Cocoa paste, whether or not defatted

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR governs foreground data packages for cocoa paste made from cocoa nibs, whether the paste retains its natural cocoa butter or is partially defatted while remaining a paste product. It covers plant-gate manufacture from merchantable cocoa beans or purchased cocoa nibs through preparation, grinding, optional alkalisation, optional pressing or other defatting, conditioning, storage, and packaging.

The foreground boundary excludes cocoa cultivation, fermentation and drying at origin, inbound transport before the declared plant gate, manufacture of separately purchased ingredients and packaging, distribution of the finished paste, chocolate manufacture, consumer use, and end of life. Those excluded life-cycle stages require linked upstream or downstream datasets when the study goal extends beyond gate-to-gate production.

Cocoa butter recovered as a saleable co-product is included. Cocoa cake, cocoa powder, finished chocolate, sweetened cocoa preparations, cocoa butter sold as the sole reference product, and waste-only treatment datasets are excluded. A product that is pressed to a solid cake or pulverised powder is outside this PCR even if it originated from cocoa paste.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.grain-mill-products-starches-and-starch-products-other-food-products.cocoa-paste-whether-or-not-defatted
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 23610 Cocoa paste, whether or not defatted
covered_products	Unsweetened cocoa mass, cocoa liquor, chocolate liquor, cocoa paste, and partially defatted cocoa paste that remains in paste form
excluded_products	Cocoa cake; cocoa powder; cocoa butter as the sole reference product; sweetened cocoa preparations; chocolate and chocolate products; cocoa-shell products
representative_product	Bulk unsweetened cocoa paste at the manufacturing plant gate, with measured cocoa-butter content and declared defatting status
production_route	Receipt of merchantable cocoa beans or cocoa nibs; conditional cleaning, roasting, cracking and winnowing; grinding and refining; conditional alkalisation; conditional defatting with cocoa-butter recovery; conditioning, storage, and packing
market_state	Bulk or packed paste at plant gate; moisture, cocoa-butter content, alkalisation status, roasting route, packaging state, and product temperature or conditioning state declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Cocoa paste suitable for sale or transfer to further cocoa or chocolate manufacture
How much	1,000 kg net cocoa paste at the declared plant gate
How well	Meets the declared product specification and market requirements; remains a paste rather than cocoa cake or powder; defatting and alkalisation status are stated
How long or cycle	One production lot or reporting-period aggregate delivered at the plant gate; no service duration
reference_flow_link	The mass of conforming net cocoa paste output after off-spec material and packaging tare are excluded

Field	Value
Reference amount	1,000 kg
Reference product flow	Cocoa paste, whether or not defatted 5b331659-2216-4cc7-9e6d-11bb0b50226f
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	cocoa-butter mass fraction; defatting status and technology; whole-bean or purchased-nib starting route; roasting status; alkalisation status and agent; moisture basis; product physical state; packaging state; geography; technology; reference period

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product and all mass-normalised inventory rows	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report net mass excluding packaging tare and normalise the foreground inventory to 1,000 kg of conforming cocoa paste output.
moisture_basis	cocoa beans, nibs, paste, cocoa butter, rejects, and mass-balance checks	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Record wet mass and moisture or solids basis for each material stream; do not compare or allocate dry-basis and as-received masses without conversion.
energy_units	grid electricity, purchased steam, purchased hot water, natural gas, diesel and LPG rows	Energy; UUID unresolved	kWh for electricity; MJ for each heat or fuel carrier	Preserve each carrier's measured unit and conversion factor; never pool electricity, steam, hot water or fuels into a thermal-energy total.
fat_content_basis	cocoa-butter content and defatting yield	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg/kg or % m/m	State whether cocoa-butter content is measured on an as-received or dry basis and retain the laboratory method and sample identity.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Merchantable cocoa beans or cocoa nibs received at the foreground plant gate with supplier, origin, moisture, bean-or-nib state, and upstream dataset reference declared
starting_condition_role	First technosphere material input to the foreground cocoa-paste manufacturing system
product_classification_scope	Cocoa paste, whether or not defatted; CPC 3.0 code 23610 is classification context and does not replace the semantic product boundary
recursive_input_rule	Purchased cocoa paste in the same product category is recorded as an input linked to an upstream cocoa-paste dataset; its manufacture is not recreated inside the receiving process
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link cocoa-bean or nib production, purchased cocoa paste, energy carriers, water supply, alkalising agents, packaging, transport, and waste treatment to geographically and temporally appropriate upstream datasets when the study extends beyond the foreground gate
disclosure	Declare starting material, origin and supplier mix, roasting and alkalisation routes, defatting technology, cocoa-butter co-product handling, recycled internal material, exclusions, cut-offs, geography, technology, and reference period

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
boundary_foreground_operations	all foreground processes	Include all operated preparation, grinding, alkalisation, defatting, conditioning, storage, packing, cleaning, utility use, direct emissions, wastes, and co-products that occur between the declared starting condition and the plant-gate reference product.	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
boundary_upstream_links	purchased materials, utilities, transport, and treatment services	Keep excluded upstream production outside the foreground inventory but provide explicit linked datasets and disclose any proxy or data gap when a cradle-to-gate or broader result is produced.	eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279
boundary_cutoff	foreground exclusions	Avoid cut-off for cocoa material, energy, water, alkalising agents, packaging, saleable co-products, wastes, wastewater, and direct emissions; any other exclusion must be explicit, justified, and demonstrated to satisfy the cumulative material, energy, and environmental-significance screen used by the declared study method.	eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279
boundary_internal_recycling	reworked cocoa paste and internally recycled cocoa material	Record internal recycling without duplicating upstream production; disclose stock changes and losses and ensure the same mass is not counted as both fresh input and recycled input.	mass-balance-identity

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
bean_to_nib_preparation	Cocoa-bean preparation to nibs	conditional	Required when whole cocoa beans enter the foreground plant; omitted when the documented starting condition is purchased cocoa nibs	Foreground material preparation	kg prepared cocoa nibs
nib_grinding_paste_manufacture	Nib grinding and cocoa-paste manufacture	required	Always included when cocoa paste is manufactured from nibs; purchased same-category cocoa paste follows the recursive-input rule	Foreground cocoa-paste production	kg cocoa-paste intermediate
paste_defatting	Cocoa-paste defatting and cocoa-butter separation	conditional	Included when cocoa butter is removed from cocoa paste in the foreground plant	Foreground separation and co-product production	kg paste feed and kg each saleable output
paste_finishing_packing	Cocoa-paste finishing, storage and packing	required	Always included through measurement of net reference product at the plant gate	Foreground finished-product handling	1,000 kg conforming cocoa paste
plant_cleaning_sanitation	Plant cleaning and sanitation	required	Always include attributable plant sanitation; each chemical and heat carrier applies only when actually used	Foreground hygiene support	1,000 kg net reference product served
onsite_wastewater_treatment	On-site wastewater treatment	conditional	Included when cocoa-processing wastewater is treated on site before discharge or transfer	Foreground pollution control	kg equalised cocoa-processing wastewater treated

Process: Cocoa-bean preparation to nibs (bean_to_nib_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Cocoa beans entering preparation (cocoa_beans_input)

Merchantable cocoa beans enter cleaning, roasting, cracking and winnowing as one raw-material exchange; purchased nibs bypass this process.

• Selected flow: Cocoa beans
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured accepted cocoa-bean mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared cocoa nib output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bean_preparation_records
• Sources: codex-cxs-141-1983-2025; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Bean preparation and roasting grid electricity (preparation_grid_electricity_input)

Grid electricity supplied to bean preparation and roasting is recorded separately from purchased heat and on-site fuels.

• Selected flow: Electricity, grid supply
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh; flow property and unit-group UUIDs unresolved
• Amount rule: measured bean preparation and roasting grid-electricity consumption
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared cocoa nib output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bean_preparation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Bean preparation and roasting purchased steam (preparation_purchased_steam_input)

Purchased steam crossing the facility boundary for bean preparation and roasting is metered separately from hot water and direct fuels.

• Selected flow: Steam, purchased
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ; flow property and unit-group UUIDs unresolved
• Amount rule: measured purchased steam supplied to bean preparation and roasting
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared cocoa nib output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bean_preparation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Bean preparation and roasting purchased hot water (preparation_purchased_hot_water_input)

Purchased hot water used by bean preparation and roasting is recorded as one heat-supply exchange and is not pooled with steam.

• Selected flow: Hot water, purchased
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ; flow property and unit-group UUIDs unresolved
• Amount rule: measured purchased hot-water energy supplied to bean preparation and roasting
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared cocoa nib output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bean_preparation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Bean preparation and roasting natural gas (preparation_natural_gas_input)

Natural gas burned on site for bean preparation and roasting is recorded from its own meter or fuel reconciliation.

• Selected flow: Natural gas
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ; flow property and unit-group UUIDs unresolved
• Amount rule: measured natural-gas energy used for bean preparation and roasting
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared cocoa nib output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bean_preparation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Bean preparation and roasting diesel fuel (preparation_diesel_input)

Diesel burned on site for bean preparation and roasting is recorded independently from natural gas and LPG.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ; flow property and unit-group UUIDs unresolved
• Amount rule: measured diesel energy used for bean preparation and roasting
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared cocoa nib output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bean_preparation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Bean preparation and roasting liquefied petroleum gas (preparation_lpg_input)

Liquefied petroleum gas burned on site for bean preparation and roasting is recorded as its own fuel exchange.

• Selected flow: Liquefied petroleum gas
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ; flow property and unit-group UUIDs unresolved
• Amount rule: measured LPG energy used for bean preparation and roasting
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared cocoa nib output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bean_preparation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Bean preparation and roasting process water (preparation_process_water_input)

Water supplied directly to bean preparation and roasting is measured separately from plant sanitation water.

• Selected flow: Process water
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured process-water mass supplied to bean preparation and roasting
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared cocoa nib output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bean_preparation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared cocoa nibs (prepared_cocoa_nibs_output)

Prepared cocoa nibs transferred to grinding are weighed with moisture, roasting state and lot identity retained.

• Selected flow: Cocoa nibs
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured prepared cocoa-nib mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared cocoa nib output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bean_preparation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Saleable cocoa shells (cocoa_shell_coproduct_output)

Cocoa shells leaving as a documented saleable output are weighed separately from shells consigned as waste.

• Selected flow: Cocoa shells for further processing
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured saleable cocoa-shell mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared cocoa nib output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bean_preparation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Cocoa shell waste (cocoa_shell_waste_output)

Cocoa shells consigned to waste treatment are weighed as one specific waste and linked to their receiving treatment.

• Selected flow: Waste cocoa shells
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste cocoa-shell mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared cocoa nib output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bean_preparation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Stone rejects (stone_reject_waste_output)

Stones removed during bean cleaning are weighed separately from cocoa-derived residues.

• Selected flow: Waste stones from cocoa-bean cleaning
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured rejected-stone mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared cocoa nib output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bean_preparation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Rejected cocoa beans (rejected_cocoa_beans_waste_output)

Immature, damaged or otherwise rejected cocoa beans not returned to a supplier are weighed as a specific cocoa-bean waste.

• Selected flow: Waste rejected cocoa beans
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured rejected cocoa-bean mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared cocoa nib output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bean_preparation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Collected cocoa dust (cocoa_dust_waste_output)

Cocoa dust captured from preparation equipment is weighed separately and linked to its actual treatment.

• Selected flow: Waste collected cocoa dust
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured collected cocoa-dust mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared cocoa nib output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bean_preparation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Bean-preparation wastewater (preparation_wastewater_output)

Wastewater from wet bean cleaning or preparation washdown is measured before common treatment and remains distinct from direct water emissions.

• Selected flow: Wastewater from cocoa-bean preparation
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured or mass-balance-calculated bean-preparation wastewater
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared cocoa nib output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_bean_preparation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; mass-balance-identity

Elementary flows

Bean preparation and roasting fossil carbon dioxide emission (preparation_fossil_co2_air_output)

Fossil carbon dioxide from the separately recorded on-site fuels used by bean preparation and roasting is measured or calculated as one elementary exchange.

• Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, fossil, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured or calculated fossil carbon dioxide released by bean preparation and roasting
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared cocoa nib output
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_bean_preparation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Bean preparation and roasting nitrogen oxides emission (preparation_nox_air_output)

Nitrogen oxides from direct fuel combustion for bean preparation and roasting are measured or calculated separately from every other pollutant.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen oxides to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured or calculated nitrogen oxides released by bean preparation and roasting
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared cocoa nib output
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_bean_preparation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Bean preparation and roasting sulfur oxides emission (preparation_sox_air_output)

Sulfur oxides from direct fuel combustion for bean preparation and roasting are quantified as one distinct air emission.

• Selected flow: Sulfur oxides to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured or calculated sulfur oxides released by bean preparation and roasting
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared cocoa nib output
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_bean_preparation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Bean preparation and roasting fine particulate matter emission (preparation_pm25_air_output)

Primary PM2.5 from direct fuel combustion for bean preparation and roasting is measured or calculated separately from gaseous emissions.

• Selected flow: Particulate matter, less than 2.5 micrometres, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured or calculated primary PM2.5 released by bean preparation and roasting
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared cocoa nib output
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_bean_preparation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Process: Nib grinding and cocoa-paste manufacture (nib_grinding_paste_manufacture)

Inputs

Product flows

Internally prepared cocoa nibs (prepared_cocoa_nibs_input)

Prepared nibs transferred from the foreground preparation process enter grinding as one traceable intermediate exchange.

• Selected flow: Cocoa nibs
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured internally prepared cocoa-nib mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg cocoa-paste intermediate output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_grinding_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Purchased cocoa nibs (purchased_cocoa_nibs_input)

Purchased nibs crossing the facility boundary enter grinding separately from internally prepared nibs and retain their upstream dataset reference.

• Selected flow: Cocoa nibs, purchased
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured purchased cocoa-nib mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg cocoa-paste intermediate output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_grinding_records
• Sources: codex-cxs-141-1983-2025; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Nib grinding and paste manufacture grid electricity (grinding_grid_electricity_input)

Grid electricity supplied to nib grinding and paste manufacture is recorded separately from purchased heat and on-site fuels.

• Selected flow: Electricity, grid supply
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh; flow property and unit-group UUIDs unresolved
• Amount rule: measured nib grinding and paste manufacture grid-electricity consumption
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg cocoa-paste intermediate output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_grinding_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Nib grinding and paste manufacture purchased steam (grinding_purchased_steam_input)

Purchased steam crossing the facility boundary for nib grinding and paste manufacture is metered separately from hot water and direct fuels.

• Selected flow: Steam, purchased
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ; flow property and unit-group UUIDs unresolved
• Amount rule: measured purchased steam supplied to nib grinding and paste manufacture
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg cocoa-paste intermediate output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_grinding_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Nib grinding and paste manufacture purchased hot water (grinding_purchased_hot_water_input)

Purchased hot water used by nib grinding and paste manufacture is recorded as one heat-supply exchange and is not pooled with steam.

• Selected flow: Hot water, purchased
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ; flow property and unit-group UUIDs unresolved
• Amount rule: measured purchased hot-water energy supplied to nib grinding and paste manufacture
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg cocoa-paste intermediate output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_grinding_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Nib grinding and paste manufacture process water (grinding_process_water_input)

Water supplied directly to nib grinding and paste manufacture is measured separately from plant sanitation water.

• Selected flow: Process water
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured process-water mass supplied to nib grinding and paste manufacture
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg cocoa-paste intermediate output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_grinding_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Potassium carbonate alkalising agent (potassium_carbonate_input)

Potassium carbonate used for alkalisation is weighed as one chemical input with grade and recipe identity retained.

• Selected flow: Potassium carbonate
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured potassium-carbonate mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg cocoa-paste intermediate output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_grinding_records
• Sources: codex-cxs-141-1983-2025; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Sodium carbonate alkalising agent (sodium_carbonate_input)

Sodium carbonate used for alkalisation is recorded separately from every other alkalising chemical.

• Selected flow: Sodium carbonate
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured sodium-carbonate mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg cocoa-paste intermediate output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_grinding_records
• Sources: codex-cxs-141-1983-2025; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Potassium hydroxide alkalising agent (potassium_hydroxide_input)

Potassium hydroxide used for alkalisation is recorded from the product-specific dosing record.

• Selected flow: Potassium hydroxide
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured potassium-hydroxide mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg cocoa-paste intermediate output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_grinding_records
• Sources: codex-cxs-141-1983-2025; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Sodium hydroxide alkalising agent (sodium_hydroxide_alkalising_input)

Sodium hydroxide used as an alkalising agent is recorded independently from sodium-hydroxide cleaning formulation.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured alkalising sodium-hydroxide mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg cocoa-paste intermediate output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_grinding_records
• Sources: codex-cxs-141-1983-2025; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Cocoa-paste intermediate (cocoa_paste_intermediate_output)

Paste leaving grinding before optional defatting or final conditioning is weighed with cocoa-butter content, moisture and alkalisation status.

• Selected flow: Cocoa paste intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured cocoa-paste intermediate mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg cocoa-paste intermediate output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_grinding_records
• Sources: codex-cxs-141-1983-2025; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Grinding filter residue (grinding_filter_residue_waste_output)

Filter residue removed from the grinding line is weighed separately from spills and off-spec paste.

• Selected flow: Waste cocoa grinding filter residue
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured cocoa grinding filter-residue mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg cocoa-paste intermediate output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_grinding_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Spilled cocoa material (grinding_spill_waste_output)

Cocoa material collected from a grinding-line spill and not returned as controlled rework is recorded as one waste exchange.

• Selected flow: Waste spilled cocoa material
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured spilled cocoa-material mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg cocoa-paste intermediate output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_grinding_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Off-spec paste from grinding (grinding_off_spec_paste_waste_output)

Off-spec paste leaving grinding for treatment rather than internal rework is weighed independently from other residues.

• Selected flow: Waste off-spec cocoa paste from grinding
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured off-spec grinding-paste mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg cocoa-paste intermediate output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_grinding_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Grinding-process wastewater (grinding_wastewater_output)

Wastewater attributable to grinding or alkalisation is measured before common treatment as one stage-specific waste flow.

• Selected flow: Wastewater from cocoa nib grinding
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured or mass-balance-calculated grinding wastewater
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg cocoa-paste intermediate output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_grinding_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; mass-balance-identity

Elementary flows

Process: Cocoa-paste defatting and cocoa-butter separation (paste_defatting)

Inputs

Product flows

Cocoa paste entering defatting (cocoa_paste_to_press_input)

Cocoa paste entering pressing or another declared defatting technology is weighed with moisture and inlet cocoa-butter content.

• Selected flow: Cocoa paste intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured cocoa-paste feed mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg cocoa paste entering defatting
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_defatting_records
• Sources: codex-cxs-141-1983-2025; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Paste defatting grid electricity (defatting_grid_electricity_input)

Grid electricity supplied to paste defatting is recorded separately from purchased heat and on-site fuels.

• Selected flow: Electricity, grid supply
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh; flow property and unit-group UUIDs unresolved
• Amount rule: measured paste defatting grid-electricity consumption
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg cocoa paste entering defatting
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_defatting_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Paste defatting purchased steam (defatting_purchased_steam_input)

Purchased steam crossing the facility boundary for paste defatting is metered separately from hot water and direct fuels.

• Selected flow: Steam, purchased
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ; flow property and unit-group UUIDs unresolved
• Amount rule: measured purchased steam supplied to paste defatting
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg cocoa paste entering defatting
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_defatting_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Paste defatting purchased hot water (defatting_purchased_hot_water_input)

Purchased hot water used by paste defatting is recorded as one heat-supply exchange and is not pooled with steam.

• Selected flow: Hot water, purchased
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ; flow property and unit-group UUIDs unresolved
• Amount rule: measured purchased hot-water energy supplied to paste defatting
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg cocoa paste entering defatting
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_defatting_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Defatted cocoa paste (defatted_cocoa_paste_output)

The retained fraction is recorded here only when it remains a paste and meets the declared product specification.

• Selected flow: Defatted cocoa paste
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured defatted cocoa-paste mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg cocoa paste entering defatting
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_defatting_records
• Sources: codex-cxs-141-1983-2025; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Recovered cocoa butter (cocoa_butter_coproduct_output)

Saleable cocoa butter recovered during defatting is weighed separately from paste and cocoa cake for allocation.

• Selected flow: Cocoa butter
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured recovered cocoa-butter mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg cocoa paste entering defatting
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_defatting_records
• Sources: codex-cxs-141-1983-2025; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Cocoa cake (cocoa_cake_coproduct_output)

Solid cocoa cake produced by pressing is weighed as a specific co-product and cannot be included in reference cocoa-paste mass.

• Selected flow: Cocoa cake
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured cocoa-cake mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg cocoa paste entering defatting
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_defatting_records
• Sources: codex-cxs-141-1983-2025; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Defatting filter residue (defatting_filter_residue_waste_output)

Non-saleable filter residue from defatting is weighed as one specific waste and linked to its treatment.

• Selected flow: Waste cocoa defatting filter residue
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured defatting filter-residue mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg cocoa paste entering defatting
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_defatting_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Elementary flows

Process: Cocoa-paste finishing, storage and packing (paste_finishing_packing)

Inputs

Product flows

Internally produced cocoa paste (internal_cocoa_paste_finishing_input)

Cocoa paste transferred from grinding or defatting enters final conditioning as an internal intermediate with rework separately identified.

• Selected flow: Cocoa paste intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured internal cocoa-paste mass entering finishing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Purchased cocoa paste (purchased_cocoa_paste_input)

Purchased cocoa paste crossing the facility boundary is recorded separately from internally produced paste and retains its upstream dataset reference.

• Selected flow: Cocoa paste, purchased
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured purchased cocoa-paste mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: codex-cxs-141-1983-2025; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Paste finishing and packing grid electricity (finishing_grid_electricity_input)

Grid electricity supplied to paste finishing and packing is recorded separately from purchased heat and on-site fuels.

• Selected flow: Electricity, grid supply
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh; flow property and unit-group UUIDs unresolved
• Amount rule: measured paste finishing and packing grid-electricity consumption
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Paste finishing and packing purchased steam (finishing_purchased_steam_input)

Purchased steam crossing the facility boundary for paste finishing and packing is metered separately from hot water and direct fuels.

• Selected flow: Steam, purchased
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ; flow property and unit-group UUIDs unresolved
• Amount rule: measured purchased steam supplied to paste finishing and packing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Paste finishing and packing purchased hot water (finishing_purchased_hot_water_input)

Purchased hot water used by paste finishing and packing is recorded as one heat-supply exchange and is not pooled with steam.

• Selected flow: Hot water, purchased
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ; flow property and unit-group UUIDs unresolved
• Amount rule: measured purchased hot-water energy supplied to paste finishing and packing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Polyethylene product liner (polyethylene_liner_input)

A polyethylene liner contacting or enclosing cocoa paste is weighed separately from every rigid package and transport component.

• Selected flow: Polyethylene packaging liner
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured polyethylene-liner mass used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Steel drum (steel_drum_input)

A steel drum used for cocoa-paste dispatch is recorded as one packaging component by measured empty mass and count.

• Selected flow: Steel packaging drum
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured steel-drum mass used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Corrugated paperboard carton (corrugated_carton_input)

A corrugated carton used for blocks or liners is weighed separately from the liner and pallet.

• Selected flow: Corrugated paperboard carton
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured corrugated-carton mass used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Wood pallet (wood_pallet_input)

A wooden pallet assigned to dispatched product is recorded from pallet mass and the documented reuse allocation.

• Selected flow: Wooden transport pallet
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured wood-pallet mass assigned to product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Polypropylene strapping (polypropylene_strapping_input)

Polypropylene strapping used to secure the package is weighed independently from polyethylene film.

• Selected flow: Polypropylene packaging strap
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured polypropylene-strap mass used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Paper product label (paper_label_input)

Paper labels applied to the package are recorded as one paper input separately from corrugated board.

• Selected flow: Paper packaging label
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured paper-label mass used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Net cocoa-paste reference product (reference_cocoa_paste_output)

Conforming net cocoa paste leaves the foreground plant gate at exactly 1,000 kg after packaging tare is excluded; this is the only inventory row carrying the verified reference UUID.

• Selected flow: Cocoa paste, whether or not defatted 5b331659-2216-4cc7-9e6d-11bb0b50226f
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: conforming net cocoa-paste mass normalized to exactly 1,000 kg
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: codex-cxs-141-1983-2025; mass-balance-identity

Waste flows

Off-spec cocoa paste (off_spec_cocoa_paste_waste_output)

Off-spec paste not returned as controlled internal rework is weighed as one product-specific waste and linked to its destination.

• Selected flow: Waste off-spec cocoa paste
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured off-spec cocoa-paste waste mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste polyethylene liner (polyethylene_film_waste_output)

Damaged, trimmed or unused polyethylene liner material is weighed separately from all other packaging waste.

• Selected flow: Waste polyethylene packaging film
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste polyethylene-film mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste steel drum (steel_drum_waste_output)

A rejected steel drum leaving as waste is recorded by its measured mass and actual treatment destination.

• Selected flow: Waste steel packaging drum
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste steel-drum mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste corrugated paperboard (corrugated_carton_waste_output)

Damaged or unused corrugated carton material is weighed as one paperboard waste exchange.

• Selected flow: Waste corrugated paperboard
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste corrugated-paperboard mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste wood pallet (wood_pallet_waste_output)

A non-reusable wooden pallet consigned to treatment is recorded separately from paper, steel and plastic packaging.

• Selected flow: Waste wooden pallet
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste wood-pallet mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste polypropylene strapping (polypropylene_strapping_waste_output)

Discarded polypropylene strapping is weighed independently from polyethylene liner waste.

• Selected flow: Waste polypropylene packaging strap
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste polypropylene-strap mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste paper label stock (paper_label_waste_output)

Rejected or unused paper label stock is weighed separately from corrugated paperboard.

• Selected flow: Waste paper label stock
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste paper-label mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Elementary flows

Process: Plant cleaning and sanitation (plant_cleaning_sanitation)

Inputs

Product flows

Plant sanitation water (sanitation_process_water_input)

Water supplied to cleaning and sanitation is metered separately from water added to cocoa-processing stages.

• Selected flow: Process water
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured plant-sanitation water mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_sanitation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Plant cleaning and sanitation grid electricity (sanitation_grid_electricity_input)

Grid electricity supplied to plant cleaning and sanitation is recorded separately from purchased heat and on-site fuels.

• Selected flow: Electricity, grid supply
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh; flow property and unit-group UUIDs unresolved
• Amount rule: measured plant cleaning and sanitation grid-electricity consumption
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_sanitation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Plant cleaning and sanitation purchased steam (sanitation_purchased_steam_input)

Purchased steam crossing the facility boundary for plant cleaning and sanitation is metered separately from hot water and direct fuels.

• Selected flow: Steam, purchased
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ; flow property and unit-group UUIDs unresolved
• Amount rule: measured purchased steam supplied to plant cleaning and sanitation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_sanitation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Plant cleaning and sanitation purchased hot water (sanitation_purchased_hot_water_input)

Purchased hot water used by plant cleaning and sanitation is recorded as one heat-supply exchange and is not pooled with steam.

• Selected flow: Hot water, purchased
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ; flow property and unit-group UUIDs unresolved
• Amount rule: measured purchased hot-water energy supplied to plant cleaning and sanitation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_sanitation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Plant cleaning and sanitation natural gas (sanitation_natural_gas_input)

Natural gas burned on site for plant cleaning and sanitation is recorded from its own meter or fuel reconciliation.

• Selected flow: Natural gas
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ; flow property and unit-group UUIDs unresolved
• Amount rule: measured natural-gas energy used for plant cleaning and sanitation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_sanitation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Plant cleaning and sanitation diesel fuel (sanitation_diesel_input)

Diesel burned on site for plant cleaning and sanitation is recorded independently from natural gas and LPG.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ; flow property and unit-group UUIDs unresolved
• Amount rule: measured diesel energy used for plant cleaning and sanitation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_sanitation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Plant cleaning and sanitation liquefied petroleum gas (sanitation_lpg_input)

Liquefied petroleum gas burned on site for plant cleaning and sanitation is recorded as its own fuel exchange.

• Selected flow: Liquefied petroleum gas
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ; flow property and unit-group UUIDs unresolved
• Amount rule: measured LPG energy used for plant cleaning and sanitation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_sanitation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Sodium hydroxide cleaner (sodium_hydroxide_cleaner_input)

Supplied sodium-hydroxide cleaning formulation is recorded by formulation mass with active concentration retained.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide cleaning formulation
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured sodium-hydroxide cleaning-formulation mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_sanitation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Nitric acid cleaner (nitric_acid_cleaner_input)

Supplied nitric-acid cleaning formulation is weighed separately from alkaline cleaner and disinfectant.

• Selected flow: Nitric acid cleaning formulation
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured nitric-acid cleaning-formulation mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_sanitation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Peracetic acid disinfectant (peracetic_acid_disinfectant_input)

Supplied peracetic-acid disinfectant is recorded as one formulation with active concentration retained.

• Selected flow: Peracetic acid disinfectant formulation
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured peracetic-acid disinfectant-formulation mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_sanitation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Sodium hypochlorite disinfectant (sodium_hypochlorite_disinfectant_input)

Supplied sodium-hypochlorite disinfectant is recorded independently from peracetic acid.

• Selected flow: Sodium hypochlorite disinfectant formulation
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured sodium-hypochlorite disinfectant-formulation mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_sanitation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Alkaline cleaning wastewater (alkaline_cleaning_wastewater_output)

Wastewater collected from the alkaline cleaning step is measured separately before equalisation.

• Selected flow: Wastewater from alkaline plant cleaning
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured alkaline-cleaning wastewater mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_sanitation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Acid cleaning wastewater (acid_cleaning_wastewater_output)

Wastewater collected from the acid cleaning step is measured separately from alkaline wash water.

• Selected flow: Wastewater from acid plant cleaning
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured acid-cleaning wastewater mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_sanitation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Peracetic disinfection wastewater (peracetic_disinfection_wastewater_output)

Wastewater from peracetic-acid disinfection is recorded as one composition-specific wastewater exchange.

• Selected flow: Wastewater from peracetic acid disinfection
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured peracetic-disinfection wastewater mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_sanitation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Hypochlorite disinfection wastewater (hypochlorite_disinfection_wastewater_output)

Wastewater from sodium-hypochlorite disinfection is recorded independently from every other sanitation wastewater.

• Selected flow: Wastewater from sodium hypochlorite disinfection
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured hypochlorite-disinfection wastewater mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_sanitation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Used cleaning cloth waste (used_cleaning_cloth_waste_output)

Discarded cleaning cloth is weighed as one solid waste and linked to its actual treatment.

• Selected flow: Waste used cleaning cloth
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured used cleaning-cloth waste mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_sanitation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Elementary flows

Plant cleaning and sanitation fossil carbon dioxide emission (sanitation_fossil_co2_air_output)

Fossil carbon dioxide from the separately recorded on-site fuels used by plant cleaning and sanitation is measured or calculated as one elementary exchange.

• Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, fossil, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured or calculated fossil carbon dioxide released by plant cleaning and sanitation
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_sanitation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Plant cleaning and sanitation nitrogen oxides emission (sanitation_nox_air_output)

Nitrogen oxides from direct fuel combustion for plant cleaning and sanitation are measured or calculated separately from every other pollutant.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen oxides to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured or calculated nitrogen oxides released by plant cleaning and sanitation
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_sanitation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Plant cleaning and sanitation sulfur oxides emission (sanitation_sox_air_output)

Sulfur oxides from direct fuel combustion for plant cleaning and sanitation are quantified as one distinct air emission.

• Selected flow: Sulfur oxides to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured or calculated sulfur oxides released by plant cleaning and sanitation
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_sanitation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Plant cleaning and sanitation fine particulate matter emission (sanitation_pm25_air_output)

Primary PM2.5 from direct fuel combustion for plant cleaning and sanitation is measured or calculated separately from gaseous emissions.

• Selected flow: Particulate matter, less than 2.5 micrometres, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured or calculated primary PM2.5 released by plant cleaning and sanitation
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_sanitation_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Process: On-site wastewater treatment (onsite_wastewater_treatment)

Inputs

Product flows

Wastewater-treatment grid electricity (wastewater_treatment_grid_electricity_input)

Grid electricity supplied to on-site wastewater treatment is metered separately from production electricity.

• Selected flow: Electricity, grid supply
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh; flow property and unit-group UUIDs unresolved
• Amount rule: measured wastewater-treatment grid-electricity consumption
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg equalised cocoa-processing wastewater treated
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Ferric chloride treatment formulation (ferric_chloride_treatment_input)

Ferric-chloride formulation dosed to on-site wastewater treatment is recorded separately with concentration retained.

• Selected flow: Ferric chloride wastewater-treatment formulation
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured ferric-chloride treatment-formulation mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg equalised cocoa-processing wastewater treated
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Polyacrylamide flocculant formulation (polyacrylamide_flocculant_input)

Polyacrylamide flocculant used in wastewater treatment is weighed as one supplied formulation.

• Selected flow: Polyacrylamide flocculant formulation
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured polyacrylamide-flocculant formulation mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg equalised cocoa-processing wastewater treated
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Equalised cocoa-processing wastewater (equalised_cocoa_wastewater_input)

The physical wastewater mixture entering on-site treatment after equalisation is measured at the treatment inlet as one waste exchange.

• Selected flow: Equalised cocoa-processing wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured equalised wastewater mass entering treatment
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg equalised cocoa-processing wastewater treated
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Wastewater-treatment sludge (wastewater_sludge_output)

Dewatered sludge removed from on-site treatment is weighed separately and linked to its receiving treatment.

• Selected flow: Sludge from cocoa-processing wastewater treatment
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured dewatered wastewater-sludge mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg equalised cocoa-processing wastewater treated
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Elementary flows

Chemical oxygen demand discharge (cod_water_output)

Chemical oxygen demand in final effluent is calculated from matched concentration and discharge mass or volume.

• Selected flow: Chemical oxygen demand to water
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: calculated COD mass discharged to water
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg equalised cocoa-processing wastewater treated
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Five-day biochemical oxygen demand discharge (bod5_water_output)

Five-day biochemical oxygen demand is reported as one water emission using the matched effluent result.

• Selected flow: Biochemical oxygen demand, 5 days, to water
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: calculated BOD5 mass discharged to water
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg equalised cocoa-processing wastewater treated
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Total nitrogen discharge (total_nitrogen_water_output)

Total nitrogen in final effluent is calculated separately from every other monitored parameter.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen, total, to water
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: calculated total-nitrogen mass discharged to water
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg equalised cocoa-processing wastewater treated
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Total phosphorus discharge (total_phosphorus_water_output)

Total phosphorus in final effluent is calculated as one distinct water emission.

• Selected flow: Phosphorus, total, to water
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: calculated total-phosphorus mass discharged to water
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg equalised cocoa-processing wastewater treated
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Suspended-solids discharge (suspended_solids_water_output)

Suspended solids in final effluent are calculated separately using the matched concentration and discharge record.

• Selected flow: Suspended solids to water
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: calculated suspended-solids mass discharged to water
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg equalised cocoa-processing wastewater treated
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Biogenic methane from wastewater treatment (wastewater_methane_air_output)

Biogenic methane released by on-site treatment is measured or calculated as one air emission when anaerobic conditions occur.

• Selected flow: Methane, biogenic, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured or calculated biogenic methane released to air
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg equalised cocoa-processing wastewater treated
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019