Coffee, decaffeinated or roasted

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR governs foreground manufacturing data for CPC 3.0 class 23911: decaffeinated green coffee, roasted whole-bean coffee, and roasted ground coffee, including roasted coffee that was decaffeinated before roasting. It applies from receipt of green coffee at the manufacturing site through preparation, any on-site decaffeination, roasting and cooling when applicable, grinding when applicable, and packing at the factory gate.

Cultivation, coffee-cherry processing, and transport to the factory remain upstream and shall be represented by linked datasets. Retail, preparation of a beverage, use, and end-of-life are outside the foreground boundary. Instant or soluble coffee, extracts, essences, concentrates, coffee preparations, non-decaffeinated green coffee as a sale product, substitutes, and husks or skins marketed as products are outside this PCR.

The dataset shall declare one product form and one route. A decaffeination route is selected only when decaffeination occurs in the foreground; water, carbon dioxide, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and coffee-oil routes are alternatives and shall never be presented as concurrent default inputs.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.grain-mill-products-starches-and-starch-products-other-food-products.coffee-decaffeinated-or-roasted
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 23911, exact
covered_products	Decaffeinated green coffee; roasted whole-bean coffee; roasted ground coffee; roasted coffee decaffeinated before roasting
excluded_products	Non-decaffeinated green coffee as sale product; instant or soluble coffee; coffee extracts, essences, concentrates, and preparations; coffee substitutes; brewed beverages; husks and skins sold as products
representative_product	The declared CPC 23911 coffee product at the packing gate
production_route	Prepared green coffee; conditional decaffeination by exactly one declared route; conditional roasting and cooling; conditional grinding; packing
market_state	Net coffee product ready to leave the manufacturing site, with packaging inventoried separately

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	The declared decaffeinated green, roasted whole-bean, or roasted ground coffee product
How much	1 kg net coffee product, excluding packaging mass
How well	Conforming to the declared product form, roast specification, caffeine claim, moisture basis, particle-size specification when ground, and release-quality specification
How long or cycle	One manufacturing reporting period, normalized to 1 kg of conforming net product output
reference_flow_link	unresolved_reference_product_flow

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg net coffee product at the manufacturing gate
Reference product flow	Coffee, decaffeinated or roasted
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	product form; decaffeination status; decaffeination route when applicable; roast specification when applicable; species, blend, and origin declaration; moisture basis; ground particle-size specification when applicable; caffeine test method or claim basis; packaging configuration; site, geography, technology, and reporting period

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	Reference product and coffee-material transfers	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Normalize all foreground exchanges to exactly 1 kg net conforming coffee product; packaging mass is excluded from the denominator.
moisture_basis	Green, decaffeinated, roasted, and ground coffee masses	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Record as-received mass and measured moisture; state any dry-matter conversion and do not mix moisture bases.
utility_units	Electricity, steam, purchased heat, fuels, process water, and liquid carbon dioxide	Native meter unit and SI-convertible unit	kWh, MJ, kg, or m3 as applicable	Preserve the raw meter unit, conversion factor, lower or higher heating-value basis for fuels, and the normalized result.
packaging_mass	Each packaging component	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Record each material component separately; do not include packaging mass in the 1 kg coffee reference amount.
caffeine_result	Products carrying a decaffeinated claim	Method result	declared laboratory unit	Record sampling basis, result, detection or quantification limit, and method identity; ISO 20481 may be used where applicable.
quality_results	Roasted moisture and ground particle size	Method result	declared laboratory unit	Keep method-specific results with lot identity; ISO 11817 and ISO 23134 may be used where applicable.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Green coffee received at the manufacturing site, with supplier, origin, moisture, decaffeination status, and incoming mass declared
starting_condition_role	Upstream product input and foreground mass-balance starting point
product_classification_scope	CPC 3.0 23911 only for the saleable reference product; green non-decaffeinated coffee is an upstream input rather than a covered sale product
recursive_input_rule	A purchased CPC 23911 intermediate, such as decaffeinated green coffee, is recorded once as a technosphere input with its upstream dataset and is not recursively reprocessed in the foreground unless the site actually performs the process
upstream_dataset_requirement	Supplier-specific or representative upstream datasets are required for green coffee, utilities, chemicals, packaging, and purchased treatment services; geography, technology, time, and data quality shall be disclosed
disclosure	Declare product form, included process modules, decaffeination route, direct-fuel combustion, purchased utilities, emission-control and wastewater-treatment boundary, allocation, and excluded activities

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_gate_to_gate	Foreground package	Include all manufacturing operations from green-coffee receipt through packing that physically occur at the reporting site.	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-pef-2021-2279
boundary_upstream_inputs	Purchased inputs	Link upstream datasets without duplicating their production inside the foreground.	eu-pef-2021-2279
boundary_route_conditioning	Decaffeination	Include exactly the declared route and its actual inputs, recovery loops, wastes, wastewater, and emissions; mark alternative-route rows not applicable.	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; shofinita-decaf-lca-2025
boundary_complete_inventory	Water, energy, materials, waste gas, wastewater, and residues	Inventory each atomic exchange and its measurement or calculation basis; do not use aggregate utility, material, waste, or emission placeholders.	eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031
boundary_packaging	Packing	Include the actual packaging bill of materials and component scrap separately from net coffee mass.	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; cheron-bessou-coffee-lca-2024

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
green_coffee_preparation	Green coffee receiving, cleaning, sorting, and blending	required	Always	Establish incoming coffee identity and prepared lot mass	Per 1 kg net reference product
decaffeination	Green coffee decaffeination and redrying	conditional	On-site production of a decaffeinated product	Remove caffeine using exactly one declared route	Per 1 kg net reference product
roasting_cooling	Roasting and cooling	conditional	Roasted whole-bean or ground product	Roast, quench when used, cool, and separate silverskin	Per 1 kg net reference product
grinding	Grinding	conditional	Ground roasted product	Reduce roasted beans to declared particle-size specification	Per 1 kg net reference product
packing	Packing	required	Always	Produce the saleable reference product and record component packaging	Exactly 1 kg net reference product
cleaning_effluent_management	Equipment cleaning and on-site effluent handling	conditional	Water, cleaning chemicals, or on-site effluent handling are used	Record cleaning resources, wastewater, sludge, and any direct water release	Per 1 kg net reference product

Process: Green coffee receiving, cleaning, sorting, and blending (green_coffee_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Green coffee (input_green_coffee)

Record the weighed green coffee crossing the site boundary, adjusted only by the documented inventory-change rule.

• Selected flow: Coffee, green b8869823-9c26-4580-9c45-95a626e0ca2a
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net received green-coffee mass attributable to the reporting product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_green_coffee_records
• Sources: un-cpc-3-2025; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Electricity for preparation (input_electricity_preparation)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Submetered electricity for receiving, cleaning, sorting, conveying, and blending
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_green_coffee_records
• Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared green coffee (output_prepared_green_coffee)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Prepared green coffee
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate from accepted incoming mass, separated wastes, dust losses, and inventory change
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_green_coffee_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Removed foreign matter (output_foreign_matter_waste)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Foreign matter from green coffee cleaning, waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed foreign matter sent to the declared treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_green_coffee_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Rejected green coffee (output_rejected_green_coffee_waste)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Rejected green coffee beans, waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed rejected beans sent to the declared treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_green_coffee_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Collected preparation dust (output_preparation_dust_waste)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Coffee dust from preparation, waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed dust captured by collection equipment
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_green_coffee_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Elementary flows

Preparation particulate matter to air (output_preparation_pm_air)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Particulate matter, less than 10 micrometres, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured or mass-balance-calculated uncaptured preparation dust emitted to air
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_air_emission_records
• Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Process: Green coffee decaffeination and redrying (decaffeination)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared green coffee for decaffeination (input_prepared_green_coffee_decaf)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Prepared green coffee
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Recorded prepared coffee charged to the selected decaffeination route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_decaf_material_energy_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Process water for decaffeination (input_process_water_decaf)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Process water
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered make-up and extraction water; applicable only to actual wetting, steaming, water-extraction, washing, or redrying operations
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_decaf_material_energy_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; shofinita-decaf-lca-2025

Steam for decaffeination (input_steam_decaf)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Steam
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: Metered purchased or transferred steam used for moistening, stripping, or redrying; exclude steam generated from fuel already allocated to this process
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_decaf_material_energy_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; shofinita-decaf-lca-2025

Electricity for decaffeination (input_electricity_decaf)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Submetered electricity for the selected route, recovery equipment, pumps, and redrying
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_decaf_material_energy_records
• Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031; shofinita-decaf-lca-2025

Purchased heat for decaffeination (input_heat_decaf)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Heat, purchased
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: Metered purchased heat used by decaffeination and redrying; applicable only when heat crosses the site boundary
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_decaf_material_energy_records
• Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Natural gas for decaffeination (input_natural_gas_decaf)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Natural gas
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: Metered natural gas combusted on site for decaffeination heat or steam, on the declared heating-value basis
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_decaf_material_energy_records
• Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Liquefied petroleum gas for decaffeination (input_liquefied_petroleum_gas_decaf)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Liquefied petroleum gas
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: Metered liquefied petroleum gas combusted on site for decaffeination heat or steam, on the declared heating-value basis
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_decaf_material_energy_records
• Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Liquid carbon dioxide for carbon-dioxide decaffeination (input_liquid_carbon_dioxide)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, liquid
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net make-up carbon dioxide charged after recovered carbon dioxide is subtracted; applicable only to the declared carbon-dioxide route
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_decaf_route_agent_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Ethyl acetate for ethyl-acetate decaffeination (input_ethyl_acetate)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Ethyl acetate 7b656504-e685-4170-ab6a-56f948c994ee
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net make-up ethyl acetate charged after recovered inventory is subtracted; applicable only to the declared ethyl-acetate route
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_decaf_route_agent_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-extraction-solvents-2009-32; shofinita-decaf-lca-2025

Dichloromethane for dichloromethane decaffeination (input_dichloromethane)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Dichloromethane 5829259b-4eae-4041-91ec-f2259b83e756
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net make-up dichloromethane charged after recovered inventory is subtracted; applicable only to the declared dichloromethane route
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_decaf_route_agent_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-extraction-solvents-2009-32; shofinita-decaf-lca-2025

Activated carbon for water decaffeination (input_activated_carbon)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Activated carbon, food-processing grade
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net activated carbon charged to caffeine adsorption; applicable only when used in the declared water route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_decaf_route_agent_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Coffee oil for coffee-oil decaffeination (input_coffee_oil)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Coffee oil
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net make-up coffee oil charged after recovery; applicable only to the declared coffee-oil route
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_decaf_route_agent_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Decaffeinated green coffee (output_decaffeinated_green_coffee)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Decaffeinated green coffee
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate conforming redried product from route mass balance and measured moisture
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_decaf_output_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; iso-20481-2008

Recovered caffeine (output_recovered_caffeine)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Caffeine, recovered
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed recovered caffeine leaving as a separately managed product; otherwise record it in the applicable waste or wastewater row
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_decaf_output_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Spent activated carbon (output_spent_activated_carbon_waste)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Spent activated carbon from decaffeination, waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed spent carbon sent to the declared recovery or treatment route; water-route only
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_decaf_output_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Spent ethyl acetate (output_spent_ethyl_acetate_waste)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Spent ethyl acetate, waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed ethyl-acetate residue or off-specification solvent sent to recovery or treatment; ethyl-acetate route only
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_decaf_output_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; shofinita-decaf-lca-2025

Spent dichloromethane (output_spent_dichloromethane_waste)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Spent dichloromethane, waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed dichloromethane residue or off-specification solvent sent to recovery or treatment; dichloromethane route only
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_decaf_output_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; shofinita-decaf-lca-2025

Decaffeination wastewater (output_decaf_wastewater)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Wastewater from coffee decaffeination, waste
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered wastewater transferred to on-site or off-site treatment; record water-route and solvent-route streams separately in source records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_decaf_output_records
• Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Decaffeination sludge (output_decaf_sludge_waste)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Sludge from coffee decaffeination effluent treatment, waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed wet sludge with dry-matter content and treatment route declared
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_decaf_output_records
• Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Elementary flows

Carbon dioxide released by carbon-dioxide decaffeination (output_decaf_carbon_dioxide_air)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, fossil, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Carbon-dioxide route inventory loss not assigned to recovered stock, product, or waste
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_decaf_emission_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Ethyl acetate to air (output_ethyl_acetate_air)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Ethyl acetate, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Ethyl-acetate route solvent loss to air from validated solvent balance and emission measurement
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_decaf_emission_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Dichloromethane to air (output_dichloromethane_air)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Dichloromethane, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Dichloromethane-route solvent loss to air from validated solvent balance and emission measurement
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_decaf_emission_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Process: Roasting and cooling (roasting_cooling)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared regular green coffee for roasting (input_prepared_green_coffee_roasting)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Prepared green coffee
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Recorded prepared non-decaffeinated green coffee charged to the roaster; not applicable to a decaffeinated roast lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_roasting_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Decaffeinated green coffee for roasting (input_decaffeinated_green_coffee_roasting)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Decaffeinated green coffee
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Recorded decaffeinated green coffee charged to the roaster; not applicable to a regular roast lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_roasting_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Electricity for roasting and cooling (input_electricity_roasting)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Submetered electricity for roaster drives, fans, cyclones, controls, cooling, and emission control
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_roasting_energy_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Quench water for roasting (input_process_water_roasting)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Process water
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered water sprayed for quenching; applicable only when the declared roaster uses water quenching
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_roasting_energy_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Purchased heat for roasting (input_heat_roasting)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Heat, purchased
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: Metered purchased heat delivered to roasting; applicable only when heat crosses the site boundary
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_roasting_energy_records
• Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Natural gas for roasting (input_natural_gas_roasting)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Natural gas
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: Metered natural gas combusted by the roaster or dedicated thermal oxidizer, on the declared heating-value basis
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_roasting_energy_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Liquefied petroleum gas for roasting (input_liquefied_petroleum_gas_roasting)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Liquefied petroleum gas
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: Metered liquefied petroleum gas combusted by the roaster or dedicated thermal oxidizer, on the declared heating-value basis
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_roasting_energy_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Roasted coffee beans (output_roasted_coffee_beans)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Roasted coffee beans
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate conforming cooled-bean mass from weighed output, rejects, silverskin, dust, moisture loss, and inventory change
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_roasting_output_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; iso-11817-1994

Waste flows

Coffee silverskin (output_coffee_silverskin_waste)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Coffee silverskin, waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed silverskin separated by cyclone or other collection equipment, with treatment route declared
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_roasting_output_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Rejected roasted coffee (output_rejected_roasted_coffee_waste)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Rejected roasted coffee beans, waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed off-specification roasted beans sent to the declared treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_roasting_output_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Elementary flows

Biogenic carbon dioxide from coffee roasting (output_roasting_biogenic_carbon_dioxide_air)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, biogenic, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured or carbon-balance-calculated carbon dioxide released from coffee during roasting, separate from fuel combustion
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_roasting_air_emission_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Fossil carbon dioxide from roasting fuel (output_roasting_fossil_carbon_dioxide_air)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, fossil, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate from each recorded direct fuel input and documented carbon or emission factor; not applicable without on-site fossil-fuel combustion
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_roasting_air_emission_records
• Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Carbon monoxide from roasting (output_roasting_carbon_monoxide_air)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Carbon monoxide, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured stack emission normalized by the corresponding production output
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_roasting_air_emission_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Nitrogen dioxide from roasting (output_roasting_nitrogen_dioxide_air)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen dioxide, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured nitrogen-dioxide stack emission; if a method reports NOx, retain the method and conversion basis rather than relabelling the aggregate as nitrogen dioxide
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_roasting_air_emission_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Ammonia from roasting (output_roasting_ammonia_air)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Ammonia, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured stack emission normalized by the corresponding production output
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_roasting_air_emission_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Roasting particulate matter to air (output_roasting_pm_air)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Particulate matter, less than 10 micrometres, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured uncaptured particulate stack emission normalized by the corresponding production output
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_roasting_air_emission_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Process: Grinding (grinding)

Inputs

Product flows

Roasted beans for grinding (input_roasted_coffee_grinding)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Roasted coffee beans
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Recorded conforming roasted beans charged to grinding
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_grinding_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Electricity for grinding (input_electricity_grinding)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Submetered electricity for grinders, classifiers, conveyors, and dust collection
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_grinding_records
• Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Ground roasted coffee (output_ground_roasted_coffee)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Ground roasted coffee
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate conforming ground-coffee output from weighed charge, rejects, captured dust, emitted dust, and inventory change
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_grinding_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; iso-23134-2022

Waste flows

Grinding dust (output_grinding_dust_waste)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Coffee dust from grinding, waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed coffee dust captured by grinding dust-control equipment
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_grinding_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Rejected ground coffee (output_rejected_ground_coffee_waste)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Rejected ground roasted coffee, waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed off-specification ground coffee sent to the declared treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_grinding_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Elementary flows

Grinding particulate matter to air (output_grinding_pm_air)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Particulate matter, less than 10 micrometres, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured or dust-balance-calculated uncaptured particulate emitted to air
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_air_emission_records
• Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Process: Packing (packing)

Inputs

Product flows

Decaffeinated green coffee for packing (input_decaffeinated_green_coffee_packing)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Decaffeinated green coffee
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Recorded conforming product sent to packing; applicable only to decaffeinated green coffee
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packing_records
• Sources: un-cpc-3-2025; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Roasted whole-bean coffee for packing (input_roasted_whole_bean_packing)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Roasted coffee beans
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Recorded conforming product sent to packing; applicable only to roasted whole-bean coffee
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packing_records
• Sources: un-cpc-3-2025; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Ground roasted coffee for packing (input_ground_roasted_coffee_packing)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Ground roasted coffee
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Recorded conforming product sent to packing; applicable only to ground roasted coffee
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packing_records
• Sources: un-cpc-3-2025; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Electricity for packing (input_electricity_packing)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Submetered electricity for filling, sealing, gas handling, coding, conveying, and pallet wrapping
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packing_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Low-density polyethylene packaging film (input_ldpe_packaging_film)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Low-density polyethylene film
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net component mass issued to conforming packs after separately recorded scrap; applicable only when present in the bill of materials
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_bom_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; cheron-bessou-coffee-lca-2024

Aluminium packaging foil (input_aluminium_packaging_foil)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Aluminium foil
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net component mass issued to conforming packs after separately recorded scrap; applicable only when present in the bill of materials
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_bom_records
• Sources: cheron-bessou-coffee-lca-2024

Kraft paperboard carton (input_kraft_paperboard_carton)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Kraft paperboard
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net carton mass issued to conforming packs after separately recorded scrap; applicable only when present in the bill of materials
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_bom_records
• Sources: cheron-bessou-coffee-lca-2024

Polypropylene degassing valve (input_polypropylene_degassing_valve)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Polypropylene degassing valve
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net valve mass fitted to conforming packs; applicable only when present in the bill of materials
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_bom_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Wooden pallet (input_wooden_pallet)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Wooden pallet
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net non-returnable pallet mass or allocated loss of a returnable pallet; applicable only when the declared packing configuration uses pallets
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_bom_records
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Linear low-density polyethylene stretch film (input_lldpe_stretch_film)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Linear low-density polyethylene stretch film
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net stretch-film mass used for conforming shipments; applicable only when present in the packing configuration
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_bom_records
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Reference coffee product (output_reference_product)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Coffee, decaffeinated or roasted
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Exactly 1 kg net conforming product; packaging mass is excluded
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Collection protocol: cp_packing_records
• Sources: un-cpc-3-2025; eu-pef-2021-2279

Waste flows

Polyethylene packaging scrap (output_polyethylene_packaging_scrap)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Polyethylene packaging scrap, waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed low-density and linear low-density polyethylene scrap, retained as separate source records by polymer and treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_bom_records
• Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Aluminium packaging scrap (output_aluminium_packaging_scrap)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Aluminium packaging scrap, waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed aluminium foil scrap sent to the declared treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_bom_records
• Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Paperboard packaging scrap (output_paperboard_packaging_scrap)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Paperboard packaging scrap, waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed paperboard scrap sent to the declared treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_bom_records
• Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Elementary flows

Process: Equipment cleaning and on-site effluent handling (cleaning_effluent_management)

Inputs

Product flows

Cleaning water (input_cleaning_water)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Process water
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered water used for equipment and floor cleaning, excluding decaffeination and roaster-quench water
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_effluent_records
• Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Electricity for effluent handling (input_electricity_effluent)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Submetered electricity for pumps, aeration, dewatering, and other on-site effluent equipment
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_effluent_records
• Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Sodium hydroxide cleaning agent (input_sodium_hydroxide_cleaning)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net sodium hydroxide used for cleaning; applicable only when documented in the site cleaning recipe
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_effluent_records
• Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Nitric acid cleaning agent (input_nitric_acid_cleaning)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Nitric acid
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net nitric acid used for cleaning; applicable only when documented in the site cleaning recipe
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_effluent_records
• Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Waste flows

Decaffeination wastewater received for on-site treatment (input_decaf_wastewater_treatment)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Wastewater from coffee decaffeination, waste
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered decaffeination wastewater entering the on-site treatment system; applicable only when treated on site
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_effluent_records
• Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Equipment-cleaning wastewater (output_combined_process_wastewater)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Wastewater from coffee equipment cleaning, waste
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered equipment-cleaning wastewater transferred to on-site or off-site treatment, excluding decaffeination wastewater and any separately inventoried direct release
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_effluent_records
• Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Effluent-treatment sludge (output_effluent_sludge_waste)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Coffee-processing effluent sludge, waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed wet sludge with dry-matter content and treatment destination declared
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_effluent_records
• Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

Elementary flows

Treated wastewater to receiving water (output_treated_wastewater_water)

Record this single atomic exchange when it crosses the process boundary. Obtain its amount by the rule below and include it only when the declared product, route, and technology conditions apply.

• Selected flow: Water, treated, to surface water
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered final effluent discharged directly to receiving water; not applicable when all wastewater is transferred off site
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_effluent_records
• Sources: eu-bat-fdm-2019-2031

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivide_first	Shared preparation, decaffeination, roasting, grinding, packing, utilities, and treatment	First subdivide by line, batch, meter, operating time, or other causal record so the declared product receives its measured share.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_physical_then_other	Residual shared processes	If subdivision is not feasible, use a documented physical causal relationship; only if no defensible physical relation exists may another documented relationship, such as economic value, be used.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_recovered_caffeine	Recovered caffeine leaving as a product	Subdivide recovery where possible. Otherwise apply the hierarchy above; do not assign zero burden by default and disclose quantities, prices if used, and sensitivity.	eu-pef-2021-2279; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
allocation_internal_recovery	Recovered solvent, carbon dioxide, coffee oil, heat, or water reused internally	Model the internal loop once; record net make-up input, inventory change, wastes, and direct releases without creating a second product credit.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_waste_treatment	Silverskin, rejected beans, dust, spent agents, wastewater, sludge, and packaging scrap	Record the treatment route. Do not grant an avoided-product credit inside the foreground unless the chosen downstream method explicitly requires it and all substitution assumptions are disclosed.	eu-pef-2021-2279

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_green_coffee_records	green_coffee_preparation	Coffee, electricity, prepared output, foreign matter, rejects, and collected dust	Weighbridge, lot, submeter, and waste records	lot id; supplier; origin; green mass; moisture; electricity; output mass; waste masses; opening and closing stock	Reconcile calibrated scales and meter totals to production lots	kg; kWh	Each lot and monthly reconciliation	Representative consecutive reporting period, normally at least 12 months	All preparation equipment serving the declared product	Sum records, subtract inventory change, and normalize by conforming net output	Calibration, invoices, lot sheets, stock records, and waste tickets
cp_decaf_material_energy_records	decaffeination	Coffee, water, steam, electricity, purchased heat, and fuels	Batch, meter, invoice, and stock records	route; batch; coffee mass and moisture; water; steam; electricity; heat; each fuel; heating-value basis; operating hours	Read route-specific meters or allocate documented shared meters causally	kg; m3; MJ; kWh	Each batch and monthly reconciliation	Same reporting period as reference output	All foreground decaffeination and redrying equipment	Sum by declared route; subtract inventory change; normalize by net output	Calibrations, invoices, batch sheets, and meter maps
cp_decaf_route_agent_records	decaffeination	Carbon dioxide, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, activated carbon, and coffee oil	Purchase, charge, recovery, and inventory records	agent identity; route; purchased; charged; recovered; opening stock; closing stock; waste	Complete an agent-specific inventory balance for the selected route	kg	Each batch and monthly closure	Same reporting period as decaffeination output	Selected route only	Net make-up equals purchases plus opening stock minus closing stock and documented export	Supplier specification, tank or cylinder records, recovery logs, and stock checks
cp_decaf_output_records	decaffeination	Decaffeinated coffee, caffeine, spent agents, wastewater, and sludge	Scale, laboratory, flowmeter, and waste records	output mass; moisture; caffeine result; recovered caffeine; each spent agent; wastewater; sludge; dry matter; destination	Reconcile output and residue records to each route batch	kg; m3; laboratory unit	Each batch or shipment	Same reporting period as decaffeination inputs	Selected route and its on-site treatment	Sum each atomic output and normalize by conforming net product	Test reports, calibrated scales, flowmeters, and transfer notes
cp_decaf_emission_records	decaffeination	Route-specific carbon dioxide, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane releases	Solvent or gas balance and emission test	route; make-up; recovered; product retention; waste; stock change; measured exhaust concentration; flow; time	Close each agent balance and reconcile with stack or workplace exhaust testing	kg; concentration; volume	Each campaign and legally required monitoring frequency	Representative operating states in the reporting period	All release points for selected route	Convert concentration and flow to mass and reconcile to inventory loss	Sampling plan, laboratory accreditation, instrument calibration, and balance closure
cp_roasting_records	roasting_cooling	Green-coffee charge and roasted output	Batch and scale records	lot; regular or decaf status; green mass and moisture; roasted mass and moisture; roast specification; opening and closing stock	Reconcile calibrated scales by roast lot	kg	Each batch and monthly reconciliation	Same reporting period as packed output	All roasters and coolers serving the declared product	Sum conforming lots and normalize by packed net output	Batch sheets, scale calibration, and moisture test reports
cp_roasting_energy_records	roasting_cooling	Electricity, quench water, purchased heat, natural gas, and LPG	Meter, invoice, and equipment records	meter readings; fuel; heating value; quench water; operating time; thermal oxidizer use	Use dedicated meters; otherwise allocate by documented causal operating parameter	kWh; MJ; m3	Each batch or daily, reconciled monthly	Same reporting period as roasting output	Roaster, cooler, cyclone, and dedicated control equipment	Sum each atomic utility and normalize by conforming output	Meter calibration, invoices, and equipment logs
cp_roasting_output_records	roasting_cooling	Roasted beans, silverskin, and rejects	Scale and waste records	output mass; moisture; silverskin mass; reject mass; destinations; inventory change	Reconcile product and residue mass by campaign	kg	Each campaign and monthly reconciliation	Same reporting period as roasting inputs	All roasting output handling	Sum each atomic output and close the coffee mass balance	Scale calibration, waste tickets, and stock records
cp_roasting_air_emission_records	roasting_cooling	Biogenic and fossil carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, and particulate matter	Stack tests, continuous monitors, fuel records, and mass balances	source; pollutant; method; concentration; flow; time; fuel; factor; abatement status	Use pollutant-specific monitoring and keep coffee-process carbon separate from fuel carbon	kg; concentration; volume; MJ	At representative operating states and required monitoring frequency	Reporting-period technologies and controls	Each roaster, cooler, and thermal oxidizer stack	Convert to emitted mass and normalize by corresponding production	Sampling plan, accredited results, calibration, and operating log
cp_air_emission_records	green_coffee_preparation; grinding	Particulate matter	Dust-collection balance and emission measurement	captured dust; concentration; gas flow; operating time; production	Reconcile captured and emitted dust by equipment	kg; concentration; volume	Representative campaigns	Same reporting period as production	Preparation and grinding release points	Calculate emitted mass and normalize by corresponding output	Dust tickets, sampling report, and instrument calibration
cp_grinding_records	grinding	Roasted input, electricity, ground output, dust, rejects, and particle size	Batch, scale, submeter, and laboratory records	input; output; electricity; dust; rejects; stock change; particle-size result	Reconcile grinder lots and calibrated measurement records	kg; kWh; laboratory unit	Each lot and monthly reconciliation	Same reporting period as packed ground coffee	All grinders serving the declared product	Sum each atomic flow and normalize by conforming packed output	Scale and meter calibration, lot sheets, and test report
cp_packing_records	packing	Product inputs, electricity, and reference output	Filler, scale, submeter, and finished-goods records	product form; input mass; net packed mass; rejects; electricity; opening and closing stock	Reconcile legal-metrology or calibrated filler records with finished-goods inventory	kg; kWh	Each packing lot and monthly reconciliation	Same reporting period as all foreground modules	All lines packing the declared product	Normalize all flows to exactly 1 kg net conforming coffee	Calibration, batch release, and stock records
cp_packaging_bom_records	packing	Each packaging component and scrap	Bill of materials, purchase, issue, scrap, and stock records	component identity; polymer or material; unit mass; count; issued mass; scrap; returns; stock change	Calculate net component mass from audited component records	kg; count	Each packaging specification and monthly reconciliation	Specifications used during the reporting period	Primary, secondary, and tertiary packing in scope	Sum each component separately and normalize by net coffee output	Approved bill of materials, supplier specification, scale checks, and waste tickets
cp_cleaning_effluent_records	cleaning_effluent_management	Cleaning water, electricity, each chemical, wastewater, sludge, and direct water release	Meter, recipe, laboratory, and waste records	water; electricity; chemical identity and mass; influent; transferred wastewater; final effluent; pollutant results; sludge; dry matter	Reconcile water and material balances and keep off-site waste separate from direct release	kg; m3; kWh; laboratory unit	Each cleaning campaign and required discharge monitoring	Same reporting period as production	Cleaning and on-site treatment attributable to the declared product	Sum atomic flows, allocate shared treatment causally, and normalize by net output	Meter calibration, cleaning recipe, accredited analyses, permit records, and transfer notes