxs-210-1999	standard	Codex Alimentarius, Standard for Named Vegetable Oils, CXS 210-1999, current redesigned publication incorporating amendments through 2024, https://workspace.fao.org/sites/codex/Standards/CXS%20210-1999/CXS_210e.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-10)	Cottonseed-oil identity, edible-product scope, quality and composition checks, sampling/analysis linkage
fsanz-cot102-2004	official_guidance	Food Standards Australia New Zealand, Final Assessment Report, Application A509: Food derived from insect-protected cotton line COT102, 4 August 2004, https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/gmfp/docs/1_A509_GM_Cotton_FAR_Final.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-10)	Cottonseed-specific refining evidence: gossypol removal and bleaching/deodorization reduction of cyclopropenoid fatty acids
epa-vegetable-oil-voc-1978	official_guidance	U.S. EPA, Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Manufacture of Vegetable Oils, EPA-450/2-78-035, 1978, https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=9102156N.TXT (retrieved 2026-08-10)	Refining process decomposition, alkali neutralization, adsorptive bleaching, vacuum steam deodorization, and emissions awareness
us-epa-vegetable-oil-neshap	official_guidance	U.S. EPA, Solvent Extraction for Vegetable Oil Production: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP), https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/solvent-extraction-vegetable-oil-production-national-emission (retrieved 2026-08-10)	Upstream cottonseed solvent-extraction boundary, solvent recovery, and hexane-release completeness
eu-fdm-bref-2019	official_guidance	European Commission JRC, Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Food, Drink and Milk Industries, 2019, DOI 10.2760/243911, https://doi.org/10.2760/243911 (retrieved 2026-08-10)	Vegetable-oil-refining environmental scope; energy, water, wastewater, air emissions, resource efficiency, monitoring, and data-quality priorities
eu-pef-method-2021	official_guidance	European Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on the use of Environmental Footprint methods, corrected consolidated text, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021H2279R(01) (retrieved 2026-08-10)	Allocation hierarchy: subdivision/system expansion, relevant physical relationship, then justified other relationship including economic allocation