Electric filament or discharge lamps; arc lamps

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers factory-gate production of complete electric light-source products whose light is generated by an incandescent filament, a fluorescent low-pressure discharge, another gas-discharge route, or an arc. It covers replaceable and self-ballasted lamps when the light source is the product being reported. The foreground package shall keep filament, fluorescent, other gas-discharge, and arc routes separate through data collection and may aggregate them only with a disclosed mass-weighted production mix.

Covered examples include conventional and halogen incandescent lamps; linear, compact, induction, cold-cathode, and other fluorescent lamps; mercury-vapour, metal-halide, high-pressure sodium, low-pressure discharge, xenon and other gas-discharge or arc lamps; and comparable special-purpose lamps when their route and application are declared.

This PCR excludes LED or OLED light sources, LED modules, luminaires and lighting fittings, portable lamps with their own power source, illuminated signs, lamp parts sold separately, ballasts or separate control gear sold separately, candles, and tungsten filament or other intermediate materials sold as products. A luminaire, a narrow lamp model, a component, or one lamp technology shall not represent the whole category.

The reference dataset is a cradle-to-factory-gate foreground production package. Distribution, installation, use electricity, maintenance, and end-of-life are outside this reference dataset and require separately declared downstream scenarios. The PCR may supply a manufacturing-stage input to a broader cradle-to-grave study, but it is not itself a comparative lighting-service claim.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.electrical-machinery-and-apparatus.electric-filament-or-discharge-lamps-arc-lamps
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 46510 — Electric filament or discharge lamps; arc lamps (exact scope reference)
covered_products	Complete filament lamps; fluorescent lamps; other gas-discharge lamps; arc lamps; route-declared special-purpose variants
excluded_products	LED/OLED light sources and modules; luminaires and lighting fittings; portable self-powered lamps; illuminated signs; separate lamp parts; separate control gear; candles; filament and other intermediates
representative_product	Mass-weighted production mix of saleable complete lamps at the manufacturer's factory gate, with every technology route retained as a separately measured stratum
production_route	filament_incandescent; filament_halogen; fluorescent_low_pressure; gas_discharge_non_fluorescent; or arc_lamp, with integrated control gear declared where present
market_state	Finished, tested, saleable complete lamp, with supplied packaging included as a separately reported manufacturing output

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Manufacture of complete electric filament, fluorescent, other gas-discharge, or arc lamps at the factory gate
How much	1 kg net mass of saleable complete lamps, excluding packaging mass
How well	Lamps meet the declared product specification and release tests for the declared route; rated luminous flux, power, lifetime basis, colour characteristics, cap/interface, application, and integrated-control-gear status are recorded
How long or cycle	One representative production reporting period; product lifetime and lighting service are qualifiers, not part of the 1 kg manufacturing reference amount
reference_flow_link	saleable_complete_lamps

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Electric filament or discharge lamps, arc lamps 73b0a95f-d108-410a-ba2e-fac299a73970
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	technology route and subtype; complete lamp rather than luminaire or part; integrated control gear yes/no and included mass; product mass and count-to-mass factor; envelope and arc-tube material; filament/electrode type; fill gas, metal vapour, halide, sodium and mercury presence and dose; phosphor/coating type where relevant; cap or electrical interface; rated input power; useful luminous flux; CRI; CCT or declared spectrum; rated life and test basis; special-purpose application; production geography; reporting period; production-mix weighting

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	saleable complete lamp output	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Normalize all manufacturing inputs and outputs to 1 kg net saleable lamp mass. Packaging is measured separately and is not included in the 1 kg denominator.
count_to_mass	production records reported as lamp count	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Convert count to mass using route-, model-, and reporting-period-specific measured net mass per lamp; retain the sample and weighing record.
energy_preservation	electricity, fuel, and thermal energy	Energy	kWh or MJ	Preserve measured energy carriers and units, convert only with documented factors, and report test/ageing energy separately when it is sub-metered or calculated.
mercury_and_fill_dose	mercury, metal halides, sodium, noble gases, and other fill materials	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Record actual batch input and product dose by route; do not infer a zero value from another route or from a regulatory threshold. Convert mg or g records to kg without rounding away trace quantities.
performance_qualifiers	product release and route identity	Route-specific declared property	declared test unit	Retain rated power, useful luminous flux, CRI, CCT or spectrum, rated life and test basis as qualifiers; do not convert the 1 kg manufacturing reference into lumen-hours without a separately declared comparative-use model.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased raw materials, components, subassemblies, fill materials, process chemicals, utilities, and packaging arrive at the foreground manufacturing boundary with route and supplier dataset identity declared
starting_condition_role	Cradle-to-gate upstream inputs to complete-lamp manufacturing
product_classification_scope	Complete products within the semantic scope of electric filament or discharge lamps and arc lamps; no LED, luminaire, part, or single-route proxy
recursive_input_rule	A purchased complete lamp within this same category is recorded as an upstream product input with its own route-specific dataset and is not re-expanded inside the receiving foreground process
upstream_dataset_requirement	Use supplier-specific datasets where available; otherwise use technologically, geographically, and temporally representative secondary datasets and disclose substitutions
disclosure	Declare included production sites, route shares, upstream dataset choices, cut-offs, allocation, packaging treatment, mercury and hazardous-substance handling, and all excluded life-cycle stages

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_manufacturing_stage	foreground manufacturing boundary	Include production and inbound transport of materials and components, envelope preparation, route-specific lamp fabrication, assembly, integrated control gear when supplied as part of the lamp, finishing, ageing and release testing, primary and secondary packaging, factory utilities, emissions, wastewater, rejects, and manufacturing-waste treatment to the declared hand-off point.	pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021; us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines
boundary_route_separation	technology coverage	Model filament, fluorescent, other gas-discharge, and arc-lamp operations as distinct strata. A mixed dataset shall retain route results and use measured production mass for aggregation. LED or luminaire data shall not fill a missing route.	eu-ecodesign-light-sources-2019-2020; welz-et-al-2011-lighting-lca
boundary_hazardous_materials	mercury and other hazardous or scarce constituents	Include trace fill materials, phosphors, electrode coatings, cleaning agents, mercury losses and captured residues regardless of ordinary mass cut-off when they may be hazardous or environmentally significant.	pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021; eu-mercury-regulation-2017-852-consolidated; eu-mercury-products-inventory-2019
boundary_downstream_exclusion	distribution, installation, use, and end-of-life	Exclude downstream stages from this manufacturing reference dataset; if they are added in a lifecycle model, use separate route- and geography-specific scenarios and do not merge them into the factory-gate inventory.	pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021; us-epa-universal-waste-lamps

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
component_supply	Material, component, and inbound-logistics receipt	required	Always	Upstream component and material entry to the foreground boundary	Per kg accepted material or component delivered
envelope_preparation	Glass or ceramic envelope and arc-tube preparation	required	Always; operations vary by route and purchased-component state	Cleaning, forming, coating preparation, and conditioned envelope output	Per kg prepared envelope or arc tube
filament_lamp_assembly	Filament lamp assembly, evacuation, filling, and sealing	conditional	technology_route is filament_incandescent or filament_halogen	Filament-route foreground production	Per kg sealed filament-lamp assembly
fluorescent_lamp_assembly	Fluorescent coating, mount assembly, filling, and sealing	conditional	technology_route is fluorescent_low_pressure	Fluorescent-route foreground production	Per kg sealed fluorescent-lamp assembly
discharge_arc_lamp_assembly	Non-fluorescent discharge or arc-tube assembly, dosing, and sealing	conditional	technology_route is gas_discharge_non_fluorescent or arc_lamp	Discharge- and arc-route foreground production	Per kg sealed discharge or arc-lamp assembly
control_gear_integration	Integrated ballast or control-gear assembly	conditional	Control gear is physically integrated in the complete lamp	Integrated electronics and housing assembly	Per kg integrated lamp assembly
finishing_testing_packaging	Cap attachment, finishing, ageing, release testing, and packaging	required	Always	Final manufacture and saleable product release	Per kg net saleable complete lamps

Process: Material, component, and inbound-logistics receipt (component_supply)

Inputs

Product flows

Purchased lamp materials and components (purchased_materials_components)

Record accepted quantities of envelope glass or quartz, ceramic arc tubes, filaments, electrodes, lead wires, mounts, caps, cements, phosphors, fill materials, electronic components, housings, and packaging by route and supplier.

• Selected flow: Route-specific purchased lamp materials and components
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Accepted mass from purchase, warehouse, and batch-issue records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable complete lamps
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_component_batch
• Sources: pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021; us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines

Inbound transport service (inbound_transport)

Record supplier-to-site distance, mode, payload, and delivered mass for materials, components, subassemblies, fill materials, and packaging.

• Selected flow: Freight transport service
• Flow property / unit: Transport service / tkm
• Amount rule: Delivered tonnes multiplied by supplier-to-site distance for each mode and shipment
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable complete lamps
• Basis kind: Transport service (transport_service)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_transport_records
• Sources: pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted route-specific materials and components (accepted_materials_components)

Accepted materials and components are transferred to the relevant preparation or assembly process without collapsing route identity.

• Selected flow: Accepted lamp materials and components
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Accepted input mass net of receipt rejects and inventory change
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg accepted material or component
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_component_batch
• Sources: pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021

Waste flows

Receipt rejects and damaged components (receipt_rejects)

Record damaged envelopes, out-of-specification components, spill residues, and packaging discarded at receipt by treatment route.

• Selected flow: Route-specific receipt waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed rejected mass by waste code and destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable complete lamps
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_log
• Sources: pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021

Elementary flows

Process: Glass or ceramic envelope and arc-tube preparation (envelope_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Envelope and arc-tube stock (envelope_stock)

Record glass bulbs, glass tubing, quartz envelopes, ceramic arc tubes, and related parts entering preparation, with material and route declared.

• Selected flow: Glass or ceramic lamp envelope stock
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Batch-issued mass from production records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared envelope or arc tube
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_component_batch
• Sources: us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines; ams-osram-xbo-short-arc-lca

Cleaning, coating, and forming materials (envelope_process_materials)

Record process water, deionized water, detergents, acids, solvents, binders, lacquers, tin compounds, silica coatings, and other consumed process materials; non-applicable materials are reported as not used, not as inferred zeroes.

• Selected flow: Envelope preparation water and process chemicals
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered or batch-issued amount by material and route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared envelope or arc tube
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_chemical_batch
• Sources: us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines

Envelope preparation energy (envelope_energy)

Record electricity and fuels used for forming, rinsing, drying, baking, annealing, coating, cleaning, and ventilation.

• Selected flow: Electricity and thermal energy carriers
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh or MJ
• Amount rule: Sub-metered consumption or documented equipment-energy calculation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared envelope or arc tube
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_meter
• Sources: pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021; us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared envelope or arc tube (prepared_envelope)

Record route-specific prepared, cleaned, and where applicable coated envelope mass released to assembly.

• Selected flow: Prepared lamp envelope or arc tube
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured output mass accepted for assembly
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared envelope or arc tube
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_production_output
• Sources: us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines

Waste flows

Envelope rejects and wastewater (envelope_waste)

Record broken or rejected glass/ceramic, spent coating or cleaning solutions, filter residues, and wastewater separately by treatment destination.

• Selected flow: Envelope preparation wastes and wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed solid waste and metered wastewater with concentration records retained separately
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared envelope or arc tube
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_log
• Sources: us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines

Elementary flows

Envelope-preparation releases (envelope_releases)

Record measured or permit-calculated releases from coating, drying, cleaning, acid treatment, combustion, and ventilation to air or water.

• Selected flow: Substance-specific emissions to air or water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Monitored release or documented mass-balance/permit calculation by substance and compartment
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared envelope or arc tube
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_release_monitoring
• Sources: us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines

Process: Filament lamp assembly, evacuation, filling, and sealing (filament_lamp_assembly)

Inputs

Product flows

Filament-route assembly components (filament_components)

Record the prepared envelope, tungsten filament or halogen filament assembly, electrodes, lead wires, mount, cap, getter, cement, and route-specific auxiliary materials.

• Selected flow: Filament-lamp assembly components
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Batch-issued mass by material and product model
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg sealed filament-lamp assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_component_batch
• Sources: us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines; welz-et-al-2011-lighting-lca

Filament-route fill materials (filament_fill)

Record inert gases and halogen compounds actually charged; keep formulation and dose linked to the product route and batch.

• Selected flow: Filament-lamp fill gases and halogen compounds
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Charged mass from cylinder, dosing, and batch records net of inventory change
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg sealed filament-lamp assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_fill_dose
• Sources: us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines

Filament-route process energy (filament_energy)

Record electricity and fuels for mounting, evacuation, gas filling, flame sealing, annealing, ventilation, and in-process checks.

• Selected flow: Electricity and thermal energy carriers
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh or MJ
• Amount rule: Sub-metered consumption or documented equipment-energy calculation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg sealed filament-lamp assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_meter
• Sources: us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Sealed filament lamp assembly (sealed_filament_lamp)

Record accepted sealed incandescent or halogen lamp assemblies by subtype without combining them with discharge routes.

• Selected flow: Sealed filament lamp assembly
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Accepted output mass before common finishing and packaging
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg sealed filament-lamp assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_production_output
• Sources: us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines

Waste flows

Filament-route rejects (filament_rejects)

Record rejected filaments, mounts, sealed lamps, glass, metal, getter, cement, and captured residues by treatment route.

• Selected flow: Filament-route manufacturing waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed waste and reject mass by material and destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg sealed filament-lamp assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_log
• Sources: us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines

Elementary flows

Process: Fluorescent coating, mount assembly, filling, and sealing (fluorescent_lamp_assembly)

Inputs

Product flows

Fluorescent-route assembly components (fluorescent_components)

Record prepared glass tubes, phosphors and binders, electrode mounts, lead wires, exhaust tubes, starting devices, caps, cement, silicone or other coatings, and integrated parts by product subtype.

• Selected flow: Fluorescent-lamp assembly components and coating materials
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Batch-issued mass by material, formulation, and product model
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg sealed fluorescent-lamp assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_component_batch
• Sources: us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines; us-doe-critical-materials-strategy-2011; welz-et-al-2011-lighting-lca

Fluorescent fill and mercury dose (fluorescent_fill_mercury)

Record inert-gas charge and mercury input from actual dosing records; retain product-contained mercury, recovered mercury, waste mercury, and unaccounted loss as separate balance terms.

• Selected flow: Fluorescent-lamp fill gas and mercury
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Batch input net of inventory change, measured product dose, recovered material, and waste records
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg sealed fluorescent-lamp assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_mercury_fill_balance
• Sources: eu-ecodesign-light-sources-2019-2020; eu-mercury-regulation-2017-852-consolidated; us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines

Fluorescent-route process energy (fluorescent_energy)

Record electricity and fuels for coating circulation, drying, baking, mount assembly, evacuation, filling, sealing, ventilation, and in-process checks.

• Selected flow: Electricity and thermal energy carriers
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh or MJ
• Amount rule: Sub-metered consumption or documented equipment-energy calculation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg sealed fluorescent-lamp assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_meter
• Sources: us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Sealed fluorescent lamp assembly (sealed_fluorescent_lamp)

Record accepted sealed fluorescent lamp assemblies by subtype and integrated-control-gear state.

• Selected flow: Sealed fluorescent lamp assembly
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Accepted output mass before common finishing and packaging
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg sealed fluorescent-lamp assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_production_output
• Sources: us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines

Waste flows

Fluorescent-route hazardous waste and rejects (fluorescent_waste)

Record off-specification lamps, phosphor residues, mercury-contaminated filters and cleaning materials, coating waste, glass, metals, electronics, and wastewater by hazardous classification and destination.

• Selected flow: Fluorescent-lamp manufacturing waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed waste and reject mass by material, hazardous status, and treatment destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg sealed fluorescent-lamp assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_log
• Sources: us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines; us-epa-universal-waste-lamps

Elementary flows

Fluorescent-route releases (fluorescent_releases)

Record mercury, solvent, combustion, coating, and wastewater releases by substance and environmental compartment; reconcile mercury releases to the batch balance.

• Selected flow: Substance-specific emissions to air or water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Monitored release or documented calculation reconciled with fill-material and waste balances
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg sealed fluorescent-lamp assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_release_monitoring
• Sources: us-epa-mercury-emissions-lamp-manufacture; us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines

Process: Non-fluorescent discharge or arc-tube assembly, dosing, and sealing (discharge_arc_lamp_assembly)

Inputs

Product flows

Discharge or arc-route assembly components (discharge_arc_components)

Record prepared glass, quartz or ceramic envelope/arc tube, electrodes, mounts, lead wires, caps, cements, getters, outer bulbs, reflectors supplied as part of the lamp, and route-specific components.

• Selected flow: Non-fluorescent discharge or arc-lamp assembly components
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Batch-issued mass by material, route, and product model
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg sealed discharge or arc-lamp assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_component_batch
• Sources: us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines; eu-mercury-products-inventory-2019; ams-osram-xbo-short-arc-lca

Discharge or arc fill materials (discharge_arc_fill)

Record actual charge of noble gases, sodium, mercury, metal halides and other vapours or additives by route. Mercury-free xenon or other lamps report measured formulation evidence rather than inheriting a mercury value from another arc route.

• Selected flow: Route-specific discharge or arc fill materials
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Batch input net of inventory change, measured product dose, recovery, waste, and documented losses
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg sealed discharge or arc-lamp assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_mercury_fill_balance
• Sources: eu-ecodesign-light-sources-2019-2020; eu-mercury-products-inventory-2019; eu-mercury-regulation-2017-852-consolidated; ams-osram-xbo-short-arc-lca

Discharge or arc-route process energy (discharge_arc_energy)

Record electricity and fuels for electrode production when foreground, arc-tube assembly, evacuation, dosing, sealing, annealing, cleaning, ventilation, and in-process testing.

• Selected flow: Electricity and thermal energy carriers
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh or MJ
• Amount rule: Sub-metered consumption or documented equipment-energy calculation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg sealed discharge or arc-lamp assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_meter
• Sources: us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines; ams-osram-xbo-short-arc-lca

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Sealed discharge or arc lamp assembly (sealed_discharge_arc_lamp)

Record accepted assemblies separately for mercury vapour, metal halide, sodium, xenon, other discharge, and other arc subtypes.

• Selected flow: Sealed non-fluorescent discharge or arc-lamp assembly
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Accepted output mass before common finishing and packaging
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg sealed discharge or arc-lamp assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_production_output
• Sources: us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines

Waste flows

Discharge or arc-route hazardous waste and rejects (discharge_arc_waste)

Record rejected arc tubes and lamps, fill-material residues, contaminated cleaning media and filters, glass/quartz/ceramic, metals, and other wastes by hazardous classification and treatment destination.

• Selected flow: Discharge or arc-lamp manufacturing waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed waste and reject mass by material, hazardous status, and treatment destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg sealed discharge or arc-lamp assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_log
• Sources: us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines; us-epa-universal-waste-lamps

Elementary flows

Discharge or arc-route releases (discharge_arc_releases)

Record fill-material, cleaning, combustion, acid-treatment, and ventilation releases by substance and compartment; reconcile mercury-bearing routes to their batch balance.

• Selected flow: Substance-specific emissions to air or water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Monitored release or documented calculation reconciled with fill-material and waste balances
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg sealed discharge or arc-lamp assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_release_monitoring
• Sources: us-epa-mercury-emissions-lamp-manufacture; us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines

Process: Integrated ballast or control-gear assembly (control_gear_integration)

Inputs

Product flows

Integrated control-gear components (integrated_control_components)

Record ballast or control electronics, magnetic components, printed circuit boards, wiring, housing, potting, and other parts only when physically integrated into the complete lamp.

• Selected flow: Integrated lamp control-gear components
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Batch-issued component mass for integrated-lamp models
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg integrated lamp assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_component_batch
• Sources: eu-ecodesign-light-sources-2019-2020; welz-et-al-2011-lighting-lca

Control-gear integration energy (control_integration_energy)

Record electricity and thermal energy for electronics assembly, soldering, potting, housing assembly, and in-process electrical checks.

• Selected flow: Electricity and thermal energy carriers
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh or MJ
• Amount rule: Sub-metered consumption or documented equipment-energy calculation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg integrated lamp assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_meter
• Sources: pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Integrated lamp assembly (integrated_lamp_assembly)

Record the complete pre-finish lamp assembly including physically integrated control gear and its mass.

• Selected flow: Integrated complete lamp assembly before finishing
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Accepted output mass including integrated control gear
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg integrated lamp assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_production_output
• Sources: eu-ecodesign-light-sources-2019-2020

Waste flows

Electronics and assembly waste (control_gear_waste)

Record rejected components, soldering residues, offcuts, potting waste, and failed integrated assemblies by treatment destination.

• Selected flow: Integrated control-gear manufacturing waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed waste and reject mass by material and destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg integrated lamp assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_log
• Sources: pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021

Elementary flows

Process: Cap attachment, finishing, ageing, release testing, and packaging (finishing_testing_packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Route-specific lamp assemblies (lamp_assemblies_for_finishing)

Record accepted assemblies from the applicable route process and retain route and subtype identity through finishing.

• Selected flow: Route-specific lamp assembly before finishing
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Accepted transferred mass by route and product model
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable complete lamps
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_production_output
• Sources: us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines

Finishing, test, and packaging inputs (finishing_packaging_inputs)

Record caps or interfaces not previously attached, cement and finishing materials, test electricity, labels, manuals, primary packaging, and secondary packaging.

• Selected flow: Finishing materials, test energy, and packaging
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg and Energy / kWh or MJ
• Amount rule: Batch-issued materials and packaging plus metered or calculated test energy
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable complete lamps
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_test_packaging
• Sources: pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021; us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Saleable complete lamps (saleable_complete_lamps)

This is the PCR reference product. Report net lamp mass separately from supplied packaging and retain route-stratified mass and count.

• Selected flow: Electric filament or discharge lamps, arc lamps 73b0a95f-d108-410a-ba2e-fac299a73970
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg net saleable complete lamp output by reference-flow normalization
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg net saleable complete lamps
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Sources:

Supplied packaging (supplied_packaging)

Report primary and secondary packaging supplied with the 1 kg net lamp output as a separate product-associated flow.

• Selected flow: Supplied packaging by material
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured packaging mass supplied with the reference output
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable complete lamps
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_test_packaging
• Sources: pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021

Waste flows

Test failures and finishing waste (finishing_test_waste)

Record failed lamps, broken envelopes, spent test items, finishing residues, and packaging waste by route, hazardous status, and destination.

• Selected flow: Finishing, testing, and packaging waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed waste and reject mass by material, route, and destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable complete lamps
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_log
• Sources: pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021; us-epa-universal-waste-lamps

Elementary flows

Ageing and test releases (test_releases)

Record measured releases from lamp breakage, burn-in, ageing, test ventilation, and associated combustion or electricity generation only when they cross the foreground environmental boundary directly.

• Selected flow: Substance-specific emissions to air or water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Monitored release or documented calculation by substance and compartment
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable complete lamps
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_release_monitoring
• Sources: us-epa-mercury-emissions-lamp-manufacture

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid_by_subdivision	route-specific and multi-product manufacturing	First subdivide metered processes and production records by filament, fluorescent, other discharge, arc, and integrated-control-gear route. Keep dedicated coating, dosing, electrode, arc-tube, ageing, and waste-treatment lines with their measured products.	pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021
allocation_physical_relationship	unavoidable shared utilities and processes	Where subdivision is not feasible, use the physical parameter that best represents causality: metered operating time or equipment load for energy, processed mass for handling, processed surface area for route-specific wet treatment when documented, and item count only when product size and mass are sufficiently homogeneous.	pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021; us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines
allocation_mass_weighted_mix	category production mix	Aggregate route-specific results only by net mass of conforming saleable output during the same reporting period. Preserve every route result and its weight; do not use market share, sales revenue, lamp count, LED production, or a single product as an undisclosed proxy.	pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021; welz-et-al-2011-lighting-lca
allocation_recycling_no_credit	manufacturing scrap and recovered material	Report treatment inputs and outputs within the manufacturing waste chain to the declared hand-off point. Do not subtract an avoided-burden recycling credit from the factory-gate inventory; any beyond-boundary credit belongs in a separately declared lifecycle scenario.	pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_component_batch	component_supply; envelope_preparation; route assembly processes; control_gear_integration	material and component input/output	purchase, warehouse, bill-of-material, and batch issue records	item id; route; supplier; opening/closing inventory; purchased; issued; returned; rejected; measured mass; lot	Reconcile warehouse and batch records to production orders and weigh representative components where records are count-based	kg and item	Each batch, aggregated for reporting period	Same reporting period as reference output	Every included production site and outsourced foreground operation	Sum net accepted or issued mass by material, route, model, and site; normalize by route output mass	Calibrated scale records; inventory reconciliation; supplier specification; production order
cp_transport_records	component_supply	inbound transport	shipment and freight records	origin; destination; mode; distance; delivered mass; payload; empty return rule	Use shipment documents and route distance evidence; separate modes and suppliers	tkm	Each shipment, aggregated for reporting period	Same reporting period as material receipt	All inbound flows included in foreground boundary	Sum delivered tonnes multiplied by distance for each mode	Freight invoice; bill of lading; route evidence
cp_water_chemical_batch	envelope_preparation	process water and chemicals	meter, purchase, tank, and batch records	substance; concentration; opening/closing stock; purchased; charged; recovered; discarded; meter reading	Reconcile meters and material balances to preparation batches	kg, m3, or L with density/concentration	Each batch or meter interval	Representative operating period covering included routes	Each preparation line and site	Convert to substance mass; aggregate by route and normalize by prepared output mass	Calibrated meter; batch sheet; laboratory concentration; stock reconciliation
cp_energy_meter	all foreground processes	electricity, fuel, and thermal energy	sub-meter, utility, fuel, and equipment operating records	carrier; meter start/end; fuel quantity; operating time; load; allocation driver; site	Prefer sub-metering; otherwise calculate from documented rated load and measured operating time with shared loads allocated causally	kWh or MJ	Meter interval or production batch	Representative operating period covering production variability	Each included site and process line	Sum by carrier, process, route, and site; normalize by corresponding output	Meter calibration; utility invoice reconciliation; equipment log
cp_fill_dose	filament_lamp_assembly	inert gas and halogen charge	cylinder, dosing, and batch records	substance; cylinder/tank mass; opening/closing stock; charged quantity; recovered quantity; batch; model	Gravimetric or validated dosing-system balance	kg, g, or mg converted to kg	Each batch	Same reporting period as route output	Each dosing line and site	Net charged mass divided by accepted route output mass	Dosing calibration; cylinder weigh ticket; batch reconciliation
cp_mercury_fill_balance	fluorescent_lamp_assembly; discharge_arc_lamp_assembly	mercury and other fill-material input, product content, recovery, waste, and loss	secure inventory, dosing, product test, recovery, waste, and release records	substance; opening/closing inventory; purchased; charged; product-contained; recovered; waste; air release; water release; unaccounted balance; batch; route	Closed material balance with calibrated dosing and independent waste/release records	kg, g, or mg converted to kg	Each batch with period reconciliation	Same reporting period as route output	Every included mercury or metal-vapour dosing operation	Input plus opening stock minus closing stock equals product content plus recovery, waste, and environmental releases; investigate residual	Dosing calibration; secure inventory; product assay or engineering dose verification; waste manifest; release monitoring
cp_production_output	all foreground processes	accepted intermediate and saleable output	production order, count, mass, quality release, and transfer records	route; subtype; model; count; gross/net mass; packaging mass; accepted; rejected; transfer; release status	Weigh output or apply a validated route/model count-to-mass factor with periodic re-weighing	kg and item	Each batch or shift	Same reporting period as inventory inputs	Every included site and route	Sum accepted net mass by route/model; retain reject mass and reconcile transfers	Calibrated scale; release record; count-to-mass sample
cp_waste_log	all foreground processes	waste and rejects	waste log, scale ticket, hazardous-waste manifest, and treatment receipt	process; route; substance/material; hazardous code; mass; destination; recovery/treatment; date	Weigh at hand-off and reconcile internal reject records to external receipts	kg	Each waste movement, aggregated for reporting period	Same reporting period as production	Every included site and contractor hand-off	Sum by process, route, material, hazard class, and destination	Scale ticket; manifest; contractor receipt; internal reject record
cp_release_monitoring	envelope_preparation; fluorescent/discharge/arc assembly; finishing_testing_packaging	emissions to air and water	stack, workplace capture, wastewater, permit, incident, and mass-balance records	substance; compartment; concentration; flow; duration; method; detection limit; incident quantity; calculation inputs	Use direct monitoring where required; otherwise apply a documented calculation to collected activity records and reconcile mercury-bearing releases	kg substance	Monitoring event, batch, or permit interval	Same reporting period as production	Every included direct emission point and incident	Sum mass by substance, compartment, process, route, and site	Laboratory report; calibrated monitor; permit report; incident record; calculation audit
cp_finishing_test_packaging	finishing_testing_packaging	finishing material, test energy, packaging, and release performance	bill of material, packaging specification, meter, test, ageing, and quality-release records	model; route; finishing material; packaging material/mass; test electricity; burn-in time; rated power; luminous flux; CRI; CCT/spectrum; rated life; cap/interface; pass/fail	Link finishing and test records to released production lots and weigh supplied packaging separately	kg, kWh, W, lm, h, K, and declared test units	Each lot, aggregated for reporting period	Same reporting period as saleable output	Every finishing and release-test operation	Sum inventory flows by lot and mass-weight performance qualifiers only when a mix is explicitly reported	Test equipment calibration; packaging weigh record; release certificate; product specification

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	every inventory row	Normalized amount = reporting-period process amount / reporting-period net mass of conforming saleable complete lamps attributable to that process and route.	Process amount; accepted route output mass; transfer and reject reconciliation	Amount per 1 kg net saleable complete lamps	pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021
calc_count_to_mass	count-based lamp and component records	Mass = accepted count × measured mean net mass per item for the same route, model, site, and reporting period; update the factor after a design or supplier change.	Count; sampled item masses; model and route identifiers	kg and documented conversion factor	pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021
calc_material_balance	materials and components	Net consumed mass = opening inventory + receipts − closing inventory − returns − recovered material transferred out; reconcile against product, waste, and measured release terms.	Inventory, purchase, return, recovery, product, waste, and release records	Net material input and balance residual	pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021
calc_mercury_balance	mercury-bearing routes	Mercury input + opening stock − closing stock = product-contained mercury + recovered mercury + mercury in waste + air release + water release + documented residual. A negative or unexplained residual fails validation.	Secure mercury inventory; dose; product content; recovery; waste; release records	Route-specific mercury inventory and residual	eu-mercury-regulation-2017-852-consolidated; us-epa-mercury-emissions-lamp-manufacture
calc_route_mix	mixed category dataset	Mixed amount = sum(route normalized amount × route net saleable mass) / sum(route net saleable mass). Publish route weights and separate route results with the aggregate.	Route-specific normalized results; route net saleable masses	Mass-weighted category production mix	pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021; welz-et-al-2011-lighting-lca
calc_transport_service	inbound transport	Transport service = delivered mass in tonnes × route distance in km for each mode and shipment; sum by mode.	Shipment mass; distance; mode	tkm by transport mode	pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021
calc_emission_from_monitoring	monitored releases	Released mass = measured concentration × measured flow × duration, with unit conversions and below-detection treatment declared; incident quantities are added separately.	Concentration; flow; duration; detection limit; incident record	kg substance by compartment	us-epa-mercury-emissions-lamp-manufacture; us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity_scope	reference product and route	Demonstrate that output is a complete filament, fluorescent, other discharge, or arc lamp, not an LED/OLED source, luminaire, part, separate control gear, candle, or filament intermediate.	Product specification, CPC scope record, bill of materials, route declaration, product photograph or drawing
dq_temporal	foreground records	Use one consistent, representative reporting period; state dates, shutdowns, missing intervals, abnormal campaigns, and any adjustment.	Meter coverage report, production calendar, reconciliation statement
dq_geographic	foreground and secondary data	Identify every production site and supplier geography; document geographic substitutions for upstream datasets and energy mixes.	Site list, supplier record, dataset metadata, electricity-source record
dq_technology	all route-specific data	Preserve technology route, subtype, envelope/arc-tube material, fill formulation, integrated-control-gear state, and relevant process configuration. Do not transfer data between routes without a documented engineering equivalence review.	Route matrix, process-flow diagram, bill of materials, equipment list, equivalence review
dq_completeness	mass, energy, water, waste, and releases	Reconcile purchased/issued material, product, rejects, waste, recovery, releases, and inventory changes; document cut-offs and never use cut-off to omit hazardous or environmentally significant constituents.	Material balances, utility reconciliation, waste manifests, release report, cut-off register
dq_hazardous_materials	mercury, phosphors, metal halides, sodium, electrode coatings, acids, and solvents	Retain substance identity, concentration or dose, batch linkage, recovery, waste destination, and environmental releases. Regulatory thresholds may be QA checks but shall not replace measured foreground quantities.	Safety data sheet, dosing record, laboratory result, secure inventory, waste manifest, permit report
dq_performance	required qualifiers	Link rated power, luminous flux, CRI, CCT/spectrum, rated life/test basis, cap/interface, and application to the same product model and production lot represented by the inventory.	Product specification, calibrated release-test result, lot linkage
dq_secondary_data	upstream datasets	Select the most representative verified dataset available and assess temporal, geographic, and technological representativeness, completeness, consistency, reproducibility, source, and uncertainty.	Dataset quality assessment and substitution log
dq_uncertainty	calculated and allocated values	Document meter accuracy, sampling variation, count-to-mass variation, allocation drivers, below-detection treatment, and balance residuals; identify material contributors to uncertainty.	Calibration certificates, sample statistics, calculation workbook, uncertainty statement

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	reference flow	Require flow UUID 73b0a95f-d108-410a-ba2e-fac299a73970, Product flow, state 100 identity evidence, CPC 46510 scope, Mass UUID 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, Units of mass UUID 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66, and unit kg.
validate_product_exclusions	product identity	Fail if the reference output is an LED/OLED light source or module, luminaire, lighting fitting, portable self-powered lamp, illuminated sign, lamp part, separate control gear, candle, tungsten filament, or other intermediate.	eu-ecodesign-light-sources-2019-2020
validate_route_declared	every foreground package	Require exactly one declared route for a route-specific package, or a complete route list with mass weights for a mixed package. At least one matching conditional route process must be present.	eu-ecodesign-light-sources-2019-2020; us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines
validate_no_single_route_proxy	mixed category dataset	Fail a category-wide claim if any filament, fluorescent, other discharge, or arc route in scope is represented by LED, luminaire, component, or another lamp route without separately measured data and an explicit review decision.	welz-et-al-2011-lighting-lca
validate_reference_amount	saleable output	Require exactly 1 kg net saleable complete lamp mass after normalization; supplied packaging mass shall be reported separately.	pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021
validate_process_transfer_balance	process map	Require every included process output transferred to the next process to reconcile with next-process input, rejects, inventory change, and any external transfer.	pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021
validate_material_completeness	manufacturing inventory	Require route-specific records for major materials/components, energy, water and chemicals where used, fill materials, packaging, saleable output, rejects, wastes, and direct releases. Missing items require a justified not-applicable or documented cut-off decision.	pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021; us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines
validate_mercury_balance	fluorescent and mercury-bearing discharge or arc routes	Require a non-negative, reconciled mercury balance and substance-specific air, water, product, recovery, and waste terms. A regulatory maximum is not accepted as the foreground amount.	eu-mercury-regulation-2017-852-consolidated; us-epa-mercury-emissions-lamp-manufacture
validate_integrated_control_gear	self-ballasted or integrated products	Require integrated control-gear mass and assembly inventory when present; fail if separate control gear or an entire luminaire is included in the reference product.	eu-ecodesign-light-sources-2019-2020
validate_data_quality	foreground and secondary evidence	Require reporting-period, site, route, calibration, completeness, source, representativeness, allocation, and uncertainty evidence sufficient for independent reproduction.	pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	secondary_dataset; background_dataset after review and publication
downstream_use	Manufacturing-stage input for product LCAs, EPD/PEP studies, procurement footprints, building or public-lighting lifecycle models, and technology-specific scenario analysis
allowed_use	Route-specific factory-gate modelling; disclosed mass-weighted production mixes; connection to separate distribution, use, maintenance, and end-of-life scenarios
excluded_use	Direct comparison of lighting service without a separate lumen/lifetime/use model; representation of LED or luminaires; category-wide use of one lamp route or model as proxy; undisclosed regulatory compliance claims; use of regulatory thresholds as measured inventory
required_metadata	PCR id and version; reference flow UUID/property/unit group; route and subtype; product and packaging mass; count-to-mass factor; integrated-control-gear state; envelope/arc-tube, electrode, fill and phosphor descriptors; rated power, luminous flux, CRI, CCT/spectrum and life/test basis; sites; geography; reporting period; route weights; upstream datasets; cut-offs; allocation; direct releases; waste destinations
required_quality_disclosure	Foreground record coverage; meter and scale calibration; material and mercury balance residuals; route representativeness; supplier and secondary-data substitutions; below-detection treatment; uncertainty; missing support-flow UUIDs; excluded downstream stages
update_trigger	Product formulation or route change; mercury/additive change; envelope, electrode, phosphor, fill, cap or control-gear redesign; material or energy change; supplier/site/geography change; process or abatement change; regulatory restriction change; material change in route mix, data quality, or reference-flow identity

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
pep-ecopassport-pcr-ed4-2021	standard	PEP ecopassport® Program, Product Category Rules for Electrical, Electronic and HVAC-R Products, PCR-ed4-EN-2021 09 06, https://register.pep-ecopassport.org/documents (retrieved 2026-08-09)	Manufacturing boundary, reference flow, constituent materials and packaging, cut-off, allocation, secondary-data hierarchy, and data-quality rules
eu-ecodesign-light-sources-2019-2020	standard	Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/2020 of 1 October 2019, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/2020/oj (retrieved 2026-08-09)	Light-source scope, technology definitions, integrated/separate control-gear distinction, and performance qualifiers
eu-mercury-regulation-2017-852-consolidated	standard	Regulation (EU) 2017/852 on mercury, consolidated text including 2024 amendments, CELEX 02017R0852-20240730, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02017R0852-20240730 (retrieved 2026-08-09)	Route-specific mercury-product identification, regulatory-change trigger, and mercury inventory QA context
eu-mercury-products-inventory-2019	official_guidance	European Commission, Indicative Non-Exhaustive List of Existing Mercury-Added Products and Relevant EU Instruments, Revision 1, 29 April 2019, https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/d198684c-0834-4f20-9682-dc66553ed066/Inventory%20art%208%287%29%20Mercury%20Reg%2020190429.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-09)	Identification of fluorescent, metal-halide, sodium, mercury-vapour, short-arc, UV and other mercury-bearing discharge routes and components
us-epa-electrical-components-effluent-guidelines	official_guidance	U.S. EPA, Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Electrical and Electronic Components Point Source Category, EPA 440/1-83/075, Phase II, 1983, https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=00003AAW.TXT (retrieved 2026-08-09)	Process decomposition for incandescent, fluorescent, other discharge lamps, filaments and bases; water, chemical, waste and release collection points
us-epa-mercury-emissions-lamp-manufacture	official_guidance	U.S. EPA, Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Mercury and Mercury Compounds, EPA-454/R-97-012, 1997, https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=2000D3YR.TXT (retrieved 2026-08-09)	Mercury dosing, containment, release points, monitoring and mass-balance requirements in lamp manufacture
us-epa-universal-waste-lamps	official_guidance	U.S. EPA, Universal Waste — Lamps, 40 CFR part 273 context, https://www.epa.gov/hw/universal-waste (retrieved 2026-08-09)	Lamp-versus-luminaire distinction and downstream fluorescent, HID, mercury-vapour, high-pressure-sodium and metal-halide waste disclosure
us-doe-critical-materials-strategy-2011	official_guidance	U.S. Department of Energy, Critical Materials Strategy, December 2011, https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/piprod/documents/cms_dec_17_full_web.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-09)	Fluorescent glass-tube, phosphor-coating and component-assembly supply chain and phosphor material disclosure
welz-et-al-2011-lighting-lca	literature	Welz, Hischier and Hilty, Environmental impacts of lighting technologies — Life cycle assessment and sensitivity analysis, Environmental Impact Assessment Review 31 (2011) 334–343, DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2010.08.004	Evidence that filament and fluorescent technologies have distinct material, manufacturing, control-gear and end-of-life inventories and require route-specific modelling
ams-osram-xbo-short-arc-lca	literature	ams OSRAM, Product Life Cycle Assessment — XBO DHP Xenon Short-Arc Lamp, https://look.ams-osram.com/m/5e0a01102baae38b/original/LCA_XBO_aO.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-09)	Arc-route quartz, electrode, assembly, packaging and manufacturing-energy process evidence; not used as a numeric proxy for other routes