Husked rice

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to foreground data packages for non-parboiled husked rice produced by cleaning paddy rice and removing the husk while retaining the bran layer as the normal product condition. It covers receipt and cleaning of paddy, dehusking and product separation, and any declared conditioning, storage, or packaging performed before the selected mill or factory gate. Upstream rice cultivation and delivery to the declared starting gate are represented by linked upstream datasets rather than recreated inside the foreground process.

The PCR does not cover paddy rice with the husk retained, semi-milled or wholly milled white rice from which bran or germ is intentionally removed, parboiled rice, cooked rice, rice flour, or other processed rice foods. Accidental minor bran loss during husking and handling does not by itself convert the product to milled rice, but intentional whitening or polishing is outside this PCR.

Product and Technical Description

The normative Chinese product name in this library is 去壳稻米. The selected Tiangong reference product flow uses the localized Chinese name “去壳的稻谷”; that database wording is bound to the same UUID-backed Husked rice identity and must not be interpreted as paddy rice with the husk retained. Codex CXS 198-1995 defines husked rice as paddy rice from which only the husk has been removed and distinguishes it from both paddy rice and milled rice. A conforming data package must therefore declare the dehusking state and must not broaden the reference product to unhusked paddy or to semi-/wholly milled rice.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.grain-mill-products-starches-and-starch-products-other-food-products.husked-rice
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 23162 — Husked rice
covered_products	Non-parboiled rice kernels obtained from paddy by removal of the husk only; brown rice or cargo rice with the bran layer normally retained; bulk or packaged product at a declared mill/factory gate
excluded_products	Paddy rice with husk retained; semi-milled or wholly milled white rice; intentionally polished rice; parboiled rice; cooked rice; rice flour and further-processed rice foods
representative_product	Marketable non-parboiled husked rice (去壳稻米), corresponding to Tiangong Chinese flow name “去壳的稻谷”
production_route	Paddy receipt and cleaning → mechanical dehusking → separation of husked rice and rice husk → conditional conditioning/storage → conditional packaging
market_state	Declared mill or factory gate; bulk or packaged; moisture, grain class/variety, origin, grade, conditioning status, and packaging status declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provision of marketable non-parboiled husked rice with the husk removed and the bran layer normally retained
How much	1 kg net husked rice
How well	Meets the declared product specification and applicable legal/contract quality limits; moisture and impurity basis declared; not intentionally whitened or polished
How long or cycle	One production lot at the declared mill/factory gate; no use-duration function applies to this mass product
reference_flow_link	One kilogram of net conforming output from dehusking_and_separation, or from the last included conditioning/packaging process when that later gate is declared

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Husked rice f762700e-8463-40fa-a164-0ecd28c744d6
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	dehusking state; declared gate; moisture content and measurement basis; rice species/variety or grain class when known; geographic origin; production technology; conditioning/drying status; bulk or packaging status; product grade and applicable specification; production period

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report net husked-rice mass excluding packaging and normalize the foreground inventory to exactly 1 kg of conforming reference product.
moisture_declaration	reference product and paddy input	Mass fraction	% m/m	Measure or document moisture on the as-received basis for paddy and the as-produced basis for husked rice. Do not silently convert the commercial reference mass to dry matter; provide a separate dry-matter conversion only when comparison requires it.
codex_quality_basis	direct-human-consumption product claiming Codex conformity	Mass fraction	% m/m	Apply the Codex maximum moisture content of 15% m/m and the applicable husked-rice extraneous-matter limits only when the dataset claims this product/specification basis; otherwise declare the controlling market specification.
energy_conversion	electricity and thermal energy	Energy	kWh or MJ	Preserve metered units and conversion factors. Use 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ only for unit conversion, without treating electricity and fuel as environmentally equivalent.
mass_balance_basis	paddy, husked rice, husk, rejects, dust, and stock change	Mass	kg	Use measurements on a consistent moisture and time basis. Record opening/closing stocks and moisture change where they materially affect process mass balance.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Paddy rice received at the selected mill/factory gate with husk retained; supplier/origin, receipt mass, moisture, impurity status, and delivery period declared
starting_condition_role	Upstream product input to the foreground transformation; cultivation and off-site delivery burdens are supplied by linked upstream datasets
product_classification_scope	The output reference product is CPC 3.0 23162 Husked rice; the classification reference does not include paddy rice or milled/whitened rice in this PCR
recursive_input_rule	Purchased or transferred husked rice entering an included conditioning, storage, blending, or packaging step is recorded as a separate upstream product input and is not recursively regenerated by the dehusking inventory
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link a geographically and temporally representative paddy-rice supply dataset and separate datasets for purchased electricity, fuels, packaging, transport, and waste treatment where those flows cross the selected boundary
disclosure	Declare starting gate, output gate, included operations, outsourced operations, internal transfers, moisture basis, stock change, co-product destinations, packaging status, and any deviation from the default route

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_paddy_start	foreground starting boundary	Begin the foreground transformation with received paddy that retains its husk; keep upstream cultivation and off-site paddy delivery in linked upstream datasets.	codex-cxs-198-1995-rice
boundary_required_operations	required foreground operations	Include paddy receipt/cleaning and dehusking/separation. Include all on-site energy, material inputs, husk, rejects, dust, and directly measured emissions attributable to those operations.
boundary_conditional_operations	conditioning, storage, and packaging	Include drying, aeration, storage, blending, and packaging only when performed before the declared output gate; disclose omitted or outsourced operations and link their datasets when they remain within the study boundary.
boundary_product_exclusions	product identity	Exclude intentional bran/germ removal, whitening, polishing, parboiling, cooking, and flour production from the reference-product process.	codex-cxs-198-1995-rice
boundary_recursive_input	same-category product inputs	Record externally supplied husked rice as an upstream input to the applicable downstream step and prevent recursive re-creation of its dehusking burdens.
boundary_coproducts_and_waste	husk, recovered rice, rejects, and dust	Measure all output fractions and classify each destination as co-product, waste, internal recycle, treatment, or disposal; do not omit a fraction because it has no revenue.	mass-balance-identity

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
paddy_receipt_and_cleaning	Paddy receipt and cleaning	required	Always included for a dehusking route starting from paddy	Foreground receipt, weighing, screening, aspiration, and removal of foreign material	kg cleaned paddy transferred to dehusking
dehusking_and_separation	Dehusking and separation	required	Always included	Foreground removal of rice husk and separation of husked rice, husk, and rejects	1 kg net conforming husked rice output
conditioning_and_storage	Conditioning and storage	conditional	Included when drying, aeration, tempering, storage, or blending occurs before the declared output gate	Foreground conditioning and inventory holding	kg conditioned husked rice released
packaging	Packaging	conditional	Included when product is packed before the declared output gate	Foreground packing into the declared market form	1 kg net packaged husked rice, packaging excluded from reference mass

Process: Paddy receipt and cleaning (paddy_receipt_and_cleaning)

Inputs

Product flows

Paddy rice received with husk retained (paddy_rice_input)

Record all paddy entering the foreground, including supplier/origin, lot, receipt moisture, measured mass, and stock transfers. The flow is not the reference product.

• Selected flow: Paddy rice
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net receipt mass adjusted for documented stock change
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net husked rice reference output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_paddy_receipts
• Range: Provisional paddy-to-husked-rice mass screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1.10
  • Upper: 1.70
  • Unit: kg paddy/kg husked rice
  • Basis: received paddy mass per 1 kg net husked rice output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Purchased electricity for receipt and cleaning (cleaning_electricity)

Record metered or equipment-submetered electricity used for intake, conveying, screening, aspiration, and cleaning.

• Selected flow: Electricity, supplied to the facility
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: measured electricity attributable to receipt and cleaning
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net husked rice reference output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_energy_cleaning
• Range: Provisional cleaning-electricity screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.05
  • Unit: kWh/kg husked rice
  • Basis: electricity per 1 kg net husked rice output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Cleaned paddy transferred to dehusking (cleaned_paddy_output)

Calculate the internal transfer from measured receipts, removed foreign matter, dust, moisture change, and stock change. Do not count this internal transfer as a co-product.

• Selected flow: Cleaned paddy rice
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calculated mass transferred to dehusking_and_separation
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net husked rice reference output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_paddy_receipts
• Sources: mass-balance-identity
• Range: Provisional cleaned-paddy yield screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.85
  • Upper: 1.00
  • Unit: kg/kg paddy received
  • Basis: cleaned paddy transferred per kg paddy received
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Removed stones, straw, soil, and other foreign matter (cleaning_rejects)

Measure rejects removed by screens, destoners, magnets, or manual sorting and record treatment or disposal destination.

• Selected flow: Grain-cleaning rejects
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured reject mass by destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg paddy received
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residue_outputs_cleaning
• Range: Provisional cleaning-reject screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.15
  • Unit: kg/kg paddy received
  • Basis: cleaning rejects per kg paddy received
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Dehusking and separation (dehusking_and_separation)

Inputs

Product flows

Cleaned paddy input (cleaned_paddy_input)

Record the measured internal transfer from cleaning, reconciled to the preceding process output.

• Selected flow: Cleaned paddy rice
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured or reconciled internal-transfer mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net husked rice reference output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_dehusking_mass_outputs
• Range: Provisional cleaned-paddy input screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1.10
  • Upper: 1.70
  • Unit: kg/kg husked rice
  • Basis: cleaned paddy input per 1 kg net husked rice output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Purchased electricity for dehusking and separation (dehusking_electricity)

Record electricity used by huskers, separators, aspiration, conveying, and associated controls.

• Selected flow: Electricity, supplied to the facility
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: measured electricity attributable to dehusking and separation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net husked rice reference output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_energy_dehusking
• Range: Provisional dehusking-electricity screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.005
  • Upper: 0.20
  • Unit: kWh/kg husked rice
  • Basis: electricity per 1 kg net husked rice output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Husked rice reference product (husked_rice_output)

Record net conforming husked rice after separation. The product has only the husk removed; intentional bran or germ removal is excluded.

• Selected flow: Husked rice f762700e-8463-40fa-a164-0ecd28c744d6
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: exactly 1 kg net conforming reference product after normalization
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Not applicable (not_applicable)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Sources: codex-cxs-198-1995-rice
• Range: Reference-flow normalization identity
  • Range role: Allowed range (allowed_range)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg reference flow
  • Basis: net conforming husked rice per 1 kg reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: mass-balance-identity

Separated rice husk (rice_husk_output)

Measure separated husk and declare whether it is sold, used internally, transferred without value, treated, or disposed. Classification as co-product or waste follows the documented destination and governing study rules.

• Selected flow: Rice husk
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured husk mass by destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net husked rice reference output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residue_outputs_dehusking
• Range: Provisional husk-output mass screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.10
  • Upper: 0.50
  • Unit: kg/kg husked rice
  • Basis: separated husk per 1 kg net husked rice output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Broken kernels, fines, and off-specification rice (rice_fines_and_rejects)

Measure non-conforming rice fractions separately from husk and record recovery, reprocessing, feed use, treatment, or disposal.

• Selected flow: Rice fines and off-specification kernels
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass by material class and destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net husked rice reference output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residue_outputs_dehusking
• Range: Provisional fines-and-reject screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.15
  • Unit: kg/kg husked rice
  • Basis: fines and rejects per 1 kg net husked rice output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Uncaptured particulate matter released to air (particulate_to_air)

Include this row when dehusking or aspiration vents directly to air. Use stack/ambient measurements or an explicitly documented emission calculation; material captured in filters remains a waste output, not an elementary emission.

• Selected flow: Particulate matter, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured release or calculated release from collected operating records and a declared factor
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net husked rice reference output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_air_emissions
• Range: Provisional particulate-release screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.01
  • Unit: kg/kg husked rice
  • Basis: uncaptured particulate release per 1 kg net husked rice output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Conditioning and storage (conditioning_and_storage)

Inputs

Product flows

Husked rice entering conditioning or storage (conditioning_rice_input)

Record the internal transfer or separately purchased husked rice. Purchased same-category input must retain its upstream dataset and must not be treated as internally produced.

• Selected flow: Husked rice
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured input mass and origin by lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conditioned husked rice released
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_mass_and_moisture

Electricity for drying, aeration, conveying, and storage (conditioning_electricity)

Include when conditioning or storage occurs before the declared output gate.

• Selected flow: Electricity, supplied to the facility
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: measured electricity attributable to the included lot and storage period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conditioned husked rice released
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_energy_conditioning
• Range: Provisional conditioning-electricity screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.30
  • Unit: kWh/kg conditioned husked rice
  • Basis: conditioning and storage electricity per kg product released
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Purchased thermal energy or fuel (conditioning_thermal_energy)

Include when thermal drying is used. Preserve the purchased energy-carrier identity and link its supply dataset; if fuel is combusted on-site, add fuel-specific direct emissions using documented factors or measurements in the concrete dataset.

• Selected flow: Thermal energy carrier or fuel, technology-specific
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: measured purchased energy or fuel converted to lower/heating-value energy with the declared basis
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conditioned husked rice released
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_energy_conditioning
• Range: Provisional thermal-energy screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 5
  • Unit: MJ/kg conditioned husked rice
  • Basis: purchased thermal energy per kg product released
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Conditioned husked rice (conditioned_husked_rice_output)

Record product released from conditioning/storage with mass, moisture, release date, and storage loss reconciled.

• Selected flow: Husked rice
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net released mass; use as the reference output when this is the declared gate
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conditioned husked rice released
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_mass_and_moisture
• Sources: codex-cxs-198-1995-rice

Waste flows

Storage loss and removed off-specification product (conditioning_loss)

Record measured mass lost or removed during conditioning/storage and its destination.

• Selected flow: Off-specification husked rice or storage loss
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calculated from measured input, output, stock change, sampling removals, and moisture change; reconcile with physical records
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conditioned husked rice released
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_mass_and_moisture
• Sources: mass-balance-identity
• Range: Provisional conditioning-loss screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.20
  • Unit: kg/kg conditioned husked rice
  • Basis: storage and conditioning loss per kg product released
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Packaging (packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Husked rice entering packaging (packaging_rice_input)

Record the measured product mass entering the packaging line and reconcile it with packaged output, spills, samples, and stock change.

• Selected flow: Husked rice
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net product input
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net packaged husked rice
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Range: Provisional packaging-line rice-input screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1.00
  • Upper: 1.10
  • Unit: kg/kg net packaged husked rice
  • Basis: rice input per 1 kg net packaged product
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Primary and secondary packaging materials (packaging_materials)

Record each material and component separately, including bags, liners, labels, closures, cartons, and pallets when within the declared gate.

• Selected flow: Packaging material, material-specific
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: purchased or issued mass less documented unused return, normalized to packed product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net packaged husked rice
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Range: Provisional packaging-mass screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.10
  • Unit: kg/kg net packaged husked rice
  • Basis: packaging materials per kg net product
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Packaged husked rice (packaged_husked_rice_output)

Record net rice mass separately from packaging mass. Use this as the reference output when the declared gate is packaged product.

• Selected flow: Husked rice f762700e-8463-40fa-a164-0ecd28c744d6
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: exactly 1 kg net husked rice after normalization; packaging excluded
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Sources: codex-cxs-198-1995-rice
• Range: Reference-flow normalization identity
  • Range role: Allowed range (allowed_range)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg reference flow
  • Basis: net packaged husked rice per 1 kg reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: mass-balance-identity

Waste flows

Packaging scrap and spilled product (packaging_scrap)

Record packaging offcuts, damaged containers, and spilled rice separately by material and destination.

• Selected flow: Packaging scrap and spilled product, material-specific
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured scrap and spill mass by destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net packaged husked rice
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Range: Provisional packaging-scrap screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.02
  • Unit: kg/kg net packaged husked rice
  • Basis: packaging scrap and spilled product per kg net product
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid	all multifunctional foreground operations	First avoid allocation through process subdivision, separate metering, and physical tracking of husked rice, husk, recovered kernels, and waste destinations.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_husk	rice husk and any other co-product leaving the system	When subdivision cannot resolve shared burdens, use a documented physical relationship that reflects the underlying process. Mass allocation may be used only when justified for the declared goal and scope; record wet/dry basis and moisture.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_waste	outputs classified as waste	Do not assign co-product credit solely because a waste is transferred. Model treatment and any accepted recycling, recovery, or substitution convention consistently with the governing study method and disclose it.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_internal_use	husk or fines used on-site	Keep internal use visible: record the material output and its receiving process input, then prevent double counting of avoided purchased energy or material.	mass-balance-identity
allocation_sensitivity	material allocation choices	Report allocation method, allocated shares, co-product status and destination, and a sensitivity case when a plausible alternative materially changes the reference-product result.	iso-14044-2006

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_paddy_receipts	paddy_receipt_and_cleaning	paddy input and cleaned-paddy transfer	weighbridge, scale, lot, moisture, impurity, and stock records	timestamp; supplier/origin; lot_id; gross_mass; tare_mass; net_mass; moisture_percent; impurity_percent; opening_stock; closing_stock	calibrated weighbridge/scale plus representative moisture and impurity sampling	kg; % m/m	each receipt and each internal transfer	full reporting period, with seasonal campaigns represented	every included facility and outsourced cleaning operation	sum net mass by lot and period; reconcile transfers and stock change; normalize to net reference output	calibration certificate; sampling plan; weigh tickets; stock reconciliation
cp_process_energy_cleaning	paddy_receipt_and_cleaning	cleaning electricity	utility meter, submeter, and equipment log	meter_id; opening_reading; closing_reading; unit; allocation_driver; operating_hours	prefer process submetering; otherwise reconcile facility totals and document allocation	kWh	each batch/campaign or at least monthly	full reporting period	every included receipt and cleaning line	subtract non-production uses; allocate only documented shared energy; normalize to reference output	meter calibration; invoices; meter photos/exports; allocation worksheet
cp_residue_outputs_cleaning	paddy_receipt_and_cleaning	cleaning rejects	scale tickets, container counts with verified mass, transfer notes, and treatment records	date; lot_id; material_class; gross_mass; tare_mass; net_mass; moisture_percent_if_material; destination; disposition	weigh each cleaning-reject stream or use verified container mass and periodic checks	kg; % m/m	each transfer or batch	full reporting period	all included cleaning-residue collection points	sum by material and destination; reconcile to cleaning mass balance	scale calibration; transfer receipt; treatment record; photographs or sampling record where relevant
cp_process_energy_dehusking	dehusking_and_separation	dehusking electricity	utility meter, submeter, and equipment log	meter_id; opening_reading; closing_reading; unit; allocation_driver; operating_hours	prefer process submetering; otherwise reconcile facility totals and document allocation	kWh	each batch/campaign or at least monthly	full reporting period	every included dehusking and separation line	subtract non-production uses; allocate only documented shared energy; normalize to reference output	meter calibration; invoices; meter photos/exports; allocation worksheet
cp_residue_outputs_dehusking	dehusking_and_separation	husk, fines, and off-spec product	scale tickets, container counts with verified mass, transfer notes, sales/treatment records	date; lot_id; material_class; gross_mass; tare_mass; net_mass; moisture_percent_if_material; destination; disposition	weigh each dehusking residue stream or use verified container mass and periodic checks	kg; % m/m	each transfer or batch	full reporting period	all included dehusking-residue collection points	sum by material and destination; reconcile to dehusking mass balance	scale calibration; transfer receipt; buyer/treatment record; photographs or sampling record where relevant
cp_dehusking_mass_outputs	dehusking_and_separation	cleaned paddy input and husked-rice output	inlet/outlet scale, production log, laboratory quality result, and stock record	batch_id; input_mass; output_mass; moisture_in; moisture_out; bran_removal_or_milling_state; start_time; end_time; opening_stock; closing_stock	calibrated mass measurement and lot-linked quality sampling	kg; % m/m	each production batch or continuous-run shift	full reporting period	every included dehusking line	reconcile input/output and stocks; normalize net conforming output to 1 kg	calibration; batch log; moisture result; product specification/inspection record
cp_air_emissions	dehusking_and_separation	particulate released to air	stack test, dust-collector record, operating hours, material throughput, and factor documentation	emission_point; pollutant_identity; measured_concentration_or_factor; gas_flow_or_throughput; operating_time; control_efficiency; method	direct compliant measurement preferred; otherwise documented calculation tied to collected activity	kg pollutant; method-native units	per test and operating period	representative operating conditions within reporting period	every material emission point	calculate released mass by emission point and normalize to reference output; keep captured dust in waste outputs	test report; instrument calibration; factor provenance; control-device maintenance log
cp_conditioning_mass_and_moisture	conditioning_and_storage	conditioned product and storage loss	batch mass, moisture tests, silo/bin stock, temperature/aeration, and release records	lot_id; input_mass; output_mass; moisture_in; moisture_out; opening_stock; closing_stock; storage_days; rejected_mass	calibrated mass measurement, representative moisture sampling, and stock reconciliation	kg; % m/m; day	each lot transfer; stock at least monthly	entire included storage/conditioning interval	each included dryer, bin, warehouse, or contractor	reconcile product, moisture change, removals, and stock; normalize to released product	calibration; laboratory/moisture-meter checks; inventory count; release certificate
cp_process_energy_conditioning	conditioning_and_storage	conditioning electricity and purchased thermal energy	utility meter, submeter, fuel invoice, tank/stock, and equipment log	meter_id; opening_reading; closing_reading; fuel_quantity; unit; heating_value_basis; allocation_driver; operating_hours	prefer process submetering; otherwise reconcile facility totals and document allocation	kWh; MJ; fuel-native unit	each batch/campaign or at least monthly	entire included storage/conditioning interval	each included dryer, bin, warehouse, or contractor	subtract non-production uses; allocate only documented shared energy; normalize to conditioned product	meter calibration; invoices; meter photos/exports; allocation worksheet
cp_packaging_records	packaging	rice input/output, packaging material, and scrap	packaging bill of materials, issue/return records, packed-unit count, net-content checks, scrap and spill logs	package_type; material; unit_mass; units_used; unused_return; product_input; net_product_output; scrap_mass; spill_mass	verified BOM plus scale/count records and periodic net-content checks	kg; item	each packaging run	full reporting period	every included packaging line	calculate actual packaging consumption and reconcile rice input/output; exclude packaging from reference mass	supplier specification; scale calibration; issue/return record; net-content inspection

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	all inventory rows	normalized amount = period flow amount / net conforming husked-rice mass at the declared output gate	period flow amount; net conforming output mass	amount per 1 kg reference flow	mass-balance-identity
calc_stock_adjusted_input	paddy and intermediate product transfers	consumed input = receipts + opening stock − closing stock − documented transfers out	receipts; opening stock; closing stock; transfers	stock-adjusted process input	mass-balance-identity
calc_dry_matter	optional moisture-normalized comparison	dry mass = as-received mass × (1 − moisture_percent/100); report alongside, never instead of, the commercial 1 kg reference mass unless the study explicitly changes the functional basis	mass; moisture_percent	dry matter mass	mass-balance-identity
calc_process_mass_balance	cleaning, dehusking, conditioning, and packaging	reconcile measured mass inputs with products, co-products, wastes, moisture change, and stock change; investigate and disclose unexplained imbalance rather than forcing closure	measured inputs; outputs; moisture; stocks	mass-balance statement and unexplained difference	mass-balance-identity
calc_energy_normalization	purchased electricity and thermal energy	energy per reference flow = attributable metered energy / net conforming output mass; retain original carrier and conversion basis	meter/invoice values; allocation driver; output mass	kWh or MJ per kg reference flow	mass-balance-identity
calc_allocation_share	unavoidable shared burdens	allocated burden = shared burden × documented allocation share; shares across all co-products must sum to 1 on the same physical and moisture basis	shared burden; co-product quantities; selected physical relation	burden assigned to husked rice and each co-product	iso-14044-2006

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	reference product	Demonstrate that only the husk is intentionally removed; record any whitening/polishing equipment or operation as out of scope and do not label its output as this reference product.	process flow diagram; equipment list; product specification; lot inspection; codex-cxs-198-1995-rice
dq_measurement	mass, moisture, and energy	Use calibrated or verified instruments, retain raw readings, and document sampling and unit conversions.	calibration certificates; meter records; laboratory or moisture-meter checks
dq_temporal	foreground reporting period	Cover a representative production period including material seasonal or campaign variation; if less than a full operating year is used, justify representativeness and disclose exclusions.	production calendar; monthly/batch coverage table; representativeness statement
dq_geographic_technology	paddy supply and processing	Declare country/region, facility, dehusking technology, conditioning route, energy supply, and outsourced operations.	supplier records; facility description; equipment records; dataset metadata
dq_completeness	all included processes	Reconcile paddy, product, husk, rejects, dust, moisture effects, and stock change; list missing flows and estimation methods explicitly.	mass-balance worksheet; completeness checklist; exception log
dq_source_provenance	secondary data and calculated emissions	Record dataset/factor identity, version/date, geography, technology, unit basis, and replacement rationale.	source register; calculation workbook; review record
dq_provisional_ranges	all reasoned_estimate ranges	Treat provisional ranges only as QA screens. Replace them with representative measured values and reviewed source-backed evidence; do not use them as automatic substitutions without disclosure.	foreground records; source update; methodology review decision

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validation_identity	product identity and scope	Confirm the product is husked rice with the husk removed and bran normally retained. Reject paddy rice, intentionally milled/whitened rice, parboiled rice, and further-processed rice products.	codex-cxs-198-1995-rice
validation_reference_flow	quantitative reference	Require exactly 1 kg net husked rice using product-flow UUID f762700e-8463-40fa-a164-0ecd28c744d6, Mass UUID 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, Units of mass UUID 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66, and unit kg.
validation_qualifiers	reference product metadata	Require every reference-flow qualifier, including dehusking state, gate, moisture basis, origin, technology, conditioning/packaging status, grade/specification, and production period.	codex-cxs-198-1995-rice
validation_process_completeness	process inventory	Require paddy_receipt_and_cleaning and dehusking_and_separation; require conditional process sections when those operations occur before the declared gate.
validation_mass_balance	each foreground process and reporting period	Require a documented mass balance including inputs, products, husk, wastes, moisture change, and stock change; unresolved imbalance must be quantified and disclosed.	mass-balance-identity
validation_moisture_and_quality	direct-human-consumption product claiming Codex conformity	Verify moisture is no more than 15% m/m and check applicable extraneous-matter limits for husked rice; otherwise verify and disclose the controlling market specification.	codex-cxs-198-1995-rice
validation_allocation	multifunctional operations	Require subdivision evidence or a justified allocation method, same-basis shares summing to 1, co-product destinations, and sensitivity disclosure when material.	iso-14044-2006
validation_provisional_ranges	provisional QA screens	Flag values outside a reasoned_estimate QA guardrail for review, but do not replace measured data or fail conformance solely because a provisional unsourced range is exceeded.
validation_source_traceability	non-foreground factors and datasets	Require stable identity, version/date, geography, technology, unit basis, and calculation linkage for each external dataset or factor used by the completed data package.	iso-14044-2006

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground production dataset for husked rice at a declared mill/factory gate
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset after methodology review, quality review, and publication
allowed_use	LCI/LCA studies requiring non-parboiled husked rice with compatible geography, period, technology, moisture basis, product specification, gate, and allocation method
excluded_use	Proxy for paddy cultivation alone; proxy for semi-/wholly milled, whitened, polished, parboiled, cooked, or flour products; unqualified substitution across materially different moisture, technology, or co-product allocation conditions
required_metadata	PCR id/version; Tiangong flow UUID; CPC reference; normative and Tiangong Chinese names; declared gates; geography; period; facility/technology; paddy origin; moisture and impurity basis; grain class/variety when known; grade/specification; conditioning and packaging status; allocation method; co-product destinations; upstream dataset identities
required_quality_disclosure	Measurement and calibration coverage; temporal/geographic/technology representativeness; mass-balance result; missing or estimated flows; provisional-range exceedances; secondary-data provenance; allocation sensitivity; review status
update_trigger	Material change in paddy source, product definition, dehusking/conditioning technology, output gate, energy supply, co-product destination or allocation, packaging, applicable specification, or a new reviewed source replacing a provisional range

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
codex-cxs-198-1995-rice	standard	Codex Alimentarius, CXS 198-1995, Standard for Rice, official PDF: https://www.fao.org/input/download/standards/61/CXS_198e.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Product definition; distinction among paddy, husked, and milled rice; direct-human-consumption moisture and extraneous-matter quality basis
iso-14044-2006	standard	ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines, official record: https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html (confirmed current in 2022; retrieved 2026-08-11)	LCA/LCI goal and scope, inventory, allocation, reporting, limitations, and review framework
mass-balance-identity	method_factor	Conservation-of-mass identity applied to measured process inputs, outputs, moisture change, and stock change; no external numeric factor	Process reconciliation, stock adjustment, internal transfers, normalization, and co-product share checks