Rice milk

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to liquid plant beverages manufactured principally from rice (Oryza species), including products made from whole or milled rice, broken rice, rice flour, or rice-derived syrup, when rice is the characterising cereal ingredient. It covers plain, sweetened, flavoured, and fortified variants produced as finished beverages. Product-specific formulation, rice form, total-solids or dry-matter content, heat-treatment route, storage regime, and packaging format shall be declared.

The foreground scope begins with receipt of rice or a declared rice-derived ingredient and other formulation materials at the beverage plant and ends with saleable rice milk in its primary packaging at the plant gate. Agricultural production, manufacture of purchased ingredients, utilities, packaging materials, and off-site waste treatment are represented by linked upstream datasets. Distribution, retail, consumer refrigeration, use, and packaging end-of-life are outside the foreground process but may be added in a downstream life-cycle model.

This PCR excludes animal-milk blends or lactose-containing beverages, infant formula, fermented rice drinks marketed as yoghurt or probiotic beverages, culinary rice gruels, rice syrup sold as an ingredient, and mixed plant beverages in which rice is not the characterising cereal ingredient.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.beverages.rice-milk
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 24424 Rice milk
covered_products	Finished liquid plant beverages manufactured principally from rice, including whole-rice, broken-rice, rice-flour, and rice-syrup routes; plain, sweetened, flavoured, or fortified variants
excluded_products	Animal-milk blends; lactose-containing beverages; infant formula; fermented rice yoghurt or probiotic beverages; rice gruel; ingredient rice syrup; mixed plant beverages not characterised by rice
representative_product	Marketable rice milk formulated as a stable liquid beverage
production_route	Rice receipt and preparation; milling or slurry preparation; optional gelatinisation and enzymatic starch conversion; filtration or separation; formulation and fortification; homogenisation; thermal treatment; filling, primary packaging, and declared storage conditioning
market_state	Finished packaged beverage at the manufacturing plant gate, declared as shelf-stable, ambient, chilled, or frozen as applicable

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Supply of a finished rice-derived plant beverage suitable for its declared food or beverage use
How much	1 kg of rice milk
How well	Saleable product meeting the producer's declared composition, food-safety, stability, and packaging release specifications
How long or cycle	One released production output at the plant gate; declared shelf life is reported as a qualifier and no consumer-use duration is modelled
reference_flow_link	The functional unit is realised by 1 kg net mass of conforming rice milk, excluding the mass of primary packaging

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Rice milk 9f4c117d-e8ff-488f-89f6-c2ab7ca763e1
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	rice ingredient form and origin; formulation and fortification; total-solids or dry-matter content; heat-treatment route; shelf-stable or chilled state; primary packaging format and net fill; production geography and reference period

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	Reference rice milk	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report net beverage mass excluding primary packaging; convert volume records with a measured or documented batch-specific density and retain the density, temperature, and source record.
ingredient_mass_basis	Rice, water, additives, enzymes, and other formulation inputs	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Record as-received mass and separately report concentration, moisture, or solids content where it affects formulation or comparability; do not silently convert dry matter to as-received mass.
energy_consistency	Electricity and thermal-energy records	Energy	kWh for electricity; MJ for fuels, steam, or heat	Preserve metered units and conversion factors; do not mix purchased energy with useful process heat without stating efficiency and calculation method.
packaging_separation	Primary and secondary packaging	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report each packaging material separately per 1 kg net beverage and do not include packaging mass in the reference product amount.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Rice or a declared rice-derived ingredient, water, formulation materials, utilities, and packaging are received at the beverage manufacturing site with quantity, supplier, geography, and upstream-dataset references; the rice ingredient form and solids or moisture basis are declared.
starting_condition_role	Entry condition for foreground gate-to-gate rice-milk manufacturing
product_classification_scope	CPC 3.0 code 24424, limited to rice-characterised non-animal liquid milk substitutes
recursive_input_rule	Rice milk used as an ingredient shall be represented as a separately referenced upstream product dataset and shall not recursively invoke this foreground manufacturing system.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link upstream datasets for rice or rice-derived ingredients, other food ingredients, enzymes and processing aids, water supply, electricity, fuels or heat, packaging materials, transport to plant when in scope, and waste or wastewater treatment.
disclosure	Declare rice ingredient form and origin, formulation, solids content, processing route, thermal treatment, production geography and period, packaging, storage state, excluded stages, allocation choices, and any missing upstream dataset.

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_foreground_gate	Foreground rice-milk production	Include all on-site material and energy use from receipt of rice ingredients through preparation, conversion, separation, formulation, homogenisation, thermal treatment, filling, and release of packaged product; conditionally include only the steps actually used and document omissions.	sahni-cereal-beverages-2023; tu-rice-milk-processing-2025
boundary_upstream_links	Purchased inputs and off-site services	Represent the production and delivery of purchased materials, energy, packaging, and treatment services with linked upstream datasets rather than recreating them inside the foreground process.	eu-pef-2021
boundary_downstream_disclosure	Distribution, retail, use, and end-of-life	Keep downstream stages outside this foreground dataset, disclose the exclusion, and add them explicitly when the dataset is used in a cradle-to-grave life-cycle model.	eu-pef-2021

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
rice_preparation	Rice ingredient receiving and preparation	required	Always; operations not used for pre-cleaned flour or syrup are recorded as not applicable	Foreground raw-material preparation	kg prepared rice ingredient transferred forward
slurry_conversion	Slurry preparation and starch conversion	required	Always; gelatinisation and enzyme use are conditional on the declared rice ingredient and recipe	Foreground extraction and conversion	kg converted rice slurry
separation_formulation	Separation, blending, and fortification	required	Always; physical separation is recorded as not applicable for routes without insoluble-residue removal	Foreground formulation	kg formulated beverage base
stabilisation_treatment	Homogenisation and thermal treatment	required	Always; record the actual homogenisation and pasteurisation, sterilisation, or UHT route	Foreground product stabilisation and food-safety treatment	kg treated rice milk
filling_storage	Filling, packaging, cooling, and plant storage	required	Always; cooling and refrigerated storage apply only to chilled products	Foreground finishing	kg saleable rice milk at plant gate

Process: Rice ingredient receiving and preparation (rice_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Rice ingredient (rice_input)

Record the actual rice, broken rice, rice flour, or rice syrup entering production, including supplier, origin, as-received mass, and solids or moisture basis.

• Selected flow: Rice or declared rice-derived ingredient
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured as-received mass consumed by released production
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg saleable rice milk
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_rice_preparation_batch
• Sources: sahni-cereal-beverages-2023
• Range: Provisional rice-input screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0.05
  • Upper: 0.30
  • Unit: kg/kg rice milk
  • Basis: broad initial estimate per 1 kg saleable rice milk; replace with formulation and batch records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared rice ingredient (prepared_rice)

Transfer the measured prepared rice, flour, syrup, or milled material to slurry preparation and retain any moisture or solids adjustment.

• Selected flow: Prepared rice ingredient
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass or calculated dry-matter-equivalent transfer
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared rice ingredient transferred
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_rice_preparation_batch
• Sources: sahni-cereal-beverages-2023

Waste flows

Rejected rice and cleaning residues (rice_preparation_rejects)

Record rejected grain, foreign material, dust, and other cleaning residues leaving the process, with destination and treatment route.

• Selected flow: Rice preparation residues
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured or reconciled reject mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg saleable rice milk
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_rice_preparation_batch
• Range: Provisional reject screening estimate
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.05
  • Unit: kg/kg rice milk
  • Basis: broad initial reject fraction per 1 kg saleable rice milk; replace with site records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Slurry preparation and starch conversion (slurry_conversion)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared rice ingredient (conversion_rice_input)

Record the prepared rice ingredient transferred from the preceding process.

• Selected flow: Prepared rice ingredient
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg converted slurry output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_slurry_conversion_batch
• Sources: sahni-cereal-beverages-2023

Process and formulation water (conversion_water)

Record water added for slurry formation, washing within this process, dilution, and enzyme reactions; keep cleaning-in-place water in its own utility record when separately metered.

• Selected flow: Process water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: metered or batch-recipe water consumed
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg saleable rice milk
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_slurry_conversion_batch
• Sources: sahni-cereal-beverages-2023; tu-rice-milk-processing-2025
• Range: Provisional water-input screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0.70
  • Upper: 1.50
  • Unit: kg/kg rice milk
  • Basis: broad initial formulation and process-water estimate per 1 kg saleable rice milk; replace with recipe and meter records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Processing enzymes (conversion_enzymes)

Record alpha-amylase, glucoamylase, or other enzymes when used, including commercial preparation mass, activity, and carrier concentration.

• Selected flow: Food-processing enzyme preparation
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured commercial enzyme preparation consumed
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg converted slurry output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_slurry_conversion_batch
• Sources: sahni-cereal-beverages-2023; tu-rice-milk-processing-2025

Conversion electricity (conversion_electricity)

Record electricity used for milling, pumping, agitation, and conversion equipment, allocated from submetered or documented equipment records.

• Selected flow: Electricity, supplied to rice-milk conversion
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: metered electricity or calculated equipment load multiplied by operating time
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg saleable rice milk
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_slurry_conversion_batch
• Range: Provisional electricity screening estimate
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.01
  • Upper: 1.00
  • Unit: kWh/kg rice milk
  • Basis: broad initial conversion-electricity estimate per 1 kg saleable rice milk; replace with metered data
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Conversion heat (conversion_heat)

Record fuel, steam, or purchased heat used for roasting when applied, gelatinisation, liquefaction, and saccharification temperature control.

• Selected flow: Process heat supplied to rice-milk conversion
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: metered heat or fuel use converted with documented net calorific value and efficiency
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg saleable rice milk
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_slurry_conversion_batch
• Sources: tu-rice-milk-processing-2025
• Range: Provisional process-heat screening estimate
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.10
  • Upper: 5.00
  • Unit: MJ/kg rice milk
  • Basis: broad initial thermal-energy estimate per 1 kg saleable rice milk; replace with metered fuel, steam, or heat records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Converted rice slurry (converted_slurry)

Record the mass and solids content of converted slurry transferred to separation and formulation.

• Selected flow: Converted rice slurry
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass with solids content
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg converted slurry output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_slurry_conversion_batch
• Sources: sahni-cereal-beverages-2023; tu-rice-milk-processing-2025

Waste flows

Conversion losses and cleaning wastewater (conversion_wastewater)

Record drained slurry, off-spec material, and wastewater from this process separately where meters or batch records permit; report treatment destination.

• Selected flow: Rice-processing wastewater and conversion losses
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured discharge mass or volume converted using measured density
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg saleable rice milk
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_slurry_conversion_batch
• Range: Provisional wastewater screening estimate
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1.00
  • Unit: kg/kg rice milk
  • Basis: broad initial process wastewater estimate per 1 kg saleable rice milk; replace with discharge records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Separation, blending, and fortification (separation_formulation)

Inputs

Product flows

Converted rice slurry (formulation_slurry_input)

Record converted slurry received from starch conversion.

• Selected flow: Converted rice slurry
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg formulated beverage base
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_formulation_batch

Formulation and fortification ingredients (formulation_ingredients)

Record vegetable oil, sweeteners, salt, flavours, stabilisers, emulsifiers, vitamins, minerals, and other recipe ingredients separately with commercial concentration and supplier data.

• Selected flow: Declared formulation ingredients
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured quantity of each commercial ingredient added
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg saleable rice milk
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_formulation_batch
• Sources: sahni-cereal-beverages-2023; tu-rice-milk-processing-2025

Outputs

Product flows

Formulated rice beverage base (formulated_base)

Record the mass, solids content, and formulation identifier of the beverage base sent to stabilisation and thermal treatment.

• Selected flow: Formulated rice beverage base
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg formulated beverage base
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_formulation_batch

Waste flows

Insoluble rice residue and filtration losses (separation_residue)

Record retained solids, filter losses, and their destination; distinguish marketable co-product from waste sent to treatment.

• Selected flow: Insoluble rice residue
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured wet mass with dry-matter content and destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg saleable rice milk
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_formulation_batch
• Sources: sahni-cereal-beverages-2023; tu-rice-milk-processing-2025
• Range: Provisional residue screening estimate
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.20
  • Unit: kg wet residue/kg rice milk
  • Basis: broad initial wet-residue estimate per 1 kg saleable rice milk; replace with measured residue mass and dry matter
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Homogenisation and thermal treatment (stabilisation_treatment)

Inputs

Product flows

Formulated rice beverage base (treatment_base_input)

Record the formulated base entering homogenisation and heat treatment.

• Selected flow: Formulated rice beverage base
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg treated rice milk
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_batch

Treatment electricity (treatment_electricity)

Record electricity for homogenisation, pumps, control systems, and thermal-treatment equipment.

• Selected flow: Electricity, supplied to product treatment
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: metered electricity or calculated equipment load multiplied by operating time
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg saleable rice milk
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_batch
• Sources: tu-rice-milk-processing-2025
• Range: Provisional treatment-electricity screening estimate
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.01
  • Upper: 0.50
  • Unit: kWh/kg rice milk
  • Basis: broad initial treatment-electricity estimate per 1 kg saleable rice milk; replace with metered data
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Treatment heat (treatment_heat)

Record steam, fuel, or purchased heat for pasteurisation, sterilisation, or UHT processing and retain time-temperature records.

• Selected flow: Process heat supplied to thermal treatment
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: metered heat or fuel use converted with documented net calorific value and efficiency
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg saleable rice milk
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_batch
• Sources: tu-rice-milk-processing-2025
• Range: Provisional treatment-heat screening estimate
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.10
  • Upper: 3.00
  • Unit: MJ/kg rice milk
  • Basis: broad initial thermal-treatment energy estimate per 1 kg saleable rice milk; replace with metered data
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Treated rice milk (treated_rice_milk)

Record treated product mass and actual homogenisation and heat-treatment parameters released to filling.

• Selected flow: Rice milk 9f4c117d-e8ff-488f-89f6-c2ab7ca763e1
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured conforming product transferred to filling
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg treated rice milk output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_batch
• Sources: tu-rice-milk-processing-2025

Waste flows

Off-spec treated product and cleaning wastewater (treatment_losses)

Record off-spec product, start-up or shutdown losses, and cleaning wastewater with destination.

• Selected flow: Treatment losses and wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured or reconciled loss mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg saleable rice milk
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_batch
• Range: Provisional treatment-loss screening estimate
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.10
  • Unit: kg/kg rice milk
  • Basis: broad initial combined loss estimate per 1 kg saleable rice milk; replace with site records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Filling, packaging, cooling, and plant storage (filling_storage)

Inputs

Product flows

Treated rice milk (filling_product_input)

Record treated rice milk entering the filling line.

• Selected flow: Rice milk 9f4c117d-e8ff-488f-89f6-c2ab7ca763e1
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg saleable rice milk output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_filling_storage_batch

Primary and secondary packaging (packaging_inputs)

Record each packaging material and component separately, including container, closure, label, sleeve, carton, and pallet share when within the declared boundary.

• Selected flow: Declared beverage packaging materials
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: issued packaging less documented returns and unused stock, reconciled to conforming filled units
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable rice milk
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_filling_storage_batch
• Sources: eu-pef-2021
• Range: Provisional packaging-mass screening estimate
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.01
  • Upper: 0.20
  • Unit: kg packaging/kg net rice milk
  • Basis: broad initial packaging estimate per 1 kg net saleable rice milk; replace with bill-of-material and fill-count records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Filling and storage electricity (filling_storage_electricity)

Record electricity for filling, sealing, conveyors, cooling, and on-site product storage during the declared residence time.

• Selected flow: Electricity, supplied to filling and storage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: metered electricity allocated to released production using operating time or mass throughput
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg saleable rice milk
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_filling_storage_batch
• Range: Provisional filling-and-storage electricity screening estimate
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.005
  • Upper: 0.50
  • Unit: kWh/kg rice milk
  • Basis: broad initial electricity estimate including declared on-site storage; replace with metered data
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Saleable packaged rice milk (reference_product_output)

This is the reference product output. Record net beverage mass separately from packaging mass and retain released fill-count and quality records.

• Selected flow: Rice milk 9f4c117d-e8ff-488f-89f6-c2ab7ca763e1
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg net mass of released rice milk
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Not applicable (not_applicable)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Collection protocol: cp_filling_storage_batch

Waste flows

Packaging scrap and off-spec filled product (filling_waste)

Record damaged packaging, line scrap, rejected filled units, and returned product separately by material and destination.

• Selected flow: Packaging and filled-product waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured scrap and rejected-product mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg saleable rice milk
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_filling_storage_batch
• Range: Provisional filling-waste screening estimate
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.10
  • Unit: kg/kg rice milk
  • Basis: broad initial combined filling-loss estimate per 1 kg saleable rice milk; replace with site records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid	Processes producing rice milk and another valuable output	Avoid allocation by separately metering or subdividing independently operated preparation, separation, utility, and packaging activities whenever technically feasible.	eu-pef-2021
allocation_physical_then_economic	Marketable rice solids, syrup, or other co-products	Where subdivision is not feasible, use a documented physical causal relationship when it represents how inputs and energy generate the co-products; otherwise use economic allocation based on representative prices and disclose quantities, prices, period, and sensitivity.	eu-pef-2021
allocation_waste_and_recycling	Residues, wastewater, packaging scrap, and recovered materials	Classify each output as co-product, recyclable material, or waste before assigning burdens. Include foreground collection and treatment burdens; apply avoided-burden or recycling credits only when the downstream model declares the method and prevents double counting.	eu-pef-2021

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_rice_preparation_batch	rice_preparation	rice input, prepared transfer, and rejects	receiving tickets; lot records; scales; moisture or solids tests	lot_id; rice_form; supplier; origin; input_kg; moisture_or_solids_percent; prepared_output_kg; reject_kg; reject_destination	Calibrated mass measurement reconciled by production lot	kg; percent	Each received and processed lot	Declared representative production period	All rice preparation serving the reported product	Sum mass by lot and normalize to conforming reference product; preserve dry-matter adjustments separately	Scale calibration; supplier specification; lot traceability; moisture or solids test
cp_slurry_conversion_batch	slurry_conversion	water, enzymes, energy, converted slurry, and losses	recipe; water meter; ingredient issue; electricity meter; fuel or steam meter; batch transfer and discharge records	batch_id; water_kg; enzyme_product_kg; enzyme_activity; electricity_kWh; heat_MJ; slurry_output_kg; slurry_solids_percent; loss_kg	Batch recipe and calibrated meters; equipment-load calculation only when submetering is unavailable	kg; kWh; MJ; percent	Each batch with utility totals reconciled at least monthly	Declared representative production period	All conversion equipment and shared utilities serving the reported product	Sum product-specific records; allocate shared utilities by documented operating time or mass throughput; normalize to conforming reference product	Meter calibration; recipe approval; equipment runtime; conversion factor record
cp_formulation_batch	separation_formulation	formulation ingredients, beverage base, and residues	formulation sheet; ingredient issue; transfer scale; filter or residue records	batch_id; ingredient_id; ingredient_kg; concentration; base_output_kg; solids_percent; residue_wet_kg; residue_dry_matter_percent; destination	Batch-level mass records and laboratory solids measurements	kg; percent	Each batch	Declared representative production period	All separation and blending lines serving the reported product	Sum by formulation and normalize to conforming reference product; retain each ingredient separately	Approved formulation; scale calibration; laboratory method; residue destination ticket
cp_treatment_batch	stabilisation_treatment	treatment energy, product transfer, and losses	homogeniser log; time-temperature record; meters; batch release; cleaning and loss record	batch_id; input_kg; output_kg; electricity_kWh; heat_MJ; homogenisation_parameter; treatment_temperature; holding_time; loss_kg	Automated production logs and calibrated meters reconciled to batch mass	kg; kWh; MJ; process parameter	Each batch; utilities reconciled at least monthly	Declared representative production period	All homogenisation and thermal-treatment equipment serving the reported product	Sum released batches and normalize energy and losses to conforming reference product	Calibrated sensors and meters; validated heat-treatment program; batch release record
cp_filling_storage_batch	filling_storage	packaged output, packaging, electricity, and filling waste	packaging bill of materials; issue and return records; fill counts; checkweigher; electricity meter; storage log; scrap record	sku; packaging_material; issued_kg; returned_kg; good_units; net_fill_kg; product_output_kg; electricity_kWh; storage_duration; scrap_kg	Inventory reconciliation, calibrated checkweigher, and metered energy	kg; kWh; hour or day	Each production run; energy and inventory reconciled at least monthly	Declared representative production period	Filling, cooling, and on-site storage serving the reported product	Calculate net beverage separately from packaging; normalize material and energy totals to released beverage mass	Packaging specification; mass-balance reconciliation; checkweigher calibration; release record

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_mass_normalisation	All mass inventory rows	normalized amount = eligible foreground mass / net mass of released conforming rice milk	input, output, residue, or waste mass; released rice-milk mass	kg per kg rice milk
calc_energy_normalisation	Electricity and thermal energy	normalized energy = product-attributed energy / net mass of released conforming rice milk; document any shared-utility allocation	metered energy; allocation driver; released rice-milk mass	kWh or MJ per kg rice milk	eu-pef-2021
calc_volume_to_mass	Volume-based beverage and water records	mass = measured volume multiplied by density measured or documented for the relevant material, temperature, and batch	volume; density; measurement temperature	kg
calc_packaging_intensity	Packaging inputs	packaging intensity = (issued packaging - documented returns - unused closing stock attributable to the run) / net released beverage mass	packaging inventory; fill counts; net fill; released beverage mass	kg packaging per kg rice milk
calc_mass_balance	Each process and linked production batch	mass-balance difference = total mass inputs - total product, co-product, waste, measured loss, and stock-change outputs; report both kg and percent of total input and investigate material unexplained differences	all mass inputs and outputs; opening and closing stock	mass-balance difference in kg and percent
calc_coproduct_allocation	Shared burdens requiring allocation	Apply the selected physical or economic allocation factor consistently to shared inputs and emissions; retain the unallocated inventory and factor derivation	unallocated inventory; co-product quantities; physical relation or representative prices	allocated inventory per kg rice milk	eu-pef-2021

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	Reference product	Use the specified Rice milk product-flow UUID and Mass property; declare all required qualifiers and confirm the product is rice-characterised and non-animal.	Tiangong identity readback; product specification; approved formulation
dq_measurement	Material and energy records	Use calibrated or verified measurement systems; retain original units, conversion factors, meter boundaries, and uncertainty or estimation method.	Calibration certificates; meter maps; calculation records; eu-pef-2021
dq_temporal	Foreground dataset	Cover the declared representative production period and include relevant seasonal, recipe, start-up, and operating modes, or disclose and justify exclusions.	Dated batch and utility records; production schedule; eu-pef-2021
dq_completeness	Process inventory	Account for every required process and every listed material, energy, product, residue, wastewater, and packaging role, or mark it not applicable with justification.	Completeness matrix; mass and energy reconciliation; waste records
dq_geography_technology	Foreground and upstream datasets	Match the actual plant geography, grid, fuel, rice source, treatment technology, packaging, and waste destinations; disclose proxy datasets and their limitations.	Site metadata; supplier records; dataset metadata; eu-pef-2021
dq_product_quality	Saleable rice milk	Link inventory totals only to batches released against the declared composition, solids, food-safety, stability, heat-treatment, fill, and storage specifications.	Approved specification; laboratory and release records; time-temperature log; tu-rice-milk-processing-2025

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_flow	Reference product and functional unit	Verify that 1 kg net rice milk uses product flow 9f4c117d-e8ff-488f-89f6-c2ab7ca763e1, Mass property 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, unit group 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66, and unit kg; reject packaging-inclusive reference mass.
validate_product_scope	Product identity	Confirm rice is the characterising cereal ingredient, the beverage is non-animal and lactose-free, and every required qualifier is present; reject excluded product types.	unsd-cpc-3-2025
validate_process_coverage	Foreground boundary	Confirm each required process has records or an explicit not-applicable statement for route-specific operations, and confirm upstream and downstream boundary treatment is disclosed.	eu-pef-2021; sahni-cereal-beverages-2023; tu-rice-milk-processing-2025
validate_inventory_provenance	Inventory rows	Confirm every foreground or calculated amount links to its stated collection protocol and source record; flag unlabelled defaults and any reasoned estimate used as final foreground data.
validate_mass_balance	Each process and production period	Require reported mass-balance difference in kg and percent, investigate unexplained differences judged material to the dataset, and retain corrective-action or acceptance evidence.
validate_allocation	Co-products, residues, and recycled materials	Confirm classification of each output, documented allocation hierarchy and factor, sensitivity where economic allocation is used, and no double-counted recycling or avoided-burden credit.	eu-pef-2021
validate_data_quality	Dataset release	Confirm calibration, temporal coverage, technology and geography match, completeness, product release, and proxy disclosures meet the declared data-quality requirements.	eu-pef-2021

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground production dataset for finished rice milk at the manufacturing plant gate
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Product and process modelling where rice-milk formulation, production route, geography, time period, packaging, and storage state match the declared dataset or are adjusted transparently
excluded_use	Direct product comparisons or public comparative claims without equivalent functional performance, system boundary, allocation, data quality, geography, time period, and packaging; modelling excluded product types; use of provisional reasoned estimates as verified site data
required_metadata	PCR id and version when published; product-flow UUID; formulation and fortification; rice ingredient form and origin; solids content; production route; heat treatment; site geography; reference period; packaging; storage state; allocation; upstream datasets; collection protocols
required_quality_disclosure	Data coverage and gaps; metering and calculation methods; mass-balance result; allocation factors; proxy datasets; reasoned estimates; excluded stages; product release evidence; uncertainty and limitations
update_trigger	Material change in rice source or form, formulation, solids content, conversion or heat-treatment technology, plant or energy supply, packaging, storage regime, co-product route, allocation basis, waste treatment, or representative production period

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-3-2025	Official guidance (official_guidance)	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification (CPC) Version 3.0 Explanatory Notes, 2025, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-11)	CPC 24424 classification identity and rice-milk product scope
eu-pef-2021	Official guidance (official_guidance)	European Commission, Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on the use of the Environmental Footprint methods to measure and communicate the life cycle environmental performance of products and organisations, 2021, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/oj/eng (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Life-cycle boundary linkage, purchased-input and packaging modelling, allocation hierarchy, data quality, and downstream disclosure
sahni-cereal-beverages-2023	Literature (literature)	Sahni et al., A comprehensive review on functional beverages from cereal grains—characterization of nutraceutical potential, processing technologies and product types, 2023, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10275771/ (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Commercial rice-milk process decomposition: milling, water addition, starch hydrolysis, filtering, fortification, and homogenisation
tu-rice-milk-processing-2025	Literature (literature)	Tu et al., Influence of homogenization and pasteurization on the physical characteristics, antioxidant properties, and microbial content of VD20 rice milk, Scientific Reports 15, 9683 (2025), DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-88436-z	Rice-milk batch process stages, mass-transfer points, homogenisation, thermal-treatment records, and product-quality evidence