Ostriches, emus and rheas

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers living ostriches, emus and rheas (Rhea spp.) at breeder, hatchery or rearing-farm producer handover. Although the abbreviated CPC label is “Ostriches and emus”, the official 02193 explanatory note includes rheas. Only living, unprocessed birds are covered; dead birds, meat, hides, oil, slaughter and downstream transport are excluded. Feathers, eggs, culled birds or usable manure are not automatic co-products; record them only at actual independent handover. Collect species-, stage- and extensive/semi-intensive/intensive-route evidence rather than applying universal feed or yield factors.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.live-animals-and-animal-products-excluding-meat.ostriches-and-emus
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 02193 (official scope includes rheas)
covered_products	Living ostriches, emus, rheas, chicks and older birds
excluded_products	Dead birds, meat, hides, oil, slaughter and post-sale services
representative_product	1 kg measured live ratite at actual producer handover
production_route	Managed breeder production with conditional egg collection, incubation and rearing. Extensive, semi-intensive and intensive modes differ in feed, grazing, housing and manure inventories and may coexist by phase; one lot has one final gate.
market_state	Alive, unprocessed, with species and life stage stated

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Living ostrich, emu or rhea at actual producer handover
How much	1 kg measured live mass; also report count and species/stage-specific kg per bird
How well	Alive and unprocessed; species, age/stage, health and accepted condition
How long or cycle	Declare breeder season, hatch batch or rearing cohort and shared-asset period
reference_flow_link	reference_product_handover

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Living ostriches, emus and rheas
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	Species; stage; count; live mass; actual gate; route; cohort; period; destination

Instantiate one foreground reference from the actual handed-over lot, with all required qualifiers. The category may cover alternative states and producer gates, but each package has one declared species/state/gate/grade stratum and one measured accepted reference-output denominator. Do not pool incompatible states or claim equal service from equal mass. Route-specific source rows and reference_handover describe the same physical boundary event; their linked internal transfer is not another sale or another physical operation.

The confirmed platform UUID applies only to the unprocessed live farm-gate card, not to the cross-gate reference or hatchery-gate chicks.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
live_mass	Reference and live transfer	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Weigh by species and stage and reconcile counts; do not use a universal count-to-mass factor.
egg_count	Egg handover	Count	egg	Reconcile laid, incubated, sold, rejected and closing eggs by batch.
period	Breeders and shared assets	Time	day or season	Index breeder, hatch, growth and asset service periods before attribution.
inventory_reference_normalization	all inventory rows	Actual flow property	exchange unit per reference flow	The inventory and collection aggregation fields below express final amounts per declared reference flow. Keep all raw collection records, original denominator qualifiers, route/period strata, unit conversions and allocation requirements. For each flow, first obtain its attributable amount in its own numerator unit using the existing rules; then divide by the measured accepted reference-output quantity of the same scope and multiply by the declared reference quantity. Do not mix species, states, gates or incompatible routes; count transfers and shared burdens once. A missing, zero or untraceable accepted-output denominator is a blocking data-quality issue. Keep provisional QA ranges on their explicitly stated bases; they are not conversion factors or production defaults. These are final foreground-package contributions, not replacements for stage quantitative references or stage-native unit-process datasets. Retain stage records separately. Compute normalized amount = attributable raw amount * declared reference quantity / measured accepted final reference-output quantity. Apply normalization exactly once.
stage_throughput_linkage	stage records and final package contributions	Actual flow property and its stated raw basis	retain native numerator and stage denominator units	Keep the original lot, event, cohort, period and stage denominators with their units. Reconstruct the attributable numerator A with measured stage quantity Q_stage and documented attribution before final normalization. If a quoted amount a_B corresponds to an explicit stage basis B_stage (for example, 1000 kg), use A = a_B * Q_stage / B_stage. If r_stage is already an intensity in exchange-unit per stage-unit, instead use A = r_stage * Q_stage, with no second division by B_stage. A raw attributable total is used directly. Final contribution = A * declared reference quantity / measured accepted final output. Convert compatible units explicitly and apply each attribution/allocation share exactly once; never treat a quoted amount or intensity as a raw total. Link stage transfers, losses, rejects, stocks, shared services and allocation to the same actual route, period and final-output stratum. For a 1000 kg basis retain 1000 kg explicitly. Do not assume unit yield, equal fresh/dried mass, equal head mass, equal dose quality or interchangeable gates. Missing links, unsupported unit conversion, zero denominators and untraceable allocation block dataset production. Stage-native datasets retain their own stage reference; package contributions are a separate projection.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Opening breeders, purchased eggs/chicks or young birds at first operated node; declare species, stage, count, mass and inherited burden
starting_condition_role	Foreground opening stock or upstream Product input, not automatically zero burden
product_classification_scope	CPC 3.0 02193 living ostriches, emus and rheas
recursive_input_rule	Connect purchased same-category live birds to one upstream dataset at the actual preceding gate; internal chick transfers are not a second final product.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Match purchased birds, eggs, feed, utilities and services by supplier, state, property and geography.
disclosure	Disclose species, breeding/hatch/rearing nodes, route shares, final gate, mortality and manure destinations and shared-asset periods.

Boundary Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
b_live	All routes	End at actual producer handover of living unprocessed ostrich, emu or rhea; exclude slaughter and later processing.	un-cpc-2025; fao-ostrich-farming
b_nodes	Breeding, hatch, growth	Include operated breeders, independent egg collection/incubation and rearing; separate accepted live birds, independent eggs, mortality and wastes.	fao-ostrich-systems; aus-ratite-industry
b_shared	Shared assets and periods	Assign fencing, incubators, water and handling equipment by recorded service periods and consuming nodes, once only.	fao-ostrich-systems
reference_handover_linkage	actual reference-product boundary	Record reference_handover as the same physical producer handover already represented by its source rows. It must not extend the gate or insert new processing, capture, storage, transport, service or capital burdens. For a unit-process projection, keep the actually operated stage references; the handover record may be a boundary interface in the resulting foreground package, not an invented standalone operation. Select one actual qualified route/output stratum; trace matching source and input as internal transfers and expose the accepted reference product once. If the source already ended at this gate, partition its existing handover responsibility without counting it again.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
breeder	Manage breeders and produce eggs	conditional	operated breeding flock	managed biological production	per kg final live bird
incubation	Collect eggs and hatch chicks	conditional	operated incubation or hatchery handover	independent capture and incubation	per kg final live bird
rearing	Grow living young ratites	conditional	grow-out after hatch or purchase	managed biological growth with route delta	per kg final live bird
handover	Handle and weigh living birds	conditional	final farm-gate lot; hatchery-only final lots end at incubation	independent live handling and handover	per kg final live bird
reference_handover	Actual producer reference-product handover	required	One actual declared route, state and producer gate per foreground package	Record the existing physical boundary handover once; linkage/accounting responsibility, not additional treatment or distribution	1 kg accepted product at the declared handover

Egg collection/incubation independently transfers the breeder's output to living chicks; final live handling is independent of growth. Hatchery chicks and farm-gate birds are mutually exclusive final gates per lot. Extensive, semi-intensive and intensive modes may coexist by phase, but feed, grazing, housing, utility and manure inventory deltas need evidence, not just route labels. Link breeder seasons, egg batches, growth cohorts, replacements, culls and shared-asset service periods.

Process: Manage breeders and produce eggs (breeder)

Inputs

Product flows

Breeding birds received (breeders)

Purchased breeding birds carry upstream burden; opening stock is a declared starting condition.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg final live-bird output

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: weigh purchased birds by species Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Live ostrich, emu or rhea breeders
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_birds
• Range: Provisional non-negative completeness screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg final live-bird output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Breeder drinking and cleaning water (breeder_water)

Separate drinking and cleaning water when metering permits; rainfall is not supplied water.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg final live-bird output

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: meter actual water by use where possible Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Supplied water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Range: Provisional non-negative completeness screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10000
  • Unit: kg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg final live-bird output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Fertile eggs collected for incubation (fertile_eggs)

Internal transfer to incubation is not a second final product.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg final live-bird output

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: count eggs transferred to hatchery Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Fertile ratite eggs
• Flow property / unit: Count / egg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_eggs
• Range: Provisional non-negative completeness screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10000
  • Unit: egg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg final live-bird output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Eggs sold independently (sold_eggs)

Only independently transferred eggs are co-products; record the buyer gate.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg final live-bird output

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: count eggs actually sold separately Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Saleable ratite eggs
• Flow property / unit: Count / egg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_eggs
• Range: Provisional non-negative completeness screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10000
  • Unit: egg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg final live-bird output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Living culled breeders sold independently (live_culls)

Count only living birds transferred independently, not carcasses.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg final live-bird output

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: weigh live culled birds at separate handover Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Living culled ratites
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_birds
• Range: Provisional non-negative completeness screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg final live-bird output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Ammonia to air from breeder manure (breeder_nh3_air)

Record breeder-manure nitrogen and actual management pathway; the flow UUID supplies identity, not a factor.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg final live-bird output

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: calculate from collected manure nitrogen and an applicable pathway-specific method Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Ammonia to air 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-a2a9-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Range: Provisional non-negative completeness screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg final live-bird output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Manure biogenic methane to air (review_breeder_manure_ch4)

Calculate actual atmospheric release by manure system, climate, residence time and volatile-solids activity. Reconcile captured, destroyed or oxidised methane; produced methane is not automatically emitted methane. Applies only to the operated breeder node; preserve its existing route and period conditions. A dataset must resolve actual activity, method applicability and an evidence-based range or physical bound for this pathway before treating the inventory as complete. Missing evidence is not zero or not_applicable. A verified substance/origin/compartment UUID is still required for a final bound exchange.

• Selected flow: Methane, biogenic, to air (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg CH4
• Amount rule: Calculate the pathway total for this node and period, apply the existing allocation and stage_throughput_linkage, then inventory_reference_normalization exactly once to the measured final accepted reference output.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_pathway_emissions
• Sources: ipcc-livestock-2019

Direct manure nitrous oxide to air (review_breeder_direct_n2o)

Use the actual manure-management nitrogen pathway. Keep storage/treatment distinct from field application and grazing deposition, which require a managed-soil method and an explicitly assigned inventory responsibility. Applies only to the operated breeder node; preserve its existing route and period conditions. A dataset must resolve actual activity, method applicability and an evidence-based range or physical bound for this pathway before treating the inventory as complete. Missing evidence is not zero or not_applicable. A verified substance/origin/compartment UUID is still required for a final bound exchange.

• Selected flow: Nitrous oxide to air (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg N2O
• Amount rule: Calculate the pathway total for this node and period, apply the existing allocation and stage_throughput_linkage, then inventory_reference_normalization exactly once to the measured final accepted reference output.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_pathway_emissions
• Sources: ipcc-livestock-2019

Indirect manure nitrogen-derived nitrous oxide to air (review_breeder_indirect_n2o)

Calculate attributable indirect N2O from documented manure N volatilisation/deposition and leaching/runoff pathways where applicable. Keep separate from direct N2O and reconcile any nitrogen-fate calculation already included downstream or in the chosen background/impact model. Applies only to the operated breeder node; preserve its existing route and period conditions. A dataset must resolve actual activity, method applicability and an evidence-based range or physical bound for this pathway before treating the inventory as complete. Missing evidence is not zero or not_applicable. A verified substance/origin/compartment UUID is still required for a final bound exchange.

• Selected flow: Nitrous oxide to air (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg N2O
• Amount rule: Calculate the pathway total for this node and period, apply the existing allocation and stage_throughput_linkage, then inventory_reference_normalization exactly once to the measured final accepted reference output.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_pathway_emissions
• Sources: ipcc-livestock-2019

Process: Collect eggs and hatch chicks (incubation)

Inputs

Product flows

Fertile eggs received for incubation (incubation_eggs)

Match these eggs to breeder or supplier records exactly once.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg final live-bird output

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: count by source and species; link once Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Fertile ratite eggs
• Flow property / unit: Count / egg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_eggs
• Range: Provisional non-negative completeness screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10000
  • Unit: egg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg final live-bird output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Electricity at the equipment supply point (incubation_energy_electricity)

Collection scope and applicability for incubation_energy. The following concrete identities have separate cards and apply only when use or generation is evidenced inside the original process scope. They are not mandatory inputs or a default recipe. Document non-use; missing records are not zero. Add a separate concrete card for any other actual material instead of substituting one of these names or UUIDs. Preserve attribution and boundaries and avoid double counting components included in outsourced services.

Include operated incubation, ventilation and lighting energy by actual batch. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg final live-bird output Raw quantity and calculation requirements: meter energy by batch and service period Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Confirm identity, grade, state and unit from equipment, supplier and contemporaneous measurements; the product UUID does not establish actual use or upstream-provider compatibility. Retain the electricity supply point, fuel grade, density and heating-value basis. Distinguish purchased heat from on-site fuel conversion without counting its input fuel again.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 455f0ef5-6118-4f2b-a3f5-1f75e0afe3ca
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_utilities and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Sources: fao-agricultural-energy

This binding is alternating current at the use point with supply technology, voltage and provider unspecified. Confirm actual AC supply; DC requires a different identity. The database reference is 1 MJ: preserve meter kWh and convert once using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ when linking reference quantities. Internal generation links to its foreground generator, without an additional purchased-electricity burden.

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Living chicks at hatchery gate (hatchery_chicks)

Hatchery-gate sale is a final product; onward rearing is an internal transfer, not both.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg final live-bird output

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: weigh and count accepted living chicks Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Producer-handover linkage: Only when selected as the actual terminal source for this route, this state/gate-specific row supplies the same accepted physical goods to reference_handover_input. In that case it is an internal handover record, not a second external reference sale; otherwise retain its original intermediate role. Retain its exact identity and original route condition. Choose the actual terminal source, not all successive transfers; match the same lot and compatible species/state/gate evidence. A narrower fixed gate or species is never broadened. The handover interface adds no processing, transport, yield assumption or repeated handling burden.

• Selected flow: Live ratite chicks (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_birds
• Range: Provisional non-negative completeness screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg final live-bird output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: Grow living young ratites (rearing)

Inputs

Product flows

Live young birds entering rearing (incoming_chicks)

Carry inherited breeder/hatchery or purchased burden into rearing once.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg final live-bird output

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: weigh and count inherited or purchased birds Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Living young ratites
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_birds
• Range: Provisional non-negative completeness screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg final live-bird output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Rearing drinking and cleaning water (rearing_water)

Record delivered water for the actual growth cohort and uses.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg final live-bird output

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: meter supplied water by cohort Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Supplied water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Range: Provisional non-negative completeness screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10000
  • Unit: kg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg final live-bird output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Electricity at the equipment supply point (rearing_energy_electricity)

Collection scope and applicability for rearing_energy. The following concrete identities have separate cards and apply only when use or generation is evidenced inside the original process scope. They are not mandatory inputs or a default recipe. Document non-use; missing records are not zero. Add a separate concrete card for any other actual material instead of substituting one of these names or UUIDs. Preserve attribution and boundaries and avoid double counting components included in outsourced services.

Include only powered housing and ventilation services actually operated. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg final live-bird output Raw quantity and calculation requirements: meter actual powered services Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Confirm identity, grade, state and unit from equipment, supplier and contemporaneous measurements; the product UUID does not establish actual use or upstream-provider compatibility. Retain the electricity supply point, fuel grade, density and heating-value basis. Distinguish purchased heat from on-site fuel conversion without counting its input fuel again.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 455f0ef5-6118-4f2b-a3f5-1f75e0afe3ca
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_utilities and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Sources: fao-agricultural-energy

This binding is alternating current at the use point with supply technology, voltage and provider unspecified. Confirm actual AC supply; DC requires a different identity. The database reference is 1 MJ: preserve meter kWh and convert once using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ when linking reference quantities. Internal generation links to its foreground generator, without an additional purchased-electricity burden.

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Living birds leaving rearing (grown_birds)

Transfer living birds to final handling once; this internal movement is not a second sale.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg final live-bird output

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: weigh living birds transferred to handover Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Producer-handover linkage: Only when selected as the actual terminal source for this route, this state/gate-specific row supplies the same accepted physical goods to reference_handover_input. In that case it is an internal handover record, not a second external reference sale; otherwise retain its original intermediate role. Retain its exact identity and original route condition. Choose the actual terminal source, not all successive transfers; match the same lot and compatible species/state/gate evidence. A narrower fixed gate or species is never broadened. The handover interface adds no processing, transport, yield assumption or repeated handling burden.

• Selected flow: Living ostriches, emus and rheas
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_birds
• Range: Provisional non-negative completeness screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg final live-bird output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Nitrous oxide to air from managed manure (manure_n2o_air)

The fixed UUID identifies nitrous oxide to air only; quantity needs species/pathway evidence.

Coverage of this single N2O card: use calc_manure_n2o_coverage to calculate direct and applicable indirect components separately for the represented node, then report only their non-overlapping molecular-N2O sum assigned to this card. Keep storage and managed-soil calculations distinct. Exclude components explicitly covered by a linked process, retain the coverage evidence, and do not duplicate them as both aggregate and component exchanges. Missing indirect-pathway evidence is not zero.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg final live-bird output

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: calculate from measured nitrogen and pathway-specific factor Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Nitrous oxide to air 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-94c3-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Range: Provisional non-negative completeness screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg final live-bird output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Coverage of this existing N2O card: retain separate direct-management and applicable indirect volatilisation/leaching calculations in cp_pathway_emissions, and sum only non-overlapping N2O releases assigned to this node. Do not hide an absent indirect-pathway estimate in a direct-only value. Convert raw N2O-N to kg N2O by 44/28 once.

Ammonia to air from rearing manure (rearing_nh3_air)

Calculate separately from the rearing manure nitrogen and actual management pathway; no universal ratite factor is assumed.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg final live-bird output

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: calculate from collected rearing-manure nitrogen and applicable pathway method Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Ammonia to air 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-a2a9-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Range: Provisional non-negative completeness screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg final live-bird output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Manure biogenic methane to air (review_rearing_manure_ch4)

Calculate actual atmospheric release by manure system, climate, residence time and volatile-solids activity. Reconcile captured, destroyed or oxidised methane; produced methane is not automatically emitted methane. Applies only to the operated rearing node; preserve its existing route and period conditions. A dataset must resolve actual activity, method applicability and an evidence-based range or physical bound for this pathway before treating the inventory as complete. Missing evidence is not zero or not_applicable. A verified substance/origin/compartment UUID is still required for a final bound exchange.

• Selected flow: Methane, biogenic, to air (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg CH4
• Amount rule: Calculate the pathway total for this node and period, apply the existing allocation and stage_throughput_linkage, then inventory_reference_normalization exactly once to the measured final accepted reference output.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_pathway_emissions
• Sources: ipcc-livestock-2019

Process: Handle and weigh living birds (handover)

Inputs

Product flows

Living birds entering final handling (birds_for_handover)

Reconcile accepted live arrivals from breeder or rearing nodes.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg final live-bird output

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: weigh birds received from breeding or rearing Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Living ostriches, emus and rheas
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_birds
• Range: Provisional non-negative completeness screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg final live-bird output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Unprocessed living ratites at farm gate (farm_gate_birds)

This fixed identity requires a producing farm gate, living unprocessed state and CPC 02193 scope.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg final live-bird output

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: weigh accepted living birds at producing farm gate Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

Producer-handover linkage: Only when selected as the actual terminal source for this route, this state/gate-specific row supplies the same accepted physical goods to reference_handover_input. In that case it is an internal handover record, not a second external reference sale; otherwise retain its original intermediate role. Retain its exact identity and original route condition. Choose the actual terminal source, not all successive transfers; match the same lot and compatible species/state/gate evidence. A narrower fixed gate or species is never broadened. The handover interface adds no processing, transport, yield assumption or repeated handling burden.

• Selected flow: Ostriches and emus 0473347d-8c43-410f-bce0-d5d7a7041de8
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_birds
• Range: Exact reference mass
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg final live-bird output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

Waste flows

Birds dying before acceptance (handover_mortality)

Birds dying before acceptance are waste, never part of the living reference output.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg final live-bird output

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: record dead birds before acceptance separately Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

• Selected flow: Dead birds
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Range: Provisional non-negative completeness screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg final live-bird output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Actual producer reference-product handover (reference_handover)

Instantiate one foreground reference from the actual handed-over lot, with all required qualifiers. The category may cover alternative states and producer gates, but each package has one declared species/state/gate/grade stratum and one measured accepted reference-output denominator. Do not pool incompatible states or claim equal service from equal mass. Route-specific source rows and reference_handover describe the same physical boundary event; their linked internal transfer is not another sale or another physical operation.

Inputs

Product flows

Living ostriches, emus and rheas for actual producer-handover linkage (reference_handover_input)

This input matches the accepted goods represented by hatchery_chicks, grown_birds, farm_gate_birds under their unchanged route conditions. It is an internal source-to-handover linkage, not a newly purchased same-category good and not extra production. The matching source and input cancel at the package boundary.

The actual route/state/gate is selected from foreground handover evidence; retain every required qualifier. Use the actual terminal source for the same accepted physical lot, not every successive stage transfer. Fixed source identities apply only to their exact species/state/gate; use an unbound compatible source role for other covered routes and resolve the actual foreground exchange before final dataset creation.

Selected source/interface rows: hatchery_chicks, grown_birds, farm_gate_birds

Required product-instance qualifiers: Species; stage; count; live mass; actual gate; route; cohort; period; destination

• Selected flow: Living ostriches, emus and rheas for actual producer-handover linkage

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Use measured accepted same-lot quantity reconciled to the linked source rows; normalize once to the declared reference flow.

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)

• Normalization basis: per reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_reference_handover

• Range: Exact identity-reconciliation check after normalization, not a production-yield default

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: Declared reference quantity; input and output are the same accepted physical goods under the same handover ledger
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Living ostriches, emus and rheas (reference_product_handover)

This is the actual accepted reference product at the declared producer boundary, measured under cp_reference_handover. It is the sole external reference output; instantiate its real identity from the lot, not a broad fixed UUID.

The actual route/state/gate is selected from foreground handover evidence; retain every required qualifier. Use the actual terminal source for the same accepted physical lot, not every successive stage transfer. Fixed source identities apply only to their exact species/state/gate; use an unbound compatible source role for other covered routes and resolve the actual foreground exchange before final dataset creation.

Selected source/interface rows: hatchery_chicks, grown_birds, farm_gate_birds

Required product-instance qualifiers: Species; stage; count; live mass; actual gate; route; cohort; period; destination

• Selected flow: Living ostriches, emus and rheas

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: 1 kg

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)

• Normalization basis: per reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_reference_handover

• Range: Exact identity-reconciliation check after normalization, not a production-yield default

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: Declared reference quantity; input and output are the same accepted physical goods under the same handover ledger
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
a_outputs	Eggs, chicks, living culls	First separate divisible processes; for genuinely joint independent outputs use measured output mass, with documented egg mass conversion, for residual burden and report economic sensitivity when values materially differ. Internal transfers are not final co-products.	fao-ostrich-systems
a_periods	Breeders and long-lived assets	Assign inputs, replacement, eggs and live outputs to actual breeder seasons; distribute shared assets by consuming node and measured service period without duplication.	fao-ostrich-farming; aus-ratite-industry
a_residue	Mortality, manure and feathers	Dead birds, discarded manure, failed eggs and incidental feathers get no invented co-product credit; usable manure or feathers qualify only at demonstrated independent product handover.	fao-ostrich-farming

Concrete cards do not inherit numerical ranges from the former aggregate card. Determine quantities from original records, stock/meter reconciliation and the declared reference flow; no default quantity or numeric screen is supplied without evidence matching the identity, unit, period and boundary. Missing range evidence is a quality disclosure, not zero use or proof of completeness.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Specific input identification before dataset completion

Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.

requirement_id	collection_protocol_id	Preserved collection scope
breeder_feed_specific_input	cp_feed	Operation breeder: Record species-specific ration and grazing share by breeder season. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg final live-bird output Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Use separate feed-supply, intake and loss ledgers under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. The quantity carrying feed-production burden includes in-boundary refusals, spoilage and uneaten feed; it is not reduced to animal intake. Retain source, species/cohort, phase and original mass/moisture basis. Calculate the final contribution with inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage exactly once. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using reconciled feed-supply records that retain in-boundary losses and their production burden.
rearing_feed_specific_input	cp_feed	Operation rearing: Differentiate extensive, semi-intensive and intensive feed/grazing evidence. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg final live-bird output Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Use separate feed-supply, intake and loss ledgers under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. The quantity carrying feed-production burden includes in-boundary refusals, spoilage and uneaten feed; it is not reduced to animal intake. Retain source, species/cohort, phase and original mass/moisture basis. Calculate the final contribution with inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage exactly once. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using reconciled feed-supply records that retain in-boundary losses and their production burden.

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_birds	breeder; incubation; rearing; handover	living bird movements	flock ledger	species; stage; heads; live kg; origin; final gate; dates	scale and movement log; Raw aggregation requirements: reconcile opening, purchased, hatched, sold, culled, dead, closing. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again.	bird; kg	each movement	all cohorts	all nodes	per reference flow	calibrated scale and transfer records; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
cp_feed	breeder; rearing	feed and grazing	store and pasture log	delivery; stock; loss; grazing days; species; stage ; unused returns/transfers; uneaten loss; actual intake; loss destination; moisture/DM	Feed input carrying upstream burden = opening stock + receipts - closing stock - documented unused returns or transfers out. Keep in-boundary spoilage and refusals in that input. Separately derive biological intake = that input - measured uneaten losses, with moisture/DM reconciliation; use intake, not purchased input, in animal metabolism calculations. Record each loss destination and include its treatment or manure contribution once. Preserve raw records and normalize attributed quantities to the accepted reference output once. breeder_feed_specific_input: Operation breeder: Record species-specific ration and grazing share by breeder season. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg final live-bird output Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Use separate feed-supply, intake and loss ledgers under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. The quantity carrying feed-production burden includes in-boundary refusals, spoilage and uneaten feed; it is not reduced to animal intake. Retain source, species/cohort, phase and original mass/moisture basis. Calculate the final contribution with inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage exactly once. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using reconciled feed-supply records that retain in-boundary losses and their production burden. Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default. rearing_feed_specific_input: Operation rearing: Differentiate extensive, semi-intensive and intensive feed/grazing evidence. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg final live-bird output Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Use separate feed-supply, intake and loss ledgers under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. The quantity carrying feed-production burden includes in-boundary refusals, spoilage and uneaten feed; it is not reduced to animal intake. Retain source, species/cohort, phase and original mass/moisture basis. Calculate the final contribution with inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage exactly once. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using reconciled feed-supply records that retain in-boundary losses and their production burden. Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.	kg	monthly	full cycle	all feed users	per reference flow	invoice and stock sheets; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
cp_eggs	breeder; incubation	egg disposition	egg ledger	laid; purchased; incubated; sold; rejected; closing; batch	nest and incubator log; Raw aggregation requirements: balance egg destinations. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again.	egg; kg	each batch	breeder season	all nests and incubators	per reference flow	batch records; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
cp_utilities	breeder; incubation; rearing	water and energy	meter log	water; power; fuel; service period; node	meter and invoice; Raw aggregation requirements: allocate measured use once. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again.	kg; kWh	monthly	full service period	all shared users	per reference flow	meter and invoices; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
cp_waste	breeder; incubation; rearing; handover	waste and emissions	disposal/manure log	dead kg; rejected egg kg; manure kg; N content; management pathway	weighing, disposal tickets and N analysis; Raw aggregation requirements: segregate product and waste; calculate pathway emission. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. breeder_losses_specific_output: Classify carcasses and discarded manure by distinct disposal destinations. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg final live-bird output Raw quantity and calculation requirements: record stream-specific disposal mass Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records. This is a mandatory output-identification requirement, not an aggregate exchange. Preserve every actual co-product, reject, packaging waste and treatment stream in this operation. Before dataset completeness create separate cards for physically distinct streams, with actual material/state, quantity, destination and Product/Waste role. A genuinely mixed waste stream may remain one physically defined mixture with measured composition; do not invent separation or count its components again. Keep unlike units separate, retain the original allocation and reference normalization, and reconcile the output balance. Identify actual functions before co-product allocation; waste does not acquire a co-product share merely by having mass. Confirm a compatible UUID or explicitly retain its unresolved identity. Missing records never establish zero or exclusion. failed_eggs_specific_output: Keep infertile, failed and dead-chick streams out of living output. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg final live-bird output Raw quantity and calculation requirements: weigh rejected streams by destination Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records. This is a mandatory output-identification requirement, not an aggregate exchange. Preserve every actual co-product, reject, packaging waste and treatment stream in this operation. Before dataset completeness create separate cards for physically distinct streams, with actual material/state, quantity, destination and Product/Waste role. A genuinely mixed waste stream may remain one physically defined mixture with measured composition; do not invent separation or count its components again. Keep unlike units separate, retain the original allocation and reference normalization, and reconcile the output balance. Identify actual functions before co-product allocation; waste does not acquire a co-product share merely by having mass. Confirm a compatible UUID or explicitly retain its unresolved identity. Missing records never establish zero or exclusion. rearing_losses_specific_output: Keep mortalities and discarded manure separate from usable transferred products. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg final live-bird output Raw quantity and calculation requirements: record disposal by stream and destination Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records. This is a mandatory output-identification requirement, not an aggregate exchange. Preserve every actual co-product, reject, packaging waste and treatment stream in this operation. Before dataset completeness create separate cards for physically distinct streams, with actual material/state, quantity, destination and Product/Waste role. A genuinely mixed waste stream may remain one physically defined mixture with measured composition; do not invent separation or count its components again. Keep unlike units separate, retain the original allocation and reference normalization, and reconcile the output balance. Identify actual functions before co-product allocation; waste does not acquire a co-product share merely by having mass. Confirm a compatible UUID or explicitly retain its unresolved identity. Missing records never establish zero or exclusion.	kg	batch or month	whole cohort	all nodes	per reference flow	tickets and analysis; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
cp_reference_handover	reference_handover	accepted product and matched internal source transfer	producer handover ledger	lot_id, species, state, grade, route_id, gate, period, accepted_quantity, native_unit, source_row_id, source_lot_id, allocation_link	Measure accepted net product at the same actual gate; reconcile the listed state/gate-specific source rows and the linked input with this single physical output. Keep rejects, stock changes and other sales separate. No additional handling or transport is imputed.	kg; native source quantities	each actual handover	matched source and handover periods	declared producer gate only	per reference flow	traceable acceptance record, same-lot source-to-output ledger, calibrated quantity method and normalization worksheet
cp_pathway_emissions	breeder; rearing	pathway-specific gases and manure N/C	herd, feed, manure, field and method ledger	species/class; animal-days; intake/DM/digestibility; volatile solids; manure N/TAN; system shares; climate; storage time; fertiliser N; grazing; volatilisation/leaching; methane recovery; factor source/unit; final accepted output ; collected manure wet mass; dry matter; destination	collect primary activity by node and period, document parameter applicability, retain each pathway worksheet and any linked treatment/pasture dataset Retain raw totals and normalize attributed quantities once to the measured accepted final reference output.	animal-day; kg DM; kg VS; kg N; kg CH4; kg N2O; kg NH3	each operating period and management change	complete represented cohort and service period	actual operated nodes only	per reference flow	meter/analysis records, nitrogen cascade, method and factor evidence, no-duplication ledger
cp_feed_supply_and_intake	breeder; rearing	Feed supply, intake and loss	stock, receipt, issue and loss ledger	feed identity/source; cohort/phase; period; opening/closing stock; receipts; on-site provision; unused returns/transfers; uneaten/spoiled mass and destination; as-fed/DM; actual intake; burden owner; accepted final output	Reconcile matched stock, scales, ration/forage estimates and disposal records under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. Keep raw totals and stage denominators; assign production and treatment burden once, then normalize to accepted final output.	kg as-fed; kg DM	each issue and period close	complete represented cohort/period	actual operated feeding nodes	per reference flow	stock and supplier records; moisture evidence; loss and no-duplication reconciliation
cp_manure_n2o_coverage	breeder; rearing	Direct and indirect manure/soil N2O coverage	pathway N ledger and method worksheet	species/class; period; excreted N; stage stocks/transfers; system shares; volatilised NH3-N/NOx-N; leached/runoff N; application/grazing N; factor source, unit and applicability; direct/indirect components; receiving medium; linked process and assigned card; accepted final output	Retain raw stage N and component calculations under calc_manure_n2o_coverage, matched to actual operation and existing manure protocols. Document unsupported or inapplicable paths and coverage boundaries; normalize attributable N2O once.	kg N; kg N2O	each reporting period and management change	complete represented management period	actual operated and explicitly linked nodes	per reference flow	N balance, factor unit/applicability, component-to-card and no-duplication worksheet

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
c_mass	Final live birds	Sum measured accepted living mass at one actual final gate; divide inventories by those kg.	cp_birds	kg	un-cpc-2025
c_balance	Egg and bird cohorts	Eggs: opening+laid+purchased=incubated+sold+rejected+closing; birds: opening+hatched+purchased=sold+culled+dead+closing.	cp_birds; cp_eggs	balanced counts	fao-ostrich-systems
c_air	Manure N2O	Calculate from collected manure N and a sourced species- and pathway-applicable method; the UUID is not an emission factor. IPCC ostrich data must not be silently generalized to emus or rheas.	cp_waste	kg N2O	ipcc-livestock-2019
c_nh3	Manure NH3	Calculate separately from collected manure N only after an applicable species- and pathway-specific method is identified and disclosed; absent that method, keep the amount unresolved rather than substitute an ostrich default.	cp_waste	kg NH3
calc_feed_input_and_intake	Feed supply and biological intake	Feed input carrying upstream burden = opening stock + receipts - closing stock - documented unused returns or transfers out. Keep in-boundary spoilage and refusals in that input. Separately derive biological intake = that input - measured uneaten losses, with moisture/DM reconciliation; use intake, not purchased input, in animal metabolism calculations. Record each loss destination and include its treatment or manure contribution once.	cp_feed	separate kg feed input, intake and loss by cohort	review-fao-pig-lca-2018
calc_pathway_emissions	breeder; rearing	Use species- and management-compatible methods and retain disaggregated pathway totals. Convert N2O-N to N2O by 44/28 and NH3-N to NH3 by 17/14 exactly once; already molecular masses are not reconverted. Check methane against the documented available-carbon/methane-potential balance and nitrogen losses against each stage's available N. Indirect formation from previously volatilised N is a downstream transformation, not a second source-stage N loss. Attribute and normalize once; do not duplicate linked treatment or fate-model emissions. Use matched raw-period quantities before allocation for physical screens: CH4 mass × 12/16 must not exceed the carbon available to the represented pathway; source-stage NH3 mass × 14/17 plus direct N2O mass × 28/44 and other source N losses must not exceed that stage's available N, after accounting for stocks and transfers. Bound each indirect N2O-N calculation by its documented volatilised or leached N precursor, not by subtracting that downstream transformation again from the source ledger. These are conservation checks, not emission factors or an empirical per-product range.	cp_pathway_emissions	kg named compound per final reference flow	ipcc-livestock-2019; review-eea-manure-2023; review-ipcc-soils-2019
calc_feed_supply_and_intake	breeder_feed; rearing_feed	Feed supply used by the represented operation = opening feed stock + receipts + on-site feed entering the operation - closing feed stock - documented unused returns or transfers out. Retain in-boundary spoilage, refusals and discarded leftovers in that supply. Actual intake = that supply - measured uneaten/discarded losses, after matching moisture/DM and period; use intake only for nutrition/metabolism. Opening stock retains its prior burden and is not another purchase. Trace any unused return or transfer and its burden destination; no automatic substitution credit. Attribute production once, through either the purchased-feed dataset or the represented on-site crop/collection node, never both for the same feed. Include actual waste treatment and manure contributions once, not as a second feed-production burden.	cp_feed_supply_and_intake	separate feed supply, intake and loss quantities, in matched as-fed/DM units	review-fao-pig-lca-2018
calc_manure_n2o_coverage	review_breeder_direct_n2o; review_breeder_indirect_n2o; manure_n2o_air	For each actual manure stage, calculate direct N2O, volatilisation/deposition-derived indirect N2O, and applicable leaching/runoff-derived indirect N2O separately with documented species/system activity and factor basis. Convert N2O-N to molecular N2O by 44/28 once; do not reconvert molecular masses. Retain component worksheets. Where an existing N2O card covers both direct and indirect emissions, report their non-overlapping sum; where separate direct/indirect cards exist, assign each component once to its matching card and never also report the sum. Pasture deposition and land application use the managed-soil method, not a manure-storage factor. Assign foreground versus linked treatment/pasture coverage explicitly; a manure export does not erase earlier emissions, and already covered downstream emissions are not repeated. Account for stock, transfers and previous N losses in the nitrogen cascade; indirect N2O is a downstream transformation of its precursor, not a second source-stage N loss. Normalize attributed molecular masses once to the accepted reference output. Document inapplicability; absent pathway data are not zero.	cp_manure_n2o_coverage	kg molecular N2O by pathway and assigned existing card	ipcc-livestock-2019; review-ipcc-soils-2019
chemical_species_mass_accounting	elementary_nutrient_emissions	Final elementary exchanges use the mass of the identified substance and one actual receiving compartment. Keep nutrient/activity ledgers separate: species-specific N2O-N × 44/28 gives N2O, NH3-N × 17/14 gives NH3, nitrate-N × 62/14 gives nitrate, and phosphate-P × 95/31 gives phosphate. If the selected flow is elemental phosphorus instead, report kg P and convert phosphate mass by 31/95 only when that species basis is evidenced. Apply a conversion exactly once only when the method output is on the elemental basis; measured compound mass is not reconverted. Total nutrient losses cannot be assigned to a single species without a supported split, and residual/retained soil nutrient is not an emission. Keep direct/indirect pathway ledgers and avoid repeating a pathway already included in the chosen method or upstream inventory. Factor uncertainty ranges screen factors on their stated basis, not final compound amounts or admissible site emissions. Normalize the attributable compound mass once using the accepted reference quantity and the matched measured output. Unknown activity, identity or compartment remains an evidence gap and blocks a completeness claim.	cp_waste; cp_pathway_emissions; species-specific activity ledger, method pathway and factor basis, matched accepted output	Identity-specific exchanges and reconciled activity records

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	Every lot	Record species, stage, count, live mass, actual gate and time; hatchery gate cannot stand for farm gate.	cp_birds
dq_route	Production modes	Keep separate feed, grazing, housing, utilities, mortality and manure evidence; no universal ratite yield.	cp_feed; cp_utilities; cp_waste
dq_allocation	Multiple outputs, periods, assets	Retain independent handover, service-period and consuming-node evidence; prohibit double burden.	cp_birds; cp_eggs; cp_utilities

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
v_identity	Reference lot	Fail for dead/non-ostrich-emu-rhea birds, missing mass/count/gate, or hatchery gate using farm-gate UUID.	un-cpc-2025
v_balance	Egg and bird cohorts	Reconcile egg/bird balances by species and stage, internal transfers and death destinations; only one final gate.	fao-ostrich-systems
v_route	Alternative modes	Verify managed biological parent and current inventory-delta evidence for extensive, semi-intensive and intensive modes.	fao-ostrich-systems; aus-ratite-industry
v_alloc	Outputs, periods, assets	Verify actual handovers, allocation method, breeder seasons and shared service periods; no double attribution of eggs, chicks, culls or assets.	fao-ostrich-farming
v_range	All inventory cards	Provisional QA ranges are non-negative completeness screens, not factors or substitutes for observation.
v_feed_loss_burden	Feed balances	Reject a feed-input inventory that subtracts in-boundary wastage without retaining its upstream burden. Match intake, losses, stocks and unused returns, and document the loss treatment; no automatic co-product credit.	review-fao-pig-lca-2018
v_pathway_emission_coverage	breeder; rearing	Require a pathway coverage ledger for enteric CH4 where biologically applicable, manure CH4, direct/indirect N2O, NH3 and relevant field emissions. Every pathway needs a measured/calculated value, a named linked process with matching coverage, or supported inapplicability; absent data cannot become zero. Keep wild life before capture outside managed husbandry, assess actual managed holding separately, and retain species-specific evidence.	ipcc-livestock-2019; review-ipcc-soils-2019; review-eea-manure-2023
v_foreground_emission_responsibility	Actual operated nodes and linked services	Record responsibility for on-site fuel combustion and refrigerant leakage when applicable: either quantified foreground emissions or a named linked process explicitly covering them, never merely a fuel-supply or electricity-production input. Assess special-taxon biological and residue emissions using species/route evidence, without a generic livestock factor. Identify any unresolved pathway and withhold a completeness claim; document supported absence and prevent duplicate upstream/downstream accounting.
v_feed_supply_intake_separation	All feed inputs	Reject an upstream feed inventory reduced by in-boundary refusal, spoilage or discarded leftovers without retaining their production burden. Reconcile supply, intake, stock, transfers and loss destinations under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. Do not reuse intake as supplied feed, assume zero-burden on-site feed or grant automatic avoided-product credits.	review-fao-pig-lca-2018
v_manure_n2o_coverage	Applicable manure and managed-soil N pathways	Require explicit direct and indirect pathway coverage, stage N balances and molecular-mass conversion. Map each component to an existing N2O card or an explicitly covering linked process once under calc_manure_n2o_coverage. Missing indirect-pathway evidence prevents a completeness claim; no default zero or duplicate aggregate-plus-components.	ipcc-livestock-2019; review-ipcc-soils-2019

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Living ratite foreground package
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Producer live-ratite dataset with stated species, stage, route and actual gate
excluded_use	Slaughter, meat, hide/oil, universal factors, unsupported hatchery-to-farm substitution
required_metadata	Species, count, live mass, stage, route, origin, gate, periods, output destinations
required_quality_disclosure	Egg/bird balances, measurement coverage, mortality, manure pathway, allocation and unbound identities
update_trigger	Material change in species boundary, route, gate, UUID or factor evidence

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-2025	official_guidance	https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf	CPC identity including rheas
fao-ostrich-farming	literature	https://www.fao.org/4/v6200t/v6200t02.htm	Breeding, eggs and independent products
fao-ostrich-systems	literature	https://www.fao.org/4/x2370e/x2370e.pdf	Route topology, hatch, growth and rhea comparison
aus-ratite-industry	official_guidance	https://www.agriculture.gov.au/sites/default/files/sitecollectiondocuments/animal-plant/animal-health/livestock-movement/structure-poultry-ratite-ind.pdf	Emu and ratite industry
ipcc-livestock-2019	method_factor	https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch10_Livestock.pdf	Pathway-specific manure method, not universal factor
review-fao-pig-lca-2018	official_guidance	FAO 2018, Environmental performance of pig supply chains: Guidelines for assessment, section 11.2.2 and Appendix 2.13	Feed-loss accounting and general LCA allocation hierarchy; extension to other taxa or reproductive products is this PCR's explicit methodological choice, not a pig parameter transfer
review-ipcc-soils-2019	official_guidance	IPCC 2019 Refinement, Volume 4, Chapter 11: N2O Emissions from Managed Soils	Managed-soil direct and indirect nitrogen pathways and boundary reconciliation
review-eea-manure-2023	official_guidance	EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Guidebook 2023, 3.B Manure Management	NH3 nitrogen-flow method; verify actual species, management and geographical applicability before adopting parameters
fao-agricultural-energy	official_guidance	FAO Energy demand and consumption in African agriculture, Annex C case-study results, https://www.fao.org/4/v9766e/v9766e08.htm	conditional concrete identities and method context; does not establish site use or quantities