Glucose and glucose syrup; fructose and fructose syrup; lactose and lactose syrup; invert sugar; sugars and sugar syrups n.e.c.; artificial honey; caramel

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to foreground data packages for the manufacture of the full CPC 3.0 subclass 23210 product category: glucose and glucose syrup; fructose and related fructose syrups; lactose and lactose syrup; invert sugar; other sugars and sugar syrups not elsewhere classified; artificial honey; and caramel. It covers liquid, concentrated, dried, crystalline, blended, inverted, and heat-converted commercial forms when the declared product remains within that category.

The PCR is route-neutral. It supports starch-based hydrolysis and saccharification, optional glucose-to-fructose isomerisation, recovery and finishing of lactose-containing streams, sucrose inversion, blending for artificial honey or other sugar syrups, and controlled heat conversion for caramel. Only the operations actually performed at the reporting facility are included in the foreground process map.

The PCR excludes native or modified starch sold as the reference product, sucrose products classified outside CPC 23210, natural honey, formulated foods or beverages whose identity is not the sugar or syrup itself, pharmaceutical dosage forms, and downstream use of the sugar product. Agricultural production, starch manufacture, milk or whey production, sucrose production, and other upstream feedstock production remain outside the foreground boundary unless performed at the same site and explicitly included.

Dextrose Monohydrate is the database-backed representative product form for this category, not a universal identity for every covered product. A foreground data package must declare its actual product subtype and form. When a more specific Tiangong product flow exists for the actual glucose syrup, fructose syrup, lactose product, invert sugar, artificial honey, caramel, or other covered form, that flow must replace the representative UUID; the representative UUID must never be silently reused for a different form.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.grain-mill-products-starches-and-starch-products-other-food-products.glucose-and-glucose-syrup-fructose-and-fructose-syrup-lactose-and-lactose-syrup-invert-dfd54172
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 23210
covered_products	glucose and glucose syrup; dried glucose syrup; dextrose forms; fructose and fructose-containing sugar syrups; lactose and lactose syrup; invert sugar and invert syrup; other sugars and sugar syrups n.e.c.; artificial honey; caramel
excluded_products	native or modified starch as final product; sucrose products classified elsewhere; natural honey; formulated foods, beverages, and pharmaceutical dosage forms; downstream use of the sugar product
representative_product	Dextrose Monohydrate, representing purified crystalline D-glucose with one molecule of water of crystallisation; representative form only, not a default for other category members
production_route	declared route-specific combination of feedstock preparation; hydrolysis, saccharification, isomerisation, inversion, recovery, blending, or caramelisation; purification; concentration; crystallisation or drying; and packaging
market_state	as-produced bulk or packaged liquid, concentrated, dried, crystalline, blended, inverted, or heat-converted sugar product at the reporting facility gate

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	production of the declared CPC 23210 sugar or sugar-syrup product in its actual commercial subtype and physical form
How much	1 kg net product as supplied at the reporting facility gate
How well	conforming to the declared commercial or regulatory specification, with product subtype, physical form, total solids or moisture basis, and composition descriptors reported as applicable
How long or cycle	one production batch or campaign represented by the declared reporting period
reference_flow_link	rf_declared_sugar_product

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Dextrose Monohydrate 8f56ee97-f5f8-4685-a958-74f586b40cd9 (representative product form only)
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	actual product subtype; physical form; net mass basis; total solids or moisture content; dry-basis composition, dextrose equivalent, or fructose content where applicable; feedstock family and origin; conversion and finishing route; facility geography; packaging state; allocation method; whether the representative flow UUID was retained or replaced

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comments, product descriptions, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

The representative product flow may be retained only when the actual product is Dextrose Monohydrate and the dataset specification is compatible with that identity. Otherwise, the data producer must select and fully read back a more specific Tiangong product flow before using it, or leave the product-flow UUID unresolved for review rather than substituting the representative UUID.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report 1 kg net as-supplied product at the declared gate; do not treat dry solids, solution volume, or packaged gross mass as the reference amount without conversion.
dry_matter_conversion	syrup, wet crystal, and solution records	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg as supplied and kg dry matter	Retain measured total-solids or moisture data and use batch-specific values to convert between as-supplied and dry-matter quantities; disclose both bases.
volume_to_mass	liquid product, water, and liquid input records	measured mass or measured volume with density	kg	Convert volume to mass only with a temperature- and composition-relevant measured or supplier density; retain the source value, temperature, and conversion calculation.
energy_units	electricity, steam, fuel, and recovered energy	energy or fuel-specific property	kWh, MJ, or original invoice unit	Preserve the original metered or invoice unit and document every conversion; do not combine electricity, thermal energy, and fuel mass into one undifferentiated amount.
coproduct_mass	saleable co-products and recovered product streams	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Measure each co-product separately on a consistent wet or dry basis and retain composition or moisture needed for allocation.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	receipt at the reporting facility of the declared carbohydrate feedstock, intermediate sugar stream, and other purchased materials
starting_condition_role	foreground gate-in condition for route-specific sugar manufacture or finishing
product_classification_scope	CPC 3.0 subclass 23210, independent of the representative Dextrose Monohydrate form
recursive_input_rule	a purchased input that is itself a CPC 23210 sugar or syrup is recorded as an upstream product input with its own supplier dataset and is not recursively re-manufactured inside this foreground package
upstream_dataset_requirement	every purchased feedstock, energy carrier, process chemical, purification medium, packaging material, and outsourced treatment service requires a geographically and technologically appropriate upstream dataset or an explicit unresolved-data disclosure
disclosure	declare actual product subtype and form, feedstock family, route operations, integrated upstream operations, excluded or outsourced operations, recycled streams, co-products, wastewater destination, packaging state, geography, reporting period, and allocation method

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
boundary_gate_to_gate	foreground manufacturing	Include all on-site operations from receipt of the declared feedstocks through route-specific conversion, purification, concentration, crystallisation or drying, blending or caramelisation, packaging, storage, and loading that are performed for the reference product.	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; us-epa-ap42-9-9-7-1995
boundary_route_selection	route-specific operations	Include only applicable unit operations, but require an explicit route declaration and include at least one product-making or product-finishing operation beyond simple administrative receipt.	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
boundary_upstream_inputs	purchased product and energy inputs	Keep upstream production outside the foreground boundary and link each purchased material, energy carrier, packaging material, and service to an upstream dataset; integrated on-site production must instead be modelled in the foreground and disclosed.
boundary_direct_releases	direct emissions and wastes	Include measured direct releases to air and water, solid and liquid wastes, spent purification media, wastewater treatment, recovered energy, and off-site treatment routes attributable to the foreground system.	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031
boundary_downstream_exclusion	downstream life cycle	Exclude distribution beyond the declared gate, product use, incorporation into food or other products, and end-of-life unless the study explicitly extends the boundary and reports the extension separately.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
feedstock_preparation	Feedstock receipt and preparation	required	always; use only the feedstock operations performed at the reporting facility	foreground feedstock intake, cleaning, dilution, dissolution, screening, or slurry preparation	kg prepared carbohydrate stream
route_specific_conversion	Route-specific carbohydrate conversion	conditional	include when hydrolysis, liquefaction, saccharification, isomerisation, sucrose inversion, lactose recovery, blending, or controlled heat conversion occurs on site	foreground conversion to the declared sugar identity	kg converted or blended sugar stream
product_finishing	Purification, concentration, crystallisation, drying, packaging, and storage	required	always; record only applicable finishing steps and explicitly state omitted steps	foreground finishing and facility-gate product output	1 kg net reference product
onsite_wastewater_treatment	On-site wastewater treatment	conditional	include when wastewater is treated or energy/material is recovered on site	foreground treatment and direct discharge accounting	kg or m3 wastewater treated

Process: Feedstock receipt and preparation (feedstock_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Declared carbohydrate feedstock (declared_carbohydrate_feedstock)

Record every route-specific feedstock crossing the facility boundary, such as starch slurry, glucose liquor, sucrose solution, whey or lactose-rich stream, purchased sugar, or another declared sugar intermediate. Do not use one generic feedstock amount to conceal mixed feedstocks.

• Selected flow: route-specific feedstock selected from actual supplier identity; no category-wide default UUID
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg as supplied and kg dry matter where applicable
• Amount rule: measured net receipt by feedstock lot, corrected for returns and linked to measured moisture or total solids
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_feedstock_receipts
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Preparation water (preparation_water)

Record freshwater and externally supplied process water used for washing, dilution, dissolution, slurry preparation, and cleaning associated with this process. Internal recycled water is tracked separately and not counted again as an external input.

• Selected flow: Process water; select a geographically appropriate product flow when available
• Flow property / unit: measured mass or volume / kg or m3
• Amount rule: metered or calculated from calibrated batch additions, net of separately measured returned water
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_water
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared carbohydrate stream (prepared_carbohydrate_stream)

Record the mass and composition of the prepared stream transferred to conversion or finishing. This internal product flow links the measured feedstock and water balance to the next applicable process.

• Selected flow: route-specific prepared carbohydrate stream; internal foreground flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass or calculated mass from calibrated vessel level and batch-specific density
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_intermediate_streams
• Sources:

Waste flows

Feedstock preparation rejects (feedstock_preparation_rejects)

Record screened foreign material, off-specification feedstock, filter residues, and other rejects leaving this process, with destination and treatment route.

• Selected flow: route-specific preparation reject or waste flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured container, scale, or disposal record mass by waste type
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_coproducts
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Process: Route-specific carbohydrate conversion (route_specific_conversion)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared or purchased sugar-bearing stream (conversion_feedstock_stream)

Record the actual feedstock entering hydrolysis, saccharification, isomerisation, inversion, lactose recovery, blending, or caramelisation. When this process is omitted, route the prepared stream directly to product finishing.

• Selected flow: route-specific internal or purchased sugar-bearing stream
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg as supplied and kg dry matter where applicable
• Amount rule: measured transfer or receipt mass with batch-specific solids or composition
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_intermediate_streams
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; us-epa-ap42-9-9-7-1995

Conversion agents and processing aids (conversion_agents)

Record enzymes, acids, bases, catalysts, salts, decolourising agents, ion-exchange regenerants, and blending ingredients separately by actual material identity. Include only agents used by the declared route.

• Selected flow: material-specific product flow selected from purchase specification
• Flow property / unit: purchase-unit property with SI conversion retained
• Amount rule: issued-to-batch mass or volume minus measured returns, normalized by conforming product output
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_processing_materials
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; us-epa-ap42-9-9-7-1995

Conversion electricity (conversion_electricity)

Record metered electricity for agitation, pumping, separation, controls, and other conversion equipment.

• Selected flow: geographically appropriate electricity supply product flow
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: submetered use, or documented equipment-hour allocation when no dedicated meter exists
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Conversion thermal energy or fuel (conversion_thermal_energy)

Record steam, heat, or fuel used for gelatinisation, reaction temperature control, inversion, caramelisation, cleaning, or other route-specific thermal duties.

• Selected flow: actual steam, heat, or fuel input flow
• Flow property / unit: Energy or fuel-specific property / MJ, kg, Nm3, or original meter unit
• Amount rule: metered use or documented boiler and distribution allocation with conversion efficiency retained
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Outputs

Product flows

Converted, inverted, blended, or heat-converted sugar stream (converted_sugar_stream)

Record the actual intermediate product identity, mass, total solids or moisture, and composition descriptor transferred to finishing.

• Selected flow: route-specific internal sugar stream; internal foreground flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass with batch-specific solids and product-identity test result
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_intermediate_streams
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; codex-cxs-212-1999

Waste flows

Conversion wastewater (conversion_wastewater)

Record purge, washing, spent regenerant, mother-liquor losses classified as waste, and other wastewater leaving conversion, without double counting water routed to reuse.

• Selected flow: route-specific wastewater flow
• Flow property / unit: measured mass or volume / kg or m3
• Amount rule: metered discharge or balanced tank-volume record by destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031

Elementary flows

Process: Purification, concentration, crystallisation, drying, packaging, and storage (product_finishing)

Inputs

Product flows

Route-specific finishing feed (finishing_feed_stream)

Record the converted stream or directly purchased/prepared sugar stream entering the actual finishing sequence. Identify whether purification, evaporation, crystallisation, drying, blending, packaging, or storage is performed.

• Selected flow: route-specific internal or purchased finishing feed
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg as supplied and kg dry matter where applicable
• Amount rule: measured transfer or receipt mass with solids and composition record
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_intermediate_streams
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; us-epa-ap42-9-9-7-1995

Purification, finishing, and packaging materials (finishing_materials)

Record activated carbon, filter aids, resin make-up and regenerants, anticaking agents, packaging, and other materials actually consumed in finishing, separately by identity.

• Selected flow: material-specific product flow selected from purchase specification
• Flow property / unit: purchase-unit property with SI conversion retained
• Amount rule: issued quantity minus measured returns or reusable stock change, normalized by conforming product output
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_processing_materials
• Sources: codex-cxs-212-1999; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Finishing electricity (finishing_electricity)

Record electricity used for filtration, pumping, centrifugation, cooling, crystallisation, drying, conveying, packing, and storage attributable to the product.

• Selected flow: geographically appropriate electricity supply product flow
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: submetered use, or documented equipment-hour allocation when no dedicated meter exists
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Finishing thermal energy or fuel (finishing_thermal_energy)

Record steam, heat, or fuel for evaporation, concentration, drying, hot cleaning, and temperature control, keeping each energy carrier distinct.

• Selected flow: actual steam, heat, or fuel input flow
• Flow property / unit: Energy or fuel-specific property / MJ, kg, Nm3, or original meter unit
• Amount rule: metered use or documented boiler and distribution allocation with conversion efficiency retained
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; us-epa-ap42-9-9-7-1995

Waste flows

Outputs

Product flows

Declared CPC 23210 sugar product (declared_sugar_product)

Record conforming net product output by actual subtype and form. Dextrose Monohydrate is selected only for matching crystalline monohydrate product; otherwise select a more specific product flow or retain an explicit unresolved identity issue.

• Selected flow: Dextrose Monohydrate 8f56ee97-f5f8-4685-a958-74f586b40cd9 only when the actual product matches; otherwise route-specific product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured conforming net output normalized to exactly 1 kg reference product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg net declared product at the reporting facility gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_product_records
• Sources: codex-cxs-212-1999

Saleable co-products and recovered fractions (saleable_coproducts)

Record each saleable co-product or recovered fraction separately, including mother liquor, fibre, gluten, germ-derived fractions, recovered sugar streams, or other outputs when they leave the system with an economic or functional use.

• Selected flow: co-product-specific product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg on declared wet or dry basis
• Amount rule: measured dispatched mass or inventory-adjusted production mass by co-product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_coproducts
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; us-epa-ap42-9-9-7-1995

Waste flows

Finishing solid and liquid wastes (finishing_wastes)

Record spent carbon, filter media, off-specification product managed as waste, cleaning residues, packaging waste, and other wastes by treatment destination.

• Selected flow: waste-specific flow by material and treatment route
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured container, scale, manifest, or service-provider record mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_coproducts
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Finishing wastewater (finishing_wastewater)

Record condensate not reused, washing water, spent regenerant, product losses to drain, and other wastewater by on-site or off-site destination.

• Selected flow: route-specific wastewater flow
• Flow property / unit: measured mass or volume / kg or m3
• Amount rule: metered discharge or balanced tank-volume record, net of separately measured reuse
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031

Elementary flows

Direct air emissions from conversion and finishing (direct_air_emissions)

Record measured or permitted direct emissions from dryers, material handling, boilers, caramelisation, and other on-site sources. Do not create zero emissions merely because a source lacks a published factor.

• Selected flow: substance-specific elementary flow for each measured or calculated release
• Flow property / unit: substance mass / kg
• Amount rule: monitored emission mass or documented calculation from measured activity and an applicable source factor
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emissions
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031; us-epa-ap42-9-9-7-1995

Process: On-site wastewater treatment (onsite_wastewater_treatment)

Inputs

Product flows

Wastewater treatment materials and energy (wastewater_treatment_inputs)

Record treatment chemicals, electricity, heat, and externally supplied treatment services separately when on-site treatment is included.

• Selected flow: input-specific chemical, electricity, heat, or service flow
• Flow property / unit: input-specific property and original metered or invoice unit
• Amount rule: treatment-system meter, stock, invoice, or batch record allocated to product-attributable wastewater
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031

Waste flows

Foreground wastewater sent to treatment (wastewater_to_treatment)

Record wastewater transferred from preparation, conversion, and finishing without double counting internal transfers.

• Selected flow: route-specific wastewater flow
• Flow property / unit: measured mass or volume / kg or m3
• Amount rule: summed metered or balanced internal transfers to the treatment system
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Outputs

Product flows

Recovered biogas or useful treatment output (recovered_treatment_output)

Record recovered biogas, reusable water, or another useful treatment output only when it is measured and actually used or exported; otherwise omit this row from the implemented inventory.

• Selected flow: output-specific product flow
• Flow property / unit: output-specific property and measured unit
• Amount rule: measured recovered amount net of flaring, internal loss, and non-use
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Wastewater-treatment sludge (wastewater_treatment_sludge)

Record sludge or other treatment residues by measured wet and, when available, dry mass and final treatment route.

• Selected flow: sludge or residue flow matched to treatment destination
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg wet and kg dry matter when available
• Amount rule: measured removal mass with moisture or solids record
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031

Elementary flows

Treated water discharge (treated_water_discharge)

Record the discharged water volume and monitored pollutant loads by receiving compartment. Off-site treatment transfer remains a waste or service flow rather than an elementary discharge from this facility.

• Selected flow: water-to-receiving-compartment and pollutant-specific elementary flows
• Flow property / unit: volume for water and mass for pollutant load / m3 and kg
• Amount rule: monitored discharge volume multiplied by matched-period concentration for each pollutant, or direct load measurement
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_effluent_monitoring
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid	multifunctional foreground operations	First avoid allocation by subdividing separately metered operations or expanding the system only when the substituted function and data are explicitly justified.	eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279; iso-14044-2006
allocation_physical	inseparable joint production	When subdivision or justified system expansion is not possible, use a documented physical relationship that reflects how measured inputs and outputs change with the co-products; do not select mass allocation solely because mass data are available.	eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279; iso-14044-2006
allocation_economic_last_resort	co-products without defensible physical relationship	Use reporting-period economic allocation only as a last resort; record product and co-product quantities, prices, currency, price period, source records, and sensitivity to material price changes.	eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279
allocation_waste_status	residues, recovered streams, and wastes	Classify an output as product, co-product, or waste from its documented destination, specification, and economic or functional use; do not assign zero burden or credit by label alone.
allocation_internal_recycling	internally recycled water, syrup, mother liquor, heat, and treatment outputs	Represent internal recycling as an internal transfer and count only make-up inputs, losses, exported outputs, and treatment burdens so the same quantity is not counted twice.	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_feedstock_receipts	feedstock_preparation	declared carbohydrate feedstock	receipt, scale, and supplier quality record	material identity; supplier; lot; gross, tare, and net mass; total solids or moisture; composition; return quantity	weighbridge or calibrated scale plus supplier certificate and receiving test	kg as supplied; kg dry matter	each lot	complete reporting period	all included receiving points	sum accepted net receipts by material and normalize to conforming output	calibration, ticket, certificate, and rejection record
cp_process_water	feedstock_preparation	preparation and process water	meter and batch record	meter id; opening and closing readings; batch additions; recycled-water transfer; purpose	calibrated meter or calibrated vessel addition	m3 or kg	continuous or each batch	complete reporting period	all included processes	external make-up water minus measured returns; report internal reuse separately	meter calibration, balance check, and missing-data log
cp_intermediate_streams	feedstock_preparation; route_specific_conversion; product_finishing	internal carbohydrate streams	tank, flow-meter, and laboratory record	stream identity; source and destination; mass or volume; density; temperature; total solids; composition	calibrated mass or volume measurement with matched sample	kg; m3; mass fraction	each transfer or batch	complete reporting period	all included process transfers	convert to mass with matched density, retain as-supplied and dry-matter bases, and reconcile by batch	instrument calibration, sample id, laboratory method, and mass-balance reconciliation
cp_processing_materials	route_specific_conversion; product_finishing	conversion, purification, finishing, and packaging materials	stock issue, batch sheet, and purchase record	material identity; lot; issued quantity; returned quantity; concentration; unit; purpose	controlled stores issue or metered dosing	kg, L, or purchase unit	each batch or issue	complete reporting period	all included processes	issued minus returned quantity, converted with measured concentration or density where needed	stock reconciliation, dosing calibration, and purchase specification
cp_energy_records	route_specific_conversion; product_finishing	electricity, steam, heat, and fuel	meter, invoice, and equipment-run record	carrier; meter id; readings; fuel quantity; steam condition; allocation driver; conversion factor	submeter preferred; otherwise documented engineering allocation	kWh, MJ, kg, Nm3, or invoice unit	continuous, monthly, or each batch	complete reporting period	all included processes and shared utilities	subtract exports, preserve carrier-specific totals, and allocate shared utilities with recorded driver	meter calibration, invoice reconciliation, and conversion sheet
cp_final_product_records	product_finishing	declared reference product	production, packing, warehouse, and quality record	actual product subtype; flow UUID used; batch; gross, tare, and net mass; total solids or moisture; composition; packaging; release status	calibrated scale or mass flow meter plus release test	kg as supplied; kg dry matter	each batch and shipment	complete reporting period	all included product lines	accepted net output adjusted for stock change and returns; normalize inventory to 1 kg	calibration, batch release, warehouse reconciliation, and product specification
cp_waste_and_coproducts	feedstock_preparation; product_finishing	rejects, co-products, and wastes	scale, container, manifest, and dispatch record	material identity; product/waste status; mass; moisture; destination; treatment; revenue where allocation needs it	calibrated scale or service-provider record	kg wet; kg dry matter	each removal or shipment	complete reporting period	all included processes	sum by identity and destination; keep products and wastes separate	scale record, manifest, destination evidence, and stock reconciliation
cp_wastewater_records	route_specific_conversion; product_finishing; onsite_wastewater_treatment	wastewater generation and transfer	meter, tank, and routing record	source process; destination; volume; density where used; reused volume; transfer time	calibrated flow meter or balanced tank measurement	m3 or kg	continuous or each transfer	complete reporting period	all included drains and transfer points	sum net external discharge or treatment transfer; exclude internal reuse from external input and output totals	meter calibration, water balance, routing diagram, and missing-data log
cp_direct_emissions	product_finishing	direct air emissions	stack test, continuous monitor, permit, and activity record	source; pollutant; concentration; flow; duration; activity; factor and factor source if calculated	compliant monitoring or source-specific calculation	kg pollutant	monitoring event and operating period	representative operation within reporting period	all included direct sources	calculate matched-period mass by source and sum without replacing non-detects by unsupported zeroes	laboratory report, calibration, operating log, and calculation file
cp_wastewater_treatment	onsite_wastewater_treatment	treatment inputs, residues, and recovered outputs	meter, stock, laboratory, and removal record	input identity; quantity; treated volume; sludge mass and solids; recovered gas or water; destination	treatment-system meters, calibrated scale, and laboratory test	input-specific; m3; kg; MJ	continuous, each batch, or each removal	complete reporting period	on-site treatment system	allocate treatment totals to measured wastewater source loads and reconcile outputs	meter calibration, treatment log, laboratory result, and destination record
cp_effluent_monitoring	onsite_wastewater_treatment	treated discharge and pollutant loads	discharge meter and laboratory record	discharge volume; sample time; pollutant; concentration; receiving compartment; detection limit	calibrated discharge meter and representative compliant sampling	m3; mg/L; kg	permit or operational monitoring frequency	complete reporting period	every included discharge point	match volume and concentration periods and calculate pollutant mass load	chain of custody, accredited laboratory result, meter calibration, and permit record

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalize_to_reference_product	all foreground amounts	normalized amount = reporting-period amount / reporting-period conforming net product kg	collected input or output amount; cp_final_product_records conforming net output	amount per 1 kg reference product
convert_to_dry_matter	feedstock, intermediate, product, and co-product records	dry mass = as-supplied mass multiplied by measured total-solids mass fraction; retain the unconverted record and test basis	as-supplied mass; matched total-solids or moisture result	kg dry matter and conversion trace	codex-cxs-212-1999
liquid_volume_to_mass	liquid product and input records	mass = measured volume multiplied by density measured or specified for the same composition and temperature	volume; density; temperature; composition	kg as supplied
effluent_pollutant_load	direct water emissions	pollutant load = matched-period discharge volume multiplied by measured concentration with explicit unit conversion	cp_effluent_monitoring volume and concentration	kg pollutant per 1 kg reference product	eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031
foreground_mass_balance	each process and reporting period	reconcile measured mass inputs, product and co-product outputs, wastes, water transfers, stock changes, and documented losses on consistent wet and dry bases; investigate material unexplained imbalance	all material collection protocols	signed process and facility mass-balance reconciliation
economic_allocation_share	economic allocation when approved	allocation share = reference product revenue / total revenue of jointly produced products for the same reporting period and market basis	co-product quantities; prices; currency; price period	disclosed allocation factor and sensitivity	eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	reference product	The record must state actual product subtype, form, specification, total-solids or moisture basis, route, packaging state, and selected Tiangong flow UUID; any use of the representative UUID must demonstrate a Dextrose Monohydrate match.	batch release, specification, flow readback, and codex-cxs-212-1999 where applicable
dq_temporal_coverage	all foreground records	Cover a complete and representative reporting period, identify shutdowns and atypical campaigns, and quantify any extrapolation or missing interval.	meter and production completeness reconciliation
dq_measurement	measured quantities	Use calibrated meters or scales and retain original units, conversions, calibration status, and uncertainty or instrument resolution.	calibration certificates and calculation records
dq_material_balance	material flows	Reconcile wet and dry mass by process and facility; investigate and disclose material unexplained imbalance instead of forcing closure.	signed mass-balance worksheet
dq_energy_separation	energy inputs	Report electricity, purchased heat or steam, and each fuel separately; disclose shared-utility allocation and conversion efficiency.	meters, invoices, and allocation worksheet
dq_water_and_wastewater	water and wastewater	Distinguish external water input, internal reuse, wastewater transfer, off-site treatment, and direct discharge; match monitored pollutant loads to the correct volume and period.	water balance, routing diagram, and monitoring records
dq_allocation	multifunctional operations	Retain the hierarchy decision, allocation driver, co-product classification, source records, factor calculation, and sensitivity when economic data are used.	allocation worksheet and approval record
dq_source_currency	external rules and specifications	Verify that the applicable product specification, regulation, permit, and monitoring method are current for the facility and market at dataset release.	dated source review and release checklist

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
validate_category_scope	product identity	Confirm that the declared product is within the full CPC 3.0 subclass 23210 scope and is not an excluded starch, sucrose, natural honey, formulated food, beverage, or pharmaceutical dosage form.	un-cpc-v3-2025
validate_representative_flow_use	reference product flow	Accept 8f56ee97-f5f8-4685-a958-74f586b40cd9 only for actual Dextrose Monohydrate; for every other form require a more specific verified flow or an explicit unresolved identity finding, never silent representative-flow reuse.	codex-cxs-212-1999
validate_reference_support_chain	reference measurement	Confirm the Product flow reference uses Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66, and kg without dataset-version suffixes.
validate_required_qualifiers	dataset metadata	Reject conformance when actual product subtype, form, net-mass basis, solids or moisture, applicable composition descriptor, feedstock, route, geography, packaging, and allocation method are missing.	codex-cxs-212-1999
validate_route_coverage	process map	Confirm that the process map records the actual product-making route and includes all applicable conversion and finishing operations, plus on-site wastewater treatment when performed.	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; us-epa-ap42-9-9-7-1995
validate_foreground_coverage	foreground inventory	Require collected or calculated values for feedstocks, water, processing materials, electricity, thermal energy or fuel, conforming product, co-products, wastes, wastewater, and direct emissions when those flows occur; an absent source must be documented as not applicable rather than entered as unsupported zero.	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031
validate_mass_and_dry_basis	mass balance	Confirm that as-supplied and dry-matter quantities use matched batch or period solids data and that mass-balance discrepancies are investigated and disclosed.	codex-cxs-212-1999
validate_allocation	multifunctionality	Confirm that subdivision or justified system expansion was considered first and that any physical or economic allocation is reproducible from retained records and sensitivity evidence.	eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279; iso-14044-2006
validate_data_currency	dataset release	Confirm source review, flow identity, technology, product specification, permit conditions, and foreground records remain representative at release; otherwise update or disclose the limitation.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	unit_process foreground data package for a declared CPC 23210 sugar or sugar-syrup product
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	downstream process or lifecyclemodel work only when product subtype, physical form, solids or moisture basis, feedstock, route, geography, packaging state, and facility gate match the intended use or are explicitly adjusted
excluded_use	silent substitution among glucose, fructose, lactose, invert sugar, artificial honey, caramel, liquid syrup, dried syrup, anhydrous crystal, and monohydrate forms; use as a generic sugar-market dataset without representativeness review; product-comparative claims without additional review
required_metadata	canonical PCR id; CPC reference; actual product subtype; physical form; selected product-flow UUID; reference mass basis; total solids or moisture; applicable composition descriptor; feedstock; route; facility and geography; reporting period; technology; packaging; boundary; allocation method; upstream datasets
required_quality_disclosure	foreground record coverage; missing-data treatment; meter and scale quality; mass and water balances; wet-to-dry conversions; direct-emission and wastewater monitoring; co-product classification; allocation factors and sensitivity; unresolved flow identities; source review date
update_trigger	change in actual product form or specification; feedstock; conversion or finishing route; flow identity; site or geography; energy system; wastewater destination; co-product handling; allocation basis; packaging; permit; external method source; or material foreground data quality

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-v3-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification Version 3.0, code 23210, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/CPC (retrieved 2026-08-10)	full product-category scope and classification identity
codex-cxs-212-1999	standard	Codex Alimentarius Commission, CXS 212-1999, Standard for Sugars, amended through 2022, https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fworkspace.fao.org%2Fsites%2Fcodex%2FStandards%2FCXS+212-1999%2FCXS_212e.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-10)	product definitions, composition and solids qualifiers, labelling distinctions, and release-quality evidence for covered standardized sugars
eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019	official_guidance	European Commission Joint Research Centre, Best Available Techniques Reference Document for the Food, Drink and Milk Industries, 2019, https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/food-drink-and-milk-industries (retrieved 2026-08-10)	starch-sweetener process decomposition, route operations, water and energy accounting, co-products, direct releases, and wastewater treatment boundary
eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031	official_guidance	Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/2031 establishing BAT conclusions for the food, drink and milk industries, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2019/2031/oj (retrieved 2026-08-10)	monitoring and quality requirements for resource use, wastewater, and direct emissions where applicable
us-epa-ap42-9-9-7-1995	official_guidance	United States Environmental Protection Agency, AP-42 Section 9.9.7 Corn Wet Milling, January 1995, https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-10/documents/c9s09-7.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-10)	starch-based glucose syrup and dextrose process decomposition and identification of potential direct-emission sources; not used as a generic quantitative factor
eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279	official_guidance	Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on the use of Environmental Footprint methods, corrected text, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021H2279 (retrieved 2026-08-10)	allocation hierarchy and disclosure of physical or economic allocation choices
iso-14044-2006	standard	ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines, including published amendments, https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html (retrieved 2026-08-10)	LCA inventory and allocation framework