Wrought special non-ferrous metals and articles; magnesium powder

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR governs foreground data packages for the plant-gate production of one declared wrought product or article made from tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, magnesium, cobalt, cadmium, titanium, zirconium, beryllium, gallium, hafnium, indium, niobium, rhenium, thallium, germanium, or vanadium, and for magnesium metal powder. The data package shall identify exactly one principal metal or alloy, one product form, one grade or composition, and one production route; it shall not average unlike metals, powder and wrought states, or unrelated article functions.

The foreground boundary begins when declared metal or alloy feedstock enters the reporting facility and ends when the conforming product is ready for dispatch at the plant gate. It includes actual on-site forming, machining, heat treatment, cleaning, surface treatment, and mechanical powder-production operations. Primary ore extraction, concentration, smelting, refining, and chemical powder production are upstream unless they occur at the same site and are explicitly added as separate foreground processes. Use, downstream assembly into a different product, transport after the plant gate, and end-of-life are outside this PCR.

The minimum inventory below uses titanium plate as the representative wrought product and a separate conditional magnesium-powder process. A data package for another covered metal or article shall replace the representative material identities with exact atomic flows and retain the same collection, mass-balance, boundary, and disclosure logic. It shall never relabel titanium or magnesium flows as another metal.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.basic-metals.tungsten-molybdenum-tantalum-magnesium-cobalt-cadmium-titanium-zirconium-beryllium-gall-65effba7
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 41602
covered_products	Wrought forms and articles of the named metals and their declared alloys; magnesium metal powder produced by a declared mechanical route
excluded_products	Unwrought metal and non-magnesium metal powders classified outside CPC 41602; ores and concentrates; primary smelting and refining unless explicitly co-located; chemical powder production; waste and scrap as the reference product; products whose principal function places them in a more specific downstream category
representative_product	Titanium plate
production_route	Forming and fabrication from metal feedstock; conditional mechanical milling, abrading, or atomizing for magnesium powder
market_state	Conforming dry product at the reporting facility gate, with grade, composition, dimensions or particle-size distribution, temper or condition, surface finish, and packaging state declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	One declared wrought metal product or article, or magnesium metal powder, meeting the stated commercial specification
How much	1 kg net mass of conforming product
How well	Meets the declared grade or alloy composition, geometry or particle-size distribution, temper or condition, surface finish, and quality acceptance criteria
How long or cycle	At the plant gate; no use duration is assigned
reference_flow_link	reference_product_mass

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Titanium Plate f32fc628-252f-40fe-8f8d-fd0efb955e92
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	principal metal and alloy or grade; product form; dimensions or particle-size distribution; temper, heat-treatment or powder condition; surface finish; recycled-content claim and accounting method; production route; facility geography; technology period; plant-gate packaging state

When constructing a foreground data package, every required qualifier shall be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, the reference-flow comment, the product description, or an equivalent field. The confirmed reference flow is the representative titanium-plate identity only; a different covered product requires an exact product flow rather than semantic reuse of this UUID.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_product_mass	Reference product and all mass-normalized inventory	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Determine net dry or as-specified saleable mass after final inspection and before dispatch; disclose whether unavoidable surface films, coatings, and immediate packaging are included.
energy_conversion	Electricity and fuel records	Net calorific value for energy flows	MJ	Preserve original meter or invoice units, document conversion factors, and report electricity using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ without treating electricity as fuel combustion.
gas_volume_conditions	Natural gas and industrial oxygen	Volume	m3	Record metered volume together with temperature, pressure, and dry or wet basis; convert only with a documented reference condition.
solution_mass_basis	Process water, cutting fluid, and sodium-hydroxide solution	Mass	kg	Report delivered product or solution mass and separately disclose concentration and make-up water; do not report active chemical mass as solution mass.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Metal or alloy feedstock received at the reporting facility, identified by metal, composition, physical form, supplier, recycled-content claim, and measured incoming mass
starting_condition_role	Upstream product entering plant-gate forming, fabrication, or magnesium-powder production
product_classification_scope	One product within CPC 3.0 code 41602; classification is context and does not replace the declared material and product identity
recursive_input_rule	A same-category wrought input that already embodies forming burdens shall be recorded as its exact purchased product flow with an upstream dataset and shall not be recursively re-expanded inside this foreground process
upstream_dataset_requirement	Each purchased metal, alloy, fuel, electricity, chemical, gas, and water input shall link to a geographically and technologically appropriate upstream dataset or disclose the missing link
disclosure	Declare included unit operations, outsourced operations, internal recycle loops, cut-off decisions, on-site treatment, allocation decisions, and whether casting, surface treatment, powder production, and packaging occur inside the boundary

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_gate_to_gate	Foreground product system	Include all actual unit operations from receipt of declared feedstock through final inspection and plant-gate readiness; exclude upstream primary metal production unless co-located and explicitly modelled.	us-epa-nfmf-471; us-epa-nfmf-guidance-1989
boundary_on_site_casting	Casting before forming	Include on-site casting only when it produces billets, ingots, bars, strip, shot, or another precursor that is subsequently formed on the same site; disclose the mass link to forming.	us-epa-nfmf-471
boundary_surface_treatment	On-site chemical or electrochemical treatment	Include cleaning, etching, and surface treatment performed at the forming site together with their baths, rinse water, wastewater, sludge, and releases.	us-epa-nfmf-471; us-epa-nfmf-guidance-1989
boundary_powder_route	Magnesium powder	Include declared mechanical milling, abrading, or atomizing and associated conditioning; chemical precipitation and powder produced only as the final refining step require a different upstream methodology.	us-epa-nfmf-471; us-epa-nfmf-guidance-1989
boundary_actual_atomic_flows	All included operations	Add every actual material, energy, water, gas, waste, and elementary exchange as a separate atomic flow; absence of a template row is not a cut-off permission.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
metal_forming_fabrication	Metal forming, fabrication, and finishing	required	Always for a wrought product or article; not used for a magnesium-powder-only data package	Foreground conversion of declared metal stock into the conforming wrought product	1 kg conforming product
magnesium_powder_production	Mechanical magnesium-powder production and conditioning	conditional	Include only when the reference product is magnesium powder	Foreground milling, abrading, or atomizing and final powder conditioning	1 kg conforming magnesium powder

Process: Metal forming, fabrication, and finishing (metal_forming_fabrication)

This representative inventory is for titanium plate. Other covered wrought products shall use exact identities for their declared metal feedstock, product, scrap, wastewater constituents, and elementary releases while retaining the row-level collection logic.

Inputs

Product flows

Titanium billet feedstock (mf_titanium_billet)

Record the incoming titanium billet consumed by the representative forming route. Supplier production remains upstream unless co-located.

• Selected flow: Titanium billet
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured accepted billet mass charged to the process, net of returned unopened stock
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming titanium plate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_records
• Sources: us-epa-nfmf-guidance-1989

Electricity supplied to forming and fabrication (mf_electricity)

Record purchased or on-site-supplied electrical energy consumed by forming, machining, finishing, controls, and allocated auxiliaries.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: metered electricity attributable to the included process, converted from kWh where necessary
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming titanium plate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources:

Natural gas for direct thermal operations (mf_natural_gas)

Record gaseous natural gas only when a furnace, oven, dryer, or other included thermal unit burns it directly.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered natural-gas volume attributable to included thermal operations; use not_applicable when none is burned
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming titanium plate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources:

Process water for contact cooling and rinsing (mf_process_water)

Record process water that crosses the process boundary for contact cooling, rinsing, bath make-up, or wet cleaning; exclude non-contact recirculation make-up only when separately metered and demonstrably outside the process boundary.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured water input to included forming and surface-treatment operations
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming titanium plate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_chemical_records
• Sources: us-epa-nfmf-471; us-epa-nfmf-guidance-1989

Cutting fluid for machining and grinding (mf_cutting_fluid)

Record cutting-fluid make-up only when machining, grinding, drilling, turning, or a comparable wet metal-removal operation is included.

• Selected flow: Cutting Fluid 576d250f-4f36-4385-939d-0f03b8f95a10
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured fresh cutting-fluid concentrate or delivered product added to the system; disclose dilution water separately
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming titanium plate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cutting_fluid_records
• Sources: niosh-metalworking-fluids-1998

Sodium hydroxide for alkaline surface treatment (mf_sodium_hydroxide)

Record sodium hydroxide only when an included alkaline cleaning, etching, or wastewater-treatment operation consumes it.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide e0abcced-0611-4c24-9290-5a2c5a0c4169
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured delivered sodium-hydroxide product or solution mass with concentration disclosed
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming titanium plate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_chemical_records
• Sources: us-epa-nfmf-guidance-1989

Industrial oxygen for thermal cutting or heating (mf_industrial_oxygen)

Record industrial oxygen only when it is supplied to an included thermal cutting or heating operation; do not use this row for compressed air or inert gas.

• Selected flow: Industrial oxygen bd4b0f96-2090-4806-a648-335ab20ff401
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered oxygen volume attributable to the included operation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming titanium plate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_gas_records
• Sources:

Waste flows

No waste input is prescribed. Record an actual externally sourced waste feed only as its own exact flow and disclose how its previous-life burdens are handled.

Elementary flows

No elementary input is prescribed for this gate-to-gate process. Resource extractions belong to linked upstream datasets unless they occur inside the declared foreground boundary.

Outputs

Product flows

Conforming titanium plate (mf_titanium_plate)

Record only plate that passes the declared product acceptance criteria. This output is the representative reference flow.

• Selected flow: Titanium Plate f32fc628-252f-40fe-8f8d-fd0efb955e92
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net conforming product mass; normalize the reported inventory to exactly 1 kg
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg conforming titanium plate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_records
• Sources: un-cpc-3-structure-2025

Waste flows

Titanium offcuts and machining scrap (mf_titanium_scrap)

Record titanium offcuts, turnings, and other recoverable solid titanium leaving the process as one segregated waste flow. Internally recycled scrap stays inside the process and is tracked in the mass balance without a boundary exchange.

• Selected flow: Titanium scrap
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured titanium scrap mass leaving the foreground boundary
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming titanium plate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_records
• Sources: niosh-metalworking-fluids-1998

Waste cutting oil removed from the system (mf_waste_cutting_oil)

Record removed cutting oil that leaves for treatment, recycling, or disposal. Do not combine it with aqueous coolant or other waste oil.

• Selected flow: Waste cutting oil 80d926e3-0f76-4a19-9b1e-ffec9deb1216
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass removed from the cutting-fluid system and transferred off site
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming titanium plate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cutting_fluid_records
• Sources: niosh-metalworking-fluids-1998

Acidic titanium-bearing wastewater (mf_acidic_titanium_wastewater)

Record the aqueous waste stream from titanium acid etching, pickling, or rinsing only when it leaves the foreground process for on-site or off-site treatment. Declare acid species, titanium concentration, other regulated constituents, pH, and treatment destination.

• Selected flow: Acidic titanium-bearing wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured wastewater mass at the transfer point, with composition from representative sampling
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming titanium plate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_records
• Sources: us-epa-nfmf-471; us-epa-nfmf-guidance-1989

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide from on-site fuel combustion (mf_fossil_co2)

Record direct fossil carbon dioxide released from included natural-gas combustion. Upstream electricity-generation emissions are excluded from this foreground row.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured or facility-calculated direct fossil carbon-dioxide mass attributable to included combustion
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming titanium plate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emissions_records
• Sources:

Titanium particulate released to air (mf_titanium_particulate)

Record controlled titanium-bearing particulate crossing the stack or fugitive air boundary. Declare elemental or compound form, particle-size basis, release compartment, and abatement capture basis.

• Selected flow: Titanium particulate to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured release or calculation from captured dust and verified control performance
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming titanium plate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emissions_records
• Sources: niosh-metalworking-fluids-1998

Process: Mechanical magnesium-powder production and conditioning (magnesium_powder_production)

Use this process only when magnesium powder is the reference product. Declare milling, abrading, wet or dry atomizing, classification, drying, and dust-recovery steps actually operated; add every technology-specific gas, chemical, captured residue, and release as an atomic row.

Inputs

Product flows

Magnesium ingot feedstock (mp_magnesium_ingot)

Record the magnesium metal ingot or other declared solid magnesium feed entering mechanical powder production.

• Selected flow: Magnesium ingot
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured accepted magnesium feed mass charged to powder production
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming magnesium powder
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_records
• Sources: us-epa-nfmf-471; us-epa-nfmf-guidance-1989

Electricity supplied to magnesium-powder operations (mp_electricity)

Record electricity consumed by milling, abrading, atomizing, classification, drying, ventilation, and allocated auxiliaries actually included.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: metered electricity attributable to the included magnesium-powder process
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming magnesium powder
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: us-epa-nfmf-guidance-1989

Natural gas for magnesium-powder heating or drying (mp_natural_gas)

Record gaseous natural gas only when it is burned in an included feed-heating, atomizing, or drying unit.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered natural-gas volume attributable to the included powder operation; use not_applicable when none is burned
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming magnesium powder
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources:

Process water for wet powder production (mp_process_water)

Record water only for a wet milling, wet atomizing, washing, or other water-contact route.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured process-water input attributable to magnesium-powder production; use not_applicable for a verified dry route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming magnesium powder
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_chemical_records
• Sources: us-epa-nfmf-guidance-1989

Waste flows

No waste input is prescribed. Any externally sourced magnesium residue used as feed shall be represented by its exact waste or secondary-product identity and its upstream accounting shall be disclosed.

Elementary flows

No elementary input is prescribed. Add actual resource inputs only when extraction occurs within the declared foreground boundary.

Outputs

Product flows

Conforming magnesium metal powder (mp_magnesium_powder)

Record only powder meeting the declared magnesium composition, moisture, particle-size distribution, morphology, and contamination limits.

• Selected flow: Magnesium metal powder
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net conforming powder mass; normalize the reported inventory to exactly 1 kg
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg conforming magnesium metal powder
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_records
• Sources: un-cpc-3-structure-2025; us-epa-nfmf-guidance-1989

Waste flows

Segregated off-spec powder, captured dust, spent liquid, and treatment residue that cross the boundary shall each be added as an exact atomic waste flow. Internal rework is not an output and shall remain in the process mass balance.

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide from magnesium-powder thermal operations (mp_fossil_co2)

Record direct fossil carbon dioxide only when an included powder-production unit burns natural gas. Do not include upstream electricity-generation emissions in this row.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured or facility-calculated direct fossil carbon-dioxide mass attributable to included combustion
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg conforming magnesium powder
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emissions_records
• Sources:

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivide_first	Shared lines and utilities	Subdivide by separately metered process, campaign, line, or product before considering allocation. A data package that cannot establish a causal allocation basis shall disclose the gap and shall not claim full PCR conformance.
allocation_internal_recycle	Internal metal scrap, powder, water, and fluid loops	Keep internal recycle within the foreground system; record gross circulation for process control but count only make-up input and boundary-crossing outputs in the inventory.
allocation_recovered_scrap	Scrap or off-spec product leaving the boundary	Record the measured boundary flow and treatment destination. Do not subtract an avoided-production credit inside the foreground inventory unless the downstream modelling convention is separately declared.
allocation_joint_outputs	Unavoidable joint production	Use direct physical causality where documented. If no defensible causal relationship exists, retain all burdens on the declared reference product pending a reviewed allocation rule rather than silently applying economic allocation.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_mass_records	metal_forming_fabrication; magnesium_powder_production	Feedstock, conforming product, scrap, internal recycle, and off-spec mass	Scale and production records	timestamp; batch; flow identity; alloy or grade; gross mass; tare; net mass; disposition	Calibrated scales reconciled to batch and warehouse records	kg	Each batch or transfer	At least one representative continuous 12-month period, or the full campaign for campaign production	All included lines and storage transfer points	Sum net boundary masses by exact flow; retain internal recycle separately; normalize by conforming output	Calibration certificates; batch reconciliation; inventory opening and closing balances
cp_energy_records	metal_forming_fabrication; magnesium_powder_production	Electricity and natural gas	Meter, invoice, and equipment log	meter id; opening and closing reading; unit; fuel state; reference conditions; operating hours; downtime; allocation driver	Submeter preferred; reconcile to invoices and exclude unrelated loads	Native meter unit	Monthly and each campaign	Same period as product output	All included equipment and shared auxiliaries	Sum included consumption, apply documented conversion, then divide by conforming output mass	Meter calibration; invoice reconciliation; allocation worksheet
cp_water_chemical_records	metal_forming_fabrication; magnesium_powder_production	Process water and sodium hydroxide	Meter, batch make-up, purchase, and stock records	water meter readings; chemical product identity; concentration; delivered mass; opening and closing stock; bath make-up; disposal	Meter water and reconcile chemical consumption by inventory balance	kg	Each bath make-up and monthly	Same period as product output	Included cooling, cleaning, etching, rinsing, and treatment systems	Report product or solution mass separately from concentration and dilution water	Meter checks; supplier certificate; bath log; stock reconciliation
cp_cutting_fluid_records	metal_forming_fabrication	Cutting-fluid make-up and waste cutting oil	Fluid-system and waste-transfer records	formulation; concentrate mass; dilution water; sump inventory; change-out mass; recovered mass; destination	Reconcile additions, retained inventory, recovered oil, and transferred waste	kg	Each addition and change-out	Same period as product output	All included machining and grinding systems	Sum fresh product and boundary waste separately; do not combine oil and aqueous coolant	Supplier SDS; fluid log; waste manifest; mass-balance check
cp_gas_records	metal_forming_fabrication	Industrial oxygen	Cylinder inventory or calibrated flow meter	gas identity; purity; pressure; temperature; flow; cylinder opening and closing mass or volume; operation	Meter flow or reconcile cylinder inventory at declared reference conditions	m3	Each campaign or monthly	Same period as product output	Included thermal cutting and heating equipment	Sum exact gas only and normalize by conforming output	Meter calibration; supplier delivery record; cylinder reconciliation
cp_wastewater_records	metal_forming_fabrication	Acidic titanium-bearing wastewater	Flow meter, tank transfer, and representative sample	transfer mass or volume; density; pH; acid species; titanium concentration; other constituents; treatment destination	Meter each transfer and sample using a documented representative plan	kg	Each transfer; composition at representative frequency	Same period as product output	Every included etching, pickling, rinse, and treatment discharge point	Convert volume with measured density where needed; keep distinct waste streams separate	Meter calibration; laboratory report; chain of custody; treatment manifest
cp_direct_emissions_records	metal_forming_fabrication; magnesium_powder_production	Direct fossil CO2 and metal particulate	CEMS, stack test, fuel/emissions calculation, or captured-dust balance	source id; period; measured concentration or mass; gas flow; fuel record; emission compartment; chemical form; particle-size basis; control efficiency; uncertainty	Prefer direct measurement; otherwise use a documented facility calculation from collected records	kg	Continuous, each test, or monthly calculation as applicable	Same period as product output	Every included stationary and fugitive release point	Sum by exact elementary flow and compartment; never include upstream electricity emissions	Calibration and stack-test reports; calculation workbook; control-device records

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	Every inventory row	Normalized amount = period boundary amount / period conforming product mass	Exact-flow boundary amount; conforming product mass	Amount per 1 kg reference product
calc_material_balance	Metal or magnesium mass	Reconcile accepted feed = conforming product + boundary scrap or residue + closing in-process inventory - opening in-process inventory + documented unmeasured loss; investigate rather than hide a material residual	Feed, product, scrap, residue, and in-process inventory records	Batch and period mass-balance residual
calc_energy_conversion	Electricity	MJ = metered kWh × 3.6	Metered kWh	Electricity in MJ
calc_direct_emissions	Direct fossil CO2 and particulate	Apply only the documented facility measurement or calculation method to collected source records; report method, factors, uncertainty, and compartment	Fuel, CEMS, stack-test, flow, concentration, and control records	kg of exact elementary flow

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	Reference product and all metal-bearing flows	Preserve exact metal, alloy or grade, physical state, product form, and boundary role; do not use a generic heavy-metals, metal-powder, wastewater, or scrap identity.	Product specification; supplier certificate; Tiangong direct-read identity; waste characterization
dq_temporal	Foreground activity data	Use temporally matched input and output records covering at least one representative continuous 12-month period, or the complete declared campaign when production is campaign-based.	Dated meter, batch, inventory, and production records
dq_completeness	All included operations	Reconcile material, energy, water, chemical, waste, and release records; disclose missing meters, estimated shares, excluded operations, and residuals.	Reconciliation worksheets; cut-off register; mass balance
dq_technology	Route-dependent operations	Declare forming sequence, machine type, heat-treatment and surface-treatment steps, powder route, recirculation, abatement, and outsourced steps.	Process flow diagram; equipment list; operating log; supplier record
dq_geography	Upstream links and direct emissions	Record facility location, energy market, supplier geography, water context, waste destination, and elementary-flow compartment.	Dataset metadata; invoices; permits; transfer manifests

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_identity	Reference product	Confirm one covered metal or magnesium powder, exact product state, mass property, and every required qualifier; reject semantic reuse of the titanium-plate UUID for another product.	un-cpc-3-structure-2025
validate_route_boundary	Process map	Confirm that exactly the applicable wrought or magnesium-powder route is active and that co-located casting, surface treatment, and powder operations follow the declared boundary.	us-epa-nfmf-471; us-epa-nfmf-guidance-1989
validate_atomic_inventory	Inventory	Confirm that each row is one atomic exchange, every actual technology-specific flow is present, and generic utilities, fuels, metals, wastes, wastewater, or emissions are not substituted for exact identities.
validate_mass_balance	Metal and product mass	Require a documented feed, product, scrap, residue, and in-process inventory reconciliation; investigate material residuals and disclose unresolved losses.
validate_energy_emissions	Energy and direct emissions	Reconcile electricity and fuel to the production period; exclude upstream electricity emissions from direct rows; verify chemical form and compartment for each elementary flow.
validate_foreground_quality	Data package	Confirm temporal, site, technology, geography, measurement, uncertainty, allocation, and missing-data disclosures before publication.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Plant-gate foreground product dataset for one declared wrought special non-ferrous metal product or magnesium metal powder
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset when reviewed for representativeness
allowed_use	Product-footprint, process, and lifecycle-model studies that match the declared metal, grade, form, route, geography, technology period, and plant-gate state
excluded_use	Proxying another metal, alloy, product form, powder chemistry, particle-size class, route, geography, or use-phase function without explicit review
required_metadata	PCR id and version; exact product identity and UUID; grade or composition; geometry or particle size; temper or condition; surface finish; facility geography; technology and period; process map; included and outsourced operations; upstream links; recycled-content method; allocation; data quality; uncertainty
required_quality_disclosure	Metering and estimation shares; mass-balance residual; temporal and technological representativeness; unresolved UUIDs and ranges; excluded operations; waste and emission characterization; allocation and cut-off decisions
update_trigger	Change in principal metal or alloy, grade, product form, powder route, major equipment, heat or surface treatment, energy supply, abatement, supplier mix, recycled-content accounting, allocation, or a material change in normalized inventory

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-structure-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv, retrieved 2026-09-04	Official CPC 41602 identity and covered product wording
us-epa-nfmf-471	official_guidance	U.S. EPA, Nonferrous Metals Forming and Metal Powders Effluent Guidelines, 40 CFR Part 471 program page, https://www.epa.gov/eg/nonferrous-metals-forming-and-metal-powders-effluent-guidelines, retrieved 2026-09-04	Category and route boundary, mechanical powder routes, on-site casting, surface treatment, and wastewater scope
us-epa-nfmf-guidance-1989	official_guidance	U.S. EPA, Aluminum, Copper, and Nonferrous Metals Forming and Metal Powders Pretreatment Standards: A Guidance Manual, EPA 800-B-89-001, December 1989, https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-08/documents/aluminum-copper-nonferrous-forming_pretreat-guidance_1989.pdf, retrieved 2026-09-04	Process decomposition, titanium forming and etching, powder production, lubricants, water, wastewater, and ancillary operations
niosh-metalworking-fluids-1998	official_guidance	NIOSH, Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Metalworking Fluids, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 98-102, 1998, https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/media/pdfs/2026/06/98-102_1.pdf, retrieved 2026-09-04	Cutting-fluid input, machining and grinding roles, chips, swarf, fluid aerosols, and spent-fluid management