Electric generating sets and rotary converters

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers factory-gate production of complete electric generating sets and rotary converters in CPC 3.0 subclass 46114, which the official explanatory notes define through HS 2022 heading 8502. It covers prime-mover generating sets, wind-powered generating sets, other complete generating sets, and electromechanical rotary converters as saleable equipment. The Chinese title follows official Chinese statistical terminology.

The foreground begins with purchased materials, components, fuels, utilities, and packaging received at the manufacturing site and ends with one complete product passing factory acceptance. Installation, downstream distribution, operation, maintenance, and end-of-life are excluded. Stand-alone motors, generators or alternators, photovoltaic generators, static converters, transformers, parts, and generation services are excluded.

The verified Cummins generator-set EPD confirms that configurations vary by rated power, frequency, load profile, and design, and identifies component supply, assembly, energy, water, emissions, and packaging as production-stage elements. Its case values are not category-wide ranges.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.electrical-machinery-and-apparatus.electric-generating-sets-and-rotary-converters
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 46114 (exact classification context)
covered_products	complete electric generating sets driven by a declared prime mover; wind-powered generating sets; other complete generating sets; complete electromechanical rotary converters
excluded_products	stand-alone motors; generators or alternators; photovoltaic generators; static converters; transformers; separately supplied parts; electricity-generation services
representative_product	one complete factory-tested generating set or rotary converter in its declared saleable configuration
production_route	material/component receipt; on-site fabrication, winding, and surface preparation where performed; assembly; filling; acceptance testing; supplied shipment packaging
market_state	complete, factory-tested saleable equipment at the manufacturing gate, with packaging state declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	manufacture of a complete electric generating set or rotary converter capable of its declared electrical function
How much	one complete saleable item
How well	meeting declared rated active/apparent power, voltage, frequency, duty or conversion configuration, and acceptance criteria
How long or cycle	one manufacturing lot and final acceptance event; service life is declared when supporting use-phase comparison
reference_flow_link	accepted output row reference_product

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Electric generating set or rotary converter (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
Reference flow property	Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345
Reference unit group	Units of items 5beb6eed-33a9-47b8-9ede-1dfe8f679159
Reference unit	Item(s)
Required qualifiers	product subtype; prime mover or conversion configuration; rated kW and kVA; input/output voltage; frequency; power factor; duty or operating regime; cooling and enclosure; dry mass; acceptance criterion; site and year; packaging state; service life when used for service comparison

Every required qualifier must be stated in dataset metadata, product description, process notes, or an equivalent field. Missing qualifiers prevent comparison between materially different configurations.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_item_count	reference product	Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345	Item(s)	Count only a complete product passing the declared acceptance test; a motor, alternator, engine, rotor, or subassembly is not a reference item.
product_mass_reconciliation	BOM, finished product, and packaging	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Record dry product and packaging masses separately and reconcile inputs, retained mass, returns, waste, and work in progress on consistent bases.
electricity_energy_conversion	manufacturing electricity	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	MJ	Preserve meter data and convert kWh with exactly 3.6 MJ/kWh; keep exported test electricity separate.
gas_volume_reference	natural gas and oxygen	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	State temperature, pressure, dry/wet basis, and correction; retain composition or carbon content for emission calculations.
water_mass_conversion	process water	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	When measured by volume, retain raw volume and document density and reference conditions used to calculate kg.

5. System Boundary

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_factory_gate	foreground manufacturing	Include purchased materials/components and upstream datasets, on-site fabrication/winding, cleaning/coating, assembly, filling, testing, direct emissions, wastes, and supplied packaging when applicable.	cummins-qsk95-epd-2026
boundary_excluded_stages	downstream stages	Exclude post-gate distribution, customer-site installation/commissioning, operation, maintenance, and end-of-life unless separately extended.	cummins-qsk95-epd-2026
boundary_additional_atomic_flows	product-specific inventory	Add every additional material, component, fuel, chemical, packaging item, waste, and elementary emission as its own exchange; never aggregate them as other materials, utilities, or wastes.
boundary_supplier_linking	purchased products	Link each purchased input to a dataset representative of identity, state, geography, technology, and time; supplier-controlled production remains upstream unless primary records support another boundary.
boundary_direct_test_emissions	fuel-fired factory testing	Include test fuel and direct combustion emissions only when fuel is burned inside the foreground; exclude upstream emissions represented by fuel-supply datasets.

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	purchased materials, components, fuels, utilities, and packaging received at the manufacturing site
starting_condition_role	foreground manufacturing gate input
product_classification_scope	complete CPC 3.0 subclass 46114 products, not stand-alone parts or generation services
recursive_input_rule	keep a complete CPC 46114 input visible and link an independently produced upstream dataset rather than recursively expanding this PCR
upstream_dataset_requirement	match identity, state, geography, technology, and time; disclose proxies and test sensitivity
disclosure	product subtype, configuration, site, year, make-or-buy boundary, test duty, packaging state, exclusions, and proxies

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
final_manufacturing_assembly_test	Final manufacturing, assembly, factory testing, and shipment packaging	required	Include for every product; each card applies only when that atomic exchange crosses the boundary.	foreground production	one complete accepted item at the factory gate

Process: Final manufacturing, assembly, factory testing, and shipment packaging (final_manufacturing_assembly_test)

Inputs

Product flows

Steel base frame (steel_base_frame)

Record the steel base frame received or fabricated for the item; add other steel articles separately.

• Selected flow: Steel base frame (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured installed mass; attributable fabrication loss is recorded separately
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one complete accepted reference item
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_and_packaging
• Sources:

Aluminium enclosure panel (aluminium_enclosure_panel)

Record aluminium enclosure panels only when present; do not substitute a mixed-metal enclosure.

• Selected flow: Aluminium enclosure panel (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured or supplier-declared installed panel mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one complete accepted reference item
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_and_packaging
• Sources:

Insulated winding conductor (magnet_wire)

Apply when magnet wire crosses the site boundary or is issued to on-site winding.

• Selected flow: Magnet wire 2bf8a4db-b29e-404a-ae6c-402adbb77af4
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: issue mass minus documented returned unused wire
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one complete accepted reference item
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_and_packaging
• Sources:

Electrical insulation resin (epoxy_resin)

Apply when epoxy resin is used for impregnation, casting, bonding, or insulation inside the boundary.

• Selected flow: Epoxy resin e2bab6ae-d42f-4fca-bab5-ae9c6692f105
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: batch issue minus recoverable return, assigned to accepted batch output
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one complete accepted reference item
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_issue
• Sources:

Manufacturing electricity (electricity)

Include fabrication, winding, surface preparation, assembly, auxiliaries, and testing; net separately metered exported test electricity.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: metered use assigned by direct submetering or a causal driver
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one complete accepted reference item
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_site_utilities
• Sources:

Process water (process_water)

Apply to cleaning, cooling make-up, hydrostatic testing, or another declared process; exclude sanitary water.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: metered attributable use, with documented volume-to-mass conversion when needed
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one complete accepted reference item
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_site_utilities
• Sources:

Oxygen for thermal cutting (industrial_oxygen)

Apply only when an oxygen-consuming operation occurs inside the boundary.

• Selected flow: Industrial oxygen bd4b0f96-2090-4806-a648-335ab20ff401
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: corrected meter or delivery volume assigned to accepted units processed
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one complete accepted reference item
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_site_utilities
• Sources:

Sodium hydroxide for alkaline cleaning (sodium_hydroxide)

Apply only to foreground alkaline cleaning; report sodium-hydroxide mass, not total solution mass.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide e0abcced-0611-4c24-9290-5a2c5a0c4169
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: purchased or make-up sodium-hydroxide mass assigned to accepted units
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one complete accepted reference item
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_issue
• Sources:

Natural gas for heat or factory testing (natural_gas)

Apply when gas is burned on site for attributable heat or testing; distinguish uses in raw records.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: corrected metered volume at declared reference conditions
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one complete accepted reference item
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_test_fuels
• Sources:

Diesel fuel for factory testing (diesel_fuel)

Apply when diesel is burned during attributable factory testing; exclude customer operation.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: opening stock plus receipts minus closing stock, returns, and unrelated issues
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one complete accepted reference item
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_test_fuels
• Sources:

Lubricating oil installed or used in testing (lubricating_oil)

Keep retained fill and drained waste distinguishable.

• Selected flow: lubricating oil aec6f1a5-7b09-4704-870d-434d3ada0edd
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: issue mass minus unused return
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one complete accepted reference item
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_issue
• Sources:

Wooden shipping pallet (wooden_pallet)

Apply only when supplied across the gate; add films, crates, desiccants, and fasteners separately.

• Selected flow: Pallets, box pallets and other load boards, of wood, pallet collars of wood 4b49871e-95be-4e0c-9223-9902f9eaa763
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured pallet mass supplied with the item
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one complete accepted reference item
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_and_packaging
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Complete accepted reference product (reference_product)

Record only a complete product passing acceptance; the category-wide Tiangong UUID is unresolved.

• Selected flow: Electric generating set or rotary converter (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Number of items / Item(s)
• Amount rule: exactly one complete accepted item
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: one PCR reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_product_acceptance
• Sources:

Waste flows

Drained lubricating oil (waste_lubricating_oil)

Apply only to oil leaving tests, flushing, or rejected fills as waste; retained fill is not waste.

• Selected flow: Waste lubricating oil 9c1267ee-ba26-4c53-9643-89ae0c5764c4
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net container or manifest mass assigned to the test lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one complete accepted reference item
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide from natural gas (fossil_co2_natural_gas)

Include only direct on-site emissions; upstream supply emissions remain in the gas dataset.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calculate from collected gas, composition/carbon content, and oxidation under calc_direct_fossil_co2
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one complete accepted reference item
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_test_fuels
• Sources:

Fossil carbon dioxide from diesel (fossil_co2_diesel)

Include only direct on-site test emissions; upstream supply emissions remain in the fuel dataset.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calculate from diesel mass, carbon content, and oxidation under calc_direct_fossil_co2
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one complete accepted reference item
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_test_fuels
• Sources:

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid	shared manufacturing and testing	First avoid allocation by direct metering, lot segregation, subdivision, or system expansion.	eu-pef-method-2021
allocation_physical_driver	residual shared burdens	If subdivision is impossible, use a documented causal driver such as machine time, test time, metered energy, or processed mass.	eu-pef-method-2021
allocation_other_relationship	absence of a physical relationship	Use another relationship only after documenting why prior options are infeasible; disclose factors and sensitivity.	eu-pef-method-2021
allocation_scrap	recyclable production scrap	Report scrap as waste linked to receiving treatment; do not subtract avoided primary-material credit inside this gate inventory.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_bom_and_packaging	final_manufacturing_assembly_test	installed material and packaging	BOM and supplier record	configuration; identity; issue, return, installed, and packaging mass	reconciled ERP bill, scale, supplier specification	kg/item	each configuration	representative year	site and suppliers	sum separate article masses per accepted item	released BOM; calibration; supplier declaration
cp_material_issue	final_manufacturing_assembly_test	chemical and fill material	issue/return record	identity; grade; opening; receipts; issues; returns; closing; accepted units	stock reconciliation and batch tickets	kg/item	batch or monthly	representative year	foreground site	opening plus receipts minus closing, returns, unrelated issues	reconciliation; specification
cp_site_utilities	final_manufacturing_assembly_test	electricity, water, oxygen	meter or delivery record	meter; readings; unit; conditions; correction; downtime; units; driver	submetering or meter balance	MJ/item; kg/item; m3/item	batch or monthly	representative year	foreground site	subtract unrelated use and assign by meter or causal driver	calibration; invoice; meter map
cp_test_fuels	final_manufacturing_assembly_test	test fuel and direct CO2	test log, issue record, fuel specification	serial; duration; load; fuel; conditions; composition/carbon; oxidation; exported electricity	test-cell meter and stock balance	kg/item; m3/item; kg CO2/item	each test	representative year	test cells	sum attributable fuel and calculate each CO2 flow separately	calibration; test log; specification
cp_product_acceptance	final_manufacturing_assembly_test	complete product	acceptance/release record	serial; subtype; configuration; ratings; duty; mass; result; packaging	controlled acceptance record	Item(s)	every item	representative year	manufacturing site	count only released passing items	signed certificate; release; calibration
cp_waste_records	final_manufacturing_assembly_test	waste oil	weighing and manifest	identity; tare/gross; period; lot; destination; treatment	weighing and manifest reconciliation	kg/item	each shipment	representative year	foreground site	net mass assigned to causal lots without credit	calibration; manifest; container log

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_item_normalization	all rows	attributable amount / represented accepted-item count	amount; accepted items; allocation driver	flow quantity per item
calc_electricity_mj	electricity	corrected kWh × 3.6	meter kWh	MJ/item
calc_water_mass	volumetric water	corrected volume × documented density	volume; density; conditions	kg/item
calc_direct_fossil_co2	on-site combustion	fuel mass × fossil carbon fraction × oxidation × 44/12; gas conversion uses composition and conditions	fuel mass/volume; density/composition; carbon; oxidation	kg fossil CO2/item
calc_material_reconciliation	materials and losses	input = retained product + returns + waste + emissions + closing work in progress	BOM; issue/return; product/packaging; waste; work in progress	difference and completeness flag

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	reference product	Retain serial/model and all qualifiers; never average unlike products without configuration-specific normalization.	acceptance certificate and specification; cummins-qsk95-epd-2026
dq_temporal	foreground records	Use a representative continuous year or disclose shorter coverage and variability; date every record.	meter, ERP, test, and manifest records
dq_completeness	BOM and site inventory	Reconcile at least 99% of dry product and supplied packaging mass; list each exclusion with mass and justification.	signed mass-balance review and exclusion register
dq_metering	utilities and test fuels	Document boundary, calibration, corrections, conditions, downtime, rework, failed tests, exported electricity, and shared services.	calibration, meter map, reconciliation
dq_supplier_data	purchased inputs	Prefer current supplier data; otherwise disclose representativeness and test material proxies.	supplier metadata and proxy review

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	reference product	Confirm one accepted item and all subtype, electrical, duty/configuration, mass, site, year, and packaging qualifiers.	cummins-qsk95-epd-2026
validate_inventory_atomicity	inventory	Reject combined labels; each row has one identity, property, unit, direction, amount rule, and condition.
validate_boundary	system boundary	Confirm upstream links, foreground operations, test emissions, packaging, and exclusions follow the gate without double counting.	cummins-qsk95-epd-2026
validate_mass_balance	materials and packaging	Apply calc_material_reconciliation; investigate differences and disclose exclusions.
validate_allocation	shared site data	Confirm subdivision was attempted first and residual drivers, factors, and sensitivity are documented.	eu-pef-method-2021
validate_uuid_resolution	unresolved flows	Keep reference_product, steel_base_frame, and aluminium_enclosure_panel UUIDs empty until exact public state-100 matches are confirmed.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	foreground manufacturing inventory data package for one complete electric generating set or rotary converter
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	modelling with compatible configuration, function, gate, geography, technology, and time
excluded_use	direct comparison of unlike ratings, duties, service lives, technologies, converter functions, or boundaries; use-phase claims without a downstream model
required_metadata	PCR id/version; subtype; configuration; ratings; duty; dry mass; site/year; make-or-buy boundary; test duty; allocation; packaging; unresolved UUIDs; sources/proxies
required_quality_disclosure	temporal, meter, mass-balance and allocation coverage; failed-test/rework treatment; supplier representativeness; exclusions; range needs; sensitivity
update_trigger	material change in design, rating, site, energy/fuel, supplier mix, test, packaging, allocation, data age, or resolved identity

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 explanatory notes, 30 June 2025; https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-04)	category identity and HS 2022 heading 8502 boundary
china-nbs-statistical-product-classification-2010	official_guidance	National Bureau of Statistics of China, Statistical Product Classification Catalogue; https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/tjbz/tjypflml/2010/39.html (retrieved 2026-09-04)	professional Chinese terminology
cummins-qsk95-epd-2026	dataset	Cummins Inc., Environmental Product Declaration: Cummins QSK95 Series Open Diesel Generator Set, EPD-IES-0025774, 2026-03-31; https://api.prod.environdec.com/api/v1/EPDLibrary/Files/EPDs/10fb072a-4359-48aa-b53e-08ddf1520762/Documents (retrieved 2026-09-04)	configuration, process decomposition, boundary and quality context; not range inference
eu-pef-method-2021	official_guidance	European Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279, Annex I Product Environmental Footprint Method, section 4.5; https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/2021-12-30/eng (retrieved 2026-09-04)	allocation hierarchy