Raisins

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers food-grade raisins made by drying sound grapes of Vitis vinifera L. for direct consumption, catering, or repacking. It covers seedless and seed-bearing raisins, seeded or unseeded forms, and cluster raisins. The foreground boundary begins with received grapes at the raisin-producing facility and ends with declared net mass of packaged raisins at the packaging-facility gate.

The data package shall preserve grape identity and declare the drying technique, any dipping, sulphuring, bleaching, seed removal, washing, moisture adjustment, pasteurization, coating, or other conditioning actually used. Natural, treated, preserved, coated, seedless, seeded, cluster, and similar claims shall be used only when supported by the batch records and applicable food requirements. Dried currants, other dried fruit species, fried fruit, confectionery whose identity is no longer raisins, grape cultivation, distribution, retail, use, and packaging end of life are outside this foreground scope. Upstream and downstream datasets remain necessary when the study goal requires a full life cycle.

Batch linkage shall maintain the same declared grape lot or documented blend identity through all four foreground processes and shall not replace that identity with a generic dried-fruit flow.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.meat-fish-fruits-vegetables-oils-and-fats.raisins
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 21411 Raisins
covered_products	Marketable food-grade raisins from sound dried grapes of Vitis vinifera L., excluding currant types; seedless or seed-bearing; seeded, unseeded, or cluster form; untreated, treated, preserved, or coated when declared
excluded_products	Dried currants; dried fruit from other species; fried fruit; raisin-containing confectionery or mixtures not sold as raisins; grapes intended only for wine, juice, or fresh consumption
representative_product	One kilogram net mass of food-grade raisins, with the actual grape identity, drying route, moisture class, conditioning, treatment, style, and package declared
production_route	Receipt and pre-treatment of sound grapes; one declared primary drying technique or a documented sequential hybrid; moisture conditioning, cleaning and grading; net-mass packaging
market_state	Packaged bulk or retail raisins at the packaging-facility gate, fit for the declared food use

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Food-grade raisins that preserve dried-grape identity and provide edible dried fruit
How much	1 kg net edible product mass, excluding packaging
How well	Sound dried Vitis vinifera L. grapes, excluding currant types, meeting the declared moisture, style, treatment, coating, cleanliness, and food-grade specifications
How long or cycle	One released production batch at the packaging-facility gate; storage duration is not part of the functional unit and shall be declared separately when modelled
reference_flow_link	1 kg of the reference product flow realizes the functional unit

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg net mass
Reference product flow	Raisins e2741aa4-2dfe-487f-a0fe-fd5d6dd3302d
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	grape species and variety or varietal group; seed type and form; drying technique; untreated, treated, or preserved status; dipping, sulphuring, bleaching, pasteurization, coating, and seed-removal status; release moisture content and test method; conditioning method; net-mass basis; bulk or retail package format and packaging materials; food-grade specification; production geography and period

When constructing a foreground data package, every item listed in Required qualifiers shall be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, the reference-flow comment, the product description, or an equivalent data-package field. Missing qualifiers make the reference flow incomplete.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_net_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Use released net edible raisin mass after conditioning and before or at packaging; exclude all packaging and tare.
batch_mass_consistency	grapes, intermediate dried grapes, raisins, residues, and packaging	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Preserve measured batch masses and normalize only after closing the process-level mass balance; do not treat moisture loss as missing mass.
release_moisture	packaged raisins	Mass fraction	% by mass	Record the measured release moisture and method. For Codex CXS 360-2020 conformity, the maximum is 31% for Malaga Muscatel, 19% for Monukka and seed-bearing varieties, and 18% for all other styles or types; apply the limit matching the declared product.
energy_carrier_separation	drying, finishing, and packaging energy	Energy	kWh or MJ	Keep purchased electricity, each fuel, and recovered or on-site energy separate in their native units; state conversions and do not count solar drying energy as purchased heat.
packaging_mass_separation	primary, secondary, and transport packaging	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Record each packaging material separately and report its mass per kilogram net raisins; package gross mass shall not replace net product mass.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Sound grapes received at the raisin-producing facility, with supplier, grape identity, origin, received mass, and incoming moisture or equivalent condition declared
starting_condition_role	Upstream product input to the foreground raisin-production system
product_classification_scope	Raisins as a semantic product category, with CPC 3.0 code 21411 retained only as an external classification reference
recursive_input_rule	Purchased raisins or partly dried grapes used as an input shall remain a separate upstream product exchange with origin and processing state declared; do not relabel them as fresh grapes or recreate their upstream burdens inside the receiving process
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link representative grape-cultivation and other purchased-input datasets matching geography, technology, period, and declared treatment; disclose proxies and data gaps
disclosure	Declare grape identity, drying route and any sequential hybrid, treatment and conditioning steps, release moisture, yield, allocation, packaging configuration, temporal and geographic coverage, exclusions, and upstream dataset choices

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_foreground_chain	foreground raisin production	Include receipt and actual pre-treatment, the declared drying route, finishing and moisture conditioning, and packaging, together with all material, water, energy, waste, and direct elementary flows that cross those process boundaries.	codex-cxs-360-2020, eu-pef-2021-2279
boundary_route_exclusivity	drying techniques	Model the technique actually used. Sun or solar drying and heated dehydration are alternatives unless batch evidence shows a sequential hybrid; a hybrid shall state sequence and meter each energy input without duplicate drying burden.	codex-cxs-360-2020
boundary_upstream_grapes	received grapes and partly processed grape inputs	Keep cultivation and any supplier-side drying or treatment in linked upstream datasets, while preserving grape identity and received processing state at the foreground boundary.	eu-pef-2021-2279
boundary_downstream	distribution, storage, use, and end of life	Exclude these stages from the packaging-gate foreground dataset, identify the exclusion, and add representative downstream stages when a full life-cycle result is produced.	eu-pef-2021-2279

6. Process Inventory Structure

All amounts are collected for the same production batch and normalized to 1 kg net packaged raisins. Every range marked reasoned_estimate is a deliberately broad, temporary screening guardrail applicable only when representative foreground or reviewed external evidence is unavailable. It is not a default inventory value. Replace it when representative batch measurements, audited supplier records, or reviewed transferable evidence become available; values outside it are permitted when documented and verified.

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
grape_receiving_pretreatment	Grape receipt and route-specific pre-treatment	required	Always; include only the washing, dipping, sulphuring, bleaching, seed-related, or other preparation operations actually performed	foreground preparation	kg prepared grapes transferred to drying
grape_drying	Declared grape drying route	required	Exactly one primary technique, or one documented sequential hybrid, per represented batch	foreground dehydration	kg dried grapes leaving the drying step
raisin_finishing	Moisture conditioning, cleaning, sorting, and optional coating	required	Always; optional unit operations and inputs only when performed	foreground finishing	kg conditioned raisins released to packaging
raisin_packaging	Net-mass filling and packaging	required	Always for the declared bulk or retail market state	foreground packaging	1 kg net packaged raisins

Process: Grape receipt and route-specific pre-treatment (grape_receiving_pretreatment)

Inputs

Product flows

Received sound grapes (received_grapes)

Record grapes by supplier lot, Vitis vinifera identity, origin, received mass, and incoming condition. Do not substitute generic fruit or already dried raisins for fresh grapes without declaring the changed starting condition.

• Selected flow: Sound grapes, declared variety or varietal group
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured received mass assigned to the represented batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net packaged raisins
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_receiving_batch
• Sources: codex-cxs-360-2020
• Range: Temporary fresh-grape input screening guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 2
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: kg/kg net packaged raisins
  • Basis: received fresh-grape mass per 1 kg net packaged raisins; temporary until representative batch yield evidence is available
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Pre-treatment water (pretreatment_water)

Record metered or reconciled water that contacts grapes during washing, dipping, rinsing, or solution preparation. Report zero only when no such water crosses the foreground boundary.

• Selected flow: Process water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured or reconciled water supplied to the batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net packaged raisins
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_receiving_batch
• Range: Temporary pre-treatment-water screening guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 5
  • Unit: kg/kg net packaged raisins
  • Basis: water entering pre-treatment per 1 kg net packaged raisins; temporary until representative metered batches are available
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Route-specific food-grade pre-treatment materials (pretreatment_materials)

Create a separate exchange for every alkaline dipping material, oil, sulphuring or bleaching material, or other processing aid actually used. Preserve food-grade specification and concentration; do not add mutually exclusive route inputs to batches where they were not used.

• Selected flow: Declared food-grade pre-treatment material, one exchange per material
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured material mass in supplied form; record zero or omit only with documented non-use
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net packaged raisins
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_receiving_batch
• Sources: codex-cxs-360-2020
• Range: Temporary pre-treatment-material screening guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 2
  • Unit: kg supplied material/kg net packaged raisins
  • Basis: total supplied route-specific pre-treatment materials per 1 kg net packaged raisins; temporary until representative formulation records are available
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared grapes transferred to drying (prepared_grapes)

Record the actual mass transferred after separation of removed stems, rejected fruit, and drained treatment liquid.

• Selected flow: Prepared grapes for drying
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net packaged raisins
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_receiving_batch
• Range: Temporary prepared-grape transfer screening guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1.5
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: kg/kg net packaged raisins
  • Basis: prepared grapes transferred per 1 kg net packaged raisins; temporary until representative batch balances are available
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Pre-treatment residues and wastewater (pretreatment_residues)

Record wastewater, removed stems, rejected grapes, and spent treatment solution as separate waste exchanges in the produced dataset, retaining treatment destination and hazardous or food-process classification where applicable.

• Selected flow: Declared pre-treatment residue or wastewater, one exchange per waste type
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured or mass-balance-reconciled quantity sent to each treatment or recovery route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net packaged raisins
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_receiving_batch
• Range: Temporary pre-treatment-residue screening guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 6
  • Unit: kg/kg net packaged raisins
  • Basis: combined screening total before separation into individual waste exchanges; temporary until representative batch balances are available
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Declared grape drying route (grape_drying)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared grapes entering drying (drying_grape_input)

Use the measured transfer from prepared_grapes; batch and grape identity shall remain unchanged.

• Selected flow: Prepared grapes for drying
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: linked measured output of grape_receiving_pretreatment
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net packaged raisins
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_drying_batch
• Range: Temporary drying-input screening guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1.5
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: kg/kg net packaged raisins
  • Basis: prepared grapes entering the declared drying route per 1 kg net packaged raisins; temporary until representative batch balances are available
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Drying energy carriers (drying_energy)

Record purchased electricity and each fuel separately. For sun or solar drying, record only measured auxiliary energy. For heated dehydration, record the actual heat source and efficiency basis. A sequential hybrid shall meter each stage and state the sequence.

• Selected flow: Declared electricity or fuel, one exchange per energy carrier
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh or MJ
• Amount rule: metered, invoiced, or equipment-log energy assigned to the batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net packaged raisins
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_drying_batch
• Range: Temporary purchased drying-energy screening guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 50
  • Unit: MJ equivalent/kg net packaged raisins
  • Basis: purchased electricity and fuels converted without counting ambient solar energy; temporary until route-representative metered batches are available
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Dried grapes leaving the declared route (dried_grapes)

Record dried-grape mass and moisture at dryer exit before subsequent moisture conditioning. Preserve the declared drying technique and treatment history.

• Selected flow: Dried grapes for raisin finishing
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured dryer-exit mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net packaged raisins
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_drying_batch
• Sources: codex-cxs-360-2020
• Range: Temporary dryer-output screening guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 2
  • Unit: kg/kg net packaged raisins
  • Basis: dried grapes before finishing per 1 kg net packaged raisins; temporary until representative batch balances are available
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Water removed to air during drying (drying_water_to_air)

Calculate water removed from the batch mass-and-moisture balance. Report measured liquid drainage or wastewater separately and do not classify it as water to air.

• Selected flow: Water to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calculated by calc_drying_water_balance
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net packaged raisins
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_drying_batch
• Range: Temporary evaporated-water screening guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.5
  • Upper: 9
  • Unit: kg/kg net packaged raisins
  • Basis: calculated water removed to air per 1 kg net packaged raisins; temporary until representative batch moisture balances are available
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Moisture conditioning, cleaning, sorting, and optional coating (raisin_finishing)

Inputs

Product flows

Dried grapes entering finishing (finishing_dried_grapes)

Use the measured output of grape_drying; keep batch, grape, treatment, and drying-route identity linked.

• Selected flow: Dried grapes for raisin finishing
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: linked measured output of grape_drying
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net packaged raisins
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_batch
• Range: Temporary finishing-input screening guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 2
  • Unit: kg/kg net packaged raisins
  • Basis: dried grapes entering finishing per 1 kg net packaged raisins; temporary until representative batch balances are available
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Conditioning water and food-grade finishing materials (finishing_materials)

Record added water, edible oil, flour, or other food-grade coating or conditioning material separately. Declare the purpose, concentration, and supplier specification; record only materials actually applied.

• Selected flow: Declared conditioning water or food-grade finishing material, one exchange per material
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured applied mass in supplied form
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net packaged raisins
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_batch
• Sources: codex-cxs-360-2020
• Range: Temporary finishing-material screening guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.5
  • Unit: kg/kg net packaged raisins
  • Basis: total added conditioning water and food-grade materials before separation into individual exchanges; temporary until representative formulation records are available
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Finishing energy (finishing_energy)

Record electricity and heat for cleaning, stem or seed removal, moisture conditioning, pasteurization, sorting, grading, and coating only when those operations occur.

• Selected flow: Declared electricity or fuel, one exchange per energy carrier
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh or MJ
• Amount rule: metered or equipment-log energy assigned to the batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net packaged raisins
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_batch
• Range: Temporary finishing-energy screening guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: MJ equivalent/kg net packaged raisins
  • Basis: purchased finishing energy per 1 kg net packaged raisins; temporary until representative metered batches are available
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Conditioned food-grade raisins (conditioned_raisins)

Record release mass, moisture, style, treatment, coating, and food-grade disposition after sorting and before packaging.

• Selected flow: Raisins e2741aa4-2dfe-487f-a0fe-fd5d6dd3302d
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured accepted mass released to packaging
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net packaged raisins
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_batch
• Sources: codex-cxs-360-2020
• Range: Temporary finishing-yield screening guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1.5
  • Unit: kg/kg net packaged raisins
  • Basis: accepted raisins released to packaging per 1 kg net packaged raisins; temporary until representative batch balances are available
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Finishing rejects and wastewater (finishing_residues)

Record removed stems, seeds, off-specification raisins, dust, wastewater, and spent materials as separate exchanges with their actual treatment or recovery destinations.

• Selected flow: Declared finishing residue or wastewater, one exchange per waste type
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured or mass-balance-reconciled quantity to each destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net packaged raisins
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_batch
• Range: Temporary finishing-residue screening guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg net packaged raisins
  • Basis: combined screening total before separation into individual waste exchanges; temporary until representative batch balances are available
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Net-mass filling and packaging (raisin_packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Conditioned raisins supplied to packaging (packaging_raisin_input)

Use the measured accepted output of raisin_finishing; retain batch and all required product qualifiers.

• Selected flow: Raisins e2741aa4-2dfe-487f-a0fe-fd5d6dd3302d
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: linked measured output of raisin_finishing
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net packaged raisins
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_batch
• Range: Temporary packaging-input screening guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1.5
  • Unit: kg/kg net packaged raisins
  • Basis: conditioned raisins supplied to packaging per 1 kg net packaged raisins; temporary until representative filling balances are available
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Packaging materials (packaging_materials)

Record primary, secondary, and transport packaging separately by material and actual package configuration. Include labels, closures, liners, and pallets when they cross the declared boundary.

• Selected flow: Declared packaging material, one exchange per material
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured, bill-of-materials, or purchase-reconciled packaging mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net packaged raisins
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_batch
• Sources: codex-cxs-360-2020, eu-pef-2021-2279
• Range: Temporary packaging-mass screening guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.001
  • Upper: 0.5
  • Unit: kg/kg net packaged raisins
  • Basis: total packaging supplied per 1 kg net packaged raisins; temporary until representative bills of materials are available
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Packaging energy (packaging_energy)

Record metered or equipment-log electricity and other energy for filling, sealing, coding, check-weighing, and pallet preparation.

• Selected flow: Declared electricity or fuel, one exchange per energy carrier
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh or MJ
• Amount rule: metered or equipment-log energy assigned to packaged output
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net packaged raisins
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_batch
• Range: Temporary packaging-energy screening guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 5
  • Unit: MJ equivalent/kg net packaged raisins
  • Basis: purchased packaging energy per 1 kg net packaged raisins; temporary until representative metered batches are available
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Net packaged raisins (packaged_raisins)

The reference output is the verified net edible mass of released raisins. Packaging mass and tare remain separate inputs.

• Selected flow: Raisins e2741aa4-2dfe-487f-a0fe-fd5d6dd3302d
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: fixed normalization output of 1 kg verified net raisins
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279
• Range: Reference-flow identity check
  • Range role: Allowed range (allowed_range)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg reference flow
  • Basis: exact normalized net product output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Waste flows

Packaging scrap and rejected packs (packaging_scrap)

Record trim, damaged packaging, rejected packs, and recovered raisins separately; do not combine recovered product with packaging waste.

• Selected flow: Declared packaging scrap or rejected-pack component, one exchange per waste type
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured or material-balance-reconciled quantity to each treatment or recovery destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net packaged raisins
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_batch
• Range: Temporary packaging-scrap screening guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.2
  • Unit: kg/kg net packaged raisins
  • Basis: combined packaging scrap before separation into individual waste exchanges; temporary until representative packaging balances are available
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivision_first	shared receiving, drying, finishing, and packaging operations	Avoid allocation by subdividing batches, lines, or metered operations whenever separate records are available.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_physical_then_other	unavoidable multi-functional operations	When subdivision is not possible, use and document a relevant causal physical relationship. Use another relationship, such as economic value, only when no defensible physical relationship exists; disclose quantities, prices, period, and sensitivity.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_residue_status	rejected grapes, stems, seeds, recovered raisins, and other outputs	Treat an output sent for disposal as waste and assign its treatment to the process. If an output is sold or used as a co-product, preserve its mass and destination and apply the declared allocation hierarchy; do not award an undocumented avoided-burden credit.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_packaging_line	shared packaging utilities	Allocate shared packaging energy and consumables using a measured driver that reflects causality, such as machine time, filled net mass, or package count; state the driver and ensure all line outputs are covered.	eu-pef-2021-2279

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_receiving_batch	grape_receiving_pretreatment	received grapes, water, treatment materials, prepared grapes, and residues	batch record	batch_id; supplier_lot; grape_species; variety_group; origin; received_mass_kg; incoming_condition; water_kg; material_name; material_mass_kg; prepared_mass_kg; residue_type; residue_mass_kg; destination	calibrated scales, meters, formulation sheets, and waste records reconciled to one batch	kg	every batch	all batches in represented production period	all included receiving and pre-treatment operations	sum by identified flow and batch, then divide by verified net packaged output	calibration records; supplier certificates; formulation records; batch mass balance; waste transfer records
cp_drying_batch	grape_drying	grape input, energy carriers, dried output, moisture, and water removed	batch and meter record	batch_id; drying_technique; sequence; grape_input_kg; input_moisture_pct; energy_carrier; energy_quantity; energy_unit; dried_output_kg; exit_moisture_pct; liquid_loss_kg; drying_time	batch-linked scales, moisture tests, utility meters, invoices, and equipment logs	kg; % by mass; kWh; MJ; h	every batch and meter period	all represented drying batches, covering seasonal variation	all declared drying equipment and stages	reconcile energy to batch; calculate output-weighted moisture and batch mass balance; normalize to net packaged output	scale and moisture-method records; meter reconciliation; route log; mass-balance closure
cp_finishing_batch	raisin_finishing	dried input, conditioning materials, energy, accepted raisins, and residues	batch record	batch_id; dried_input_kg; operation; water_added_kg; material_name; material_mass_kg; energy_quantity; energy_unit; accepted_mass_kg; release_moisture_pct; style; treatment_status; residue_type; residue_mass_kg; destination	calibrated scales, laboratory or validated moisture method, formulation sheets, meters, and disposition records	kg; % by mass; kWh; MJ	every batch	all finishing batches in represented period	all included conditioning, cleaning, sorting, coating, and pasteurization operations	sum separately by flow; mass-weight moisture results; normalize to net packaged output	calibration and test records; food-grade supplier specification; batch release; residue reconciliation
cp_packaging_batch	raisin_packaging	raisin input, net output, packaging materials, energy, and scrap	packaging run record	batch_id; package_format; units_filled; declared_net_mass_kg; verified_net_mass_kg; tare_kg; material_name; material_mass_kg; energy_quantity; energy_unit; scrap_type; scrap_mass_kg; destination	check-weigher or calibrated scales, packaging bill of materials, stock reconciliation, meters, and scrap records	kg; kWh; MJ; count	every packaging run	all runs associated with represented raisin batches	all included bulk and retail packaging configurations	calculate verified net output; sum each packaging material and waste route separately; normalize to net output	scale checks; legal-metrology or internal verification record; bill of materials; stock and scrap reconciliation

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	every foreground flow	normalized amount = batch-assigned flow quantity / verified net packaged raisin mass	batch flow quantity; verified net packaged raisin mass	amount per 1 kg net packaged raisins	eu-pef-2021-2279
calc_drying_water_balance	water removed to air	water to air = prepared-grape input mass + added drying-stage materials - dried-grape output mass - separately measured liquid and solid outputs; compare with moisture-basis calculation and investigate material discrepancy	input and output masses; input and exit moisture; liquid and solid losses	kg water to air and mass-balance closure
calc_net_packaged_mass	packaged reference output	verified net mass = gross filled-package mass - measured tare, or sum of independently verified net contents; packaging mass shall not enter the reference output	gross mass; tare; check-weigher or net-content records	kg net packaged raisins	codex-cxs-360-2020
calc_shared_operation_assignment	unavoidable shared utilities	assigned amount = total shared quantity × documented causal driver share; shares across all outputs shall sum to one	total shared quantity; driver for each output	assigned batch utility or material amount	eu-pef-2021-2279

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	all represented batches	Trace the output to Vitis vinifera grape lots and retain variety or varietal group, seed type and form, drying technique, treatment history, conditioning, coating, moisture class, food-grade release, and package format.	supplier lot records; route and formulation logs; batch release certificate
dq_measurement	mass, moisture, water, material, and energy records	Use calibrated or verified instruments and retain test methods, unit conversions, meter allocation, tare determination, and missing-data treatment.	calibration certificates; moisture-method record; meter and scale checks; conversion worksheet
dq_temporal_coverage	represented production period	Cover all batches or a justified representative sample spanning relevant grape origins, drying routes, seasonal conditions, and package formats; state exclusions.	production schedule; batch list; sampling rationale; coverage calculation
dq_completeness	each foreground process	Reconcile product inputs, product outputs, residues, wastewater, water to air, treatment materials, energy carriers, and packaging. Explain material mass-balance gaps and disclose unmeasured direct elementary flows.	process mass balances; utility reconciliation; waste records; completeness checklist
dq_representativeness	foreground and linked upstream data	Assess and disclose technological, geographical, time-related representativeness, and precision for important datasets and flows.	data-quality assessment following eu-pef-2021-2279; proxy justification
dq_provisional_ranges	every reasoned_estimate range	Treat the range only as a temporary QA screen when stronger evidence is unavailable. Do not substitute its midpoint for foreground data. Replace or retire it when representative batch measurements, audited supplier data, or reviewed transferable evidence are obtained, and document the replacement decision.	range register; data-improvement plan; reviewed replacement evidence

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validation_reference_identity	reference flow	Confirm the exact Raisins product-flow UUID, Mass property UUID, Units of mass UUID, 1 kg net amount, and every required qualifier; reject a gross-package-mass reference.	unsd-cpc-3-21411, codex-cxs-360-2020
validation_grape_identity	product and inputs	Confirm sound dried Vitis vinifera grape identity and exclusion of currant types and other dried fruits; verify that upstream starting condition matches fresh, partly dried, or purchased-raisin inputs actually used.	codex-cxs-360-2020
validation_route_exclusivity	drying inventory	Confirm one declared primary drying technique per batch, or a documented sequential hybrid. Reject simultaneous sun/solar and heated-route burdens when no hybrid evidence exists.	codex-cxs-360-2020
validation_moisture_and_conditioning	released raisins	Confirm the release moisture result, applicable product style, test method, and all water addition, further drying, pasteurization, treatment, or coating records; apply the Codex maximum corresponding to the declared type.	codex-cxs-360-2020
validation_mass_balance	all four processes	Confirm linked intermediate masses and investigate unexplained mass-balance gaps; moisture removed to air, wastewater, residues, recovered product, and packaging scrap shall not be silently omitted or double counted.	eu-pef-2021-2279
validation_packaging_net_mass	packaged output	Confirm package format, packaging material masses, tare, verified net edible raisin mass, and separate packaging scrap; normalized net output shall equal exactly 1 kg.	codex-cxs-360-2020, eu-pef-2021-2279
validation_foreground_priority	important inventory flows	Confirm that actual batch records produce inventory values. Flag any retained reasoned_estimate as provisional and require its applicability, temporary status, and replacement trigger to remain disclosed.	eu-pef-2021-2279
validation_allocation	shared or multi-output operations	Confirm subdivision first, documented causal allocation when unavoidable, full coverage of outputs, and disclosure of any non-physical relationship and sensitivity.	eu-pef-2021-2279

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground raisin-production dataset from received grapes to packaged raisins at the packaging-facility gate
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset when independently reviewed and sufficiently representative for reuse
allowed_use	Foreground food-production modelling, supply-chain inventories, packaging-gate comparisons within equivalent scope, and full life-cycle studies that add representative upstream and downstream stages
excluded_use	Claims about grape cultivation, consumer storage or use, packaging end of life, other dried fruits, or comparative assertions across unmatched drying routes, moisture classes, treatments, grape identities, or package formats without additional modelling and review
required_metadata	canonical PCR id and version used; product-flow UUID; grape and batch identity; geography and period; drying technique and sequence; treatment and conditioning; release moisture and method; seed type and form; coating; net mass and package format; foreground boundary; upstream datasets; allocation; exclusions
required_quality_disclosure	data coverage; scale, meter, and moisture-method quality; mass-balance closure; technological, geographical, and temporal representativeness; precision; proxies; missing flows; provisional reasoned estimates and replacement status
update_trigger	new reviewed Codex or classification scope; changed product-flow identity; material route, treatment, moisture, packaging, or allocation change; representative batch evidence that replaces a provisional range; audit finding; or data older than the declared representativeness period

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-3-21411	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification Version 3.0, subclass 21411 “Raisins”, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/CPC (retrieved 2026-08-11)	external classification reference and product-category naming
codex-cxs-360-2020	standard	FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius, CXS 360-2020, General Standard for Dried Fruits, including Annex C Raisins, https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fworkspace.fao.org%2Fsites%2Fcodex%2FStandards%2FCXS%2B360-2020%2FCXS_360e.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-11)	raisin identity, grape species, drying and treatment variants, food-grade quality, moisture limits, conditioning, packaging, and labelling qualifiers
eu-pef-2021-2279	official_guidance	European Commission, Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279, Annex I Product Environmental Footprint Method and Annex II PEFCR requirements, ELI http://data.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/2021-12-30/eng (retrieved 2026-08-11)	functional unit, reference flow, system boundary, inventory completeness, multi-functionality hierarchy, foreground data quality, representativeness, and dataset disclosure