Cocoa powder, not sweetened

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers unsweetened cocoa powder manufactured from cocoa cake, including full-fat, fat-reduced, and highly fat-reduced cocoa powder, supplied as a low-moisture ingredient at the powder manufacturer's gate. Integrated bean-to-powder, liquor-to-powder, and purchased-cake-to-powder routes are covered when the starting condition and all omitted upstream operations are declared.

The PCR excludes dry mixtures of cocoa powder with sugars or sweeteners, chocolate powder, drinking-chocolate mixtures, finished chocolate, cocoa mass or liquor sold as the reference product, cocoa butter sold as the reference product, and downstream distribution, retail, food preparation, consumption, and packaging end-of-life. Optional alkalization is included only when performed for the declared powder.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.grain-mill-products-starches-and-starch-products-other-food-products.cocoa-powder-not-sweetened
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 23630, Cocoa powder, not sweetened (exact)
covered_products	Unsweetened cocoa powder obtained from cocoa cake; full-fat, fat-reduced, or highly fat-reduced powder; natural or alkalized powder when declared
excluded_products	Sweetened cocoa mixtures; chocolate powder; drinking chocolate; finished chocolate; cocoa liquor or cocoa butter as the reference product; products with added sugar or sweetener
representative_product	Unsweetened cocoa powder in the declared fat category and alkalization state, packed for bulk or industrial supply
production_route	Declared integrated cocoa-bean-to-powder, cocoa-liquor-to-powder, or purchased-cocoa-cake-to-powder route, including on-site alkalization when used
market_state	Dry, flowable powder at the powder manufacturer's gate in the declared packaging format

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Supply unsweetened cocoa powder as a low-moisture food ingredient
How much	1 kg of cocoa powder as delivered at the powder manufacturer's gate
How well	No added sugar or sweetener; declared cocoa-butter/fat category, moisture, alkalization status, particle-size specification, and food-grade conformity; moisture shall not exceed 7% m/m where CXS 105-1981 applies
How long or cycle	One production lot delivered at the factory gate; storage beyond the declared on-site holding period is outside the reference service unless explicitly included
reference_flow_link	rf_cocoa_powder_not_sweetened

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Cocoa powder, not sweetened 2601a019-8ff4-4296-8773-24f0901f8419
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	cocoa-butter/fat category or measured fat content; as-delivered moisture; natural or alkalized status and alkalizing agent when applicable; bean origin or blend; declared starting material and production route; particle-size specification; packaging format and net mass; production geography and reference period; cocoa-butter co-product treatment and allocation method

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	Reference cocoa powder	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report the reference flow as 1 kg of as-delivered powder and declare the measured moisture basis; do not silently convert to dry matter.
dry_matter_conversion	Values reported on a dry-matter basis	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Retain the measured moisture result and formula used to convert between as-delivered and dry-matter mass; the reference output remains as delivered.
mass_inputs_outputs	Cocoa materials, powder, cocoa butter, shells, rejects, and packaging	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Measure or calculate net mass by process and reconcile inputs, outputs, wastes, direct releases, and inventory change on a common wet or dry basis.
energy_conversion	Electricity, fuel, steam, and purchased heat	Energy	kWh or MJ	Preserve the recorded energy unit and lower- or higher-heating-value basis; document each conversion before normalization to the reference flow.

5. System Boundary

The foreground boundary begins at the declared receipt of fermented dry cocoa beans, cocoa liquor, or cocoa cake and ends with conforming unsweetened cocoa powder packed at the manufacturer's gate. The foreground includes all on-site steps used by the declared route, utilities, cleaning, dust control, wastewater handling before transfer, waste handling before transfer, rework, packaging, and direct releases.

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Receipt of fermented dry cocoa beans, cocoa liquor, or cocoa cake at the reporting facility, with material state, supplier, origin or blend, moisture, and fat-related specification declared
starting_condition_role	Upstream cut-in point for the foreground route; all operations after this point that occur at the reporting facility are foreground
product_classification_scope	Unsweetened cocoa powder under the semantic scope stated in this PCR, with CPC 3.0 code 23630 retained only as a classification reference
recursive_input_rule	Internal powder rework from the same facility and campaign is an internal loop and is not added as a new upstream product input; externally acquired cocoa powder is a separate product input with its own upstream dataset and must not recursively duplicate the current foreground route
upstream_dataset_requirement	Use traceable upstream datasets for purchased beans, liquor, cake, alkalizing agents, fuels, electricity, water, packaging, and other product inputs; disclose any proxy, geography mismatch, age, or excluded operation
disclosure	Declare starting material, included and omitted process steps, natural or alkalized route, allocation method, packaging boundary, on-site treatment, storage duration, and all cut-offs or proxies

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_route_completeness	Declared production route	Include every on-site process between the declared starting material and packed powder; a route may omit upstream bean, liquor, or pressing steps only when the omitted material enters with a documented upstream dataset.	icco-processing-cocoa
boundary_utilities_releases	Foreground operations	Include process electricity, thermal energy, water, cleaning materials, alkalizing agents, packaging, direct air and water releases, wastewater, dust-control residues, shells, rejects, and other wastes when they cross the foreground boundary.	icco-processing-cocoa
boundary_low_moisture_hygiene	Powder finishing and storage	Model cleaning, contamination control, and low-moisture food handling that materially changes inventory; declare excluded hygiene operations and retain the supporting production records.	codex-cxs-105-1981
boundary_factory_gate	Reference product	End the default system at net conforming powder packed at the manufacturer's gate; exclude downstream distribution, preparation, use, and packaging end-of-life unless the study explicitly expands the boundary.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
bean_to_liquor	Bean preparation, roasting, winnowing, and nib grinding	conditional	Include when fermented dry cocoa beans enter the reporting facility	Foreground preparation of cocoa liquor	kg cocoa liquor leaving the process
alkalization	Optional cocoa alkalization	conditional	Include when nibs, liquor, cake, or powder are treated with an alkaline compound on site	Foreground colour and flavour modification	kg alkalized cocoa material leaving the process
liquor_pressing	Cocoa-liquor pressing and co-product separation	conditional	Include when cocoa liquor is pressed on site; omit only when purchased cocoa cake enters with an upstream dataset	Foreground production of cocoa cake and cocoa butter	kg cocoa liquor pressed
powder_finishing	Cake cooling, breaking, milling, tempering, storage, and packing	required	Always include for the declared powder manufacturing facility	Foreground production of the reference powder	1 kg conforming packed cocoa powder

Process: Bean preparation, roasting, winnowing, and nib grinding (bean_to_liquor)

Inputs

Product flows

Fermented dry cocoa beans (cocoa_beans_input)

Record the net mass of received beans used by the production lot, including declared origin or blend, moisture, quality grade, and any beginning and ending inventory correction.

• Selected flow: Unresolved fermented dry cocoa beans product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured net cocoa bean input allocated to the lot or reporting period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference cocoa powder
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bean_to_liquor_records
• Sources: icco-processing-cocoa
• Range: Provisional bean-input QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.5
  • Upper: 5
  • Unit: kg/kg reference cocoa powder
  • Basis: broad route-screening interval before replacement with measured, moisture-consistent mass balance
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process electricity (bean_route_electricity)

Record metered or invoice-reconciled electricity used for cleaning, roasting auxiliaries, cracking, winnowing, conveying, ventilation, and nib grinding.

• Selected flow: Unresolved electricity product flow
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered or allocated electricity for the bean-to-liquor process
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference cocoa powder
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bean_to_liquor_records
• Sources: icco-processing-cocoa
• Range: Provisional electricity QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.01
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: kWh/kg reference cocoa powder
  • Basis: broad first-pass screening interval pending metered foreground evidence
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Roasting thermal energy (roasting_thermal_energy)

Record each fuel, steam, or purchased-heat carrier separately in the foreground package and retain its energy basis and combustion location.

• Selected flow: Unresolved thermal energy or fuel product flow
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: Measured fuel or heat consumption converted on the declared heating-value basis
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference cocoa powder
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bean_to_liquor_records
• Sources: icco-processing-cocoa
• Range: Provisional thermal-energy QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 50
  • Unit: MJ/kg reference cocoa powder
  • Basis: broad route-screening interval pending measured foreground evidence
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Cocoa liquor intermediate (cocoa_liquor_output)

Record the measured liquor mass transferred to alkalization or pressing, with moisture and inventory change on the same basis as the bean input.

• Selected flow: Unresolved cocoa liquor product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured cocoa liquor output from the process
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference cocoa powder
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bean_to_liquor_records
• Sources: icco-processing-cocoa

Waste flows

Cocoa shells and cleaning rejects (cocoa_shells_rejects)

Record separately sold by-products and wastes; do not assign avoided burdens without an explicit study scenario.

• Selected flow: Unresolved cocoa shells or cleaning-residue waste flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured net shell, foreign-material, and rejected-bean output
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference cocoa powder
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bean_to_liquor_records
• Sources: icco-processing-cocoa
• Range: Provisional solid-residue QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg cocoa beans received
  • Basis: broad physical screening interval pending measured foreground evidence
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Direct roasting and dust releases (bean_route_air_releases)

Report measured or permitted direct stack and fugitive releases by individual substance; never use this aggregate candidate as a published elementary flow.

• Selected flow: Unresolved individual elementary air flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Substance-specific measured or calculated direct release after control
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference cocoa powder
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_release_records
• Sources: icco-processing-cocoa
• Range: Provisional direct-release QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.5
  • Unit: kg/kg reference cocoa powder for each reported substance
  • Basis: deliberately broad screening interval; replace with substance-specific measurement or accepted factor evidence
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Optional cocoa alkalization (alkalization)

Inputs

Product flows

Cocoa material for alkalization (alkalization_cocoa_input)

Record whether nibs, liquor, cake, or powder enter alkalization and link the amount to the corresponding upstream or internal process output.

• Selected flow: Unresolved cocoa nib, liquor, cake, or powder product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured cocoa material entering the alkalization vessel
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference cocoa powder
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_alkalization_records
• Sources: icco-processing-cocoa

Alkalizing agent (alkalizing_agent_input)

Record each alkaline compound separately by commercial-product mass and active content; do not merge different compounds into one published flow.

• Selected flow: Unresolved potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, or other declared alkalizing-agent product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured commercial product input and declared active concentration
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg alkalized cocoa material output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_alkalization_records
• Sources: icco-processing-cocoa
• Range: Provisional alkalizing-agent QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.5
  • Unit: kg/kg alkalized cocoa material output
  • Basis: broad screening interval pending formulation and batch records
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Alkalization water (alkalization_water)

Record water added to the aqueous alkaline solution and any directly metered process water.

• Selected flow: Unresolved process water product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured water input to alkalization
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg alkalized cocoa material output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_alkalization_records
• Sources: icco-processing-cocoa
• Range: Provisional water QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: kg/kg alkalized cocoa material output
  • Basis: broad screening interval pending metered foreground evidence
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Alkalized cocoa material (alkalized_cocoa_output)

Record the material state, pH or process specification, moisture, and net mass transferred to the next process.

• Selected flow: Unresolved alkalized cocoa intermediate product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured alkalized material output after inventory correction
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference cocoa powder
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_alkalization_records
• Sources: icco-processing-cocoa

Waste flows

Alkalization wastewater and residues (alkalization_wastewater)

Record transferred wastewater as a waste flow and report direct water emissions separately after on-site treatment.

• Selected flow: Unresolved wastewater waste flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered or mass-balance-calculated wastewater transferred from alkalization
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg alkalized cocoa material output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_alkalization_records
• Sources: icco-processing-cocoa
• Range: Provisional wastewater QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: kg/kg alkalized cocoa material output
  • Basis: broad screening interval pending metered or reconciled foreground evidence
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Cocoa-liquor pressing and co-product separation (liquor_pressing)

Inputs

Product flows

Cocoa liquor for pressing (pressing_liquor_input)

Record hot cocoa liquor input by mass, fat content, moisture, and lot, linked to the internal liquor output or purchased-liquor upstream dataset.

• Selected flow: Unresolved cocoa liquor product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured cocoa liquor mass entering the press
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference cocoa powder
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pressing_records
• Sources: icco-processing-cocoa
• Range: Provisional liquor-input QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.5
  • Upper: 5
  • Unit: kg/kg reference cocoa powder
  • Basis: broad screening interval pending fat- and moisture-consistent foreground mass balance
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Press electricity and hydraulic energy (pressing_energy)

Record electricity and any other energy carrier separately; retain metering and allocation to the pressing process.

• Selected flow: Unresolved electricity or hydraulic-energy product flow
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered or equipment-submetered pressing energy
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference cocoa powder
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pressing_records
• Sources: icco-processing-cocoa
• Range: Provisional pressing-energy QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.01
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: kWh/kg reference cocoa powder
  • Basis: broad first-pass screening interval pending metered foreground evidence
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Cocoa press cake (cocoa_cake_output)

Record cake output mass, moisture, residual fat category, and transfer to powder finishing.

• Selected flow: Unresolved cocoa cake product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured cocoa cake output from pressing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference cocoa powder
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pressing_records
• Sources: icco-processing-cocoa; codex-cxs-105-1981

Cocoa butter co-product (cocoa_butter_coproduct)

Record cocoa butter as a separate product output whenever it has a product destination; retain its measured mass and quality state for allocation.

• Selected flow: Unresolved cocoa butter product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured cocoa butter output from pressing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg cocoa liquor pressed
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pressing_records
• Sources: icco-processing-cocoa; mass-balance-identity
• Range: Physical co-product mass-balance guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg cocoa liquor pressed
  • Basis: cocoa butter output cannot exceed cocoa liquor input on a consistent mass basis
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: mass-balance-identity

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: Cake cooling, breaking, milling, tempering, storage, and packing (powder_finishing)

Inputs

Product flows

Cocoa cake input (cocoa_cake_input)

Record cocoa cake from on-site pressing or an upstream supplier, including residual fat category, moisture, alkalization state, and net mass.

• Selected flow: Unresolved cocoa cake product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured cocoa cake input to finishing after inventory correction
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference cocoa powder
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_powder_finishing_records
• Sources: icco-processing-cocoa; codex-cxs-105-1981
• Range: Provisional cake-input QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.9
  • Upper: 2
  • Unit: kg/kg reference cocoa powder
  • Basis: broad screening interval pending measured loss- and moisture-consistent mass balance
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Finishing electricity (finishing_electricity)

Record metered electricity for cake cooling, breaking, milling, classification, conveying, dust control, tempering, storage conditioning, and packing.

• Selected flow: Unresolved electricity product flow
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered or allocated electricity for powder finishing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference cocoa powder
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_powder_finishing_records
• Sources: icco-processing-cocoa
• Range: Provisional finishing-electricity QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.01
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: kWh/kg reference cocoa powder
  • Basis: broad first-pass screening interval pending metered foreground evidence
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Primary packaging materials (packaging_input)

Record each bag, liner, carton, drum, pallet, and wrap material separately by material and net mass; exclude reusable transport packaging only with a documented reuse model.

• Selected flow: Unresolved material-specific packaging product flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Purchased or issued packaging mass attributable to the packed reference product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg packed reference cocoa powder
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_powder_finishing_records
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional packaging QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.5
  • Unit: kg/kg packed reference cocoa powder
  • Basis: broad screening interval pending packaging bill-of-material records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Conforming unsweetened cocoa powder (reference_powder_output)

Record exactly the net conforming powder mass at the declared gate; retain fat category, moisture, alkalization status, particle size, packaging, and lot identity.

• Selected flow: Cocoa powder, not sweetened 2601a019-8ff4-4296-8773-24f0901f8419
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Fixed reference output of 1 kg conforming packed powder
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Not applicable (not_applicable)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg reference cocoa powder
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Sources: codex-cxs-105-1981

Waste flows

Off-spec powder and collected dust (offspec_powder_waste)

Record material sent to waste treatment separately from internally reworked powder; internal rework remains an internal loop.

• Selected flow: Unresolved cocoa-powder waste flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured off-spec powder and collected dust leaving as waste
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference cocoa powder
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_powder_finishing_records
• Sources: icco-processing-cocoa
• Range: Provisional powder-loss QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.5
  • Unit: kg/kg reference cocoa powder
  • Basis: broad screening interval pending reconciled foreground evidence
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Uncaptured powder dust to air (powder_dust_air)

Report only substance-specific uncaptured releases after control; collected dust transferred as waste belongs in the waste row above.

• Selected flow: Unresolved cocoa dust elementary flow to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured or calculated uncaptured powder dust release after control
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference cocoa powder
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_release_records
• Sources: icco-processing-cocoa
• Range: Provisional dust-release QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.1
  • Unit: kg/kg reference cocoa powder
  • Basis: deliberately broad screening interval; replace with measured release or accepted control-factor evidence
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivide_first	Shared and separable foreground operations	First use process subdivision and direct metering to assign burdens to bean preparation, alkalization, pressing, and powder finishing; retain unallocated totals for reconciliation.	mass-balance-identity
allocation_pressing_coproducts	Joint cocoa cake and cocoa butter outputs from pressing	When subdivision cannot separate the joint pressing burdens, allocate those burdens between cocoa cake and cocoa butter using a documented physical relationship that reflects the process; if no defensible physical relationship is demonstrated, use economic allocation and report prices, currency, geography, averaging period, and calculation.	icco-processing-cocoa; mass-balance-identity
allocation_sensitivity	Material co-product allocation	Report an alternative mass-based or economic sensitivity when the selected method materially changes the powder result; do not apply avoided-burden substitution unless the study explicitly expands the scenario and discloses it.
allocation_waste_rework	Shells, rejects, collected dust, wastewater, and internal rework	Treat internal rework as an internal loop; classify an outgoing material as product, co-product, residue, or waste from its documented destination and economic status, and do not assign negative burdens by default.	mass-balance-identity

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_bean_to_liquor_records	bean_to_liquor	Bean, liquor, shell/reject, electricity, and roasting-energy quantities	weighbridge, scale, meter, fuel invoice, batch, and inventory records	lot id; origin/blend; input/output mass; moisture; inventory change; electricity; fuel/heat quantity and basis; shell/reject mass; operating time	Calibrated scales and meters reconciled to purchasing, production, and inventory records	kg; kWh; MJ; native fuel unit	Per lot or meter-reading interval, aggregated to the declared reference period	Representative declared operating period including relevant production variation	Reporting facility and included equipment	Correct inventory change, convert units transparently, then normalize net quantities to conforming powder output	Calibration or verification records; meter coverage; invoices; lot traceability; reconciliation log
cp_alkalization_records	alkalization	Cocoa material, alkaline compound, water, output, and wastewater	formulation, batch, scale, water meter, laboratory, and transfer records	material state; input/output mass; compound identity; commercial mass; active concentration; water; temperature/pressure if retained; moisture; pH or specification; wastewater	Batch-level recording with calibrated scales or meters and laboratory result linkage	kg; concentration unit; pH; process-condition unit	Each alkalization batch	All included batches in the declared reference period	Reporting facility and included alkalization equipment	Aggregate compound-specific and water records without merging identities; reconcile input, output, wastewater, releases, and inventory change	Formulation authorization; certificates; calibration; laboratory method/result; batch reconciliation
cp_pressing_records	liquor_pressing	Liquor, cake, cocoa butter, and pressing energy	batch, scale, press, meter, laboratory, and inventory records	liquor/cake/butter mass; fat content; moisture; batch id; energy; inventory change; destination	Direct mass measurement with laboratory characterization and submetered or allocated energy	kg; kWh; MJ; percentage	Each press campaign or reconciled reporting interval	All included campaigns in the declared reference period	Reporting facility and included presses	Reconcile liquor input to cake, butter, residues, releases, and inventory change on a consistent basis before allocation	Scale and meter checks; laboratory result; destination evidence; mass-balance reconciliation
cp_powder_finishing_records	powder_finishing	Cake, electricity, packaging, conforming powder, rework, and waste	batch, scale, meter, packaging issue, quality-release, and inventory records	cake mass/specification; electricity; packaging material/mass; powder output; moisture; fat category; alkalization status; particle size; rework; waste; inventory change	Direct measurement linked to lot release and packaging bill of materials	kg; kWh; specification unit	Each lot or meter-reading interval, aggregated to the declared reference period	All conforming and rejected production in the declared reference period	Reporting facility and included finishing/packing equipment	Separate conforming output, internal rework, waste, and inventory change; normalize inputs to net conforming packed powder	Calibration; packaging bill; batch traceability; laboratory release; inventory reconciliation
cp_direct_release_records	bean_to_liquor; powder_finishing	Direct air and water releases	stack/fugitive monitoring, control-device records, permits, discharge measurements, and accepted calculation records	substance; location; measured concentration/amount; flow rate; duration; control efficiency; calculation factor/source; detection limit	Substance-specific measurement or documented calculation from collected activity data	substance-specific mass and measurement units	At monitoring frequency required by the applicable control plan and for each material operating condition	Declared period covering normal operation and relevant abnormal events	All included foreground release points	Calculate each release separately, subtract only documented captured material, and normalize to conforming powder output	Laboratory report; instrument calibration; permit record; factor reference; control-device log

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	All inventory rows	normalized amount = net process amount attributable to the declared route / net conforming packed powder output	corrected process amount; allocation result where applicable; conforming powder mass	amount per 1 kg reference powder	mass-balance-identity
calc_dry_matter	Cocoa material conversions	dry mass = as-delivered mass × (1 − measured moisture mass fraction); retain both original and converted values	as-delivered mass; measured moisture	dry mass and conversion record	codex-cxs-105-1981; mass-balance-identity
calc_process_mass_balance	Each included process	reconciliation residual = corrected inputs − products − wastes − direct mass releases − ending inventory plus beginning inventory; investigate and disclose material residuals	input/output/waste/release masses; inventory change; consistent moisture basis	process residual and reconciliation status	mass-balance-identity
calc_energy_conversion	Energy carriers	Convert only with documented unit and heating-value convention; keep native quantity, factor, and result	native energy or fuel quantity; conversion factor; heating-value basis	kWh or MJ and traceable conversion
calc_allocation_factor	Joint pressing burdens	allocation factor = selected physical relationship or economic value for one co-product / sum of the same basis across all co-products	measured co-product quantities and properties or documented prices	allocation factors summing to one	mass-balance-identity

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	Reference powder and cocoa intermediates	Retain lot-linked product name, no-added-sugar/sweetener declaration, fat category or result, moisture, alkalization status, starting material, origin/blend, particle specification, and packaging identity.	Quality-release record, certificate or specification, laboratory result, and lot traceability
dq_route_completeness	Process boundary	Reconcile the declared starting material and every included or omitted ICCO process step to the process map and upstream dataset list.	Signed route map, supplier dataset references, and omission/proxy disclosure
dq_measurement	Mass, energy, water, and releases	Use calibrated or otherwise verified measurement systems where available; disclose estimation, allocation, missing coverage, detection limits, and conversion factors.	Calibration/verification, meter map, invoices, calculation workbook, and monitoring report
dq_temporal_representativeness	Foreground reporting period	Use a declared representative period covering relevant production variation, abnormal events, rejects, rework, shutdowns, and inventory changes; explain exclusions.	Production calendar, batch register, downtime log, and period reconciliation
dq_mass_balance	Bean, liquor, cake, butter, powder, residues, and inventory	Reconcile mass on a consistent moisture basis by included process and investigate material residuals before release.	Process mass-balance table and corrective-action note
dq_provisional_ranges	Every reasoned_estimate range	Treat the range only as a QA screen; replace it with foreground measurements or cited reviewed evidence, or document explicit reviewer acceptance before publication.	Replacement source or foreground range analysis and methodology review record

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	Reference flow	Fail validation when the reference amount is not 1 kg, the reference flow UUID differs, the Mass property/unit-group identity is missing, or required product qualifiers are absent.	codex-cxs-105-1981
validate_unsweetened_scope	Product identity	Fail validation when sugar or sweetener is added, when the product is a dry cocoa-sugar mixture or chocolate powder, or when cocoa cake is not the declared powder precursor.	codex-cxs-105-1981
validate_moisture	Reference powder	Where CXS 105-1981 applies, fail validation when measured moisture exceeds 7% m/m or the moisture result and basis are absent.	codex-cxs-105-1981
validate_route_boundary	Process map and upstream datasets	Fail validation when an on-site route step is omitted or when an upstream starting material lacks a traceable dataset and omission disclosure.	icco-processing-cocoa
validate_inventory_identity	Inventory flows	Before review or publication, require each selected product, waste, and elementary flow to resolve to a reread Tiangong UUID; reject aggregate elementary-flow candidates in a published dataset.
validate_mass_balance	Each included process	Require a moisture-consistent mass-balance result and investigation/disclosure of material residuals; verify that cocoa butter does not exceed liquor input on the same basis.	mass-balance-identity
validate_allocation	Pressing co-products	Require co-product classification, measured cake and cocoa-butter outputs, selected allocation basis, factors summing to one, and sensitivity disclosure when allocation is material.	icco-processing-cocoa; mass-balance-identity
validate_reasoned_estimates	Provisional QA ranges	Treat values outside a provisional range as review flags rather than automatic non-conformance; publication requires replacement evidence or explicit methodology-review acceptance.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground production dataset for unsweetened cocoa powder at the manufacturer's gate
downstream_use	May serve as a secondary_dataset or background_dataset after methodology review, UUID resolution, and evidence replacement appropriate to the declared geography, technology, route, and period
allowed_use	Product carbon-footprint or LCA models requiring unsweetened cocoa powder when product qualifiers, system boundary, allocation, geography, technology, and time are compatible
excluded_use	Sweetened cocoa mixtures, chocolate powder, finished chocolate, cocoa butter as reference product, unexplained route substitution, or unreviewed use of provisional estimates as authoritative values
required_metadata	PCR id/version; reference-flow UUID; product name and qualifiers; CPC reference; facility geography; reference period; starting material; route and technology; natural/alkalized status; fat category/result; moisture; packaging; upstream datasets; allocation method; cut-offs; data owner and review status
required_quality_disclosure	Foreground versus secondary shares; meter and batch coverage; missing data and estimates; mass-balance residuals; allocation factors and sensitivity; provisional ranges retained; unresolved UUIDs; upstream proxy geography/time/technology; laboratory and monitoring methods
update_trigger	Change in starting material, fat category, alkalization chemistry, roasting/pressing/milling technology, energy system, packaging, co-product destination or prices, allocation method, supplier mix, regulation/specification, or evidence that materially changes the inventory or its representativeness

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
codex-cxs-105-1981	standard	Codex Alimentarius, CXS 105-1981, Standard for Cocoa Powders (Cocoas) and Dry Mixtures of Cocoa and Sugars, amended 2025, https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd8968en (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Product scope and naming; cocoa powder obtained from cocoa cake; fat-category declaration; maximum moisture; low-moisture hygiene context; validation
icco-processing-cocoa	official_guidance	International Cocoa Organization, Processing Cocoa, https://www.icco.org/processing-cocoa/ (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Process decomposition; cleaning, roasting, winnowing, grinding, optional alkalization, liquor pressing, cocoa cake and cocoa butter outputs, cake cooling/milling/tempering/storage
mass-balance-identity	method_factor	Conservation-of-mass identity applied to process inputs, products, wastes, direct releases, and inventory change	Process reconciliation, physical QA bounds, normalization, and co-product allocation calculations