Electrical Apparatus for Switching, Protecting, or Connecting Circuits Above 1000 V

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers complete individual electrical apparatus whose declared product function is switching, protecting, isolating, earthing, voltage limiting, or making an electrical connection in a circuit with a rated voltage exceeding 1 000 V. It supports foreground data production for medium- and high-voltage apparatus used in grids, substations, and renewable-generation or storage interconnections. Covered technologies include, where sold as individual apparatus, circuit-breakers, switches, disconnectors, earthing switches, fuses and switch-fuse combinations, surge or voltage-limiting protective devices, and terminals or connectors.

The PCR is technology-neutral across air, vacuum, liquid, solid, and gas insulation or interruption. A data package shall identify the actual apparatus type and technology; it shall not use a gas-insulated switchgear example as a proxy for the whole category. The reference dataset is cradle-to-gate at the manufacturing plant. Installation, operation, maintenance, refurbishment, and end-of-life are outside that reference boundary, but the service-life and maintenance facts needed to construct those downstream scenarios are mandatory disclosures.

Complete metal-enclosed switchgear or controlgear assemblies, equipped boards, consoles, cabinets, prefabricated substations, and other system assemblies are excluded. Apparatus rated at or below 1 000 V, empty housings, bare conductors and cables, transformers, and installation services are also excluded.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.electrical-machinery-and-apparatus.electrical-apparatus-for-switching-or-protecting-electrical-circuits-or-for-making-conn-673753bb
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 46211 (exact)
covered_products	Complete individual switching, protection, isolation, earthing, voltage-limiting, and connection apparatus with rated voltage exceeding 1 000 V, including circuit-breakers, switches, disconnectors, earthing switches, fuses or switch-fuse combinations, surge protective devices, terminals, and connectors when sold as apparatus.
excluded_products	Complete equipped switchboards, switchgear/controlgear assemblies, cabinets, consoles, and prefabricated substations; apparatus rated at or below 1 000 V; empty enclosures; conductors and cables; transformers; installation services; and parts that do not independently perform the declared switching, protection, or connection function.
representative_product	A complete individual medium- or high-voltage switching, protection, or connection apparatus at the plant gate, specified by apparatus type and technology rather than by an assembled switchgear cabinet.
production_route	Supplier materials and components; in-house contact, conductor, insulation, mechanism, or terminal preparation where applicable; assembly and sealing or medium charging; factory routine testing; packing and dispatch.
market_state	Finished, manufactured, tested apparatus at the producing plant gate, before installation or integration into a switchgear assembly or substation.

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Manufacture of finished individual apparatus for switching, protecting, isolating, earthing, voltage limiting, or connecting a circuit rated above 1 000 V.
How much	1 kg net mass of finished apparatus at the plant gate, excluding separately reported transport packaging.
How well	The dataset shall declare apparatus function and type, AC or DC application, rated voltage, rated continuous current where applicable, making/breaking duty and short-circuit withstand where applicable, insulation and interruption technology, sealing design, and applicable product standard.
How long or cycle	One production-period output normalized to 1 kg. Comparative downstream use shall additionally declare designed service life, mechanical/electrical endurance or operating-cycle basis, maintenance interval and scope, and replacement or medium-refill scenario.
reference_flow_link	The mass-normalized reference flow represents production inventory only; convert to an item or service-life function using the measured net item mass and the declared performance, endurance, life, and maintenance profile.

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Electrical apparatus for switching or protecting electrical circuits, or for making connexions to or in electrical circuits, for a voltage exceeding 1000 V cf33015b-81bb-4bdf-8080-72e23c262f73
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	apparatus type and switching/protection/connection function; rated voltage and AC/DC system; rated frequency for AC apparatus; rated continuous current where applicable; rated short-circuit breaking and making duty where applicable; rated short-time and peak withstand current where applicable; insulation and interruption medium with chemical identity or technology; sealed-pressure or refillable design and declared leakage performance where applicable; net product mass; contact and conductor material identities and masses; other material-family masses; designed service life; mechanical/electrical endurance or operating-cycle basis; maintenance schedule, replaceable parts and medium top-up; factory medium charge and test-release records where applicable; applicable product standard; production geography and technology; packaging scope

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package. A rated value that does not apply to the selected apparatus type shall be marked not_applicable with the apparatus-specific reason; it shall not be silently omitted or recorded as zero.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	Reference product and all mass-normalized inventory	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Use measured net finished-product mass. Normalize foreground quantities to 1 kg net apparatus and report transport packaging separately.
item_to_mass	Item-based production, sales, test, and maintenance records	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Convert item records using measured net mass by model or declared configuration. Retain item count, configuration, measured mass, and conversion calculation.
medium_mass_balance	Fillable insulating or interruption media	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Record each gas or liquid by chemical identity or mixture and reconcile opening inventory, acquisitions, returns, product charge, off-site recycling/destruction, closing inventory, and measured transfers. Unreconciled loss is a direct release, not a zero flow.
performance_units	Nameplate and test performance	Declared engineering property	Original test or nameplate unit	Preserve the units and test basis used for rated voltage, current, breaking/making duty, short-time and peak withstand, leakage, endurance, and service life. Do not convert a missing rating into zero.
service_profile_conversion	Downstream item- or service-life comparison	Mass and declared service descriptors	kg per item or declared service	Convert the 1 kg production result only with measured model mass and a disclosed service-life, endurance, loading, maintenance, replacement, and leakage scenario. Mass-only results shall not be presented as performance-equivalent comparisons.

5. System Boundary

The reference system includes foreground operations from receipt of materials, components, insulating or interruption media, and utilities at the manufacturing site through component preparation performed by the manufacturer, assembly, sealing or filling, routine factory testing, packing, and release of the finished apparatus at the plant gate. Upstream production of purchased metals, contact materials, conductors, ceramics, polymers, composites, electronics, mechanisms, media, utilities, and packaging remains linked through supplier- and technology-specific background datasets. Capital goods are included only when required by the declared study framework and shall then be disclosed.

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_cradle_to_gate	Reference production dataset	Include all manufacturer-controlled preparation, assembly, sealing or medium charging, factory testing, packing, rejects, wastes, and direct releases up to plant-gate release. Link purchased inputs to upstream datasets rather than treating them as burden-free.	iec-ts-62271-320-2025; iso-14044-2006
boundary_category_identity	Product scope	Include only individual apparatus rated above 1 000 V that performs the declared switching, protection, isolation, earthing, voltage-limiting, or connection function. Exclude complete equipped switchgear/controlgear assemblies and cabinets.	iec-62271-1-2017-amd1-2021; iec-62271-200-2021-amd1-2024
boundary_medium_accounting	Gas- or liquid-insulated/interrupted apparatus	Include medium acquisition, charging, recovery, recycling or destruction transfers, releases during filling and factory tests, and medium contained in the delivered apparatus. Keep each medium or mixture chemically distinct.	iec-62271-4-2022; us-epa-40-cfr-98-subpart-ss
boundary_downstream_scenarios	Installation, use, maintenance, refurbishment, and end-of-life	Exclude downstream stages from the reference production result, but retain the product-specific service life, endurance, maintenance, replacement, contained-medium, leakage-performance, recovery, and material-disassembly facts needed to model them separately.	iec-ts-62271-320-2025; iec-62271-4-2022
boundary_market_regulation	Jurisdiction-specific downstream use	Apply current market rules only when the declared geography makes them applicable. For an EU scenario, disclose the insulating or breaking medium, GWP information, charge, leakage label or monitoring basis, commissioning date, voltage/current class, and any documented derogation; do not generalize EU restrictions as global default values.	eu-regulation-2024-573

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Receipt at the manufacturing site of supplier-specific metals, contact and conductor materials, insulation components, mechanisms, electronics, terminals, insulating or interruption media, utilities, and packaging, each with quantity and upstream dataset reference.
starting_condition_role	Foreground entry condition for manufacturer-controlled production; upstream extraction, refining, component production, and utility generation are represented by linked background datasets.
product_classification_scope	Individual apparatus within CPC 3.0 code 46211 and rated above 1 000 V; not complete equipped boards, cabinets, switchgear assemblies, or substations.
recursive_input_rule	A purchased input that itself falls within this product category shall use a supplier-specific upstream dataset or an explicitly separated earlier manufacturing process; the finished reference product flow shall never be reused as its own undifferentiated input.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Use geography-, technology-, and material-specific datasets for contact and conductor metals, structural metals, ceramics, polymers or composites, electronic/mechanical subassemblies, insulating or interruption media, electricity and fuels, and packaging. Disclose proxies and aggregation.
disclosure	Declare apparatus type, applicable standard, rated voltage/current and duty, insulation/interruption medium and sealing, contact/conductor and other BOM masses, net mass, production route, factory tests, medium balance and releases, service life/endurance, maintenance and replacement profile, packaging scope, geography, reporting period, allocation, and all excluded operations.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
parts_contact_preparation	In-house parts, contacts, conductors, insulation, mechanisms, or terminals preparation	conditional	Include every cutting, forming, machining, joining, plating, coating, moulding, curing, or cleaning operation controlled by the reporting manufacturer; otherwise represent purchased parts through supplier datasets.	Foreground component preparation	Measured prepared-part output transferred to assembly
assembly_sealing	Apparatus assembly, sealing, and medium charging	required	Always include assembly; include sealing, evacuation, drying, and medium charging only when used by the declared technology.	Foreground integration and medium management	Measured test-ready apparatus output
factory_testing	Routine factory inspection and testing	required	Include the routine inspection and functional, dielectric, mechanical, making/breaking, leak, or pressure tests actually performed for the declared apparatus and production release.	Foreground quality assurance	Measured conforming apparatus released to packing
packing_dispatch	Packing and plant-gate dispatch preparation	required	Include dispatch preparation for all products; record zero packaging only when the product is demonstrably delivered without transport packaging.	Foreground plant-gate completion	1 kg net finished apparatus plus separately reported packaging

Process: In-house parts, contacts, conductors, insulation, mechanisms, or terminals preparation (parts_contact_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

In-house preparation inputs by material and component (preparation_inputs)

Record each metal, contact alloy, conductor, ceramic, polymer, composite, mechanism, terminal, auxiliary, and coating or plating chemical that crosses into manufacturer-controlled preparation. Do not collapse contact or conductor materials into an unspecified total.

• Selected flow: Supplier- and material-specific product flow selected for each actual input; no generic UUID is prescribed by this PCR
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured issued-to-process mass adjusted for documented returns and stock change
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished apparatus
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_materials
• Sources: iec-ts-62271-320-2025
• Range: Foreground-observed normalized input range
  • Range role: Uncertainty range (uncertainty_range)
  • Lower: minimum observed normalized mass
  • Upper: maximum observed normalized mass
  • Unit: kg/kg net finished apparatus
  • Basis: model- or configuration-specific observed production records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

Preparation electricity and fuels (preparation_energy)

Record metered or allocated electricity and each fuel used by included forming, machining, joining, coating, curing, cleaning, and local exhaust operations. Preserve the actual energy carrier and supplier mix.

• Selected flow: Site- and supplier-specific electricity or fuel product flow
• Flow property / unit: Energy / measured billing or meter unit
• Amount rule: Metered consumption or documented physical allocation from a measured shop total
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured prepared-part output, then normalized to 1 kg net finished apparatus
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_utilities
• Range: Foreground-observed energy range
  • Range role: Uncertainty range (uncertainty_range)
  • Lower: minimum observed normalized energy
  • Upper: maximum observed normalized energy
  • Unit: original energy unit/kg net finished apparatus
  • Basis: observed reporting-period or production-campaign records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

Waste flows

Segregated preparation scrap and treatment outputs (preparation_scrap)

Record metal offcuts, contact-material residues, spent plating or coating materials, used process liquids, sludges, and other treatment-bound outputs separately by composition and destination.

• Selected flow: Composition- and treatment-specific waste flow selected from the current Tiangong flow library
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured waste shipment or container mass reconciled with stock change and documented internal recycling
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished apparatus
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_outputs
• Range: Foreground-observed waste range
  • Range role: Uncertainty range (uncertainty_range)
  • Lower: minimum observed normalized waste mass
  • Upper: maximum observed normalized waste mass
  • Unit: kg/kg net finished apparatus
  • Basis: composition-specific shipment and stock records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

Elementary flows

Record measured process emissions from included preparation operations when they cross directly to air, water, or soil. Do not duplicate emissions already represented in an upstream energy or material dataset.

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared parts transferred to assembly (prepared_parts_output)

Record the measured mass of conforming in-house prepared parts transferred to the assembly process, disaggregated by the material and component families needed to reconcile the BOM.

• Selected flow: Product-specific internal intermediate flow; UUID not prescribed
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured accepted transfer mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured prepared-part output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_materials

Waste flows

No additional required waste row beyond the segregated preparation outputs recorded above.

Elementary flows

No additional required elementary row beyond direct measured preparation emissions.

Process: Apparatus assembly, sealing, and medium charging (assembly_sealing)

Inputs

Product flows

Purchased and in-house components by BOM family (assembly_components)

Record the actual component and material inputs to the declared apparatus. Contact and conductor materials shall be identified separately from structural metals, insulation, mechanisms, electronics, terminals, fasteners, and auxiliaries; purchased modules shall retain supplier dataset references.

• Selected flow: Supplier-specific component/product flow or the declared internal prepared-parts flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: BOM quantity multiplied by measured mass, reconciled to issue, return, and stock records
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished apparatus
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_materials
• Sources: iec-ts-62271-320-2025
• Range: Foreground-observed BOM range
  • Range role: Uncertainty range (uncertainty_range)
  • Lower: minimum observed normalized component mass
  • Upper: maximum observed normalized component mass
  • Unit: kg/kg net finished apparatus
  • Basis: model- or configuration-specific BOM and measured-mass records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

Insulating or interruption medium charged (medium_charge_input)

For gas- or liquid-filled apparatus, record each medium and mixture component separately, including new, reclaimed, recycled, returned, and recovered quantities. For air, vacuum, or solid-insulated technologies without a fillable medium, record a descriptive not_applicable decision rather than an invented zero-mass product flow.

• Selected flow: Chemical- or mixture-specific medium product flow; UUID selected for the actual technology
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured container transfer, certified flow meter, or container mass difference before and after charging
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished apparatus of the declared technology
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_medium_mass_balance
• Sources: iec-62271-4-2022; us-epa-40-cfr-98-subpart-ss
• Range: Foreground-observed charge range
  • Range role: Uncertainty range (uncertainty_range)
  • Lower: minimum observed normalized charge
  • Upper: maximum observed normalized charge
  • Unit: kg medium/kg net finished apparatus
  • Basis: model- and medium-specific charging records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

Assembly, sealing, evacuation, and charging electricity (assembly_energy)

Record metered electricity and other utilities used for mechanical/electrical assembly, sealing, evacuation, drying, and medium charging. Separate technology-specific operations from general facility overhead where measurements allow.

• Selected flow: Site- and supplier-specific electricity or utility product flow
• Flow property / unit: Energy / measured meter unit
• Amount rule: Metered consumption or documented physical allocation from measured line or facility totals
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured test-ready apparatus output, then normalized to 1 kg net finished apparatus
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_utilities
• Range: Foreground-observed energy range
  • Range role: Uncertainty range (uncertainty_range)
  • Lower: minimum observed normalized energy
  • Upper: maximum observed normalized energy
  • Unit: original energy unit/kg net finished apparatus
  • Basis: observed reporting-period or production-campaign records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

Waste flows

Assembly rejects and spent auxiliaries (assembly_waste)

Record rejected parts, spent sealants, absorbents, filters, used containers, and other treatment-bound assembly outputs by composition and destination. Recovered medium remains a product transfer to recovery or recycling when it retains product status under the declared system, not an unqualified waste flow.

• Selected flow: Composition- and treatment-specific waste flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured waste shipment or container mass reconciled with stock change
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished apparatus
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_outputs
• Range: Foreground-observed waste range
  • Range role: Uncertainty range (uncertainty_range)
  • Lower: minimum observed normalized waste mass
  • Upper: maximum observed normalized waste mass
  • Unit: kg/kg net finished apparatus
  • Basis: composition-specific shipment and stock records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Test-ready assembled apparatus (test_ready_apparatus)

Record the measured net mass of assembled apparatus transferred to factory testing, together with the model, configuration, technology, and serial or batch identity.

• Selected flow: Product-specific internal intermediate flow; UUID not prescribed
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured accepted transfer mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured test-ready apparatus output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_product_output_mass

Waste flows

No additional required waste row beyond assembly rejects and spent auxiliaries.

Elementary flows

Insulating or interruption medium released during assembly and charging (assembly_medium_release)

For fillable media, report each directly released gas or volatile medium component separately. Calculate an unmeasured residual from the documented mass balance and do not assign it to a generic air-emission proxy.

• Selected flow: Substance-specific elementary flow selected for the actual released medium
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured release plus the process-attributed residual from the medium mass balance
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished apparatus of the declared technology
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_medium_mass_balance
• Sources: us-epa-40-cfr-98-subpart-ss
• Range: Physical mass-balance bounds
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: medium available to the process after measured transfers and stock change
  • Unit: kg medium/kg net finished apparatus
  • Basis: substance-specific process medium balance
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: us-epa-40-cfr-98-subpart-ss

Process: Routine factory inspection and testing (factory_testing)

Inputs

Product flows

Test-ready apparatus input (test_ready_input)

Record the test-ready apparatus received from assembly without substituting the finished reference product flow.

• Selected flow: Product-specific internal test-ready apparatus flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured transfer mass reconciled with accepted output, rejects, repairs, and stock change
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured conforming apparatus output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_product_output_mass

Factory test electricity and utilities (factory_test_energy)

Record electricity and utilities used by the actual routine test sequence. The test record shall identify which dielectric, mechanical, making/breaking, current-carrying, pressure, leak, and functional tests were performed or were not applicable to the apparatus type.

• Selected flow: Site- and supplier-specific electricity or utility product flow
• Flow property / unit: Energy / measured meter unit
• Amount rule: Metered test-cell consumption or documented physical allocation from measured test-facility totals
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured conforming apparatus output, then normalized to 1 kg net finished apparatus
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_factory_tests
• Sources: iec-62271-1-2017-amd1-2021; iec-62271-100-2021-amd1-2024; iec-62271-102-2018-amd1-2022
• Range: Foreground-observed test-energy range
  • Range role: Uncertainty range (uncertainty_range)
  • Lower: minimum observed normalized test energy
  • Upper: maximum observed normalized test energy
  • Unit: original energy unit/kg conforming apparatus
  • Basis: apparatus- and test-sequence-specific records
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

Waste flows

Outputs

Product flows

Conforming apparatus released to packing (conforming_apparatus)

Record only apparatus that passed the declared routine release tests. Retain the test report, rated values, measured net mass, medium charge, leak-test result where applicable, and disposition of failed units.

• Selected flow: Product-specific internal conforming-apparatus flow; UUID not prescribed
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured accepted output mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured conforming apparatus output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_factory_tests

Waste flows

Test rejects and replaced test-damaged parts (factory_test_rejects)

Record failed units or parts by disposition: repaired and returned to process, recycled, treated, or discarded. Do not count a repaired unit both as a waste output and as a conforming product.

• Selected flow: Composition- and treatment-specific waste flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured rejected mass net of documented repair returns
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished apparatus
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_outputs
• Range: Foreground-observed reject range
  • Range role: Uncertainty range (uncertainty_range)
  • Lower: minimum observed normalized reject mass
  • Upper: maximum observed normalized reject mass
  • Unit: kg/kg net finished apparatus
  • Basis: test-disposition and repair-return records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

Elementary flows

Insulating or interruption medium released during factory tests (test_medium_release)

Report measured venting, leaks, handling losses, and the test-process share of any unreconciled medium balance by substance. A passed leak test does not justify recording manufacturing or test releases as zero.

• Selected flow: Substance-specific elementary flow selected for the actual released medium
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured release plus test-process-attributed residual from the medium mass balance
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished apparatus of the declared technology
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_medium_mass_balance
• Sources: us-epa-40-cfr-98-subpart-ss
• Range: Physical mass-balance bounds
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: medium available to factory testing after measured transfers and stock change
  • Unit: kg medium/kg net finished apparatus
  • Basis: substance-specific test-process medium balance
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: us-epa-40-cfr-98-subpart-ss

Process: Packing and plant-gate dispatch preparation (packing_dispatch)

Inputs

Product flows

Conforming apparatus input (conforming_input)

Record the measured conforming apparatus transferred from factory testing.

• Selected flow: Product-specific internal conforming-apparatus flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured transfer mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per measured packed output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_product_output_mass

Transport packaging by material (transport_packaging)

Record pallets, crates, corrugated board, plastics, desiccants, and protective materials separately. Packaging is not part of the 1 kg net product reference amount and shall remain a separate inventory input.

• Selected flow: Material- and supplier-specific packaging product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured packaging mass by packed model or dispatch configuration
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net finished apparatus
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging
• Range: Foreground-observed packaging range
  • Range role: Uncertainty range (uncertainty_range)
  • Lower: minimum observed normalized packaging mass
  • Upper: maximum observed normalized packaging mass
  • Unit: kg packaging/kg net finished apparatus
  • Basis: model- and dispatch-configuration-specific packing records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

Waste flows

Record packing rejects and discarded packaging materials under cp_waste_outputs when they cross the foreground boundary.

Elementary flows

No category-specific elementary flow is prescribed; record direct measured releases if present.

Outputs

Product flows

Finished reference apparatus at plant gate (finished_reference_product)

This is the quantitative reference output. It excludes separately reported transport packaging and is released only after the declared factory tests pass.

• Selected flow: Electrical apparatus for switching or protecting electrical circuits, or for making connexions to or in electrical circuits, for a voltage exceeding 1000 V cf33015b-81bb-4bdf-8080-72e23c262f73
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: exactly 1 kg after normalization from measured net accepted product mass
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg net finished apparatus at plant gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Sources: iso-14044-2006
• Range: Reference normalization identity
  • Range role: Allowed range (allowed_range)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: iso-14044-2006

Waste flows

No additional required waste row beyond measured packing rejects.

Elementary flows

No category-specific elementary output is prescribed.

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivision	Multi-product production lines	First avoid allocation by subdividing metered processes and tracing model-, line-, batch-, test-cell-, and medium-handling records.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_physical_then_other	Unavoidable shared utilities and operations	When subdivision is not possible, use a documented causal physical driver such as machine time, test duration, processed mass, number of operations, or measured medium throughput. Use another relationship only when a physical relationship is not defensible, and disclose the rationale and sensitivity.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_recycling	Scrap, recovered medium, returned parts, and recycling credits	Keep gross input, internal return, external recovery, treatment transfer, and any substitution credit separate. State the selected recycling or end-of-life method and do not credit the same recovered material or medium twice.	iso-14044-2006; iec-62271-4-2022
allocation_medium_losses	Insulating or interruption medium balance	Attribute measured and residual medium releases to the operation and reporting period in which they occur. Do not allocate an unexplained mass-balance residual away from the foreground system or to the delivered product.	us-epa-40-cfr-98-subpart-ss

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_bom_materials	assembly_sealing	BOM materials, contacts, conductors, insulation, mechanisms, electronics, terminals, fasteners, and auxiliaries	BOM, routing, issue/return ledger, supplier specification, measured component mass	model/configuration; part id; material or substance; supplier flow; quantity per item; measured unit mass; issued mass; returned mass; stock change; recycled content claim	Reconcile engineering BOM with measured masses and production issue/return records; keep contact and conductor materials separate	kg and item	Each model/configuration and reporting period	Complete declared production period	All sites contributing included parts and assembly	Sum net input by material/part and divide by accepted net product mass	Approved BOM revision, calibrated scale records, supplier specification, and ledger reconciliation
cp_product_output_mass	packing_dispatch	Test-ready, conforming, and finished apparatus mass	Production, serial/batch, weighbridge or calibrated scale record	model/configuration; serial or batch; gross mass; tare; packaging mass; net product mass; accepted quantity; date	Measure net product mass by model/configuration and reconcile transfers, rejects, stock, and plant-gate release	kg and item	Each batch or statistically justified model sample with production-period reconciliation	Complete declared production period	All production and dispatch sites in scope	Sum accepted net mass; retain model mass for item-to-mass conversion; normalize to 1 kg	Calibration certificate, sampling plan where used, production release, and reconciliation
cp_energy_utilities	assembly_sealing	Electricity, fuels, compressed air, vacuum, heat, and other utilities	Meter, invoice, equipment log, and allocation-driver record	carrier; meter id; opening/closing reading; consumption; unit; process/line; operating time; accepted output; allocation driver	Use dedicated meters where available; otherwise allocate a measured total with a causal physical driver	Original meter unit and converted energy unit	Meter interval and reporting-period reconciliation	Complete declared production period or representative campaign with dates	All included foreground operations and sites	Subtract documented non-production use, allocate by declared driver, and normalize to accepted output	Meter calibration, invoices, completeness reconciliation, and allocation calculation
cp_medium_mass_balance	assembly_sealing	Insulating and interruption medium acquisition, charge, recovery, transfer, stock, and release	Cylinder/container weighing, certified flow meter, inventory, charging, recovery, test, shipment, recycling, and destruction records	substance/mixture; composition; container id; opening stock; acquisitions; returns; recovered amount; charge to product; delivered-in-product amount; supplier return; recycling/destruction transfer; closing stock; measured release; process attribution	Maintain a substance-specific mass balance; measure container transfer by certified meter or before/after mass; calculate and investigate residual loss	kg by substance or mixture	Each transfer plus reporting-period balance	Complete declared production period	All included storage, charging, testing, recovery, and off-site manufacturer activities before customer transfer	Opening stock + acquisitions + returns - delivered in product - supplier/recycling/destruction transfers - closing stock = release plus documented adjustment	Calibrated meter/scale, container log, product charge certificate, shipment/recovery receipt, and signed reconciliation
cp_waste_outputs	assembly_sealing	Scrap, rejects, spent auxiliaries, treatment outputs, and repair returns	Waste shipment, container weighing, production reject, repair, recycling, and stock records	composition; source process; gross/tare/net mass; destination; treatment; returned-to-process mass; stock change; hazardous classification	Weigh by segregated composition and reconcile waste, repair returns, internal recycling, and stock	kg	Each shipment or container and reporting-period reconciliation	Complete declared production period	All included foreground operations and sites	Sum net external output by composition and destination; exclude documented internal returns from external waste	Scale calibration, transfer note, treatment receipt, repair disposition, and mass reconciliation
cp_factory_tests	factory_testing	Rated values, test sequence, pass/fail, test energy, medium release, and leakage performance	Nameplate, design certificate, routine test report, test-cell meter, leak/pressure record, nonconformance and repair record	apparatus type; applicable standard; rated voltage/current/frequency; breaking/making and withstand ratings; test id; test basis; result; energy; medium transfer/release; leak result; failed/repaired disposition	Extract approved design and routine-test records; meter the test cell or physically allocate measured facility energy	Original engineering units, kWh or MJ, kg medium, kg product	Each tested unit or production batch as required by the applicable product standard	Complete declared production period	Every test facility releasing in-scope product	Aggregate energy and releases over conforming output; retain failures and repairs separately	Approved test procedure, calibrated instruments, signed test report, nonconformance closure, and release authorization
cp_packaging	packing_dispatch	Transport packaging by material and dispatch configuration	Packaging BOM, scale record, purchasing/issue ledger, and dispatch record	model/configuration; packaging material; item quantity; measured unit mass; reusable status; return rate where evidenced; packed units	Measure packaging by material for each dispatch configuration and reconcile with issue and dispatch records	kg and item	Each configuration and reporting period	Complete declared production period	All dispatch sites in scope	Sum packaging mass by material and divide by net dispatched product mass	Approved packaging specification, calibrated scale, issue ledger, and dispatch reconciliation
cp_life_maintenance_profile	factory_testing	Downstream service-life, endurance, maintenance, replacement, leakage, and recovery descriptors	Approved product specification, type-test evidence, maintenance manual, warranty/service plan, and jurisdiction-specific label or compliance record	designed service life; mechanical/electrical endurance; operation count basis; load profile; maintenance interval; replaceable parts and masses; medium top-up; declared/tested leakage performance; recovery instruction; applicable geography and regulation	Extract only product-specific approved values; record not_applicable with reason where a descriptor does not apply	Original engineering unit, years, operations, kg/item, and percent/time where declared	Each model/configuration revision	Current approved design and service documentation	Product configurations represented by the production dataset	Preserve configuration-specific values; do not average incompatible ratings or technologies	Approved specification, type/routine test evidence, maintenance instruction, label, and design-change control

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_normalize_reference_mass	All foreground inventory rows	normalized amount = reporting-period amount / accepted net finished-apparatus mass; the reference output is exactly 1 kg	reporting-period flow amount; accepted net product mass	amount per 1 kg net finished apparatus	iso-14044-2006
calc_item_to_mass	Item-based BOM, production, reject, test, and packaging records	mass = item count × measured unit mass for the same model/configuration; propagate sampling uncertainty when unit mass is sampled	item count; measured unit mass; model/configuration	kg by flow and model/configuration
calc_material_reconciliation	BOM, prepared parts, assembly, product, waste, and stock	reconcile gross input = contained product mass + external outputs + documented internal returns + stock change + investigated residual; report scope and residual	BOM/issue mass; product mass; wastes; returns; stock changes	reconciled material-family balance and residual	iso-14044-2006
calc_medium_release	Each insulating or interruption medium	release = opening stock + acquisitions + returned/recovered receipts - delivered-in-product - supplier/recycling/destruction transfers - closing stock, adjusted only for documented measurement corrections; report measured and residual components separately	substance-specific stock, acquisition, charge, shipment, recovery, transfer, and measurement records	kg released by substance and process attribution	us-epa-40-cfr-98-subpart-ss
calc_service_conversion	Optional downstream item or service-life result	production result per item = result per kg × measured net item mass; any service-life result additionally applies the disclosed life, endurance, operating, loss, maintenance, replacement, leakage, and recovery scenario without changing the cradle-to-gate reference result	mass-normalized result; item mass; service and maintenance profile	separately labelled item or service-life scenario result	iec-ts-62271-320-2025

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity_performance	Product identity and reference flow	Provide the full required qualifier set and demonstrate that rated voltage exceeds 1 000 V. Use the apparatus-specific standard and mark genuinely inapplicable ratings with reasons.	Approved nameplate/specification, classification record, design certificate, and test report
dq_bom_completeness	Materials and components	Reconcile BOM, supplier inputs, internal preparation, finished mass, wastes, returns, and stock. Separately report contact and conductor materials, insulation/interruption medium, structural materials, and electronics/mechanisms.	BOM revision, supplier specifications, mass records, and reconciliation
dq_medium_traceability	Fillable media and direct releases	Preserve substance or mixture identity and composition, product charge, measured transfers, contained amount, recovery/destruction destinations, and residual calculation. Do not use leakage-test performance as a substitute for actual manufacturing-period mass balance.	Container and meter records, charge certificate, leak test, recovery/destruction receipt, and mass balance
dq_temporal_geographic	Foreground activity	State reporting-period dates, sites, production geography, represented technologies and configurations, production volume, and any campaign extrapolation.	Production, meter, purchasing, and dispatch records
dq_service_maintenance	Downstream-use descriptors	Provide designed service life, endurance or operating-cycle basis, maintenance interval/scope, replaceable parts, medium top-up and leakage basis, and end-of-life recovery instruction by model/configuration.	Approved product specification, test evidence, maintenance manual, and service plan
dq_proxy_disclosure	Upstream and downstream modelling	Identify every proxy, aggregation, omitted process, and jurisdiction-specific assumption. Do not use a switchgear assembly or a low-voltage apparatus dataset as the product reference.	Dataset mapping log and documented reviewer decision

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_category_boundary	Product identity	Confirm that the product is individual switching/protection/connection apparatus rated above 1 000 V. Reject complete equipped switchgear/controlgear assemblies, cabinets, low-voltage apparatus, empty housings, conductors/cables, transformers, and installation services.	iec-62271-1-2017-amd1-2021; iec-62271-200-2021-amd1-2024
validate_reference_identity	Reference flow	Require product flow UUID cf33015b-81bb-4bdf-8080-72e23c262f73, Mass property UUID 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, Units of mass UUID 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66, unit kg, and exactly 1 kg normalized net product output.
validate_rated_characteristics	Required qualifiers	Require rated voltage above 1 000 V and the apparatus-applicable current, making/breaking, short-circuit withstand, insulation, frequency, and endurance declarations. A missing applicable rating is an error; an inapplicable field requires a reason.	iec-62271-1-2017-amd1-2021; iec-62271-100-2021-amd1-2024; iec-62271-102-2018-amd1-2022
validate_material_disclosure	BOM and mass balance	Require separate contact and conductor material identities and masses, insulation/interruption medium, structural material families, electronics/mechanisms, net product mass, wastes, returns, and stock changes. Reject an unspecified single total as complete BOM evidence.	iec-ts-62271-320-2025
validate_medium_and_leakage	Gas- or liquid-filled technology	Require medium identity/composition, opening and closing stock, acquisitions, charge, contained delivered mass, transfers to supplier/recycling/destruction, measured releases, residual calculation, seal design, and leak-test or monitoring basis. For non-fillable technology require an explicit not_applicable reason.	iec-62271-4-2022; us-epa-40-cfr-98-subpart-ss
validate_life_and_maintenance	Downstream scenario readiness	Require designed service life, mechanical/electrical endurance or operating-cycle basis, maintenance schedule and scope, replaceable parts, medium top-up and leakage basis where applicable, and recovery/disassembly instruction. Reject performance comparisons that use mass alone while these descriptors differ or are missing.	iec-ts-62271-320-2025; iec-62271-4-2022
validate_process_completeness	Foreground inventory	Require assembly/sealing, factory testing, packing/dispatch, any controlled parts preparation, all measured utilities, rejects/wastes, direct releases, and linked upstream datasets. Reconcile product, BOM, waste, medium, and stock records for the declared period.	iso-14044-2006; us-epa-40-cfr-98-subpart-ss
validate_allocation	Shared processes and recycling	Require subdivision or a documented causal allocation driver, separately reported recycling/recovery transfers, and no double credit. Report any non-physical allocation and sensitivity.	iso-14044-2006
validate_market_rules	Jurisdiction-specific use	When the dataset claims EU market applicability, validate current Regulation (EU) 2024/573 medium identity/GWP, charge, leakage label or monitoring, commissioning class/date, and derogation documentation. Otherwise label the check skipped rather than applying EU rules globally.	eu-regulation-2024-573
validate_source_traceability	Evidence and data quality	Require source ids for external method rules and retain calibration, BOM, test, medium-balance, maintenance, allocation, proxy, and dataset-version evidence sufficient for independent reproduction.	iso-14044-2006

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	secondary_dataset; background_dataset after review and publication
downstream_use	Production of a technology-, model-, geography-, and reporting-period-specific foreground package for individual >1 000 V switching/protection/connection apparatus; projection to process or lifecyclemodel records; optional installation, use, maintenance, and end-of-life scenarios kept separate from the cradle-to-gate reference result.
allowed_use	Cradle-to-gate inventory of a declared apparatus configuration; aggregation across compatible configurations with disclosed weighting; downstream item or service-life conversion when mass, ratings, technology, life, endurance, maintenance, leakage, replacement, and recovery assumptions are all declared.
excluded_use	Complete switchgear cabinet or substation modelling without added assembly-level data; low-voltage apparatus; mass-only performance comparison across unlike duties or lives; silent substitution of gas-insulated for air, vacuum, liquid, or solid technology; jurisdictional compliance claims without current evidence.
required_metadata	Canonical PCR id; CPC reference; product flow UUID; apparatus type/function; applicable standard; rated voltage, AC/DC and frequency; rated current and applicable making/breaking and withstand duties; insulation/interruption medium and seal design; contact/conductor and other BOM masses; net item mass; factory tests; production route/site/period/volume; packaging; designed service life and endurance; maintenance, replacement, medium top-up, leakage and recovery profile; allocation and proxy choices.
required_quality_disclosure	Primary-versus-secondary data share; BOM/mass and medium-balance residuals; meter/calibration status; configuration coverage; sampling and aggregation; temporal/geographic/technology representativeness; data gaps; proxies; inapplicable fields with reasons; allocation sensitivity; packaging scope; jurisdiction-specific checks performed or skipped.
update_trigger	Change in apparatus function or rating class, insulation/interruption medium or composition, sealing/leakage design, contact/conductor or major BOM, production route/site, applicable standard or regulation, test regime, designed life/endurance, maintenance/replacement profile, or evidence that materially changes the inventory.

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
iec-62271-1-2017-amd1-2021	standard	IEC 62271-1:2017+AMD1:2021, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 1: Common specifications for alternating current switchgear and controlgear. https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/32982 (retrieved 2026-08-09)	>1 000 V scope, common ratings/service-condition framework, and apparatus identity and test disclosures
iec-62271-100-2021-amd1-2024	standard	IEC 62271-100:2021+AMD1:2024, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 100: Alternating-current circuit-breakers. https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/62785 (retrieved 2026-08-09)	Circuit-breaker scope and direct making/breaking test applicability
iec-62271-102-2018-amd1-2022	standard	IEC 62271-102:2018+AMD1:2022, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 102: Alternating current disconnectors and earthing switches. https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/75708 (retrieved 2026-08-09)	Disconnector/earthing-switch scope, rating, short-circuit making, and endurance applicability
iec-62271-4-2022	standard	IEC 62271-4:2022, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 4: Handling procedures for gases for insulation and/or switching. https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/64701 (retrieved 2026-08-09)	Gas identity and handling across installation, operation, repair, overhaul, abnormal operation, and end-of-life
iec-ts-62271-320-2025	official_guidance	IEC TS 62271-320:2025, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 320: Environmental aspects and life cycle assessment rules for high-voltage switchgear and controlgear. https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/69010 (retrieved 2026-08-09)	Environmentally conscious design, LCA scope, lifecycle information, BOM, service, maintenance, and end-of-life disclosures
iec-62271-200-2021-amd1-2024	standard	IEC 62271-200:2021+AMD1:2024, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 200: AC metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV. https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/96236 (retrieved 2026-08-09)	Exclusion boundary for prefabricated metal-enclosed switchgear/controlgear assemblies
us-epa-40-cfr-98-subpart-ss	official_guidance	US EPA, Subpart SS Information Sheet — Manufacture of Electric Transmission and Distribution Equipment, 40 CFR 98.450–98.458. https://www.epa.gov/ghgreporting/subpart-ss-information-sheet (retrieved 2026-08-09)	Substance-specific insulating-gas mass balance, manufacturing/testing release accounting, charge and transfer records, and QA evidence
eu-regulation-2024-573	official_guidance	Regulation (EU) 2024/573 of 7 February 2024 on fluorinated greenhouse gases. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/573/oj/eng (retrieved 2026-08-09)	Conditional EU-market medium/GWP, charge, label, leakage/monitoring, commissioning, maintenance, recovery, and derogation disclosures
iso-14044-2006	standard	ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines. https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html (retrieved 2026-08-09)	Goal/scope, inventory, allocation, interpretation, reporting, and critical-review framework