Tubes, pipes and tube or pipe fittings, of aluminium

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to foreground production of aluminium or aluminium-alloy tubes, pipes, and tube or pipe fittings delivered at the producing factory gate. It covers mill-finished, drawn, welded, machined, formed, joined, heat-treated, and surface-treated products when those operations occur within the declared foreground boundary.

The foreground data package shall declare the product form, alloy designation and recycled-content basis, temper, dimensions and tolerances, manufacturing route, surface condition, production geography, technology, and factory-gate condition. Installation, use, maintenance, off-site distribution after the producing factory gate, and end-of-life treatment are excluded. Upstream production of purchased billet, strip, chemicals, fuels, electricity, and water is represented by supplier-specific or geographically and technologically representative datasets rather than recreated inside this PCR.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.basic-metals.tubes-pipes-and-tube-or-pipe-fittings-of-aluminium
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 41536, exact
covered_products	Aluminium or aluminium-alloy tubes and pipes; aluminium tube or pipe fittings; mill-finished or further drawn, welded, cut, bent, machined, joined, heat-treated, or surface-treated forms when sold as the declared product
excluded_products	Copper, nickel, iron, steel, plastics, or rubber tubes and fittings; aluminium structural assemblies whose identity is no longer a tube, pipe, or fitting; installation and use services
representative_product	Factory-gate aluminium tube, pipe, or tube/pipe fitting conforming to the declared alloy, temper, geometry, tolerance, and surface condition
production_route	Declare one actual route: billet extrusion, extrusion followed by drawing, rolled-strip forming and longitudinal welding, or fitting fabrication from aluminium semi-finished feedstock; declare all subsequent cutting, forming, machining, joining, heat treatment, and surface treatment
market_state	Accepted saleable product at the producing factory gate, net of removable process scrap and rejected product

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provide the declared geometry and connection function of an aluminium tube, pipe, or tube/pipe fitting
How much	1,000 kg of accepted saleable product
How well	Meets the declared alloy, temper, dimensions, wall thickness, tolerances, mechanical properties, joining features, and surface condition
How long or cycle	One production lot represented by the dataset; no use-life service is included
reference_flow_link	Net accepted product mass at the producing factory gate

Field	Value
Reference amount	1,000 kg
Reference product flow	Tubes, pipes and tube or pipe fittings, of aluminium ecc836aa-a727-46bb-ad13-4dd96e1c6f56
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	product form; alloy designation; primary/recycled aluminium content basis; temper; outside and inside dimensions or nominal size; wall thickness; fitting type and connection geometry where applicable; tolerance/specification; surface condition; manufacturing route; production geography; technology; factory-gate condition; reference period

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_product_mass	accepted reference product and all aluminium material balance rows	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Use net mass after removal of packaging, transferable racks, process scrap, and rejected product; scale the accepted output to exactly 1,000 kg.
gas_volume_basis	natural gas	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	Report metered gas volume at the supplier or meter reference temperature and pressure; disclose those reference conditions and do not combine gas volume with energy without a documented conversion.
electricity_energy_basis	electricity	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	MJ	Preserve metered electricity before conversion; when converting kWh to MJ, use 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ and disclose whether transformer and on-site distribution losses are included.
solution_active_mass	sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid solutions	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Record delivered solution mass and concentration separately; report both as-received solution mass and calculated active-substance mass without substituting one for the other.

5. System Boundary

The foreground boundary begins with receipt of the declared aluminium feedstock and all purchased energy, water, lubricants, and surface-treatment chemicals. It includes route-specific billet or strip preparation; extrusion or strip forming and welding; drawing, straightening, cutting, bending, machining, joining, heat treatment, cleaning, anodizing, other declared surface treatment, inspection, internal scrap handling, wastewater treatment, and direct releases when these occur at the producing site. It ends with accepted product at the producing factory gate.

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased aluminium extrusion billet, aluminium strip, or another disclosed aluminium semi-finished feedstock arrives at the producing site with alloy, recycled-content basis, mass, supplier, and delivery state identified
starting_condition_role	foreground_gate_input
product_classification_scope	Aluminium tubes, pipes, and tube or pipe fittings represented by CPC 3.0 code 41536; classification is contextual and does not replace the semantic product qualifiers
recursive_input_rule	If an aluminium tube, pipe, or fitting from the same category is purchased for further fabrication, record it once as a product input with its upstream dataset and do not recursively reproduce its manufacture inside the same process
upstream_dataset_requirement	Use supplier-specific upstream datasets where available; otherwise use geographically, technologically, alloy-, product-state-, and recycled-content-representative datasets and disclose substitutions
disclosure	Declare starting feedstock form, supplier or data-source basis, alloy, primary/recycled content, route, all included finishing steps, internal scrap loop, direct emission compartments, and excluded off-site operations

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_factory_gate	all foreground packages	Include all on-site operations from receipt of aluminium feedstock through accepted product at the producing factory gate; exclude downstream distribution, installation, use, and end of life.	usitc-aluminium-extrusions-2022; european-aluminium-profile-report-2015
boundary_route_disclosure	forming route	Identify whether the product follows billet extrusion, post-extrusion drawing, rolled-strip forming and longitudinal welding, or fitting fabrication, and include only exchanges that actually cross that route boundary.	usitc-aluminium-extrusions-2022; european-aluminium-automotive-manual-2002
boundary_surface_treatment	surface treatment	Include caustic cleaning and sulfuric-acid anodizing exchanges only when those operations occur within the producing site; otherwise identify the mill-finished state or the upstream/downstream finishing dataset used.	usitc-aluminium-extrusions-2022

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
aluminium_tube_pipe_fitting_manufacturing	Aluminium tube, pipe, and fitting manufacturing	required	Always; individual exchange cards apply only when their stated route or operation occurs	Aggregated foreground manufacturing from identified aluminium feedstock through forming, optional drawing/welding/fabrication/heat treatment/surface treatment, inspection, and accepted factory-gate output	1,000 kg accepted aluminium tube, pipe, or fitting output

Process: Aluminium tube, pipe, and fitting manufacturing (aluminium_tube_pipe_fitting_manufacturing)

Inputs

Product flows

Aluminium extrusion billet (in_aluminium_extrusion_billet)

Record the mass of aluminium extrusion billet when the declared product route begins with billet extrusion. Do not use this row for rolled-strip welded tube or for a purchased same-category tube subsequently fabricated into a fitting.

• Selected flow: Aluminium extrusion billet
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured net billet mass charged to production, less any billet returned unused, allocated to accepted output
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
• Sources: usitc-aluminium-extrusions-2022; european-aluminium-profile-report-2015

Aluminium strip for welded tube (in_aluminium_strip)

Record this input only for a route that forms aluminium strip into a tube and longitudinally welds the strip edges.

• Selected flow: Aluminum strip 2eac52b0-66e2-4fe0-9329-655d6ee0a1c2
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured net aluminium strip mass issued to the welded-tube line, less unused returns, allocated to accepted output
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
• Sources: european-aluminium-automotive-manual-2002

Electricity (in_electricity)

Record metered purchased electricity used by included forming, welding, drawing, machining, heat-treatment, surface-treatment, abatement, water-treatment, and auxiliary operations.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Metered electricity for included operations, allocated to accepted output and converted under electricity_energy_basis
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: european-aluminium-profile-report-2015

Gaseous natural gas (in_natural_gas)

Record this input when natural gas is burned on site for billet heating, aging, heat treatment, drying, or another included thermal operation.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered natural-gas volume for included operations at disclosed reference conditions, allocated to accepted output
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: european-aluminium-profile-report-2015

Process water (in_process_water)

Record process water crossing the site boundary for quenching, cooling makeup, cleaning, rinsing, surface treatment, or wastewater-treatment preparation. Do not combine recirculated internal water with boundary input.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered or invoiced process-water mass entering the boundary, using measured density when converted from volume
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_records
• Sources: european-aluminium-profile-report-2015

Lubricating oil (in_lubricating_oil)

Record lubricating oil consumed by drawing, forming, cutting, machining, and other included equipment. Hydraulic oil retained in equipment is excluded unless make-up or replacement crosses the boundary during the reference period.

• Selected flow: lubricating oil aec6f1a5-7b09-4704-870d-434d3ada0edd
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Purchased plus opening stock minus closing stock and recoverable unused oil, allocated to accepted output
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_consumable_stock_records
• Sources: usitc-aluminium-extrusions-2022

Sodium hydroxide (in_sodium_hydroxide)

Record sodium hydroxide only when an included alkaline cleaning or etching bath consumes it; declare delivered solution concentration and active mass.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide e0abcced-0611-4c24-9290-5a2c5a0c4169
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: As-received solution mass and active sodium-hydroxide mass consumed by included baths, allocated to accepted output
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_surface_chemical_records
• Sources: usitc-aluminium-extrusions-2022

Sulfuric acid (in_sulfuric_acid)

Record sulfuric acid only when an included sulfuric-acid anodizing bath consumes it; declare delivered solution concentration and active mass.

• Selected flow: Sulfuric acid 7ee2e3c3-bee7-4520-92b7-3e23afbfcd6f
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: As-received solution mass and active sulfuric-acid mass consumed by included anodizing baths, allocated to accepted output
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_surface_chemical_records
• Sources: usitc-aluminium-extrusions-2022

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted aluminium tube, pipe, or fitting (out_reference_product)

This is the reference product after inspection and rejection handling. The declared product qualifiers determine which member of the category the dataset represents.

• Selected flow: Tubes, pipes and tube or pipe fittings, of aluminium ecc836aa-a727-46bb-ad13-4dd96e1c6f56
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net accepted product mass scaled to 1,000 kg
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
• Sources: src_unsd_cpc_3_0_2025

Segregated aluminium process scrap for recycling (out_aluminium_process_scrap)

Record clean billet ends, extrusion discard, saw chips, trim, weld-bead scarfing, machining chips, and rejected aluminium only after they are weighed as one chemically compatible segregated aluminium scrap stream sent to recycling. Separately record materially different or contaminated streams in the foreground package.

• Selected flow: Segregated aluminium process scrap for recycling
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured net mass of segregated aluminium process scrap leaving the foreground boundary for recycling
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
• Sources: european-aluminium-profile-report-2015

Waste flows

Used lubricating oil (out_used_lubricating_oil)

Record used lubricating oil transferred to a waste manager when lubricant replacement or oil-bearing maintenance occurs within the reference period.

• Selected flow: Used lubricating oil 55d93375-7f04-4166-b2a2-88ce929051a5
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured mass on waste transfer records, net of separately recovered usable oil
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_transfer_records
• Sources: usitc-aluminium-extrusions-2022

Aluminium-hydroxide surface-treatment sludge (out_aluminium_hydroxide_sludge)

Record this chemically specific sludge only when included caustic cleaning, etching, anodizing, rinsing, or wastewater neutralization produces an aluminium-hydroxide-rich sludge sent off site.

• Selected flow: Aluminium-hydroxide surface-treatment sludge
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured wet sludge mass and separately measured or laboratory-determined dry-solids fraction on waste transfer records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_transfer_records
• Sources: usitc-aluminium-extrusions-2022

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide from on-site fuel combustion (out_fossil_carbon_dioxide)

Record only direct fossil carbon dioxide crossing the site-to-air boundary from on-site combustion; exclude upstream electricity emissions and biogenic carbon dioxide.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Site stack measurement allocated to included operations and accepted output
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_air_emissions
• Sources: european-aluminium-profile-report-2015

Nitrogen oxides from on-site combustion (out_nitrogen_oxides)

Record direct nitrogen oxides only when the monitored release is assigned to non-urban air or a high stack. Do not use this row for indoor or urban-ground-level compartments.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen oxides 191b44d4-90c9-465a-8802-93a651b4fd52
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Site stack measurement for included combustion sources, allocated to accepted output
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_air_emissions
• Sources: european-aluminium-profile-report-2015

Aluminium released to air, unspecified (out_aluminium_to_air)

Record measured aluminium mass crossing the site-to-air boundary from cutting, machining, grinding, polishing, or other included operations after abatement. Use this row only when the receiving air compartment is unspecified.

• Selected flow: aluminium fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a72e-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured aluminium mass in direct air releases after on-site abatement, allocated to accepted output
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_air_emissions
• Sources: usitc-aluminium-extrusions-2022

Aluminium released to fresh water (out_aluminium_to_fresh_water)

Record measured aluminium mass crossing the site boundary in a direct freshwater discharge after on-site treatment. Exclude sewer transfers and sea-water or unspecified-water releases from this row.

• Selected flow: aluminium fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a732-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured aluminium mass in direct treated freshwater discharge, allocated to accepted output
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg accepted reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_water_emissions
• Sources: usitc-aluminium-extrusions-2022

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivision_first	route, line, and finishing operations	Prefer process subdivision and direct metering. Allocate shared electricity, fuel, water, consumables, wastes, and releases to the declared product using documented causal measures such as machine time, metered energy, bath loading, treated surface area, or accepted mass.
allocation_scrap_output	aluminium process scrap	Record segregated aluminium scrap as an explicit output and report its destination. Do not silently subtract scrap from billet or strip input, and do not add avoided-primary-aluminium credit inside the foreground gate-to-gate inventory.	european-aluminium-profile-report-2015
allocation_residual_choice	unavoidable multi-product operation	If subdivision and causal allocation are not feasible, use accepted product mass for physically similar outputs; disclose the allocation factor, affected exchanges, co-products, and sensitivity. Use economic allocation only when physical relations are demonstrably unsuitable.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_mass_balance	aluminium_tube_pipe_fitting_manufacturing	aluminium feedstock, accepted product, and segregated aluminium scrap	calibrated scales, production orders, inventory movements, and scrap dispatch records	opening stock; receipts; returns; charged mass; accepted mass; rejected mass; segregated scrap mass; closing stock; alloy; lot; route	reconcile lot or campaign weights to inventory movements and scale tickets	kg	each lot or campaign; reconcile monthly	at least 12 representative months or the full shorter production period	all included lines at the producing site	sum by compatible alloy and route, apply documented allocation, then normalize to 1,000 kg accepted product	scale calibration, lot reconciliation, inventory variance, and scrap transfer tickets
cp_energy_records	aluminium_tube_pipe_fitting_manufacturing	purchased electricity and natural gas	submeter, main meter, utility invoice, and operating log	meter start/end; invoice quantity; reference conditions; equipment/line; operating hours; downtime; allocation driver	prefer process submetering; reconcile submeters to site invoices	MJ electricity; m3 natural gas	continuous or each shift; reconcile monthly	same period as product output	all included forming, thermal, finishing, abatement, and auxiliary operations	subtract excluded loads, allocate shared loads causally, convert units under section 4, normalize to reference output	meter calibration, invoice reconciliation, and load-allocation record
cp_water_records	aluminium_tube_pipe_fitting_manufacturing	process water input	water meter, invoice, tank-level, and make-up log	source; meter start/end; make-up; blowdown; density; reuse/recirculation; operation served	meter boundary make-up by source and exclude internal recirculation	kg	continuous or daily; reconcile monthly	same period as product output	producing site and included water systems	sum boundary inputs by source, allocate by metered use or causal driver, normalize to reference output	meter calibration, water balance, invoice, and reuse-loop reconciliation
cp_consumable_stock_records	aluminium_tube_pipe_fitting_manufacturing	lubricating oil	purchase, issue, return, and stock records	opening stock; purchases; issued mass; recoverable return; closing stock; oil grade; operation	stock-balance calculation cross-checked to issue tickets	kg	each issue; reconcile monthly	same period as product output	included forming and machining equipment	opening plus purchases minus recoverable returns and closing stock, then allocate and normalize	stock count, purchase invoice, issue ticket, and variance investigation
cp_surface_chemical_records	aluminium_tube_pipe_fitting_manufacturing	sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid	bath make-up log, dosing meter, purchase record, and concentration test	chemical identity; solution mass; concentration; bath addition; bath discard; product lot; treated surface or mass	reconcile dosing and inventory; calculate active mass from measured concentration	kg solution and kg active substance	each addition; reconcile by batch and monthly	same period as included surface treatment	all included cleaning, etching, and anodizing baths	calculate active mass separately for each chemical, allocate by bath loading or treated mass, normalize to reference output	concentration test, dosing calibration, batch log, SDS, and stock reconciliation
cp_waste_transfer_records	aluminium_tube_pipe_fitting_manufacturing	used lubricating oil and aluminium-hydroxide sludge	container scale, waste manifest, laboratory report, and transfer record	waste identity; gross/tare/net mass; destination; treatment route; dry-solids fraction; hazardous status; date	use net transfer mass and keep each chemically distinct waste separate	kg	each shipment; reconcile monthly	same period as product output	all included on-site waste collection points	sum by exact waste identity, allocate shared batches by causal production measure, normalize to reference output	signed manifest, scale calibration, laboratory result, and contractor acceptance
cp_direct_air_emissions	aluminium_tube_pipe_fitting_manufacturing	fossil carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and aluminium to air	continuous monitor, stack test, or validated site mass balance	pollutant; concentration; gas flow; duration; stack; compartment; operating state; abatement; uncertainty	use measured direct releases and exclude upstream electricity and supplier emissions	kg	continuous monitoring or each compliant test campaign	representative operating period aligned to production	all included direct site emission points	integrate pollutant mass, allocate by source operation, normalize to reference output	monitor calibration, test report, operating log, and abatement record
cp_direct_water_emissions	aluminium_tube_pipe_fitting_manufacturing	aluminium to fresh water	discharge-flow meter and accredited effluent analysis	aluminium concentration; flow; date/time; receiving compartment; treatment status; detection limit; uncertainty	multiply measured concentration by matched discharge flow only for direct freshwater release	kg	each discharge composite or permit-monitoring interval	representative period aligned to production	included direct freshwater outfalls	sum measured aluminium mass, allocate to included production, normalize to reference output	laboratory accreditation, chain of custody, flow-meter calibration, and outfall identity

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	all inventory rows	normalized amount = period amount × 1,000 kg / net accepted reference-product mass in the same period	period exchange amount; net accepted output mass	exchange amount per 1,000 kg reference product
calc_active_chemical_mass	sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid	active-substance mass = as-received solution mass × measured mass fraction	solution mass; laboratory or supplier concentration	kg active substance and kg as-received solution
calc_material_reconciliation	aluminium mass balance	unresolved balance = aluminium feedstock mass − accepted product mass − segregated aluminium scrap mass − measured aluminium waste/release mass − closing work-in-process change	aluminium inputs, product, scrap, wastes/releases, and work-in-process change	reconciled aluminium mass-balance variance
calc_direct_discharge_mass	aluminium to fresh water	discharge mass = matched aluminium concentration × discharge volume, with unit conversion and non-detect treatment disclosed	concentration result; matched flow; detection-limit rule	kg aluminium released to fresh water

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	reference product	Link every reported lot to product form, alloy, temper, geometry, tolerance/specification, surface condition, route, and acceptance record.	production order, certificate of analysis/conformity, drawing or specification, and inspection release
dq_temporal_representativeness	all foreground records	Use a continuous period that captures normal route and finishing variability; justify shutdowns, start-ups, campaigns, or a period shorter than 12 months.	dated meter, production, inventory, laboratory, and waste records
dq_completeness	inventory boundary	Reconcile material, energy, water, chemical, waste, and emission records to the same product output and explain missing meters, estimates, exclusions, and data gaps.	signed reconciliation and data-gap log
dq_route_specificity	conditional exchanges	Mark every billet, strip, fuel, chemical, waste, and emission card as applicable or not applicable based on the declared manufacturing route; zero is not a substitute for an applicability decision.	process flow diagram, equipment list, operating logs, and route declaration
dq_uncertainty	measured and calculated values	Retain calibration status, sampling design, detection limits, allocation uncertainty, and conversion inputs sufficient to reproduce each normalized result.	calibration certificates, laboratory reports, calculation workbook, and reviewer trace

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validation_identity	reference product	Confirm that the output is an aluminium tube, pipe, or tube/pipe fitting and that every required qualifier in section 3 is present and consistent with production and inspection records.	src_unsd_cpc_3_0_2025
validation_inventory_accounting	inventory rows	Require every applicable row to carry one atomic flow, property, unit, amount rule, evidence kind, collection protocol, and normalization basis; require documented not-applicable decisions for route-conditional rows.
validation_mass_balance	aluminium inputs and outputs	Investigate the reconciled aluminium balance whenever input cannot be explained by accepted product, segregated scrap, measured aluminium wastes/releases, and work-in-process change; disclose the final variance and treatment.	european-aluminium-profile-report-2015
validation_energy_water	electricity, natural gas, and process water	Reconcile process records to site invoices or main meters, check conversion and reference conditions, and prevent double counting of internal recirculation or upstream emissions.
validation_compartments	direct releases	Confirm that fossil carbon dioxide excludes electricity-chain emissions, nitrogen oxides use the non-urban/high-stack compartment, aluminium-to-air uses unspecified air, and aluminium-to-water uses direct fresh water; use different flow identities when compartments differ.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	foreground manufacturing dataset suitable, after review, for publication as a secondary_dataset or background_dataset
downstream_use	product carbon footprint, life-cycle inventory, process dataset, and lifecyclemodel studies requiring factory-gate aluminium tube, pipe, or fitting production
allowed_use	Use when product form, alloy, temper, dimensions, surface condition, route, geography, technology, recycled-content basis, time period, and boundary are representative or explicitly adjusted
excluded_use	Do not use as a generic primary-aluminium dataset, as a use-phase or installation model, for non-aluminium tubes/fittings, or for a route/finish whose conditional exchanges are unrepresented
required_metadata	PCR id and version; product qualifiers; reference flow UUID; site and geography; reference period; route and equipment; surface treatment; primary/recycled-content basis; upstream dataset choices; allocation; completeness; uncertainty; verification status
required_quality_disclosure	Foreground coverage; meter and scale calibration; material-balance variance; allocation shares; missing data and estimates; direct-release measurement method; waste destinations; representativeness and limitations
update_trigger	Material change in alloy/feedstock or recycled content, forming or welding route, heat treatment, surface treatment, energy or water system, abatement, allocation, site geography, supplier datasets, or production technology; otherwise review at the organization’s documented dataset-review interval

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
src_unsd_cpc_3_0_2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 structure, 30 June 2025, code 41536. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv (retrieved 2026-09-04)	Official product classification identity and scope anchor
usitc-aluminium-extrusions-2022	official_guidance	U.S. International Trade Commission, Aluminum Extrusions from China, Publication 5375, October 2022. https://www.usitc.gov/publications/701_731/pub5375.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-04)	Billet extrusion, drawn tubing, cooling, stretching, cutting, aging, anodizing, chemical pretreatment, and fabrication process decomposition
european-aluminium-profile-report-2015	dataset	European Aluminium, Environmental Profile Report for the European Aluminium Industry, data year 2015. https://european-aluminium.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/environmental-profile-report-for-the-european-aluminium-industry.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-04)	Extrusion boundary, billet input, energy/water input categories, direct output categories, and separate process-scrap recycling flow
european-aluminium-automotive-manual-2002	handbook	European Aluminium Association, The Aluminium Automotive Manual: Special Materials Production, version 2002, section 6.2.2. https://european-aluminium.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/aam-materials-6-special-materials-production.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-04)	Rolled-strip input and HF-welded aluminium tube sequence: slitting, edge preparation, roll forming, resistance welding, bead removal, cooling, sizing, cutting, and transfer