Caviar and caviar substitutes · Calculation Rules

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	all inventory rows	normalized amount = period amount attributable to the route / conforming net product mass released for that route	route-specific period amount; released net mass	amount per 1 kg reference product	eu-pef-2021-2279
calc_packaging_mass	packaging components	component mass = packed component count × measured mean tare mass; rejected component mass is reported separately	count; tare sample; reject count	kg component and kg component waste	codex-cxc-52-2003
calc_refrigerant_loss	refrigerant emissions	loss = opening charge + additions - recovered mass - closing charge; negative or implausible balances require investigation	charge inventory; additions; recoveries	kg refrigerant emitted by named refrigerant	eu-pef-2021-2279
calc_wastewater	wastewater streams	discharge mass = metered discharge, or water inputs minus documented retained water and evaporation; do not merge brine with sanitation wastewater	water meter; product mass change; discharge meter	kg of each named wastewater stream	eu-pef-2021-2279
calc_combustion_emission	each direct combustion emission	emission = fuel use × declared fuel- and technology-specific factor, unless a validated stack result is used	fuel use; heating value if required; factor or stack result	kg of one named elementary emission	eu-pef-2021-2279
calc_mass_balance	each production lot	input mass = conforming output + each co-product or waste output + wastewater-borne or evaporated mass + documented inventory change and residual	all mass records	closure percentage and unresolved mass	eu-pef-2021-2279

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	roe and final product	Record common and scientific species name, farmed or wild origin, supplier, lot, ovulated status where applicable, and whether the receipt is intact ovary, separated eggs, salted roe, or another intermediate.	Supplier specification; traceability record; receiving inspection
dq_temporal	all foreground data	Use a continuous period representative of normal operations and covering seasonal production, maturation, and cold-storage effects; disclose shutdowns and exceptional lots.	Dated meter, batch, warehouse, and maintenance records
dq_completeness	all inventory	Include every material, packaging component, energy carrier, fuel, refrigerant, water stream, cleaner, waste, wastewater, sludge, and direct emission actually used or generated; zero and not-applicable values require evidence.	Completeness checklist; purchase-to-use reconciliation; mass and energy balances
dq_route_separation	caviar and substitute routes	Keep species, formulation, package format, pasteurization, and cold-storage routes separate until a documented allocation step.	Batch routing; submetering; allocation worksheet
dq_upstream	received roe supply	Supplier data shall include the upstream fish-production system, harvest, slaughter or egg-recovery boundary, co-products, allocation, geography, year, and transport to the foreground gate.	Supplier LCI or audited primary-data questionnaire
dq_measurement	meters and scales	Maintain calibration status, units, conversion factors, sampling methods, and uncertainty or precision information for every primary measurement.	Calibration certificates; sampling plan; calculation review
dq_waste_destination	wastes and wastewater	Record the physical identity, wet or dry basis, destination, treatment technology, and whether a material is sold, donated, recycled, rendered, treated, or disposed.	Consignment note; treatment receipt; sales record
dq_representativeness	foreground and upstream datasets	Assess technological, geographical, time-related representativeness, precision, completeness, methodological consistency, documentation, nomenclature, and review status.	Data-quality assessment and review record consistent with the EF method

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_flow	reference_product	Confirm that the denominator is 1 kg net conforming product excluding packaging and that every required qualifier is present.	codex-cxs-291-2010; codex-gsfa-09-3-3
validate_species_scope	product_identity	Confirm that caviar is made from declared sturgeon eggs and that every substitute names its actual non-sturgeon fish species; reject generic or plant-based analogues from this PCR.	codex-cxs-291-2010; codex-gsfa-09-3-3; unsd-cpc-v3-21243
validate_process_route	process_map	Reconcile the facility flow diagram to receipt, separation or verified pre-separation, washing, draining, formulation, filling, preservation, maturation, cold storage, sanitation, and effluent handling; explain every omitted or added step.	codex-cxc-52-2003
validate_atomic_inventory	process_inventory	Reject any selected flow that combines multiple materials, packaging components, utilities, fuels, refrigerants, wastes, wastewater streams, or emissions; each card shall represent one exchange.	eu-pef-2021-2279
validate_formulation	formulation	Reconcile every named ingredient and additive to the approved lot formulation and applicable legal authorization; do not infer additive use from a permitted-additive list.	codex-cxs-291-2010; codex-gsfa-09-3-3
validate_temperature_and_preservation	cold_chain	Verify lot temperature logs, preservation route, pasteurization records when applicable, maturation records, shelf-life specification, and corrective actions against the declared product specification.	codex-cxs-291-2010; codex-cxc-52-2003
validate_mass_balance	each_process_and_period	Require a documented mass balance for roe inputs, ingredients, conforming product, rejects, residues, brine, wastewater, sludge, and inventory change; investigate unexplained loss before release.	eu-pef-2021-2279
validate_upstream_completeness	received_roe	Fail completeness when farming or capture, feed where relevant, harvest, supplier slaughter or egg recovery, co-products, allocation, or inbound cold-chain burdens are omitted without a declared cut-off justification.	dudu-georgescu-2024-sturgeon; eu-pef-2021-2279
validate_allocation	multifunctional_processes	Confirm subdivision was attempted first, allocation drivers are causal and documented, upstream co-product treatment is disclosed, and results can be reconstructed before and after allocation.	eu-pef-2021-2279
validate_data_quality	dataset	Confirm completeness, methodological consistency, technology, geography, time, precision, documentation, nomenclature, and review evidence; disclose every unresolved flow UUID and range-evidence gap.	eu-pef-2021-2279

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Factory-gate foreground production dataset for packaged caviar or one species-specific caviar substitute route
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Product LCA, environmental-footprint studies, supply-chain inventories, process improvement, and comparative work only when species, quality, route, package, preservation, geography, allocation, and boundary are compatible
excluded_use	Claims about animal welfare, legality, food safety certification, biodiversity, nutritional superiority, or product equivalence; substitution across species or preservation routes without documented comparability; use as an upstream aquaculture dataset
required_metadata	PCR id and version; product and scientific species name; caviar or substitute status; roe origin and state; supplier boundary; formulation; additives; preservation and pasteurization status; package components; net mass; geography; technology; reporting period; cold-storage duration; allocation; cut-offs; data sources; unresolved identities
required_quality_disclosure	Primary-data share; meter and scale coverage; mass-balance closure; seasonal and capacity representativeness; upstream roe-data quality; allocation sensitivity; refrigerant method; wastewater and waste destinations; additive authorization; uncertainty and unresolved evidence
update_trigger	Change in fish species or origin, upstream production system, formulation, additive authorization, package format, pasteurization or cold-storage technology, refrigerant, energy supply, wastewater treatment, allocation, supplier boundary, or a material shift in yield or data quality

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-v3-21243	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division. Central Product Classification Version 3.0, subclass 21243, “Caviar and caviar substitutes.” https://unstats.un.org/UNSDWebsite/statcom/session_56/documents/BG-3o-Explanatory_Notes_of_the_Central_Product_Classification_Version3-E.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-24).	Classification scope and identity
codex-cxs-291-2010	standard	Codex Alimentarius. CXS 291-2010, Standard for Sturgeon Caviar, revised 2024. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FStandards%252FCXS%2B291-2010%252FCXS_291e.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-24).	Sturgeon-caviar definition, raw material, salt, packaging, preservation, temperature control, labelling, and conformance
codex-cxc-52-2003	official_guidance	FAO and WHO. Code of Practice for Fish and Fishery Products, CXC 52-2003, 2020 edition, ISBN 978-92-4-001317-9. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240013179 (retrieved 2026-08-24).	Verified Section 20 process decomposition, sanitation, washing, ingredient handling, filling, maturation, pasteurization, cold storage, and records
codex-gsfa-09-3-3	official_guidance	Codex Alimentarius GSFA Online. Food Category 09.3.3, Salmon substitutes, caviar, and other fish roe products. https://www.fao.org/gsfaonline/foods/details.html?id=162 (retrieved 2026-08-24).	Substitute-product scope, representative species, washing, salting, formulation, colouring, preservation, packaging, and permitted-additive context
eu-caviar-aquitaine-2024	official_guidance	European Commission. Publication of an application for registration of “Caviar d’Aquitaine,” 2024/C 6592. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52024XC06592 (retrieved 2026-08-24).	Commercial production sequence, immediate primary packaging, and metal, glass, or plastic container routes
dudu-georgescu-2024-sturgeon	literature	Dudu, A.; Georgescu, S.E. “Exploring the Multifaceted Potential of Endangered Sturgeon: Caviar, Meat and By-Product Benefits.” Animals 14(16), 2425 (2024). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162425.	Full-text verification of sturgeon production context and distinct meat, head, viscera, skin, bone or cartilage, and swim-bladder co-product or by-product identities; no quantitative range inferred
eu-pef-2021-2279	official_guidance	European Commission. Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on the use of the Environmental Footprint methods. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/2021-12-30/eng (retrieved 2026-08-24).	Functional unit, system boundary, company-specific data, allocation, cut-off disclosure, data quality, validation, and life-cycle inventory rules