Groats, meal and pellets of wheat and other cereals · 7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
avoid_allocation	all processes	Use product-specific recipes, batch mass records, submeters, production time, and equipment state to avoid allocation wherever possible.	eu-pef-2021-2279
no_species_average	all outputs	Never allocate or average one cereal species to another species or one product form to another form.	un-cpc-3-2025, eu-pef-2021-2279
internal_transfer	internal intermediates	Record an internal intermediate once as an output and once as the matching downstream input; do not add an upstream burden twice.	eu-pef-2021-2279
fines_rework	pellet fines	Keep fines returned within the same locked batch inside its mass balance; record exported fines as a separate species-specific product output.	us-epa-ap42-grain-2003, eu-pef-2021-2279
co_product_identity	bran, hulls, and germ	Keep every named species-specific bran, hull, and germ output separate with measured mass, destination, and economic or physical function.	codex-cxs-155-1985, codex-cxs-178-1991, eu-pef-2021-2279
physical_relation	co-products	If allocation cannot be avoided, use a documented physical relationship only when it represents the causal production relationship.	eu-pef-2021-2279
economic_fallback	co-products	Use economic allocation only when the study method requires it and a physical relation is not representative; retain prices, period, currency, and sensitivity.	eu-pef-2021-2279
waste_treatment	wastes	Do not assign avoided burdens or credits without an explicit downstream treatment model and disclosed method.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_disclosure	published dataset	Disclose the allocation hierarchy, quantities, factors, co-product destinations, internal recycling, and unresolved choices.	eu-pef-2021-2279

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_receiving_inputs	grain_receiving_storage	Grain receiving and storage inputs	batch input records	batch id; row_id; exact flow identity; supplier or meter id; opening reading; closing reading; gross amount; tare; net amount; unit; timestamp; allocation key	Use calibrated scales, utility meters, delivery documents, stock movements, and equipment logs; preserve the native unit of each atomic row.	native unit declared on the atomic flow card	each batch and each meter interval	complete production campaign	all grain receiving and storage input points	Sum only records attributable to the locked species, product form, and route; normalize after the net conforming output is known.	calibration records; supplier specifications; meter identifiers; batch traceability; reconciliation record
cp_receiving_outputs	grain_receiving_storage	Grain receiving and storage outputs	batch output and emission records	batch id; row_id; exact flow identity; destination or compartment; gross amount; tare; net amount; concentration; volume; emission factor source; unit; timestamp	Use calibrated scales, discharge meters, laboratory results, direct emission measurements, and documented calculations from collected activity data.	native unit declared on the atomic flow card	each batch or representative monitored interval	complete production campaign	all grain receiving and storage output points	Keep every product, co-product, waste, wastewater stream, and elementary emission separate and normalize to the selected final-product mass.	calibration records; laboratory chain of custody; calculation sheet; destination evidence; mass-balance reconciliation
cp_cleaning_inputs	grain_cleaning_grading	Grain cleaning and grading inputs	batch input records	batch id; row_id; exact flow identity; supplier or meter id; opening reading; closing reading; gross amount; tare; net amount; unit; timestamp; allocation key	Use calibrated scales, utility meters, delivery documents, stock movements, and equipment logs; preserve the native unit of each atomic row.	native unit declared on the atomic flow card	each batch and each meter interval	complete production campaign	all grain cleaning and grading input points	Sum only records attributable to the locked species, product form, and route; normalize after the net conforming output is known.	calibration records; supplier specifications; meter identifiers; batch traceability; reconciliation record
cp_cleaning_outputs	grain_cleaning_grading	Grain cleaning and grading outputs	batch output and emission records	batch id; row_id; exact flow identity; destination or compartment; gross amount; tare; net amount; concentration; volume; emission factor source; unit; timestamp	Use calibrated scales, discharge meters, laboratory results, direct emission measurements, and documented calculations from collected activity data.	native unit declared on the atomic flow card	each batch or representative monitored interval	complete production campaign	all grain cleaning and grading output points	Keep every product, co-product, waste, wastewater stream, and elementary emission separate and normalize to the selected final-product mass.	calibration records; laboratory chain of custody; calculation sheet; destination evidence; mass-balance reconciliation
cp_conditioning_inputs	conditioning_tempering	Conditioning and tempering inputs	batch input records	batch id; row_id; exact flow identity; supplier or meter id; opening reading; closing reading; gross amount; tare; net amount; unit; timestamp; allocation key	Use calibrated scales, utility meters, delivery documents, stock movements, and equipment logs; preserve the native unit of each atomic row.	native unit declared on the atomic flow card	each batch and each meter interval	complete production campaign	all conditioning and tempering input points	Sum only records attributable to the locked species, product form, and route; normalize after the net conforming output is known.	calibration records; supplier specifications; meter identifiers; batch traceability; reconciliation record
cp_conditioning_outputs	conditioning_tempering	Conditioning and tempering outputs	batch output and emission records	batch id; row_id; exact flow identity; destination or compartment; gross amount; tare; net amount; concentration; volume; emission factor source; unit; timestamp	Use calibrated scales, discharge meters, laboratory results, direct emission measurements, and documented calculations from collected activity data.	native unit declared on the atomic flow card	each batch or representative monitored interval	complete production campaign	all conditioning and tempering output points	Keep every product, co-product, waste, wastewater stream, and elementary emission separate and normalize to the selected final-product mass.	calibration records; laboratory chain of custody; calculation sheet; destination evidence; mass-balance reconciliation
cp_milling_inputs	dehulling_milling_sieving	Dehulling, milling and sieving inputs	batch input records	batch id; row_id; exact flow identity; supplier or meter id; opening reading; closing reading; gross amount; tare; net amount; unit; timestamp; allocation key	Use calibrated scales, utility meters, delivery documents, stock movements, and equipment logs; preserve the native unit of each atomic row.	native unit declared on the atomic flow card	each batch and each meter interval	complete production campaign	all dehulling, milling and sieving input points	Sum only records attributable to the locked species, product form, and route; normalize after the net conforming output is known.	calibration records; supplier specifications; meter identifiers; batch traceability; reconciliation record
cp_milling_outputs	dehulling_milling_sieving	Dehulling, milling and sieving outputs	batch output and emission records	batch id; row_id; exact flow identity; destination or compartment; gross amount; tare; net amount; concentration; volume; emission factor source; unit; timestamp	Use calibrated scales, discharge meters, laboratory results, direct emission measurements, and documented calculations from collected activity data.	native unit declared on the atomic flow card	each batch or representative monitored interval	complete production campaign	all dehulling, milling and sieving output points	Keep every product, co-product, waste, wastewater stream, and elementary emission separate and normalize to the selected final-product mass.	calibration records; laboratory chain of custody; calculation sheet; destination evidence; mass-balance reconciliation
cp_pellet_inputs	pellet_forming_cooling	Pellet forming and cooling inputs	batch input records	batch id; row_id; exact flow identity; supplier or meter id; opening reading; closing reading; gross amount; tare; net amount; unit; timestamp; allocation key	Use calibrated scales, utility meters, delivery documents, stock movements, and equipment logs; preserve the native unit of each atomic row.	native unit declared on the atomic flow card	each batch and each meter interval	complete production campaign	all pellet forming and cooling input points	Sum only records attributable to the locked species, product form, and route; normalize after the net conforming output is known.	calibration records; supplier specifications; meter identifiers; batch traceability; reconciliation record
cp_pellet_outputs	pellet_forming_cooling	Pellet forming and cooling outputs	batch output and emission records	batch id; row_id; exact flow identity; destination or compartment; gross amount; tare; net amount; concentration; volume; emission factor source; unit; timestamp	Use calibrated scales, discharge meters, laboratory results, direct emission measurements, and documented calculations from collected activity data.	native unit declared on the atomic flow card	each batch or representative monitored interval	complete production campaign	all pellet forming and cooling output points	Keep every product, co-product, waste, wastewater stream, and elementary emission separate and normalize to the selected final-product mass.	calibration records; laboratory chain of custody; calculation sheet; destination evidence; mass-balance reconciliation
cp_release_inputs	packaging_storage_release	Packaging, finished storage and release inputs	batch input records	batch id; row_id; exact flow identity; supplier or meter id; opening reading; closing reading; gross amount; tare; net amount; unit; timestamp; allocation key	Use calibrated scales, utility meters, delivery documents, stock movements, and equipment logs; preserve the native unit of each atomic row.	native unit declared on the atomic flow card	each batch and each meter interval	complete production campaign	all packaging, finished storage and release input points	Sum only records attributable to the locked species, product form, and route; normalize after the net conforming output is known.	calibration records; supplier specifications; meter identifiers; batch traceability; reconciliation record
cp_release_outputs	packaging_storage_release	Packaging, finished storage and release outputs	batch output and emission records	batch id; row_id; exact flow identity; destination or compartment; gross amount; tare; net amount; concentration; volume; emission factor source; unit; timestamp	Use calibrated scales, discharge meters, laboratory results, direct emission measurements, and documented calculations from collected activity data.	native unit declared on the atomic flow card	each batch or representative monitored interval	complete production campaign	all packaging, finished storage and release output points	Keep every product, co-product, waste, wastewater stream, and elementary emission separate and normalize to the selected final-product mass.	calibration records; laboratory chain of custody; calculation sheet; destination evidence; mass-balance reconciliation
cp_dust_inputs	dust_collection_control	Dust collection and control inputs	batch input records	batch id; row_id; exact flow identity; supplier or meter id; opening reading; closing reading; gross amount; tare; net amount; unit; timestamp; allocation key	Use calibrated scales, utility meters, delivery documents, stock movements, and equipment logs; preserve the native unit of each atomic row.	native unit declared on the atomic flow card	each batch and each meter interval	complete production campaign	all dust collection and control input points	Sum only records attributable to the locked species, product form, and route; normalize after the net conforming output is known.	calibration records; supplier specifications; meter identifiers; batch traceability; reconciliation record
cp_dust_outputs	dust_collection_control	Dust collection and control outputs	batch output and emission records	batch id; row_id; exact flow identity; destination or compartment; gross amount; tare; net amount; concentration; volume; emission factor source; unit; timestamp	Use calibrated scales, discharge meters, laboratory results, direct emission measurements, and documented calculations from collected activity data.	native unit declared on the atomic flow card	each batch or representative monitored interval	complete production campaign	all dust collection and control output points	Keep every product, co-product, waste, wastewater stream, and elementary emission separate and normalize to the selected final-product mass.	calibration records; laboratory chain of custody; calculation sheet; destination evidence; mass-balance reconciliation
cp_hygiene_inputs	hygiene_cleaning	Hygiene and equipment cleaning inputs	batch input records	batch id; row_id; exact flow identity; supplier or meter id; opening reading; closing reading; gross amount; tare; net amount; unit; timestamp; allocation key	Use calibrated scales, utility meters, delivery documents, stock movements, and equipment logs; preserve the native unit of each atomic row.	native unit declared on the atomic flow card	each batch and each meter interval	complete production campaign	all hygiene and equipment cleaning input points	Sum only records attributable to the locked species, product form, and route; normalize after the net conforming output is known.	calibration records; supplier specifications; meter identifiers; batch traceability; reconciliation record
cp_hygiene_outputs	hygiene_cleaning	Hygiene and equipment cleaning outputs	batch output and emission records	batch id; row_id; exact flow identity; destination or compartment; gross amount; tare; net amount; concentration; volume; emission factor source; unit; timestamp	Use calibrated scales, discharge meters, laboratory results, direct emission measurements, and documented calculations from collected activity data.	native unit declared on the atomic flow card	each batch or representative monitored interval	complete production campaign	all hygiene and equipment cleaning output points	Keep every product, co-product, waste, wastewater stream, and elementary emission separate and normalize to the selected final-product mass.	calibration records; laboratory chain of custody; calculation sheet; destination evidence; mass-balance reconciliation
cp_heat_inputs	onsite_heat_generation	Onsite heat generation inputs	batch input records	batch id; row_id; exact flow identity; supplier or meter id; opening reading; closing reading; gross amount; tare; net amount; unit; timestamp; allocation key	Use calibrated scales, utility meters, delivery documents, stock movements, and equipment logs; preserve the native unit of each atomic row.	native unit declared on the atomic flow card	each batch and each meter interval	complete production campaign	all onsite heat generation input points	Sum only records attributable to the locked species, product form, and route; normalize after the net conforming output is known.	calibration records; supplier specifications; meter identifiers; batch traceability; reconciliation record
cp_heat_outputs	onsite_heat_generation	Onsite heat generation outputs	batch output and emission records	batch id; row_id; exact flow identity; destination or compartment; gross amount; tare; net amount; concentration; volume; emission factor source; unit; timestamp	Use calibrated scales, discharge meters, laboratory results, direct emission measurements, and documented calculations from collected activity data.	native unit declared on the atomic flow card	each batch or representative monitored interval	complete production campaign	all onsite heat generation output points	Keep every product, co-product, waste, wastewater stream, and elementary emission separate and normalize to the selected final-product mass.	calibration records; laboratory chain of custody; calculation sheet; destination evidence; mass-balance reconciliation
cp_wwt_inputs	onsite_wastewater_treatment	Onsite wastewater treatment inputs	batch input records	batch id; row_id; exact flow identity; supplier or meter id; opening reading; closing reading; gross amount; tare; net amount; unit; timestamp; allocation key	Use calibrated scales, utility meters, delivery documents, stock movements, and equipment logs; preserve the native unit of each atomic row.	native unit declared on the atomic flow card	each batch and each meter interval	complete production campaign	all onsite wastewater treatment input points	Sum only records attributable to the locked species, product form, and route; normalize after the net conforming output is known.	calibration records; supplier specifications; meter identifiers; batch traceability; reconciliation record
cp_wwt_outputs	onsite_wastewater_treatment	Onsite wastewater treatment outputs	batch output and emission records	batch id; row_id; exact flow identity; destination or compartment; gross amount; tare; net amount; concentration; volume; emission factor source; unit; timestamp	Use calibrated scales, discharge meters, laboratory results, direct emission measurements, and documented calculations from collected activity data.	native unit declared on the atomic flow card	each batch or representative monitored interval	complete production campaign	all onsite wastewater treatment output points	Keep every product, co-product, waste, wastewater stream, and elementary emission separate and normalize to the selected final-product mass.	calibration records; laboratory chain of custody; calculation sheet; destination evidence; mass-balance reconciliation

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalize_reference	every inventory row	normalized amount = batch-attributable amount / net conforming selected final-product mass	batch-attributable amount; selected final-product mass	amount per 1 kg reference product	eu-pef-2021-2279
net_mass	mass records	net mass = gross mass - tare mass	gross mass; tare mass	net mass	eu-pef-2021-2279
dry_matter	moisture-sensitive flows	dry mass = measured mass × (1 - measured moisture mass fraction)	measured mass; batch moisture result	dry mass	fao-grain-milling-quality-1995
process_mass_balance	every process	reconciliation difference = total measured inputs - total measured products - total measured co-products - total measured wastes - stock change - measured releases	process input and output records	reconciliation difference	eu-pef-2021-2279
shared_meter	shared utilities	batch amount = meter-period amount × documented causal allocation key; use runtime only when equipment load is demonstrably stable	meter readings; batch timestamps; equipment state; allocation key	batch-attributable utility amount	eu-pef-2021-2279
refrigerant_loss	refrigerants	release = opening inventory + additions - closing inventory - documented recovery or transfer	refrigerant inventory and service records	refrigerant release by exact substance	eu-pef-2021-2279
dust_balance	dust control	residual release = dust entering control - captured dust - deposited dust - returned product dust, reconciled with direct monitoring where available	dust capture records; filter records; monitoring results	residual particulate release	us-epa-ap42-grain-2003, eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031
combustion_emission	onsite fuel combustion	emission = measured fuel amount × documented fuel-specific factor or direct monitored load; no default factor is supplied by this PCR	fuel record; fuel-specific factor or direct measurement	pollutant mass by elementary flow	eu-pef-2021-2279, ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
wastewater_load	wastewater pollutants	pollutant load = measured discharge volume × representative measured concentration with unit conversion	flow volume; laboratory concentration; sampling period	pollutant mass by elementary flow	eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031, eu-pef-2021-2279
packaging_mass	packaging	packaging mass = issued packaging stock - returned unused stock - verified clean reusable stock change	packaging issue and return records	consumed packaging mass by material	eu-pef-2021-2279
final_output_selection	reference product	exactly one final_<species>_<form> row receives the batch net conforming mass; all other final rows are not applicable	product specification; release record; net mass	selected final-product mass	un-cpc-3-2025, eu-pef-2021-2279

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	reference product	Retain botanical species, product form, whole or dehulled or degermed state, particle or pellet specification, moisture basis, and release state.	approved product specification and batch traveller
dq_scope	foreground package	Demonstrate that one package contains one species, one form, and one route.	dataset metadata and process map
dq_traceability	grain and product	Preserve supplier lot, internal batch, silo or bin, production campaign, and released lot links.	lot genealogy record
dq_calibration	measured values	Use calibrated scales, meters, samplers, and laboratory instruments within their valid calibration period.	calibration certificates and instrument logs
dq_moisture	mass conversion	Retain sampling location, test method, timestamp, replicate results, and wet or dry basis.	moisture laboratory record
dq_particle_size	groats, meal, and pellets	Retain sieve set or pellet measurement method, sample basis, and release result.	particle-size or pellet-size test
dq_temporal	foreground data	Cover a representative complete production campaign and disclose shutdowns, start-ups, and abnormal batches.	production calendar and exception log
dq_completeness	inventory	Reconcile every applicable atomic row, including zero or not-applicable decisions, co-products, wastes, wastewater, dust, and direct emissions.	signed completeness matrix
dq_sources	calculated values	Retain every formula, factor source, unit conversion, and calculation version.	calculation workbook and source register
dq_destinations	co-products and wastes	Retain quantity, recipient, treatment route, and transfer evidence for every outgoing stream.	weighbridge ticket and transfer document
dq_uncertainty	all rows	Preserve instrument resolution, sampling uncertainty, missing-data treatment, and reconciliation difference.	uncertainty register
dq_review	published dataset	Complete independent technical review of identity, boundary, allocation, mass balance, sources, and bilingual machine-field alignment.	signed review record

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
val_reference_identity	reference flow	Reference flow shall match the verified CPC 23130 Product flow, Mass property, Units of mass group, and kg unit declared in section 3.	un-cpc-3-2025
val_reference_mass	reference amount	Reference amount shall be 1 kg net conforming product and exclude packaging.	eu-pef-2021-2279
val_species	product identity	Botanical cereal species shall be explicit; “other cereal” is not a valid species identity.	un-cpc-3-2025
val_form	product identity	Exactly one of groats, meal, or pellets shall be declared for the reference product.	un-cpc-3-2025
val_one_final_row	final product	Exactly one final_<species>_<form> row shall carry the normalized 1 kg reference amount.	un-cpc-3-2025, eu-pef-2021-2279
val_process_map	process inventory	Every process section shall match one process-map id and every required process-map row shall have one process section.	us-epa-ap42-grain-2003
val_atomic_flow	inventory cards	Every selected flow shall be one concrete exchange; plural categories, carrier lists, and selector instructions are invalid.	eu-pef-2021-2279
val_unlisted_flow	valid unlisted exchange	Add an exact atomic row before validation when an in-scope species, input, package, co-product, waste, pollutant, or emission is absent.	un-cpc-3-2025, eu-pef-2021-2279
val_uuid_policy	non-reference UUIDs	Keep a non-reference UUID blank unless exact atomic semantics are confirmed by flow-hybrid-search and public state-100 direct read.	eu-pef-2021-2279
val_modes	inventory amounts	Use only foreground_record or calculated_value; no fixed default, modelled estimate, or reasoned range is permitted here.	eu-pef-2021-2279
val_protocols	inventory cards	Every collected or calculated card shall link to an existing collection protocol.	eu-pef-2021-2279
val_mass_balance	every process	Complete a species-specific and form-specific process mass balance and disclose the reconciliation difference.	eu-pef-2021-2279
val_conditioning	conditioning	Conditioning water, steam, hot water, and holding shall appear only when physically used and measured.	fao-grain-milling-quality-1995, us-epa-ap42-grain-2003
val_pellet_route	pellets	Pellet data shall include conditioning, die pressing, cooling, screening, fines, and off-spec pellet routing.	us-epa-ap42-grain-2003
val_packaging	packaging	Each physical packaging material shall be separate and excluded from reference mass.	codex-cxs-155-1985, codex-cxs-178-1991, eu-pef-2021-2279
val_heat_double_count	heat	Purchased heat and onsite fuel shall not represent the same heat quantity.	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019, eu-pef-2021-2279
val_dust	dust	Record source-specific captured dust, control inputs, spent media, and residual PM releases without netting different species.	us-epa-ap42-grain-2003, eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031
val_wastewater	wastewater	Keep each wastewater stream and each discharged pollutant separate; treatment inputs and sludge shall be explicit when onsite treatment applies.	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019, eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031
val_allocation	co-products	Disclose allocation avoidance, internal recycling, co-product quantities, allocation basis, and sensitivity without a default factor.	eu-pef-2021-2279
val_bilingual	bilingual PCR	English and Chinese process ids, row ids, controlled tokens, protocol ids, rule ids, source ids, UUIDs, and order shall match.	eu-pef-2021-2279
val_completeness	published dataset	No applicable card, data source, calculation, uncertainty note, or destination evidence may be omitted.	eu-pef-2021-2279

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	product-specific foreground dataset suitable for review as a secondary_dataset or background_dataset after approval
downstream_use	lifecycle models that require one explicit cereal species and one CPC 23130 product form at a manufacturing facility gate
allowed_use	modelling of the declared species, form, geography, technology, campaign, packaging state, and allocation method
excluded_use	substitution across cereal species or product forms; undisclosed averages; use as a flour, starch, malt, breakfast cereal, compound-feed, or prepared-food dataset
required_metadata	PCR id; CPC code; species; form; grain condition; route; facility geography; campaign; technology; moisture and particle or pellet specification; packaging; allocation; co-product and waste destinations
required_quality_disclosure	completeness; data sources; foreground coverage; calibration; mass-balance difference; allocation; uncertainty; missing data; UUID gaps; review status
update_trigger	changed species, form, formulation, route, equipment, energy supply, dust control, packaging, allocation, regulation, source evidence, UUID identity, or material data-quality result

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-2025	dataset	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification Version 3.0, retained raw structure dated 30 June 2025, code 23130, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/cpc (retrieved 2026-08-13).	Exact CPC title and scope boundary for groats, meal, and pellets of wheat and other cereals.
fao-grain-milling-quality-1995	official_guidance	FAO, Quality assurance for small-scale rural food industries, Chapter 2: grain cleaning, conditioning, milling, dehulling, and sieving, https://www.fao.org/4/v5380e/v5380e06.htm (retrieved 2026-08-13).	Incoming-lot records, contaminant removal, conditioning water and moisture checks, dehulling, milling, sieving, and equipment-quality records.
us-epa-ap42-grain-2003	official_guidance	U.S. EPA, AP-42 Section 9.9.1, Grain Elevators and Processes, April 2003, https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-10/documents/c9s0909-1.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-13).	Receiving, cleaning, tempering, milling, steam conditioning, pelleting, cooling, screening, bagging, dust sources, oil suppression, cyclones, filters, and wet scrubbers.
ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019	official_guidance	European Commission Joint Research Centre, Best Available Techniques Reference Document for the Food, Drink and Milk Industries, JRC118627, EUR 29978 EN, DOI 10.2760/243911, https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC118627 (retrieved 2026-08-13).	Food-sector process boundary, utilities, energy and water records, waste, wastewater, and air-emission control structure.
eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031	official_guidance	Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/2031 establishing BAT conclusions for the food, drink and milk industries, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2019/2031/oj (retrieved 2026-08-13).	Grain-milling dust monitoring and bag filtration, pellet-cooling dust, energy management, water-stream separation, and wastewater management.
eu-pef-2021-2279	official_guidance	Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on Environmental Footprint methods, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/2021-12-30/eng (retrieved 2026-08-13).	Functional and reference flow, product-specific company data, complete material-energy-waste-emission inventory, allocation, data quality, transparency, and verification.
codex-cxs-155-1985	standard	Codex Alimentarius CXS 155-1985, Standard for Degermed Maize (Corn) Meal and Maize (Corn) Grits, https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FStandards%252FCXS%2B155-1985%252FCXS_155e.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-13).	Concrete maize species and groats/meal identity, cleaning, grinding, bran and germ removal, hygiene, particle properties, and packaging.
codex-cxs-178-1991	standard	Codex Alimentarius CXS 178-1991, Standard for Durum Wheat Semolina and Durum Wheat Flour, https://www.fao.org/input/download/standards/60/CXS_178e.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-13).	Durum wheat species identity, milling and comminution, bran and germ separation, particle-size quality, hygiene, and packaging.
codex-cxs-199-1995	standard	Codex Alimentarius CXS 199-1995, Standard for Wheat and Durum Wheat, https://www.fao.org/input/download/standards/62/CXS_199e.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-13).	Wheat and durum wheat identity, moisture and extraneous-matter records, cleaning and sorting, hygiene, lot identity, and packaging.