Vermouth and other wine of fresh grapes flavoured with plants or aromatic substances

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to factory-gate foreground production of vermouth and other aromatised wine made from grapevine wine products and flavoured with plants, spices, herbs, natural flavouring substances, or flavouring preparations. It covers receipt of base wine, preparation or receipt of the aromatic preparation, formulation and blending, optional fortification and sweetening, maturation or holding, clarification or filtration when used, and filling and packaging.

The PCR excludes unflavoured wine, aromatised wine-based drinks below the applicable wine-content or alcoholic-strength threshold, wine-product cocktails, spirit drinks whose identity is not wine-based, and products made solely from non-grape fruit wine. Vineyard cultivation, grape processing, and base-wine vinification are represented by upstream datasets unless they are intentionally added to a wider study boundary.

For products marketed under a regulated sales denomination, the foreground data package shall identify the applicable jurisdiction and demonstrate the relevant composition and naming requirements. For an EU vermouth claim, the product is an aromatised wine whose characteristic taste is obtained using appropriate substances of Artemisia species; the current product formulation and market specification remain authoritative for the concrete dataset. Sources: eu-reg-251-2014-consolidated-2021, oiv-aromatised-wines-oeno-395-2011.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.beverages.vermouth-and-other-wine-of-fresh-grapes-flavoured-with-plats-or-aromatic-substances
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 24220
covered_products	Vermouth; aromatised wine made from fresh-grape wine and flavoured with plants, herbs, spices, aromatic foodstuffs, natural flavouring substances, or flavouring preparations
excluded_products	Unflavoured wine; aromatised wine-based drinks and wine-product cocktails outside the aromatised-wine definition; non-grape fruit vermouth-style beverages; spirit drinks
representative_product	Finished vermouth or other aromatised grape wine, expressed as net beverage mass at the factory gate
production_route	Base-wine receipt; aromatic preparation receipt or on-site extraction; blending and formulation; optional fortification, sweetening, colouring, maturation, clarification or filtration; filling and packaging
market_state	Finished liquid beverage, packaged or in declared bulk delivery form, with product subtype, alcoholic strength, sweetness, colour, formulation, and package format declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Supply of finished vermouth or other aromatised wine made from fresh-grape wine
How much	1,000 kg net beverage, excluding primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging mass
How well	Meets the declared product subtype and target-market specification for wine fraction, alcoholic strength, flavouring, sweetness, colour, and package condition
How long or cycle	One completed production and packaging batch delivered at the factory gate; no service life is assigned
reference_flow_link	The reference flow is the net mass of conforming finished beverage released from the batch

Field	Value
Reference amount	1,000 kg net finished beverage
Reference product flow	Vermouth and other wine of fresh grapes flavoured with plats or aromatic substances ec365540-43a3-42e4-975d-d2386455767a
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	product subtype and sales denomination; target market and applicable specification; base-wine identity; grapevine-product volume fraction; actual alcoholic strength by volume at 20 °C; sweetness class or sugar content; colour; complete flavouring and additive formulation; fortification status and alcohol origin; maturation or holding time; clarification or filtration route; net beverage mass; packaging format and component masses; production site and geography; batch and reference period

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	net conforming beverage output	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Normalize all foreground exchanges to 1,000 kg net beverage. Packaging mass is inventoried separately and is not included in the reference amount.
ingredient_mass	base wine, flavouring ingredients, sweeteners, processing aids, and added alcohol	Mass	kg	Record each purchased or internally transferred ingredient separately from calibrated batch issue, tank, or invoice records; do not combine ingredients into a single exchange.
liquid_composition	product conformance	Volume fraction and alcoholic strength	% vol at 20 °C	Record the grapevine-product fraction and actual alcoholic strength using the applicable target-market method. Under the cited EU aromatised-wine definition, grapevine products are at least 75% of total volume and actual alcoholic strength is at least 14.5% vol and below 22% vol.
electricity_use	each foreground process	Energy	kWh	Record metered electricity by process or allocate a shared meter using documented operating-time and rated-load records.
water_use	extraction, formulation, cleaning, and package rinsing	Volume or Mass	m3 or kg	Record each water use role separately; do not merge product-formulation water with cleaning or rinsing water.
packaging_mass	each packaging component	Mass	kg	Record issued mass separately for every primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging component and subtract documented unused returns.
wastewater_load	each wastewater discharge indicator	Mass	kg	Calculate each pollutant load separately as discharged volume multiplied by a representative measured concentration, with treatment and discharge boundary declared.

5. System Boundary

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_factory_gate	foreground production	Include all directly controlled operations from receipt of base wine and aromatic inputs through release of finished bulk or packaged aromatised wine.	abreu-et-al-2021-fortified-wines; monteiro-2022-wine-lca
boundary_upstream_inputs	purchased products and services	Link base wine, grape must, alcohol, sweeteners, botanicals, flavouring preparations, process aids, water, electricity, and each packaging component to separate upstream datasets.	eu-reg-251-2014-consolidated-2021; oiv-aromatised-wines-oeno-395-2011
boundary_waste_emissions	wastes and direct releases	Include each solid waste, wastewater stream, wastewater pollutant load, and direct air emission generated by foreground operations; identify treatment and receiving compartment.	monteiro-2022-wine-lca
boundary_atomic_inventory	all inventory rows	Keep electricity, each thermal carrier or fuel actually used, each refrigerant leaked, water by role, every ingredient and chemical, every packaging component, each waste, each wastewater indicator, and each air emission as separate exchanges.

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Base wine and purchased aromatic or packaging inputs received at the reporting facility gate; any on-site aromatic extraction route is declared
starting_condition_role	The base wine is an upstream product input; the foreground category transformation begins with aromatisation and formulation
product_classification_scope	Finished vermouth and other plant- or aromatic-substance-flavoured wine of fresh grapes
recursive_input_rule	A returned or reworked product that already belongs to this category remains a separately quantified same-category product input; its prior production burdens are not silently absorbed or cut off
upstream_dataset_requirement	Use product-specific upstream datasets for base wine and major formulation and packaging inputs; disclose geography, technology, recycled content, and allocation where material
disclosure	Declare whether base-wine production, on-site extraction, maturation, filtration, wastewater treatment, packaging manufacture, and distribution are inside or linked outside the foreground boundary

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
aromatic_preparation	Aromatic preparation	conditional	Include when herbs, spices, or other plant materials are extracted or infused on site; omit when a purchased flavouring preparation is dosed directly	Produce the declared aromatic extract or infusion	kg aromatic preparation transferred to formulation
formulation_and_stabilisation	Formulation and stabilisation	required	Always include; conditional inputs and operations are activated by the declared recipe and production route	Blend base wine and aromatic preparation, adjust composition, mature or hold, clarify or filter, and release conforming bulk beverage	kg conforming bulk beverage
filling_and_packaging	Filling and packaging	conditional	Include for packaged factory-gate product; omit only for a declared bulk-delivery reference product	Fill, close, label, case, and palletize the finished beverage	1,000 kg net finished beverage

Process: Aromatic preparation (aromatic_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Wormwood herb (artemisia_absinthium)

Dried Artemisia absinthium or the specifically declared Artemisia species is recorded separately when used to produce the characteristic vermouth flavour on site.

• Selected flow: Dried Artemisia absinthium herb
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record weighed mass issued to the extraction or infusion batch.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg aromatic preparation transferred to formulation
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_aromatic_ingredients
• Sources: eu-reg-251-2014-consolidated-2021; abreu-et-al-2021-fortified-wines

Coriander seed (coriander_seed)

Coriander seed is recorded as its own ingredient when present in the declared botanical recipe.

• Selected flow: Dried coriander seed
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record weighed mass issued to the extraction or infusion batch; mark not applicable when absent.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg aromatic preparation transferred to formulation
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_aromatic_ingredients
• Sources: abreu-et-al-2021-fortified-wines

Clove flower buds (clove_bud)

Clove flower buds are recorded as their own ingredient when present in the declared botanical recipe.

• Selected flow: Dried clove flower buds
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record weighed mass issued to the extraction or infusion batch; mark not applicable when absent.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg aromatic preparation transferred to formulation
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_aromatic_ingredients
• Sources: abreu-et-al-2021-fortified-wines

Chamomile flowers (chamomile_flower)

Chamomile flowers are recorded as their own ingredient when present in the declared botanical recipe.

• Selected flow: Dried chamomile flowers
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record weighed mass issued to the extraction or infusion batch; mark not applicable when absent.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg aromatic preparation transferred to formulation
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_aromatic_ingredients
• Sources: abreu-et-al-2021-fortified-wines

Extraction ethanol (extraction_ethanol)

Agricultural ethyl alcohol used as extraction solvent is recorded separately from alcohol later added for product fortification.

• Selected flow: Ethyl alcohol of agricultural origin
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record mass transferred to the extraction batch from tank or issue records.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg aromatic preparation transferred to formulation
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_aromatic_liquids
• Sources: eu-reg-251-2014-consolidated-2021

Extraction water (extraction_water)

Water entering the aromatic extraction or infusion is recorded separately from formulation, cleaning, and bottle-rinsing water.

• Selected flow: Potable process water
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Record metered or batch-dosed extraction water.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg aromatic preparation transferred to formulation
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_aromatic_liquids
• Sources: eu-reg-251-2014-consolidated-2021

Extraction electricity (extraction_electricity)

Electricity for milling, agitation, pumping, temperature control, and transfer is recorded for the on-site aromatic-preparation process.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage, at plant
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Record sub-metered consumption or calculate from documented operating time and rated load.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg aromatic preparation transferred to formulation
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_electricity
• Sources: monteiro-2022-wine-lca

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Aromatic preparation transferred to formulation (natural_flavouring_preparation)

The produced extract or infusion is recorded as a single intermediate product transferred to formulation, while its individual ingredients remain visible above.

• Selected flow: Natural flavouring preparation
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record net transferred mass after extraction and separation of botanical solids.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per extraction batch
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_aromatic_output
• Sources: eu-reg-251-2014-consolidated-2021; abreu-et-al-2021-fortified-wines

Waste flows

Spent botanical solids (spent_botanical_solids)

Separated plant material leaving extraction is recorded as one specific wet spent-botanical waste stream, with destination declared.

• Selected flow: Spent botanical extraction solids
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh each outgoing container or determine mass from a documented container-count and average-weight method.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg aromatic preparation transferred to formulation
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_wastes
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Process: Formulation and stabilisation (formulation_and_stabilisation)

Inputs

Product flows

Base grape wine (base_wine)

Base wine is the principal upstream product input and remains separately visible from must, alcohol, water, sweetener, and flavouring inputs.

• Selected flow: Base grape wine
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record calibrated tank mass transferred into each formulation batch.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming bulk beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_formulation_ingredients
• Sources: eu-reg-251-2014-consolidated-2021; oiv-aromatised-wines-oeno-395-2011; abreu-et-al-2021-fortified-wines

Purchased natural flavouring preparation (natural_flavouring_preparation_input)

A purchased natural flavouring preparation is recorded as a single product input only when the flavouring is not produced in the on-site aromatic-preparation process.

• Selected flow: Natural flavouring preparation
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record net mass dosed from supplier and batch records; mark not applicable for the on-site extraction route.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming bulk beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_formulation_ingredients
• Sources: eu-reg-251-2014-consolidated-2021; abreu-et-al-2021-fortified-wines

Agricultural ethyl alcohol for fortification (agricultural_ethanol)

Alcohol added to adjust or fortify the beverage is recorded separately from alcohol used only as an extraction or additive carrier.

• Selected flow: Ethyl alcohol of agricultural origin
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record mass dosed to the formulation batch; mark not applicable when no alcohol is added.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming bulk beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_formulation_ingredients
• Sources: eu-reg-251-2014-consolidated-2021; oiv-aromatised-wines-oeno-395-2011; abreu-et-al-2021-fortified-wines

Sucrose (sucrose)

Sucrose is recorded separately when used for sweetening; any other sweetener used by the concrete recipe shall be represented by its own additional atomic row.

• Selected flow: Refined sucrose
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record weighed mass dosed to the formulation batch; mark not applicable when absent.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming bulk beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_formulation_ingredients
• Sources: eu-reg-251-2014-consolidated-2021

Grape must (grape_must)

Grape must is recorded separately from base wine and sucrose when used for sweetening or composition adjustment.

• Selected flow: Grape must
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record calibrated tank or weighed mass dosed to the batch; mark not applicable when absent.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming bulk beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_formulation_ingredients
• Sources: eu-reg-251-2014-consolidated-2021

Formulation water (formulation_water)

Water added to prepare flavouring essence, dissolve sweetener, or adjust final composition is recorded separately from cleaning and rinsing water.

• Selected flow: Potable process water
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Record metered or batch-dosed water entering the product.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming bulk beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_formulation_ingredients
• Sources: eu-reg-251-2014-consolidated-2021

Formulation electricity (formulation_electricity)

Electricity for pumping, mixing, cooling, maturation control, clarification, filtration, and transfers is recorded for this process.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage, at plant
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Record sub-metered consumption or allocate a shared meter by documented operating time and rated load.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming bulk beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_electricity
• Sources: monteiro-2022-wine-lca

Diatomaceous earth filter aid (filter_aid)

Diatomaceous earth is recorded as a separate processing-aid input only when used in the declared filtration route.

• Selected flow: Diatomaceous earth filter aid
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record issued mass from filtration batch records; mark not applicable when absent.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming bulk beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_formulation_ingredients
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Conforming bulk aromatised wine (bulk_aromatised_wine)

Conforming bulk beverage is transferred to filling or released for declared bulk delivery after recipe and quality checks.

• Selected flow: Bulk aromatised grape wine
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record calibrated release-tank mass meeting the declared product specification.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per formulation batch
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bulk_product_release
• Sources: abreu-et-al-2021-fortified-wines

Waste flows

Filtration residue (filtration_residue)

Wet filter cake or retained clarification solids are recorded separately from wastewater and off-spec beverage.

• Selected flow: Wine filtration residue
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh outgoing containers or calculate from documented container counts and representative wet weights.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming bulk beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_wastes
• Sources:

Off-spec aromatised wine (off_spec_wine)

Rejected beverage sent to treatment, recovery, or disposal is recorded separately; internally reworked beverage remains a same-category product input rather than waste.

• Selected flow: Off-spec aromatised wine
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record rejected mass by destination from deviation and dispatch records.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming bulk beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_wastes
• Sources:

Winery wastewater (winery_wastewater)

Wastewater from formulation, transfer, tank cleaning, and filtration is recorded as a distinct wastewater flow before or after on-site treatment as declared.

• Selected flow: Winery process wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Record discharged volume by process meter or a documented water-balance calculation.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming bulk beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_monitoring
• Sources: monteiro-2022-wine-lca

Elementary flows

Ethanol emitted to air (ethanol_to_air)

Direct ethanol loss to air from open transfer, blending, maturation, or filtration is reported when measured or when a site mass balance identifies a non-negligible volatile loss.

• Selected flow: Ethanol, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Use direct monitoring where available; otherwise calculate only a documented residual ethanol mass balance and disclose uncertainty.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming bulk beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_air_emissions
• Sources:

Chemical oxygen demand discharged to water (wastewater_cod)

COD is reported as a separate elementary load for the declared wastewater discharge point.

• Selected flow: Chemical oxygen demand, to water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Discharged wastewater volume multiplied by flow-weighted COD concentration.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming bulk beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_monitoring
• Sources: monteiro-2022-wine-lca

Five-day biochemical oxygen demand discharged to water (wastewater_bod5)

BOD5 is reported separately from COD for the declared wastewater discharge point.

• Selected flow: Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, to water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Discharged wastewater volume multiplied by flow-weighted BOD5 concentration.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming bulk beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_monitoring
• Sources: monteiro-2022-wine-lca

Total nitrogen discharged to water (wastewater_total_nitrogen)

Total nitrogen is reported as its own elementary load for the declared wastewater discharge point.

• Selected flow: Total nitrogen, to water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Discharged wastewater volume multiplied by flow-weighted total-nitrogen concentration.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming bulk beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_monitoring
• Sources:

Total phosphorus discharged to water (wastewater_total_phosphorus)

Total phosphorus is reported as its own elementary load for the declared wastewater discharge point.

• Selected flow: Total phosphorus, to water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Discharged wastewater volume multiplied by flow-weighted total-phosphorus concentration.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg conforming bulk beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_monitoring
• Sources:

Process: Filling and packaging (filling_and_packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Bulk aromatised wine for filling (bulk_aromatised_wine_input)

Conforming bulk beverage entering the filling line is recorded before packaging components are added.

• Selected flow: Bulk aromatised grape wine
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record calibrated filler-feed mass reconciled to packaged product and line losses.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net packaged beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_line_balance
• Sources: monteiro-2022-wine-lca

Packaging electricity (packaging_electricity)

Electricity used by rinsing, filling, closing, labelling, conveying, case packing, and pallet wrapping is recorded separately.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage, at plant
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Record line sub-meter data or calculate from documented operating time and rated load.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net packaged beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_electricity
• Sources: monteiro-2022-wine-lca

Bottle-rinsing water (bottle_rinsing_water)

Water used to rinse empty containers or clean the filling line is recorded separately from water incorporated into the beverage.

• Selected flow: Potable process water
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Record the filling-line water meter or a documented rinse-cycle calculation.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net packaged beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_water
• Sources: monteiro-2022-wine-lca

Glass bottle (glass_bottle)

Glass containers are recorded separately when used for the declared package format.

• Selected flow: Glass beverage bottle
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record issued bottle count multiplied by verified unit mass, less unused returns.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net packaged beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_components
• Sources: monteiro-2022-wine-lca

Polyethylene terephthalate bottle (pet_bottle)

PET containers are recorded separately only when used for the declared package format.

• Selected flow: Polyethylene terephthalate beverage bottle
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record issued bottle count multiplied by verified unit mass, less unused returns; mark not applicable for other formats.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net packaged beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_components
• Sources: monteiro-2022-wine-lca

Bag-in-box liner (bag_in_box_liner)

The flexible product-contact liner is recorded separately from its corrugated outer box.

• Selected flow: Polyethylene bag-in-box liner
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record issued liner count multiplied by verified unit mass, less unused returns; mark not applicable for other formats.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net packaged beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_components
• Sources: monteiro-2022-wine-lca

Corrugated box (corrugated_box)

The corrugated case or bag-in-box outer is recorded as its own packaging component.

• Selected flow: Corrugated board box
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record issued count multiplied by verified unit mass, less unused returns.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net packaged beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_components
• Sources: monteiro-2022-wine-lca

Aluminium closure (aluminium_closure)

An aluminium screw cap is recorded separately when used.

• Selected flow: Aluminium beverage closure
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record issued closure count multiplied by verified unit mass, less unused returns; mark not applicable for other closure routes.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net packaged beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_components
• Sources:

Cork closure (cork_closure)

A natural cork stopper is recorded separately when used.

• Selected flow: Natural cork stopper
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record issued stopper count multiplied by verified unit mass, less unused returns; mark not applicable for other closure routes.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net packaged beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_components
• Sources:

Paper label (paper_label)

Paper labels are recorded separately from the container, closure, and corrugated case.

• Selected flow: Coated paper beverage label
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record issued label count multiplied by verified unit mass, less unused returns.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net packaged beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_components
• Sources:

Polyethylene pallet wrap (polyethylene_wrap)

Stretch or shrink film used for pallet stabilization is recorded as its own tertiary packaging component.

• Selected flow: Polyethylene stretch film
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record roll mass issued minus remaining roll mass, normalized to the packaged batch.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net packaged beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_components
• Sources:

Wooden pallet (wooden_pallet)

Wooden pallets are recorded separately with the declared reuse count or one-way status.

• Selected flow: Wooden EUR pallet
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record pallets assigned to the batch and allocate reusable pallet mass over the documented expected trips.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net packaged beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_components
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Packaged reference product (packaged_product)

The output is the conforming net beverage mass; packaging components remain separate inventory inputs.

• Selected flow: Vermouth and other wine of fresh grapes flavoured with plats or aromatic substances ec365540-43a3-42e4-975d-d2386455767a
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Set to 1,000 kg net released beverage after reconciling filler output, line losses, and rejects.
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Sources:

Waste flows

Waste glass (waste_glass)

Broken or rejected glass bottles are recorded separately from other packaging wastes.

• Selected flow: Waste packaging glass
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh outgoing glass waste or reconcile issued, filled, returned, and rejected bottle counts with unit mass.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net packaged beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_wastes
• Sources: monteiro-2022-wine-lca

Waste PET (waste_pet)

Rejected PET bottles are recorded separately from polyethylene liner or film waste.

• Selected flow: Waste polyethylene terephthalate packaging
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh outgoing PET waste or reconcile rejected container counts with unit mass.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net packaged beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_wastes
• Sources: monteiro-2022-wine-lca

Waste aluminium closures (waste_aluminium)

Rejected aluminium closures are recorded separately.

• Selected flow: Waste aluminium closures
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Reconcile rejected closure counts with verified unit mass.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net packaged beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_wastes
• Sources:

Waste cork (waste_cork)

Rejected cork closures are recorded separately.

• Selected flow: Waste natural cork
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Reconcile rejected stopper counts with verified unit mass.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net packaged beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_wastes
• Sources:

Waste paper labels (waste_paper_label)

Rejected paper labels are recorded separately from corrugated board, glass, metals, and plastics.

• Selected flow: Waste coated paper labels
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh outgoing label waste or reconcile issued and used label masses.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net packaged beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_wastes
• Sources: monteiro-2022-wine-lca

Waste corrugated board (waste_corrugated_board)

Rejected corrugated cases and bag-in-box outers are recorded separately from paper labels and other packaging wastes.

• Selected flow: Waste corrugated board
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh outgoing corrugated-board waste or reconcile issued and used box masses.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net packaged beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_wastes
• Sources: monteiro-2022-wine-lca

Waste polyethylene liner (waste_polyethylene_liner)

Rejected polyethylene bag-in-box liners are recorded separately from pallet film and PET waste.

• Selected flow: Waste polyethylene bag-in-box liner
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh outgoing liner waste or reconcile rejected liner counts with verified unit mass.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net packaged beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_wastes
• Sources: monteiro-2022-wine-lca

Waste polyethylene pallet film (waste_polyethylene_film)

Discarded pallet stretch film is recorded separately from bag-in-box liners and PET waste.

• Selected flow: Waste polyethylene stretch film
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh outgoing film waste or reconcile film issued and used for the packaged batch.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net packaged beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_wastes
• Sources: monteiro-2022-wine-lca

Packaging-line wastewater (packaging_wastewater)

Container-rinsing and filling-line cleaning wastewater is recorded separately from formulation-process wastewater.

• Selected flow: Beverage packaging-line wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Record discharged volume by line meter or a documented water balance.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net packaged beverage
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_water
• Sources: monteiro-2022-wine-lca

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivide	product-specific batches and lines	First subdivide meters, tanks, batches, extraction campaigns, and packaging lines so that product-specific inputs and outputs are directly assigned.
allocation_mass	inseparable shared operations	If subdivision is not practicable and products have comparable functions, allocate shared utilities and wastes by net conforming beverage mass; document the numerator, denominator, and reference period.
allocation_causal	shared operations with measurable drivers	Use a more specific causal driver, such as line operating time, tank occupancy, cleaning cycles, or packaging counts, when it better explains resource use than mass.
allocation_rework	same-category rework	Keep returned or reworked aromatised wine as a quantified product input and avoid double counting its prior production burdens.
allocation_recovery	wastes sent for recovery	Report waste quantity and destination separately and disclose any substitution or recycling credit outside the foreground inventory; do not hide it in a reduced waste amount.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_aromatic_ingredients	aromatic_preparation	each individual botanical ingredient	scale and batch issue record	ingredient identity; supplier lot; gross and tare mass; returned mass; batch id	calibrated scale linked to recipe issue record	kg	each batch	representative 12 months or all campaigns in the reporting period	all on-site extraction lines	sum net issued mass by ingredient and divide by transferred aromatic preparation	scale calibration; batch genealogy; supplier specification
cp_aromatic_liquids	aromatic_preparation	extraction ethanol or extraction water	tank, flowmeter, or batch dosing record	liquid identity; opening and closing tank level; meter reading; density or temperature if needed; batch id	calibrated tank or flowmeter reconciliation	kg or m3	each batch	representative 12 months	all extraction tanks	sum each liquid separately and normalize to aromatic preparation output	meter calibration; tank chart; recipe record
cp_aromatic_output	aromatic_preparation	aromatic preparation output	transfer record	source batch; destination tank; gross and tare mass; transfer loss	calibrated transfer tank or scale	kg	each transfer	representative 12 months	all extraction lines	sum net transferred mass	transfer reconciliation; batch release record
cp_formulation_ingredients	formulation_and_stabilisation	each base-wine, flavouring, alcohol, sweetener, water, must, or process-aid row	tank, scale, invoice, and recipe record	material identity; supplier lot; opening and closing quantity; gross and tare; density; batch id	calibrated tank, meter, or scale reconciled to recipe	kg or m3	each batch	representative 12 months	all formulation tanks	calculate net quantity separately for every material row and normalize to conforming bulk output	calibration; supplier specification; batch reconciliation
cp_process_electricity	each applicable process	electricity	meter and operating record	opening and closing meter reading; process id; operating hours; rated load if allocated	direct sub-meter preferred; documented engineering allocation otherwise	kWh	each batch or monthly	representative 12 months	all foreground equipment	sum by process; shared use follows the declared causal allocation rule	meter calibration; equipment log; allocation worksheet
cp_process_wastes	applicable process	each solid or liquid waste row	waste dispatch and internal container record	waste identity; gross and tare mass; container count; destination; treatment route; batch or period	weighbridge, calibrated scale, or verified container method	kg	each dispatch	representative 12 months	all foreground operations	sum separately by waste identity and destination	tickets; invoices; container-weight study
cp_bulk_product_release	formulation_and_stabilisation	conforming bulk beverage and off-spec beverage	tank release and quality record	tank mass; product code; batch id; release status; ABV; grapevine fraction; sugar; colour	calibrated tank measurement plus laboratory release test	kg; % vol; g/L as applicable	each batch	all batches in reporting period	all formulation tanks	sum only conforming released mass for denominator; keep off-spec mass separate	tank calibration; laboratory certificate; release authorization
cp_wastewater_monitoring	formulation_and_stabilisation	wastewater volume, COD, BOD5, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus	discharge meter and laboratory record	volume; sampling time; COD; BOD5; total nitrogen; total phosphorus; treatment stage; discharge compartment	continuous or batch volume measurement with representative flow-weighted sampling	m3 and mg/L	each discharge campaign or permit frequency	representative 12 months including peak production	all foreground discharge points	calculate every indicator separately at the declared discharge point	meter calibration; accredited laboratory reports; sampling plan
cp_direct_air_emissions	formulation_and_stabilisation	ethanol to air	monitoring or mass-balance record	ethanol input; ethanol in product; ethanol in liquid waste; recovered ethanol; measured vent concentration and flow if available	direct monitoring preferred; otherwise closed documented batch mass balance	kg	each monitored campaign or batch balance	representative operating conditions over 12 months	all applicable equipment	report the measured or residual loss separately and disclose uncertainty	instrument calibration; balance closure; engineering review
cp_packaging_line_balance	filling_and_packaging	bulk beverage input, packaged beverage, and liquid line loss	filler and tank record	feed mass; filled units; net fill mass; rejects; recovered product; product code	calibrated tank and checkweigher reconciliation	kg	each packaging batch	representative 12 months	all filling lines	reconcile input to net released beverage, recoveries, and losses	tank calibration; checkweigher verification; line reconciliation
cp_packaging_water	filling_and_packaging	bottle-rinsing water or packaging-line wastewater	water and discharge meter record	supply meter; discharge meter; cleaning cycle; line id; batch id	line sub-meter or documented cycle-volume calculation	m3	each batch or monthly	representative 12 months	all filling lines	keep supply water and wastewater separate; normalize to net packaged beverage	meter calibration; cleaning log; water balance
cp_packaging_components	filling_and_packaging	each individual packaging component	bill of materials, issue, and unit-mass record	component identity; count issued; count returned; unit mass; recycled content; supplier lot	verified count multiplied by measured unit mass, or direct issued mass	kg	each packaging batch	representative 12 months	all packaging formats	calculate each component separately; reusable pallet mass is divided by documented trips	supplier specification; unit-mass sample; inventory reconciliation
cp_packaging_wastes	filling_and_packaging	each individual packaging waste	rejection and waste dispatch record	component material; rejected count or mass; destination; treatment route	direct weighing or rejected count multiplied by verified unit mass	kg	each batch and dispatch	representative 12 months	all packaging lines	sum separately for glass bottles, PET bottles, aluminium closures, cork closures, paper labels, corrugated board, polyethylene liners, and polyethylene film	rejection log; waste ticket; unit-mass verification

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalize_exchange	every inventory row	normalized amount = net process amount / conforming process output × 1,000 kg	net recorded amount; conforming output mass	amount per 1,000 kg reference product
net_ingredient_issue	each ingredient	net ingredient mass = gross issued mass − tare mass − documented unused return	issue, tare, and return records	net ingredient mass
packaging_component_mass	each packaging component	component mass = (issued count − returned unused count) × verified unit mass; reusable pallet mass is divided by documented trip count	component counts; unit mass; reuse trips	kg component per 1,000 kg beverage
wastewater_pollutant_load	each wastewater indicator	load = discharged volume × flow-weighted concentration with unit conversion; calculate COD, BOD5, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus independently	m3 wastewater; mg/L indicator	kg indicator per 1,000 kg beverage	monteiro-2022-wine-lca
batch_mass_balance	formulation and packaging	mass-balance closure = accounted product, waste, emissions, and inventory change divided by measured material inputs; investigate and disclose unexplained residuals	all measured inputs; products; wastes; emissions; opening and closing inventories	closure ratio and residual mass

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	all product and waste rows	Record one physical or chemical flow per row and retain product, supplier, grade, composition, and route identity needed to select an upstream dataset.	purchase specification; safety or technical sheet; recipe; Tiangong UUID where confirmed
dq_temporal	all foreground data	Use at least 12 consecutive representative months when production is continuous; for campaigns, include all campaigns in the reporting period and disclose seasonality.	meter exports; batch register; production calendar
dq_completeness	ingredients, utilities, packaging, wastes, wastewater indicators, and emissions	Reconcile recipe, purchase, meter, packaging, waste, laboratory, and product-release records; no aggregate placeholder may replace individual exchanges.	completeness matrix and mass-balance review
dq_measurement	measured quantities	Use calibrated meters, tanks, scales, and laboratory methods; document estimation or allocation where direct measurement is unavailable.	calibration certificates; laboratory accreditation; allocation worksheet
dq_composition	reference product	Verify product subtype, grapevine-product fraction, alcoholic strength, flavouring, sweetening, colour, and target-market conformance for each product family.	recipe approval; laboratory release result; legal or specification review
dq_geography	upstream links	Match electricity, water, base wine, alcohol, ingredients, and packaging datasets to the production and supplier geography or disclose proxies.	supplier location; utility contract; proxy justification

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	reference product	The output UUID, Mass flow property, kg unit, net beverage basis, product subtype, and required qualifiers are present and internally consistent.
validate_category_scope	product category	The product is made from fresh-grape wine products and is flavoured with plants or aromatic substances; excluded wine-based drinks, cocktails, non-grape beverages, and spirits are rejected.	eu-reg-251-2014-consolidated-2021; oiv-aromatised-wines-oeno-395-2011
validate_vermouth_claim	product sold as vermouth	When vermouth is claimed under the cited EU definition, appropriate Artemisia substances and the applicable composition and alcoholic-strength conditions are evidenced.	eu-reg-251-2014-consolidated-2021
validate_atomic_flows	inventory	Every electricity, thermal carrier, fuel, refrigerant, water role, ingredient, chemical, packaging component, waste, wastewater indicator, and air emission used by the site is a separate row; collection labels and selector placeholders are rejected.
validate_process_coverage	process map	Aromatic preparation is included when performed on site; formulation and stabilisation are included; filling and packaging are included unless the reference product is explicitly bulk delivered.	abreu-et-al-2021-fortified-wines; monteiro-2022-wine-lca
validate_mass_balance	each process and total foreground	Product, wastes, emissions, and inventory change are reconciled to measured inputs; unexplained residuals are investigated and disclosed.
validate_wastewater	wastewater	Wastewater volume and each measured COD, BOD5, total-nitrogen, and total-phosphorus load are reported at a declared treatment or discharge point without aggregation.	monteiro-2022-wine-lca
validate_packaging	packaged product	The declared package format matches individual component rows and component masses; glass, PET, bag-in-box liner, corrugated board, closures, labels, film, and pallets are not aggregated.	monteiro-2022-wine-lca
validate_no_case_ranges	all quantitative ranges	A single plant, batch, scenario, or literature observation is not represented as a range, and no range repeats a case value as equal lower and upper bounds.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground production dataset for finished vermouth or other aromatised fresh-grape wine
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset after review and publication
allowed_use	Product carbon footprint, life-cycle inventory, environmental footprint, supply-chain comparison, and internal improvement where product subtype, geography, formulation, and package format are compatible
excluded_use	Unflavoured wine, wine-based drinks or cocktails outside scope, non-grape fruit beverages, spirits, or undisclosed recipes and package formats
required_metadata	PCR id and version; product subtype; target market; production site and period; base-wine origin; recipe and ingredient identities; ABV; grapevine-product fraction; sweetness and colour; maturation and filtration route; package format; net mass; allocation; upstream dataset links
required_quality_disclosure	Primary-data coverage; meter and scale calibration; recipe completeness; mass-balance closure; wastewater sampling; direct-emission method; packaging unit-mass evidence; proxies; exclusions; uncertainty; unresolved UUIDs
update_trigger	Recipe, base-wine source, sales denomination, production technology, energy or water system, wastewater treatment, packaging format, allocation method, site, or applicable legal specification changes materially

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
eu-reg-251-2014-consolidated-2021	Standard (standard)	Regulation (EU) No 251/2014, consolidated text of 7 December 2021, EUR-Lex, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/251/2021-12-07/eng/pdf (retrieved 2026-08-20)	Official aromatised-wine and vermouth scope; grapevine-product fraction; alcoholic-strength interval; permitted flavourings, sweeteners, alcohol, water, and additives
oiv-aromatised-wines-oeno-395-2011	Standard (standard)	OIV International Code of Oenological Practices, I.6.8 Aromatised wines (OENO 395-2011), https://www.oiv.int/standards/international-code-of-oenological-practices/part-i-definitions/products-derived-from-grapes%2C-grape-must-or-wine/aromatised-wines (retrieved 2026-08-20)	Independent official category definition, base-wine fraction, possible alcohol addition, sweetening, colouring, and alcoholic strength
abreu-et-al-2021-fortified-wines	Literature (literature)	Abreu, T. et al. (2021), The Flavor Chemistry of Fortified Wines—A Comprehensive Approach, Foods 10(6), 1239, https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10061239	Original full-text support for vermouth base wine, flavouring agents, blending, fortification, maturation, and common botanicals
monteiro-2022-wine-lca	Literature (literature)	Monteiro, A. (2022), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): Environmental impacts of wine, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, https://bibliotecadigital.ipb.pt/server/api/core/bitstreams/3307fbf9-03a8-4516-ae41-420196e046cd/content (retrieved 2026-08-20)	Original full-text process evidence for winery electricity, cleaning water, wastewater, bottling, packaging inputs, packaging formats, and solid waste outputs