Parts of portable electric lamps designed to function by their own source of energy (except those of cycles or motor vehicles); parts n.e.c. of lamps and lighting fittings; parts n.e.c. of illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates and the like

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers factory-gate production of discrete metal or metal-and-minor-component parts whose dedicated function is incorporation into portable self-powered electric lamps, lamps and lighting fittings, illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates, or similar illuminated articles within the boundary represented by CPC 46542. It applies to finished replacement parts and production parts supplied as saleable parts, including formed housings, brackets, reflectors, covers, frames, contact-supporting metal pieces, and comparable non-light-source parts when their product identity is documented.

The representative route is an aluminium-sheet part formed or machined, conditionally alkaline-cleaned and powder-coated, inspected, and released at the factory gate. A concrete data package shall declare the actual part number, host product, material and alloy, forming technology, surface treatment, coating, electrical content, dimensions, saleable condition, geography, and production period. Alternative metal stocks or finishing systems shall be instantiated as separate atomic flows and technology-specific processes; they are not to be combined with the representative flows.

Complete lamps and lighting fittings, lamps for cycles or motor vehicles, electric filament or discharge lamps, arc lamps, LED light sources or modules sold as such, glass-only parts, plastics-only parts, upstream production of purchased materials, distribution, installation, use, maintenance, and end-of-life are outside this foreground gate-to-gate rule. These may be linked as separate datasets when required by the study goal. un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025 establishes the classification identity; us-epa-mpm-development-document-2003 and eu-jrc-stm-bref-2006 support the representative operation sequence and conditional surface-treatment boundary.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.electrical-machinery-and-apparatus.parts-of-portable-electric-lamps-designed-to-function-by-their-own-source-of-energy-exc-21bad56b
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 46542 (exact)
covered_products	Saleable metal or metal-and-minor-component parts dedicated to portable self-powered electric lamps, lamps and lighting fittings, illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates, and like illuminated articles, when not classified as a complete lamp, light source, glass-only part, or plastics-only part
excluded_products	Complete lamps and fittings; cycle or motor-vehicle lighting parts; filament, discharge, arc, or LED light sources sold as such; glass-only parts; plastics-only parts; generic metal articles without a documented lighting-equipment function
representative_product	Powder-coated fabricated aluminium housing, bracket, reflector, frame, or comparable metal part for a lighting fitting, supplied as one saleable part
production_route	Receipt of aluminium sheet; cutting, stamping and/or machining; optional cutting-fluid use; conditional alkaline cleaning and rinsing; conditional powder coating and electric curing; inspection and factory-gate release
market_state	Finished, dry, inspected saleable part at the manufacturing factory gate; not installed in a complete lamp or sign

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Supply a finished part that performs its declared mechanical, optical-support, protective, mounting, contact-support, or enclosure function in the specified lighting or illuminated-sign product
How much	1 kg net mass of saleable parts, excluding transport packaging
How well	Conforms to the declared drawing, material/alloy, dimensions and tolerances, finish/coating, host-product interface, electrical-content declaration, and release inspection criteria
How long or cycle	One factory-gate delivery; no use-stage service duration is credited at part level, and any required durability or cycle rating shall be declared as a product qualifier
reference_flow_link	One kilogram of finished lighting-equipment part output finished_lighting_part

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Finished lighting-equipment part
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	part number and function; host lamp, fitting, sign or name-plate type; material and alloy; net mass; dimensions and tolerances; forming and machining route; surface preparation; coating or uncoated state; electrical content; factory-gate geography; production period; recycled-content claim and method if reported; release criteria; transport-packaging exclusion

When constructing a foreground data package, every item in Required qualifiers shall be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference-flow comments, product descriptions, or an equivalent field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow incomplete for that data package.

Tiangong audit receipt fd0dd520-46b8-49d5-b2e6-427dc6c94d03 directly read five public state-100 candidates and found no exact reference-product flow. Its highest-ranked candidate was rejected with classification_mismatch because: The public flow is aluminium/alloy bars, rods and profiles (CPC 41532), not a finished lighting-equipment part in the assigned category. The other candidates were likewise upstream aluminium materials or unrelated aluminium products, so finished_lighting_part remains explicitly unresolved.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_net_mass	Reference product and all mass-normalized exchanges	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Normalize to the measured net mass of accepted saleable parts at factory-gate release. Exclude pallets, cartons, protective film, and other transport packaging from the reference mass.
batch_to_reference_mass	Batch records	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg/kg reference flow	Divide each batch exchange by accepted net product mass from the same batch or a documented representative aggregation period. Keep reject and rework mass separate from accepted output.
electricity_energy_conversion	Electricity rows	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	MJ	Preserve metered electrical energy and convert kWh to MJ using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ. Do not convert electricity to a mass basis.
water_mass_conversion	Process-water and cleaning-wastewater rows	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Prefer direct mass measurement. If volume is metered, record temperature and density source and document the volume-to-mass conversion.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased aluminium sheet and other declared process inputs received at the part-manufacturing site
starting_condition_role	Factory-gate input to foreground part fabrication; upstream production is represented by linked datasets
product_classification_scope	Lighting-equipment parts with the semantic boundary stated in section 1; CPC 46542 is classification context and does not replace the declared product qualifiers
recursive_input_rule	If an input is itself a saleable part within this PCR boundary, record that concrete part as a purchased product input with its supplier dataset; do not recreate its fabrication inside the consuming process or aggregate it with other parts
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link geography-, technology-, material-state-, recycled-content-, and supplier-appropriate upstream datasets for aluminium sheet, electricity, water, chemicals, coating, cutting fluid, and treatment services
disclosure	Declare included operations, omitted conditional operations, outsourced steps, allocation, scrap ownership and destination, wastewater treatment, powder recovery, electricity mix, geography, period, and all substitutions from the representative route

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_factory_gate	Foreground production	Include material receipt, cutting/stamping/machining, associated cleaning, conditional surface preparation and coating, inspection, internal transfers, saleable output, aluminium scrap, spent coolant, cleaning wastewater, and powder-coating waste through factory-gate release.	us-epa-mpm-development-document-2003; eu-jrc-stm-bref-2006
boundary_conditional_finish	Surface preparation and coating	Include surface_preparation_and_coating only when alkaline cleaning and powder coating are performed for the declared product. If omitted or replaced, identify the actual finish route and author separate atomic inputs and outputs for it.	us-epa-mpm-development-document-2003; eu-jrc-stm-bref-2006
boundary_upstream_linkage	Purchased inputs and outsourced operations	Keep upstream production and outsourced operations outside the foreground unit process but require traceable linked datasets with consistent geography, technology and product state; no purchased input may disappear under a cut-off solely because its UUID is unresolved.	eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279
boundary_exclusions	Downstream and infrastructure	Exclude transport packaging from the reference mass and exclude distribution, installation, complete-lamp assembly, use, maintenance, end-of-life, buildings, capital equipment and employee travel unless the study goal explicitly includes and reports them as separate processes.	eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
metal_part_fabrication	Metal-part cutting, forming and machining	required	Always include for the representative fabricated aluminium part; adapt the atomic stock input and operations to the declared part	Foreground material shaping	Mass of fabricated parts awaiting the next applicable operation
surface_preparation_and_coating	Alkaline surface preparation and powder coating	conditional	Include only when the declared part is alkaline-cleaned/rinsed and powder-coated; use a separately declared technology-specific process for another finish	Foreground cleaning and organic coating	Mass of coated parts awaiting release inspection
inspection_and_release	Final inspection and factory-gate release	required	Always include; identify the applicable fabricated-part input from the preceding route	Foreground quality release	1 kg accepted saleable part

The detailed rows below describe one representative aluminium-sheet/powder-coating route without multiplying product variants by material and finishing choices. Other product constructions shall replace or extend the representative route with concrete atomic rows while preserving the same reference-flow and data-quality rules.

Process: Metal-part cutting, forming and machining (metal_part_fabrication)

Inputs

Product flows

Aluminium sheet stock (aluminium_sheet_input)

Purchased aluminium sheet crosses the site boundary as the representative metal stock. The state-100 identity is sheet above 0.2 mm; alloy, temper, thickness, recycled content and supplier state remain foreground qualifiers.

• Selected flow: aluminium sheet 4f197be4-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Record delivered sheet mass charged to the production batch, net of stock returned unused to inventory
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished lighting-equipment part
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_batch_records
• Sources: us-epa-mpm-development-document-2003

Forming and machining electricity (forming_electricity)

Metered electricity for cutting, stamping, forming, machining and local extraction crosses the process boundary as electrical energy.

• Selected flow: Electricity 67b723a9-6f63-4802-adca-b52ce7967d47
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / Units of energy 93a60a57-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Record submetered electricity or allocate a reconciled production-area meter by documented machine time for the declared batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished lighting-equipment part
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: us-epa-mpm-development-document-2003

Cutting fluid (cutting_fluid_input)

Cutting fluid is recorded when machining uses a supplied coolant or lubricant. Formulation, dilution and recirculation shall be disclosed.

• Selected flow: Cutting Fluid 576d250f-4f36-4385-939d-0f03b8f95a10
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Record fresh concentrate plus make-up fluid charged to the batch, excluding internally recirculated fluid
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished lighting-equipment part
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cutting_fluid_records
• Sources: us-epa-mpm-development-document-2003

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Fabricated part awaiting the next operation (formed_part_release_output)

The shaped part leaves fabrication for the declared next operation. This is a product-specific internal flow and shall receive a foreground flow identity rather than a proxy public UUID.

• Selected flow: Fabricated lighting part awaiting next operation
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Record measured conforming and nonconforming part mass transferred out of fabrication; tag the accepted transfer separately
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished lighting-equipment part
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_intermediate_transfer_records
• Sources: us-epa-mpm-development-document-2003

Waste flows

Segregated aluminium fabrication scrap (aluminium_scrap_output)

Aluminium offcuts, punchings and separated chips leaving fabrication as scrap are recorded independently from the finished part and other wastes.

• Selected flow: Aluminium Scrap 96c5f842-ea53-419b-b1cd-c02c479efb45
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Record weighed aluminium scrap leaving the process, net of clean material returned directly to the same batch; disclose contamination and destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished lighting-equipment part
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fabrication_waste_records
• Sources: us-epa-mpm-development-document-2003

Spent cutting coolant (spent_coolant_output)

Spent coolant removed from the recirculating system or batch is recorded when it leaves the process for recovery or treatment.

• Selected flow: Spent coolant 62b6a738-fb6a-4570-a95a-9255ec0dcb2b
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Record mass removed from service and transferred off process, excluding coolant retained in active recirculation inventory
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished lighting-equipment part
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fabrication_waste_records
• Sources: us-epa-mpm-development-document-2003

Elementary flows

Process: Alkaline surface preparation and powder coating (surface_preparation_and_coating)

Inputs

Product flows

Fabricated part entering surface treatment (formed_part_surface_input)

The product-specific fabricated part enters the conditional surface process as an internal product flow.

• Selected flow: Fabricated lighting part awaiting surface treatment
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Record measured part mass accepted into the surface-treatment batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished lighting-equipment part
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_intermediate_transfer_records
• Sources: us-epa-mpm-development-document-2003

Alkaline-cleaning process water (process_water_input)

Water supplied to cleaning baths, rinses and make-up crosses the process boundary as a product input; internally recycled water is not counted again.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Record metered fresh and make-up process water entering the surface-treatment process, excluding recirculated internal water
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished lighting-equipment part
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_surface_material_records
• Sources: us-epa-mpm-development-document-2003; eu-jrc-stm-bref-2006

Sodium hydroxide cleaner (sodium_hydroxide_input)

Sodium hydroxide is recorded as one concrete alkaline-cleaning chemical when used in the declared bath; concentration and solution mass basis shall be disclosed.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide e0abcced-0611-4c24-9290-5a2c5a0c4169
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Record 100% sodium-hydroxide-equivalent mass added to the bath from purchase and replenishment records; separately retain supplied solution mass and concentration
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished lighting-equipment part
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_surface_material_records
• Sources: us-epa-mpm-development-document-2003; eu-jrc-stm-bref-2006

Powder coating material (powder_coating_input)

Fresh powder coating crossing into the booth is recorded separately from recovered internal overspray.

• Selected flow: Powder Coating 6e3010f9-fbd3-48f6-95fc-c1b38d2800d2
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Record fresh powder charged from inventory, excluding recovered powder recirculated within the same foreground process; disclose resin and pigment system
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished lighting-equipment part
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_surface_material_records
• Sources: us-epa-mpm-development-document-2003

Surface-treatment and coating electricity (surface_electricity)

Electricity for pumps, ventilation, drying, powder application, recovery equipment and electric curing is recorded for the conditional process.

• Selected flow: Electricity 67b723a9-6f63-4802-adca-b52ce7967d47
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / Units of energy 93a60a57-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Record submetered electricity or allocate a reconciled line meter by documented operating time and throughput
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished lighting-equipment part
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: us-epa-mpm-development-document-2003; eu-jrc-stm-bref-2006

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Coated part awaiting release inspection (finished_part_surface_output)

The coated product leaves the conditional surface process as a product-specific internal flow.

• Selected flow: Powder-coated lighting part awaiting release inspection
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Record dry part mass transferred from the coating line after cure and cooling
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished lighting-equipment part
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_intermediate_transfer_records
• Sources: us-epa-mpm-development-document-2003

Waste flows

Cleaning and rinse wastewater (cleaning_wastewater_output)

Wastewater leaving alkaline cleaning and rinsing is recorded as one concrete process-wastewater flow before on-site or off-site treatment. Bath dumps and rinses may be tracked separately in raw records but are aggregated only when composition and destination are compatible.

• Selected flow: Wastewater from cleaning f0402393-e82c-47e8-9cd8-a486c97f3e89
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Record measured wastewater mass leaving the process after internal reuse, with pH, dissolved-metal information and treatment destination retained
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished lighting-equipment part
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_surface_output_records
• Sources: us-epa-mpm-development-document-2003; eu-jrc-stm-bref-2006

Powder-coating waste (powder_coating_waste_output)

Unrecovered overspray and booth clean-out powder leaving the process is recorded separately from internally recovered powder.

• Selected flow: Powder coating waste 9aa53a82-5462-400e-9096-efab7718201f
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Record weighed powder-coating waste transferred for treatment or disposal, net of powder returned to the coating feed
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished lighting-equipment part
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_surface_output_records
• Sources: us-epa-mpm-development-document-2003

Elementary flows

Process: Final inspection and factory-gate release (inspection_and_release)

Inputs

Product flows

Fabricated part awaiting release (finished_part_inspection_input)

The last applicable fabrication or finishing step supplies the product-specific part to release inspection.

• Selected flow: Fabricated lighting part awaiting release inspection
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Record net dry mass entering final inspection and reconcile it to accepted, rework and rejected outcomes
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished lighting-equipment part
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_release_records
• Sources: us-epa-mpm-development-document-2003

Inspection electricity (inspection_electricity)

Electricity for dimensional, optical, coating, continuity or other declared release equipment is recorded separately from fabrication electricity.

• Selected flow: Electricity 67b723a9-6f63-4802-adca-b52ce7967d47
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / Units of energy 93a60a57-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Record submetered inspection electricity or allocate a reconciled test-area meter by documented inspection time
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished lighting-equipment part
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: us-epa-mpm-development-document-2003

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Finished lighting-equipment part (finished_lighting_part)

Accepted parts leave the foreground system at factory gate. No exact public state-100 reference-product UUID was confirmed, so the final dataset shall create or resolve the product-specific flow before publication.

• Selected flow: Finished lighting-equipment part
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Exactly 1 kg accepted net product mass as the reference-flow normalization output
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg accepted finished lighting-equipment part
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Sources: eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279

Waste flows

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivision_first	Shared fabrication, finishing and inspection processes	First subdivide meters, batch records and waste records by process, line, batch or part family so that the declared product receives directly measured burdens wherever technically feasible.	eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279
allocation_physical_driver	Residual shared foreground burdens	When subdivision is not feasible, allocate electricity by machine or line time and rated/measured load, cleaning and coating burdens by treated surface area or bath throughput, and other mass-driven burdens by accepted plus rejected processed mass. Document the causal driver and sensitivity.	eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279
allocation_scrap_and_recovery	Aluminium scrap, recovered powder and internally recirculated fluids	Record quantities, ownership and destinations. Do not count internal recirculation as a new input or assign an avoided-primary-material credit inside this gate-to-gate process. Apply any recycling or substitution credit only in the downstream lifecycle model under its declared method.	eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279
allocation_economic_last_resort	Multi-product operations without a defensible physical driver	Use economic allocation only when subdivision and a causal physical relationship are demonstrably unavailable; use contemporaneous net prices, report the allocation share, and test sensitivity to price variability.	eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_batch_records	metal_part_fabrication	aluminium sheet input	purchase receipt plus batch issue/return record	material UUID; alloy; temper; thickness; recycled-content basis; supplier; issued mass; returned mass; batch id; timestamp	Reconcile calibrated receiving or inventory scales with production issue and return records	kg	Each receipt and production batch	At least 12 representative months or the full campaign when shorter	Each manufacturing site and declared part family	Sum net issued mass for accepted reference-product batches, then normalize by accepted net output mass	Scale calibration; material certificate; supplier lot; inventory reconciliation; exception log
cp_energy_records	metal_part_fabrication; surface_preparation_and_coating; inspection_and_release	electricity inputs	production electricity meter and allocation records	meter id; opening and closing reading; multiplier; operating time; line state; batch id; electricity supplier and grid geography	Prefer submetering; otherwise reconcile the site meter and allocate with documented machine/line/test time and load	kWh and MJ	Each batch or shift; meter reconciliation monthly	At least 12 representative months or the full campaign when shorter	Each site and process area	Subtract idle/non-production loads when measured, allocate only residual shared load, convert kWh to MJ, normalize by accepted mass	Meter calibration; invoices; meter reconciliation; downtime log; allocation worksheet
cp_cutting_fluid_records	metal_part_fabrication	cutting-fluid input	purchase, issue and inventory records	product identity; concentrate mass; make-up mass; dilution water; opening and closing inventory; recirculation status; batch id	Reconcile purchase, issue and inventory records; exclude fluid still in internal circulation	kg	Each charge and disposal event	At least 12 representative months or the full campaign when shorter	Each machining system	Net fresh fluid charged divided by accepted reference-product mass	Product safety/technical sheet; inventory reconciliation; batch log
cp_intermediate_transfer_records	metal_part_fabrication; surface_preparation_and_coating	internal part outputs and inputs	transfer tickets and work-order records	part id; source process; destination process; accepted mass; rejected mass; rework mass; timestamp	Weigh or count with a validated count-to-mass conversion at every process transfer	kg	Each batch transfer	Full production campaign	Each foreground process boundary	Reconcile source output to destination input and explain timing or inventory differences	Scale calibration; transfer ticket; work-order reconciliation; rework log
cp_fabrication_waste_records	metal_part_fabrication	aluminium scrap and spent coolant	dispatch, manifest and storage records	waste UUID; container tare/gross/net mass; alloy/contamination; coolant type; destination; manifest/receipt; batch link	Weigh each dispatched container and reconcile temporary storage change	kg	Each container movement and monthly stocktake	At least 12 representative months or the full campaign when shorter	Each site and waste destination	Opening stock plus generation minus closing stock and returns, normalized by accepted product mass	Scale calibration; waste manifest; recycler/treatment receipt; storage reconciliation
cp_surface_material_records	surface_preparation_and_coating	process water, sodium hydroxide, powder coating	meter, purchase, issue and bath records	meter readings; chemical product mass; active concentration; powder issue/return; recovered powder; bath id; batch id	Meter water and reconcile chemical/coating purchase, issue, return and bath records	kg and concentration fraction	Each batch or bath addition; water meter each shift	At least 12 representative months or the full campaign when shorter	Each treatment and coating line	Count only fresh boundary inputs; calculate active NaOH mass as supplied solution mass times verified mass fraction; normalize by accepted output mass	Meter/scale calibration; chemical certificate; concentration test; inventory and bath logs
cp_surface_output_records	surface_preparation_and_coating	cleaning wastewater and powder-coating waste	discharge, waste transfer and recovery records	wastewater mass/volume; density; pH; dissolved-metal indicator; treatment destination; powder waste net mass; recovered powder; batch/date	Meter wastewater or document tank transfer; weigh powder waste; reconcile internal reuse and recovery	kg	Each discharge or waste transfer; reconcile monthly	At least 12 representative months or the full campaign when shorter	Each line, treatment route and destination	Net external waste output after internal reuse/recovery, normalized by accepted output mass	Meter/scale calibration; laboratory result; waste manifest; treatment receipt; recovery reconciliation
cp_release_records	inspection_and_release	inspection input and accepted reference product	production and release-inspection records	part id; input mass/count; inspected count; accepted count/mass; rework; reject; drawing revision; inspection criteria; timestamp	Use calibrated scales or validated count-to-mass conversion and controlled inspection records	kg and item count	Each production batch	Full production campaign	Each site and part number	Reconcile input to accepted, rework and rejected outcomes; normalize all exchanges by accepted net mass	Scale calibration; inspection plan; signed release record; nonconformance and rework log

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	Every foreground exchange	normalized amount = period- or batch-matched exchange / accepted net mass of finished_lighting_part; preserve the raw amount and common time/batch boundary	Exchange record; accepted net product mass	Exchange per 1 kg reference flow	eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279
calc_net_material_input	aluminium_sheet_input	net sheet input = issued sheet mass - unused sheet returned to inventory; do not subtract generated scrap	Issued mass; returned unused mass	Net aluminium sheet input	us-epa-mpm-development-document-2003
calc_active_naoh	sodium_hydroxide_input	100% NaOH-equivalent mass = supplied cleaning-solution mass × verified NaOH mass fraction	Supplied solution mass; certificate or measured mass fraction	Active sodium hydroxide mass	eu-jrc-stm-bref-2006
calc_electricity_mj	All electricity rows	electricity (MJ) = metered electricity (kWh) × 3.6	Metered or allocated kWh	Electricity in MJ
calc_mass_reconciliation	Fabrication, surface process and inspection	input part/material mass shall reconcile to accepted output, internal transfer, scrap/waste, retained inventory and documented mass change over the same boundary; investigate rather than force-close unexplained differences	Material and intermediate inputs; accepted outputs; wastes; inventory change	Mass-balance residual and completeness finding	us-epa-mpm-development-document-2003

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	Reference product and material flows	Preserve part number, host-product function, drawing revision, material/alloy, dimensions, finish, UUID decision, and product state; do not use the representative aluminium route for an undeclared alternative material.	Product drawing and bill of materials; material certificate; Tiangong state-100 direct-read audit
dq_measurement	Meters and scales	Use calibrated meters/scales or document a validated conversion; retain raw readings, multipliers, density/concentration data, downtime and allocation worksheets.	Calibration certificates; meter logs; weigh tickets; laboratory or supplier certificates
dq_temporal	Foreground annual or campaign data	Cover at least 12 representative months unless the production campaign is shorter; disclose campaign dates, shutdowns, abnormal batches and representativeness.	Production calendar; batch register; exception log
dq_completeness	All required and applicable conditional processes	Reconcile inputs, internal transfers, accepted outputs, rejects, wastes and inventory change. Report zero only when the exchange is demonstrably absent, not when the UUID or meter is missing.	Mass and energy reconciliation; applicability checklist; unresolved-flow register
dq_geography_technology	Foreground and linked upstream datasets	Match site geography, electricity supply, material state, finishing technology, waste treatment and reference period; document any proxy and its effect.	Dataset metadata; supplier records; process specification; data-quality assessment following eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_identity_and_reference	Product identity and reference flow	Fail validation if the canonical PCR id, part function, host product, material/alloy, finish, net reference mass, factory-gate state or required qualifiers are missing or internally inconsistent.	un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025; eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279
validate_process_applicability	Process map	Require both required processes and evaluate the conditional surface process against the declared route. If another finishing route is used, require a technology-specific process with concrete atomic flows and disclose the substitution.	us-epa-mpm-development-document-2003; eu-jrc-stm-bref-2006
validate_atomic_inventory	Inventory rows	Require one physical, chemical, waste or energy exchange per row; require a verified state-100 UUID or the matching manifest unresolved entry; reject combined utilities, materials, wastes, emissions or route-choice labels.
validate_units_and_normalization	Amounts and units	Require mass rows in kg, electricity in MJ, documented conversions, one common accepted-product denominator, and collection protocols for every collected or calculated foreground row.	eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279
validate_reconciliation	Material, intermediate, waste and energy records	Report accepted checks, skipped checks and residuals; fail when batch/time boundaries differ without reconciliation or when unexplained material losses, double-counted recirculation, or missing waste destinations make completeness inconclusive.	us-epa-mpm-development-document-2003
validate_range_evidence	Quantitative QA ranges	Treat all external range needs in the manifest as unresolved until at least two independent original-text sources with compatible boundary, functional unit and product state support a reasoned synthesis. Do not create a range from a single case, repeated value or regulatory limit.
validate_allocation	Shared burdens and recovery	Require subdivision first, a documented causal physical driver for residual allocation, separate recovery quantities and destinations, and sensitivity evidence for any last-resort economic allocation.	eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground factory-gate production dataset for a declared lighting-equipment part
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset after review and publication
allowed_use	Link into complete lamp, lighting fitting, illuminated-sign, construction-product or other lifecycle models when the part function, material, finish, geography, technology, time and factory-gate boundary are compatible
excluded_use	Direct comparison of unlike parts; use as a complete lamp or lighting fitting; substitution for a glass-only, plastics-only, vehicle-lighting or light-source dataset; use when material or finish is unknown; use as a published default while UUID or range-evidence blockers remain unresolved
required_metadata	PCR id and version; part number/function; host product; drawing revision; material/alloy; net mass; dimensions; forming and finishing route; coating; electrical content; included/outsourced processes; site/geography; period; electricity supply; recycled content method; allocation; scrap and waste destinations; UUID status
required_quality_disclosure	Primary-data share; measurement and calibration methods; temporal coverage; missing data and proxies; process applicability; material/energy reconciliation; allocation sensitivity; unresolved UUIDs; unresolved external range evidence; representativeness and reviewer status
update_trigger	Change in part design or material, mass by more than the study significance threshold, forming or finishing technology, coating chemistry, supplier/recycled-content basis, electricity supply, site/geography, waste treatment, allocation method, or availability of exact Tiangong UUID/range evidence

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025, official CSV	Exact CPC 46542 classification identity and English title; source bytes verified against SHA-256 5cd2c1c4890dd6be16af48e9bb940fed48efff9865f39ff15edaa921da25fb7c
us-epa-mpm-development-document-2003	official_guidance	US Environmental Protection Agency, Development Document for the Final Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Metal Products & Machinery Point Source Category, EPA-821-B-03-001, 2003, official PDF	Original pages 4-12 to 4-14 verified for shaping, machining, cleaning, surface preparation, organic coating, assembly/inspection, process ordering, wastes and wastewater
eu-jrc-stm-bref-2006	official_guidance	European Commission Joint Research Centre, Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for the Surface Treatment of Metals and Plastics, adopted August 2006, official BREF page	Original official page verified for aqueous electrolytic/chemical surface treatment and associated activities; supports the conditional surface-treatment boundary and collection focus
eu-pef-recommendation-2021-2279	official_guidance	European Commission, Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 of 15 December 2021 on the use of the Environmental Footprint methods, official consolidated text	Original official text verified for functional unit/reference flow, system boundary, multifunctionality hierarchy, company-specific data, data quality, normalization and validation principles