Other bovine animals, live

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers a living, species-qualified member of Bovinae that remains outside the separately named cattle (Bos) and buffalo/bison (Bubalus, Syncerus, Bison) categories, and is accepted into the residual bovine class only after a documented classification decision. Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) is a conditional example: ITIS places it in Bovinae, while the UN does not expressly list it under CPC 02119 and also mentions antelopes under residual ruminants 02129. A concrete lot must document the taxon, CPC/HS reasoning, legal source, condition and actual live handover; it must not be counted in both 02119 and 02129. Taxonomy or a movement rule alone is not a permit. Exclude dead animals, meat, hides, research capture followed by release, and buyer transport after the declared gate.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.live-animals-and-animal-products-excluding-meat.other-bovine-animals
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 02119, subject to species-level residual decision
covered_products	Living residual Bovinae with proven source and a real producer or authorized capture handover; nilgai only when the residual classification argument is accepted
excluded_products	Bos cattle including yak/gaur/gayal/banteng; Bubalus/Syncerus/Bison buffalo/bison; animals assigned to 02129; dead animals and post-gate goods
representative_product	1 kg measured live mass of one eligible declared species at one actual gate
production_route	Documented managed breeding/rearing, or separately authorized capture and live transfer; never both as source history for one lot
market_state	Alive, unprocessed, identified by species/class, condition and lawful source

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Living residual bovine of one declared species and source route
How much	1 kg measured live body mass plus head count and individual or lot mass record
How well	Species/taxon, age/sex class, viability, health, ownership/custody and legal source verified
How long or cycle	Actual cohort and service periods for managed stock, or actual authorized capture campaign
reference_flow_link	live_output

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Species-, source- and gate-qualified living other bovine
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Mass unit group 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	scientific species and Bovinae evidence; 02119-versus-02129 decision; jurisdiction and authorization; managed/capture route; head count; sex/age class; measured mass; live condition; cohort/campaign; actual gate

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
m_live_mass	Every live transfer and reference	Mass	kg	Record measured live mass and count at each real handover; never use a universal kg/head factor.
m_period	Cohorts, capture and shared assets	Time	declared day or period	Link actual inputs, mortality, movements and output to unique cohort/campaign and service periods.
m_balance	Live-animal ledger	Count and Mass	head and kg	Reconcile opening/purchased animals, births or captures, deaths, live transfers and closing stock without double counting.
inventory_reference_normalization	all inventory rows	Actual flow property	exchange unit per reference flow	The inventory and collection aggregation fields below express final amounts per declared reference flow. Keep all raw collection records, original denominator qualifiers, route/period strata, unit conversions and allocation requirements. For each flow, first obtain its attributable amount in its own numerator unit using the existing rules; then divide by the measured accepted reference-output quantity of the same scope and multiply by the declared reference quantity. Do not mix species, states, gates or incompatible routes; count transfers and shared burdens once. A missing, zero or untraceable accepted-output denominator is a blocking data-quality issue. Keep provisional QA ranges on their explicitly stated bases; they are not conversion factors or production defaults. Compute normalized amount = attributable amount * declared reference quantity / measured accepted reference-output quantity. Apply normalization once only; never divide an already normalized value again.
stage_throughput_linkage	stage records and final package contributions	Actual flow property and its stated raw basis	retain native numerator and stage denominator units	Keep the original lot, event, cohort, period and stage denominators with their units. Reconstruct the attributable numerator A with measured stage quantity Q_stage and documented attribution before final normalization. If a quoted amount a_B corresponds to an explicit stage basis B_stage (for example, 1000 kg), use A = a_B * Q_stage / B_stage. If r_stage is already an intensity in exchange-unit per stage-unit, instead use A = r_stage * Q_stage, with no second division by B_stage. A raw attributable total is used directly. Final contribution = A * declared reference quantity / measured accepted final output. Convert compatible units explicitly and apply each attribution/allocation share exactly once; never treat a quoted amount or intensity as a raw total. Link stage transfers, losses, rejects, stocks, shared services and allocation to the same actual route, period and final-output stratum. For a 1000 kg basis retain 1000 kg explicitly. Do not assume unit yield, equal fresh/dried mass, equal head mass, equal dose quality or interchangeable gates. Missing links, unsupported unit conversion, zero denominators and untraceable allocation block dataset production. Stage-native datasets retain their own stage reference; package contributions are a separate projection.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Managed route: documented opening herd or purchased breeding/young stock with prior burden. Capture route: specific authorized free-ranging source and campaign, without fictional lifetime husbandry.
starting_condition_role	Managed biological stock or lawful capture context; purchased animals are Product inputs with upstream burden.
product_classification_scope	Species-qualified live residual Bovinae after exclusions and explicit resolution of nilgai/other antelope overlap with 02129.
recursive_input_rule	Link purchased same-category live animals once to their preceding-gate dataset; internal live transfers are not another final product.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Match purchased stock, feed, supplied water, energy and services to supplier, material identity, geography, unit and gate; retain source/custody and movement permissions.
disclosure	Taxon and CPC decision, legal source, route, cohort/campaign, measured count/mass, losses, service periods, actual handover and unresolved identities.

Boundary Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
b_class	Every lot	Establish Bovinae membership and exclusion from named cattle/buffalo genera; document why an antelope-labelled species is not assigned to 02129. A nilgai example is an inference, not explicit UN placement.	un-cpc3-2025; itis-nilgai; un-cpc21-2015
b_managed	Managed source	Record real breeding/rearing, purchased-stock burden, husbandry and herd-period changes through the live transfer to gate.	fws-nilgai-zoo-2019
b_capture	Authorized capture source	A separate capture node requires actual legal authority, campaign, viable captured animals and destination handover; research tagging followed by release is outside the marketed reference.	usda-nilgai-capture-2023; tahc-exotics-movement
b_gate	Both routes	Stop at one real live source handover; exclude slaughter, carcass products and downstream buyer transport.	un-cpc3-2025; nandankanan-nilgai-exchange; tahc-exotics-movement
b_shared	Facilities and equipment	Assign shared enclosure, water or handling service only to actual consuming nodes and periods, once.	fws-nilgai-zoo-2019

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
managed	Breed and rear eligible residual bovines	conditional	Documented managed stock and actual husbandry	Biological production and live stock handoff	per kg accepted live output
capture	Independently capture and briefly hold eligible residual bovines	conditional	Actual authorized campaign with live transfer; exclusive of managed source	Capture, welfare and loss handoff	per kg accepted live output
gate	Select, weigh and hand over living bovines	required	One actual producer/capture source gate	Live acceptance and reference output	per kg accepted live output

Managed breeding is evidenced by captive nilgai births; capture is independently evidenced for nilgai research, but a research capture-and-release is not a product route. The capture process below is available only for an authorized actual live transfer. Each lot uses one source route. Unperformed inputs are zero only with documented non-use. A separate independently transferred by-product is not presumed; if one exists, identify its own flow and attribution before instantiating a dataset. Mortalities and manure are not live product.

Process: Breed and rear eligible residual bovines (managed)

Inputs

Product flows

Purchased living breeding or young stock (managed_stock)

Carry supplier burden and record opening stock separately from new purchases.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted live output

• Selected flow: Species-qualified living other-bovine stock; UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh purchased and opening animals by class and entry event.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_animals
• Range: Provisional non-negative stock screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100000
  • Unit: kg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg accepted live output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Supplied drinking and husbandry water (managed_water)

Record metered or allocated supplied water, not rainfall.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted live output

• Selected flow: Actual supplied water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Meter or reconcile delivery to actual animals and facility period.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inputs
• Range: Provisional non-negative supplied-water screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100000
  • Unit: kg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg accepted live output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Electricity at the equipment supply point (managed_energy_electricity)

Collection scope and applicability for managed_energy. The following concrete identities have separate cards and apply only when use or generation is evidenced inside the original process scope. They are not mandatory inputs or a default recipe. Document non-use; missing records are not zero. Add a separate concrete card for any other actual material instead of substituting one of these names or UUIDs. Preserve attribution and boundaries and avoid double counting components included in outsourced services.

Record actual electricity or fuel for enclosure, water and handling; allocate shared services by period. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted live output

Confirm identity, grade, state and unit from equipment, supplier and contemporaneous measurements; the product UUID does not establish actual use or upstream-provider compatibility. Retain the electricity supply point, fuel grade, density and heating-value basis. Distinguish purchased heat from on-site fuel conversion without counting its input fuel again.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 455f0ef5-6118-4f2b-a3f5-1f75e0afe3ca
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_inputs and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inputs
• Sources: fao-agricultural-energy

This binding is alternating current at the use point with supply technology, voltage and provider unspecified. Confirm actual AC supply; DC requires a different identity. The database reference is 1 MJ: preserve meter kWh and convert once using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ when linking reference quantities. Internal generation links to its foreground generator, without an additional purchased-electricity burden.

Diesel fuel supplied to equipment (managed_energy_diesel)

Confirm identity, grade, state and unit from equipment, supplier and contemporaneous measurements; the product UUID does not establish actual use or upstream-provider compatibility. Retain the electricity supply point, fuel grade, density and heating-value basis. Distinguish purchased heat from on-site fuel conversion without counting its input fuel again.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_inputs and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inputs
• Sources: fao-agricultural-energy

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Living managed animals to acceptance (managed_live)

Internal transfer of viable animals, not a second sale.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted live output

• Selected flow: Species-qualified living other bovine at managed-source exit; UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh and count transferred live animals by class and period.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_animals
• Range: Provisional live-transfer reconciliation screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100000
  • Unit: kg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg accepted live output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Managed-stock mortality carcasses (managed_deaths)

Dead animals are tracked by cause and lawful disposal destination, not counted as live output.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted live output

• Selected flow: Actual dead residual-bovine carcass at disposal gate; UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measure dead mass and count by cohort, event and destination.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_losses
• Range: Provisional non-negative mortality screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100000
  • Unit: kg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg accepted live output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Discarded manure from managed stock (managed_manure)

Only manure crossing as waste belongs here; separately sold manure, if any, needs its own evidenced Product row.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted live output

• Selected flow: Actual discarded manure by destination; UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh or reconcile collected discarded manure, excluding pasture deposition.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_losses
• Range: Provisional non-negative manure screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100000
  • Unit: kg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg accepted live output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Enteric biogenic methane to air (review_managed_enteric_ch4)

Only for an applicable digestive pathway of the actual managed species and class; derive emissions from documented animal activity/intake and a justified method. Do not substitute a cattle factor for an uncharacterised species. Applies only to the operated managed node; preserve its existing route and period conditions. A dataset must resolve actual activity, method applicability and an evidence-based range or physical bound for this pathway before treating the inventory as complete. Missing evidence is not zero or not_applicable. A verified substance/origin/compartment UUID is still required for a final bound exchange.

• Selected flow: Methane, biogenic, to air (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg CH4
• Amount rule: Calculate the pathway total for this node and period, apply the existing allocation and stage_throughput_linkage, then inventory_reference_normalization exactly once to the measured final accepted reference output.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_pathway_emissions
• Sources: review-ipcc-livestock-2019

Manure biogenic methane to air (review_managed_manure_ch4)

Calculate actual atmospheric release by manure system, climate, residence time and volatile-solids activity. Reconcile captured, destroyed or oxidised methane; produced methane is not automatically emitted methane. Applies only to the operated managed node; preserve its existing route and period conditions. A dataset must resolve actual activity, method applicability and an evidence-based range or physical bound for this pathway before treating the inventory as complete. Missing evidence is not zero or not_applicable. A verified substance/origin/compartment UUID is still required for a final bound exchange.

• Selected flow: Methane, biogenic, to air (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg CH4
• Amount rule: Calculate the pathway total for this node and period, apply the existing allocation and stage_throughput_linkage, then inventory_reference_normalization exactly once to the measured final accepted reference output.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_pathway_emissions
• Sources: review-ipcc-livestock-2019

Direct manure nitrous oxide to air (review_managed_direct_n2o)

Use the actual manure-management nitrogen pathway. Keep storage/treatment distinct from field application and grazing deposition, which require a managed-soil method and an explicitly assigned inventory responsibility. Applies only to the operated managed node; preserve its existing route and period conditions. A dataset must resolve actual activity, method applicability and an evidence-based range or physical bound for this pathway before treating the inventory as complete. Missing evidence is not zero or not_applicable. A verified substance/origin/compartment UUID is still required for a final bound exchange.

• Selected flow: Nitrous oxide to air (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg N2O
• Amount rule: Calculate the pathway total for this node and period, apply the existing allocation and stage_throughput_linkage, then inventory_reference_normalization exactly once to the measured final accepted reference output.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_pathway_emissions
• Sources: review-ipcc-livestock-2019

Indirect manure nitrogen-derived nitrous oxide to air (review_managed_indirect_n2o)

Calculate attributable indirect N2O from documented manure N volatilisation/deposition and leaching/runoff pathways where applicable. Keep separate from direct N2O and reconcile any nitrogen-fate calculation already included downstream or in the chosen background/impact model. Applies only to the operated managed node; preserve its existing route and period conditions. A dataset must resolve actual activity, method applicability and an evidence-based range or physical bound for this pathway before treating the inventory as complete. Missing evidence is not zero or not_applicable. A verified substance/origin/compartment UUID is still required for a final bound exchange.

• Selected flow: Nitrous oxide to air (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg N2O
• Amount rule: Calculate the pathway total for this node and period, apply the existing allocation and stage_throughput_linkage, then inventory_reference_normalization exactly once to the measured final accepted reference output.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_pathway_emissions
• Sources: review-ipcc-livestock-2019

Manure ammonia to air (review_managed_nh3)

Use actual species, housing/storage conditions and a justified nitrogen-flow method. Track total N and ammoniacal N by stage; a generic volatilised-N estimate is not automatically NH3 because it may include other nitrogen species. Applies only to the operated managed node; preserve its existing route and period conditions. A dataset must resolve actual activity, method applicability and an evidence-based range or physical bound for this pathway before treating the inventory as complete. Missing evidence is not zero or not_applicable. A verified substance/origin/compartment UUID is still required for a final bound exchange.

• Selected flow: Ammonia to air (UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg NH3
• Amount rule: Calculate the pathway total for this node and period, apply the existing allocation and stage_throughput_linkage, then inventory_reference_normalization exactly once to the measured final accepted reference output.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_pathway_emissions
• Sources: review-eea-manure-2023

Process: Independently capture and briefly hold eligible residual bovines (capture)

Inputs

Product flows

Electricity at the equipment supply point (capture_energy_electricity)

Collection scope and applicability for capture_energy. The following concrete identities have separate cards and apply only when use or generation is evidenced inside the original process scope. They are not mandatory inputs or a default recipe. Document non-use; missing records are not zero. Add a separate concrete card for any other actual material instead of substituting one of these names or UUIDs. Preserve attribution and boundaries and avoid double counting components included in outsourced services.

Only fuel or electricity actually consumed by the authorized capture/holding campaign. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted live output

Confirm identity, grade, state and unit from equipment, supplier and contemporaneous measurements; the product UUID does not establish actual use or upstream-provider compatibility. Retain the electricity supply point, fuel grade, density and heating-value basis. Distinguish purchased heat from on-site fuel conversion without counting its input fuel again.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 455f0ef5-6118-4f2b-a3f5-1f75e0afe3ca
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_capture and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_capture
• Sources: fao-agricultural-energy

This binding is alternating current at the use point with supply technology, voltage and provider unspecified. Confirm actual AC supply; DC requires a different identity. The database reference is 1 MJ: preserve meter kWh and convert once using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ when linking reference quantities. Internal generation links to its foreground generator, without an additional purchased-electricity burden.

Diesel fuel supplied to equipment (capture_energy_diesel)

Confirm identity, grade, state and unit from equipment, supplier and contemporaneous measurements; the product UUID does not establish actual use or upstream-provider compatibility. Retain the electricity supply point, fuel grade, density and heating-value basis. Distinguish purchased heat from on-site fuel conversion without counting its input fuel again.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_capture and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_capture
• Sources: fao-agricultural-energy

Supplied temporary-holding water (capture_water)

Record actual holding water; zero needs a documented no-use event.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted live output

• Selected flow: Actual supplied holding water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Meter or reconcile delivered water by captured lot and holding period.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_capture
• Range: Provisional non-negative holding-water screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100000
  • Unit: kg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg accepted live output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Viable captured animals to acceptance (captured_live)

Record only animals actually handed onward alive; capture-and-release is excluded from this product route.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted live output

• Selected flow: Species-qualified living other bovine at authorized capture exit; UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh and count viable transfer by campaign, class and destination.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_capture
• Range: Provisional live-capture transfer screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100000
  • Unit: kg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg accepted live output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Capture and holding mortality (capture_deaths)

Record dead animals separately from viable capture and lawful releases.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted live output

• Selected flow: Actual dead residual-bovine carcass from capture; UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measure death count/mass and disposal destination by campaign.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_losses
• Range: Provisional non-negative capture-loss screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100000
  • Unit: kg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg accepted live output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Select, weigh and hand over living bovines (gate)

Inputs

Product flows

Living animals from exactly one source (gate_in)

Link once to managed or capture transfer for the lot; a purchased live lot enters with its supplier burden.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted live output

• Selected flow: Species-qualified living other bovine at source-to-gate transfer; UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh and reconcile incoming count, class and route.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_animals
• Range: Provisional incoming-live reconciliation screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100000
  • Unit: kg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg accepted live output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted living other bovine at actual gate (live_output)

This is the single reference output, not a universal species-free average.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted live output

Raw reference-output records: Sum measured accepted live mass and normalize to 1 kg. Preserve the measured accepted lot quantity and every required qualifier. The amount below is the normalized reference exchange, not an assertion that a physical lot contains only one unit.

• Selected flow: Species-, source- and gate-qualified living other bovine
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_animals
• Range: Exact reference normalization
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg accepted live output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

Live animals returned before acceptance (gate_return)

Only actual live return to source is a Product transfer, never a second final sale or waste.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted live output

• Selected flow: Species-qualified living returned bovine; UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh and count returned animals; link any later rearing to its actual new responsibility.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_animals
• Range: Provisional non-negative live-return screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100000
  • Unit: kg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg accepted live output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Deaths before live handover (gate_deaths)

Dead animals have a separate disposal destination and cannot enter the live reference.

Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted live output

• Selected flow: Actual dead residual-bovine carcass at gate; UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measure count/mass and destination of pre-handover death.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_losses
• Range: Provisional non-negative gate-loss screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100000
  • Unit: kg/kg live output
  • Basis: per kg accepted live output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
a_live_only	Source and gate	The declared baseline has one intended live product; do not allocate mortality, discarded manure or research releases as co-products. An independently sold additional product requires its own measured exchange and explicit new attribution decision.	fws-nilgai-zoo-2019
a_period	Managed cohorts and capture campaigns	Attribute opening stock, inputs, losses, replacements and accepted animals to the actual cohort/campaign and reporting period; do not amortize by an assumed universal lifetime.	fws-nilgai-zoo-2019; usda-nilgai-capture-2023
a_shared	Enclosure, water and handling assets	Attribute each shared facility/service across actual consuming source and gate nodes and service periods using recorded use; charge once.	fws-nilgai-zoo-2019
a_transfer	Live movements	Internal source-to-gate transfer and any return are balance entries, never an additional final output.

Concrete cards do not inherit numerical ranges from the former aggregate card. Determine quantities from original records, stock/meter reconciliation and the declared reference flow; no default quantity or numeric screen is supplied without evidence matching the identity, unit, period and boundary. Missing range evidence is a quality disclosure, not zero use or proof of completeness.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Specific input identification before dataset completion

Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.

requirement_id	collection_protocol_id	Preserved collection scope
managed_feed_specific_input	cp_inputs	Operation managed: Count purchased or externally supplied feed; in-situ grazing is reported as land/management context, not a fictional purchased flow. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted live output Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using reconciled feed-supply records that retain in-boundary losses and their production burden.
capture_materials_specific_input	cp_capture	Operation capture: Retain actual material identity; reusable gear is an asset service allocated across campaigns, not consumed again. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted live output Original quantity method: Count or weigh material issued and consumed in campaign.
gate_containment_specific_input	cp_inputs	Operation gate: Use only actual single-use containment; reusable crates or facilities are shared asset services. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted live output Original quantity method: Count or weigh actual material used for accepted live handover.

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_animals	managed; gate	live stock, transfers and reference	herd register; weigh ticket; custody record	species; taxon; origin; class; head count; live kg; event time; gate; recipient; authorization	identify and weigh actual animals; reconcile by cohort and lot; Raw aggregation requirements: sum accepted kg once; preserve returns separately. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again.	head; kg	each movement and period close	full cohort and gate period	one operation and actual handover	per reference flow	calibrated scale; identity register; signed receipt; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
cp_inputs	managed; gate	feed, water, energy, containment	invoice; meter; inventory issue	material; quantity; unit; supplier; node; service period	meter or reconcile actual supplied amounts; Raw aggregation requirements: Use calc_feed_supply_and_intake to distinguish supplied feed carrying production burden, actual intake and losses; preserve all native stock and period records, then normalize the attributable quantity once to accepted final output. managed_feed_specific_input: Operation managed: Count purchased or externally supplied feed; in-situ grazing is reported as land/management context, not a fictional purchased flow. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted live output Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using reconciled feed-supply records that retain in-boundary losses and their production burden. Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default. gate_containment_specific_input: Operation gate: Use only actual single-use containment; reusable crates or facilities are shared asset services. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted live output Original quantity method: Count or weigh actual material used for accepted live handover. Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.	kg; kWh	each supply and period close	full service period	actual consuming nodes	per reference flow	invoices; meters; stock ledger; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
cp_capture	capture	campaign and living capture	permit; campaign log; weigh ticket	authority; site; species; count; live mass; fuel; water; materials; release/death/transfer; destination	document authorized operations and live handover; Raw aggregation requirements: only viable transferred animals become live output. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. capture_materials_specific_input: Operation capture: Retain actual material identity; reusable gear is an asset service allocated across campaigns, not consumed again. Denominator and scope requirements：per kg accepted live output Original quantity method: Count or weigh material issued and consumed in campaign. Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.	head; kg; kWh	each campaign event	actual campaign and holding	authorized source and gate	per reference flow	permits; logs; signed transfer; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
cp_losses	managed; capture; gate	mortality and discarded manure	veterinary; disposal; manure ledger	species; mass; count; cause; destination; period	weigh or reconcile actual loss separately by substance; Raw aggregation requirements: sum each waste once, excluding live returns. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again.	head; kg	each event and period close	full source and gate periods	actual node	per reference flow	veterinary note; disposal receipt; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet
cp_pathway_emissions	managed	pathway-specific gases and manure N/C	herd, feed, manure, field and method ledger	species/class; animal-days; intake/DM/digestibility; volatile solids; manure N/TAN; system shares; climate; storage time; fertiliser N; grazing; volatilisation/leaching; methane recovery; factor source/unit; final accepted output ; collected manure wet mass; dry matter; destination	collect primary activity by node and period, document parameter applicability, retain each pathway worksheet and any linked treatment/pasture dataset Retain raw totals and normalize attributed quantities once to the measured accepted final reference output.	animal-day; kg DM; kg VS; kg N; kg CH4; kg N2O; kg NH3	each operating period and management change	complete represented cohort and service period	actual operated nodes only	per reference flow	meter/analysis records, nitrogen cascade, method and factor evidence, no-duplication ledger
cp_feed_supply_and_intake	managed	Feed supply, intake and loss	stock, receipt, issue and loss ledger	feed identity/source; cohort/phase; period; opening/closing stock; receipts; on-site provision; unused returns/transfers; uneaten/spoiled mass and destination; as-fed/DM; actual intake; burden owner; accepted final output	Reconcile matched stock, scales, ration/forage estimates and disposal records under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. Keep raw totals and stage denominators; assign production and treatment burden once, then normalize to accepted final output.	kg as-fed; kg DM	each issue and period close	complete represented cohort/period	actual operated feeding nodes	per reference flow	stock and supplier records; moisture evidence; loss and no-duplication reconciliation
cp_manure_n2o_coverage	managed	Direct and indirect manure/soil N2O coverage	pathway N ledger and method worksheet	species/class; period; excreted N; stage stocks/transfers; system shares; volatilised NH3-N/NOx-N; leached/runoff N; application/grazing N; factor source, unit and applicability; direct/indirect components; receiving medium; linked process and assigned card; accepted final output	Retain raw stage N and component calculations under calc_manure_n2o_coverage, matched to actual operation and existing manure protocols. Document unsupported or inapplicable paths and coverage boundaries; normalize attributable N2O once.	kg N; kg N2O	each reporting period and management change	complete represented management period	actual operated and explicitly linked nodes	per reference flow	N balance, factor unit/applicability, component-to-card and no-duplication worksheet

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
c_reference	Final live gate	Sum measured accepted live kg at one gate, divide each in-boundary amount by that sum, and verify count/mass ledger closure.	cp_animals; cp_capture; cp_losses	amount per kg accepted living output	tahc-exotics-movement
c_shared	Shared services	Assign recorded service to actual consuming node and period once, then normalize; retain the evidence for denominator and period.	cp_inputs; cp_animals	attributed service per kg live output
calc_pathway_emissions	managed	Use species- and management-compatible methods and retain disaggregated pathway totals. Convert N2O-N to N2O by 44/28 and NH3-N to NH3 by 17/14 exactly once; already molecular masses are not reconverted. Check methane against the documented available-carbon/methane-potential balance and nitrogen losses against each stage's available N. Indirect formation from previously volatilised N is a downstream transformation, not a second source-stage N loss. Attribute and normalize once; do not duplicate linked treatment or fate-model emissions. Use matched raw-period quantities before allocation for physical screens: CH4 mass × 12/16 must not exceed the carbon available to the represented pathway; source-stage NH3 mass × 14/17 plus direct N2O mass × 28/44 and other source N losses must not exceed that stage's available N, after accounting for stocks and transfers. Bound each indirect N2O-N calculation by its documented volatilised or leached N precursor, not by subtracting that downstream transformation again from the source ledger. These are conservation checks, not emission factors or an empirical per-product range.	cp_pathway_emissions	kg named compound per final reference flow	review-ipcc-livestock-2019; review-eea-manure-2023; review-ipcc-soils-2019
calc_feed_supply_and_intake	managed_feed	Feed supply used by the represented operation = opening feed stock + receipts + on-site feed entering the operation - closing feed stock - documented unused returns or transfers out. Retain in-boundary spoilage, refusals and discarded leftovers in that supply. Actual intake = that supply - measured uneaten/discarded losses, after matching moisture/DM and period; use intake only for nutrition/metabolism. Opening stock retains its prior burden and is not another purchase. Trace any unused return or transfer and its burden destination; no automatic substitution credit. Attribute production once, through either the purchased-feed dataset or the represented on-site crop/collection node, never both for the same feed. Include actual waste treatment and manure contributions once, not as a second feed-production burden.	cp_feed_supply_and_intake	separate feed supply, intake and loss quantities, in matched as-fed/DM units	fao-feed-loss-accounting-2018
calc_manure_n2o_coverage	review_managed_direct_n2o; review_managed_indirect_n2o	For each actual manure stage, calculate direct N2O, volatilisation/deposition-derived indirect N2O, and applicable leaching/runoff-derived indirect N2O separately with documented species/system activity and factor basis. Convert N2O-N to molecular N2O by 44/28 once; do not reconvert molecular masses. Retain component worksheets. Where an existing N2O card covers both direct and indirect emissions, report their non-overlapping sum; where separate direct/indirect cards exist, assign each component once to its matching card and never also report the sum. Pasture deposition and land application use the managed-soil method, not a manure-storage factor. Assign foreground versus linked treatment/pasture coverage explicitly; a manure export does not erase earlier emissions, and already covered downstream emissions are not repeated. Account for stock, transfers and previous N losses in the nitrogen cascade; indirect N2O is a downstream transformation of its precursor, not a second source-stage N loss. Normalize attributed molecular masses once to the accepted reference output. Document inapplicability; absent pathway data are not zero.	cp_manure_n2o_coverage	kg molecular N2O by pathway and assigned existing card	review-ipcc-livestock-2019; review-ipcc-soils-2019
chemical_species_mass_accounting	elementary_nutrient_emissions	Final elementary exchanges use the mass of the identified substance and one actual receiving compartment. Keep nutrient/activity ledgers separate: species-specific N2O-N × 44/28 gives N2O, NH3-N × 17/14 gives NH3, nitrate-N × 62/14 gives nitrate, and phosphate-P × 95/31 gives phosphate. If the selected flow is elemental phosphorus instead, report kg P and convert phosphate mass by 31/95 only when that species basis is evidenced. Apply a conversion exactly once only when the method output is on the elemental basis; measured compound mass is not reconverted. Total nutrient losses cannot be assigned to a single species without a supported split, and residual/retained soil nutrient is not an emission. Keep direct/indirect pathway ledgers and avoid repeating a pathway already included in the chosen method or upstream inventory. Factor uncertainty ranges screen factors on their stated basis, not final compound amounts or admissible site emissions. Normalize the attributable compound mass once using the accepted reference quantity and the matched measured output. Unknown activity, identity or compartment remains an evidence gap and blocks a completeness claim.	cp_pathway_emissions; species-specific activity ledger, method pathway and factor basis, matched accepted output	Identity-specific exchanges and reconciled activity records

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_class	Every lot	Prove taxon and residual 02119 classification against 02111/02112/02129; do not rely on common name alone.	taxonomic record; classification decision
dq_legal	Every lot	Prove source, custody, movement/capture authority and recipient; research release is not a marketed output.	permits; source and handover records
dq_mass	Reference and transfers	Measure live mass and count, reconcile returns and deaths, do not assume kg/head.	weigh tickets; animal register
dq_period	Cohort/campaign and assets	Cover full reporting period and assign shared burden once.	service and event ledger
dq_uuid	Final exchange	Verify exact flow, property and unit group before downstream TIDAS exchange publication.	platform detail and support-row evidence

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
v_class	Every dataset	Reject missing species, unreasoned overlap with 02129, or an animal already covered as cattle/buffalo/bison.	un-cpc3-2025; itis-nilgai; un-cpc21-2015
v_route	Every lot	Require exactly one source route with actual legal authority and living transfer; exclude capture-and-release from product output.	usda-nilgai-capture-2023; tahc-exotics-movement
v_balance	Stock and outputs	Reconcile head count and mass from opening/purchased/captured stock through births, transfers, returns, deaths and closing stock; only accepted live output is reference.
v_period	Assets and cohorts	Require real service periods, consumers and once-only shared attribution; no assumed universal lifetime or capture yield.
v_identity	Unbound cards	Leave unconfirmed UUIDs blank; final concrete exchange needs exact flow, property and unit-group evidence.
v_pathway_emission_coverage	managed	Require a pathway coverage ledger for enteric CH4 where biologically applicable, manure CH4, direct/indirect N2O, NH3 and relevant field emissions. Every pathway needs a measured/calculated value, a named linked process with matching coverage, or supported inapplicability; absent data cannot become zero. Keep wild life before capture outside managed husbandry, assess actual managed holding separately, and retain species-specific evidence.	review-ipcc-livestock-2019; review-ipcc-soils-2019; review-eea-manure-2023
v_foreground_emission_responsibility	Actual operated nodes and linked services	Record responsibility for on-site fuel combustion and refrigerant leakage when applicable: either quantified foreground emissions or a named linked process explicitly covering them, never merely a fuel-supply or electricity-production input. Assess special-taxon biological and residue emissions using species/route evidence, without a generic livestock factor. Identify any unresolved pathway and withhold a completeness claim; document supported absence and prevent duplicate upstream/downstream accounting.
v_feed_supply_intake_separation	All feed inputs	Reject an upstream feed inventory reduced by in-boundary refusal, spoilage or discarded leftovers without retaining their production burden. Reconcile supply, intake, stock, transfers and loss destinations under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. Do not reuse intake as supplied feed, assume zero-burden on-site feed or grant automatic avoided-product credits.	fao-feed-loss-accounting-2018
v_manure_n2o_coverage	Applicable manure and managed-soil N pathways	Require explicit direct and indirect pathway coverage, stage N balances and molecular-mass conversion. Map each component to an existing N2O card or an explicitly covering linked process once under calc_manure_n2o_coverage. Missing indirect-pathway evidence prevents a completeness claim; no default zero or duplicate aggregate-plus-components.	review-ipcc-livestock-2019; review-ipcc-soils-2019

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground species-qualified live residual-bovine dataset
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset only after species/gate-specific review
allowed_use	One eligible species, documented residual classification, lawful source and actual live handover
excluded_use	Species-free average; undocumented capture or transfer; research release; dead animals; post-gate transport
required_metadata	Taxon and classification rationale; permits; route; count/mass; class; cohort/campaign; gate; periods; losses; identity evidence
required_quality_disclosure	Legal and taxonomic uncertainty, mass measurement, incomplete inventories, provisional Ranges and unresolved UUIDs
update_trigger	New official CPC/HS assignment, species/route change, movement restriction, gate change or verified flow identity

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc3-2025	official_guidance	UN CPC Version 3.0 explanatory notes	Named cattle/buffalo exclusions and residual classes
un-cpc21-2015	official_guidance	UN CPC Version 2.1 and HS 0102.90 correspondence	Residual-bovine classification interpretation
itis-nilgai	dataset	ITIS taxonomy for Boselaphus tragocamelus	Bovinae membership, not trade permission
fws-nilgai-zoo-2019	official_guidance	USFWS permit-file exhibit recording captive nilgai births	Managed-breeding route evidence, not a lot-specific authorization
nandankanan-nilgai-exchange	dataset	Nandankanan Zoological Park nilgai exchange record	Actual institutional live transfer evidence, not general sale or universal permission
usda-nilgai-capture-2023	literature	USDA ARS summary of nilgai live-capture study	Independent capture responsibility and welfare questions, not product sale
tahc-exotics-movement	official_guidance	Texas Animal Health Commission exotic-livestock movement requirements	Nilgai live-movement control questions, not universal legal permission
review-ipcc-livestock-2019	official_guidance	IPCC 2019 Refinement, Volume 4, Chapter 10: Emissions from Livestock and Manure Management	Species and pathway applicability; CH4 and N2O method selection, not universal emission factors
review-eea-manure-2023	official_guidance	EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Guidebook 2023, 3.B Manure Management	NH3 nitrogen-flow method; verify actual species, management and geographical applicability before adopting parameters
review-ipcc-soils-2019	official_guidance	IPCC 2019 Refinement, Volume 4, Chapter 11: N2O Emissions from Managed Soils	Managed-soil direct and indirect nitrogen pathways and boundary reconciliation
fao-feed-loss-accounting-2018	official_guidance	FAO 2018, Environmental performance of pig supply chains, section 11.2.2	Feed supply versus intake and waste burden, not animal parameters. Applying this accounting principle to the declared taxon is this PCR's methodological choice; no pig diet or emission factor is transferred.
fao-agricultural-energy	official_guidance	FAO Energy demand and consumption in African agriculture, Annex C case-study results, https://www.fao.org/4/v9766e/v9766e08.htm	conditional concrete identities and method context; does not establish site use or quantities