Prepared dishes and meals based on vegetables, pulses and potatoes

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to factory-prepared, seasoned and cooked dishes or complete meals in which vegetables, pulses, or potatoes are the main ingredients. It covers ambient-stable, chilled, and frozen market states and requires the exact recipe, preservation route, packaging configuration, and storage condition to be declared. The foreground boundary begins with accepted ingredients and packaging at the manufacturing-site receiving gate and ends with the net prepared meal, in its saleable package, at the manufacturing-site gate.

The PCR excludes dishes primarily based on meat, fish, molluscs, crustaceans, cereals, couscous, stuffed pasta, or pizza; single-ingredient vegetables or potatoes that are merely preserved; restaurant or household meal preparation; and agricultural production except through required upstream datasets. A recipe may contain minor cereal, dairy, egg, or other ingredients only when vegetables, pulses, or potatoes remain the defining basis; each actual ingredient must then be represented by its own atomic inventory row.

The inventory below uses a representative potato–chickpea vegetable meal to make atomic exchanges explicit. A data producer shall replace or extend the ingredient cards with one card per actual recipe ingredient without merging ingredients into a collection row.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.meat-fish-fruits-vegetables-oils-and-fats.prepared-dishes-and-meals-based-on-vegetables-pulses-and-potatoes
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 21391, exact mapping context
covered_products	Ready-made, seasoned and cooked dishes or meals with vegetables, pulses, or potatoes as main ingredients; ambient-stable, chilled, or frozen
excluded_products	Meat-, fish-, cereal-, couscous-, stuffed-pasta-, or pizza-based meals; merely preserved single ingredients; food-service and household preparation
representative_product	Packaged potato–chickpea vegetable meal
production_route	Ingredient receiving; washing, sorting, peeling/cutting and pulse hydration as applicable; formulation and cooking; filling and sealing; thermal preservation and/or chilling/freezing; on-site storage
market_state	Declared as ambient-stable, chilled, or frozen at the manufacturing-site gate

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Supply a prepared, seasoned and cooked vegetable-, pulse-, or potato-based dish or meal for consumption after the declared final preparation
How much	1,000 kg net prepared meal, excluding packaging, at the manufacturing-site gate
How well	Meets the declared recipe, ingredient predominance, food-safety controls, preservation route, packaging integrity, storage condition, and applicable product specification
How long or cycle	One production reporting period; shelf life is a required product qualifier rather than an extension of the reference amount
reference_flow_link	reference_product_flow

Field	Value
Reference amount	1,000 kg net prepared meal
Reference product flow	Prepared vegetable-, pulse-, or potato-based dish or meal
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	actual recipe and ingredient mass fractions; dominant ingredient basis; ambient/chilled/frozen market state; ready-to-eat or reheating status; preservation route; net mass and packaging exclusion; manufacturing geography and technology; storage temperature; declared shelf life; reporting period

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report 1,000 kg of net edible prepared meal at the manufacturing-site gate; exclude all packaging mass from the reference amount.
ingredient_mass	every recipe ingredient	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Record each ingredient separately on an as-received mass basis and retain moisture or solids content when it materially changes comparability.
utility_energy	electricity, steam, purchased heat, and fuels	Energy or fuel-specific mass/volume	kWh, MJ, kg, or m3	Preserve measured billing or meter units, identify lower or higher heating value where fuel energy is converted, and normalize only after unit conversion is documented.
water_mass_volume	process and sanitation water	Mass or volume	kg or m3	Distinguish recipe water, preparation water, and sanitation water; document density assumptions when converting volume to mass.
packaging_mass	each packaging component	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Measure each primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging material separately; do not include packaging in the net-product reference amount.
emission_load	direct air and water emissions	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Calculate a pollutant load from measured concentration and measured flow over the same period, or use a documented direct mass measurement.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Accepted food ingredients, processing aids, cleaning chemicals, packaging components, and utilities at the manufacturing-site receiving gate
starting_condition_role	Foreground manufacturing entry condition
product_classification_scope	Prepared dishes and meals whose defining main ingredients are vegetables, pulses, or potatoes
recursive_input_rule	A purchased prepared ingredient already within this product category is recorded once as a specific product input with an upstream dataset; do not reopen its internal preparation inside this foreground system.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Each purchased ingredient, packaging component, electricity supply, fuel, refrigerant, chemical, and treatment service requires a geographically and technologically representative upstream dataset.
disclosure	Declare ingredient origin and state, recipe, preparation and preservation route, shared-equipment treatment, packaging configuration, cold-chain condition at the gate, waste treatment destination, exclusions, and any recursive same-category input.

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
boundary_rule_1	foreground manufacturing	Include ingredient preparation, formulation/cooking, filling/sealing, applicable preservation and on-site cold storage, sanitation, on-site waste handling, and direct emissions from the manufacturing site.	rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables; schmidt-rivera-et-al-2014-convenience-food
boundary_rule_2	upstream and downstream stages	Exclude agriculture, ingredient manufacture, packaging manufacture, distribution beyond the site gate, consumer storage/preparation, and end of life from foreground collection, but link representative background datasets when the study boundary includes them.	ec-pef-2021-2279
boundary_rule_3	route-specific operations	Include pulse hydration, blanching, retorting/pasteurisation, chilling, freezing, and wastewater treatment only when used; mark each absent atomic exchange or process as not applicable and retain the route declaration.	rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables; codex-cxc-1-1969

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
ingredient_preparation	Ingredient receiving and preparation	required	All products	Foreground ingredient acceptance, washing, sorting, peeling, cutting, and pulse hydration where used	kg accepted or prepared ingredient
formulation_cooking	Formulation and cooking	required	All products	Foreground recipe dosing, mixing, cooking, and bulk-meal production	kg bulk cooked meal
filling_packaging	Filling, sealing, and packing	required	All products	Foreground primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging	kg packaged meal
preservation_storage	Preservation and on-site storage	required	Route-specific preservation and declared market state	Foreground heat treatment, cooling/freezing, and site storage	kg saleable meal at site gate
sanitation_wastewater	Sanitation, waste, and wastewater management	required	All products; treatment outputs depend on site route	Foreground cleaning, waste segregation, and on-site wastewater treatment or discharge	production-period records normalized to reference flow

Process: Ingredient receiving and preparation (ingredient_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Raw potatoes (raw_potato)

Raw potatoes enter preparation as a separately weighed recipe ingredient.

• Selected flow: Potato, raw
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Net accepted mass from receiving and batch records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_ingredient_mass
• Sources: un-cpc-3-0; rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Raw carrots (raw_carrot)

Raw carrots enter preparation as a separately weighed recipe ingredient.

• Selected flow: Carrot, raw
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Net accepted mass from receiving and batch records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_ingredient_mass
• Sources: rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Raw onions (raw_onion)

Raw onions enter preparation as a separately weighed recipe ingredient.

• Selected flow: Onion, raw
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Net accepted mass from receiving and batch records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_ingredient_mass
• Sources: rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Dry chickpeas (dry_chickpea)

Dry chickpeas enter the representative pulse hydration route as a separately weighed ingredient.

• Selected flow: Chickpea, dry
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Net accepted dry mass from receiving and batch records; not applicable when no chickpea is used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_ingredient_mass
• Sources: un-cpc-3-0

Preparation water (preparation_water)

Water used for washing, peeling assistance, and pulse hydration is metered separately from recipe and sanitation water.

• Selected flow: Water, process
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Process-area water meter less separately metered sanitation water
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_balance
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019; rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Preparation electricity (preparation_electricity)

Electricity powers sorting, cutting, peeling, pumping, and preparation equipment.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Submetered preparation electricity or documented allocation from a shared meter
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019; rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Sodium hypochlorite for produce disinfection (sodium_hypochlorite)

Sodium hypochlorite is recorded only when used to disinfect incoming produce.

• Selected flow: Sodium hypochlorite
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Active-product mass issued to the preparation line
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_chemical_records
• Sources: rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables; codex-cxc-1-1969

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared potato (prepared_potato)

Washed, peeled as applicable, and cut potato leaves preparation for cooking.

• Selected flow: Potato, prepared for cooking
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured transfer mass or input mass less separately measured potato losses
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared potato output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_preparation_mass_balance
• Sources: rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Prepared carrot (prepared_carrot)

Washed and cut carrot leaves preparation for cooking.

• Selected flow: Carrot, prepared for cooking
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured transfer mass or input mass less separately measured carrot losses
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared carrot output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_preparation_mass_balance
• Sources: rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Prepared onion (prepared_onion)

Peeled and cut onion leaves preparation for cooking.

• Selected flow: Onion, prepared for cooking
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured transfer mass or input mass less separately measured onion losses
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared onion output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_preparation_mass_balance
• Sources: rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Hydrated chickpeas (hydrated_chickpea)

Hydrated chickpeas leave preparation for cooking when the dry-pulse route is used.

• Selected flow: Chickpea, hydrated
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured drained mass after hydration; not applicable for pre-cooked or absent chickpeas
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg hydrated chickpea output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_preparation_mass_balance
• Sources: un-cpc-3-0

Waste flows

Potato peel waste (potato_peel_waste)

Potato peel removed on site is weighed as a distinct biodegradable waste stream.

• Selected flow: Potato peel waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured mass sent to the declared treatment destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019; rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Rejected vegetable matter (rejected_vegetable_waste)

Rejected edible and inedible vegetable matter other than potato peel is kept separate from other solid waste.

• Selected flow: Rejected vegetable matter
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured mass by destination and treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019; rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Preparation wastewater (preparation_wastewater)

Wastewater from washing and preparation is measured before mixing with other site wastewater where practicable.

• Selected flow: Wastewater from vegetable preparation
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Measured or water-balance-derived volume sent to on-site or off-site treatment
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_balance
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019; rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Elementary flows

Process: Formulation and cooking (formulation_cooking)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared potato input (prepared_potato_input)

Prepared potato is transferred into recipe formulation.

• Selected flow: Potato, prepared for cooking
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured batch dose
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe_batch
• Sources: rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Prepared carrot input (prepared_carrot_input)

Prepared carrot is transferred into recipe formulation.

• Selected flow: Carrot, prepared for cooking
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured batch dose
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe_batch
• Sources: rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Prepared onion input (prepared_onion_input)

Prepared onion is transferred into recipe formulation.

• Selected flow: Onion, prepared for cooking
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured batch dose
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe_batch
• Sources: rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Hydrated chickpea input (hydrated_chickpea_input)

Hydrated chickpeas are dosed separately into the representative recipe.

• Selected flow: Chickpea, hydrated
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured batch dose; not applicable when no chickpea is used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe_batch
• Sources: un-cpc-3-0

Tomato puree (tomato_puree)

Tomato puree is a separately weighed sauce ingredient.

• Selected flow: Tomato puree
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured batch dose
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe_batch
• Sources: schmidt-rivera-et-al-2014-convenience-food

Sunflower oil (sunflower_oil)

Sunflower oil is a separately weighed recipe ingredient.

• Selected flow: Sunflower oil
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured batch dose
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe_batch
• Sources: schmidt-rivera-et-al-2014-convenience-food

Salt (salt)

Salt is a separately weighed recipe ingredient.

• Selected flow: Sodium chloride
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured batch dose
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe_batch
• Sources: schmidt-rivera-et-al-2014-convenience-food

Recipe water (recipe_water)

Water incorporated into the meal is recorded separately from preparation and sanitation water.

• Selected flow: Water, potable
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Metered or batch-dosed mass incorporated into product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe_batch
• Sources: schmidt-rivera-et-al-2014-convenience-food

Cooking electricity (cooking_electricity)

Electricity used by mixers, pumps, electric cooking equipment, and controls is submetered.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Submetered formulation and cooking electricity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019; schmidt-rivera-et-al-2014-convenience-food

Cooking steam (cooking_steam)

Purchased or site-generated steam delivered to cooking equipment is recorded as steam.

• Selected flow: Steam
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: Steam-meter reading or mass and enthalpy calculation for the cooking line
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019; schmidt-rivera-et-al-2014-convenience-food

Purchased heat (purchased_heat)

Purchased hot water or district heat is recorded separately when it crosses the site boundary.

• Selected flow: Heat, district or industrial
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: Supplier meter or invoice attributable to cooking; not applicable when no heat is purchased
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Natural gas (natural_gas)

Natural gas combusted on site for boilers or direct heating is recorded separately.

• Selected flow: Natural gas
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Fuel meter reading attributable to this product and reporting period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fuel_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Liquefied petroleum gas (liquefied_petroleum_gas)

Liquefied petroleum gas is recorded only for equipment that consumes it.

• Selected flow: Liquefied petroleum gas
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Tank issue or invoice attributable to this product; not applicable when unused
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fuel_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Light fuel oil (light_fuel_oil)

Light fuel oil is recorded separately for boilers or backup thermal equipment that consumes it.

• Selected flow: Light fuel oil
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Tank issue or invoice attributable to this product; not applicable when unused
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fuel_records
• Sources: schmidt-rivera-et-al-2014-convenience-food

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Bulk cooked meal (bulk_cooked_meal)

The cooked, formulated meal leaves the cooker before primary packaging.

• Selected flow: Prepared vegetable and chickpea meal, bulk
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured bulk cooked output corrected for returned or held material
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg bulk cooked meal
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_product_output
• Sources: rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables; schmidt-rivera-et-al-2014-convenience-food

Waste flows

Off-specification cooked food (offspec_cooked_food)

Cooked material rejected before packaging is weighed separately from preparation residues.

• Selected flow: Off-specification cooked food
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured mass by treatment destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019; schmidt-rivera-et-al-2014-convenience-food

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide to air (fossil_carbon_dioxide)

Fossil carbon dioxide from on-site combustion is reported as a direct air emission.

• Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, fossil, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured stack mass or fuel-specific calculation from collected fuel records
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_air_emissions
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Carbon monoxide to air (carbon_monoxide)

Carbon monoxide from on-site combustion is reported separately.

• Selected flow: Carbon monoxide, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured stack load over the production period
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_air_emissions
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Nitrogen oxides to air (nitrogen_oxides)

Nitrogen oxides from on-site combustion are reported as NOx on the facility's declared measurement basis.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen oxides, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured stack load over the production period
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_air_emissions
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Sulfur dioxide to air (sulfur_dioxide)

Sulfur dioxide is reported separately when sulfur-containing fuel is combusted on site.

• Selected flow: Sulfur dioxide, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured stack load or sulfur mass-balance calculation; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_air_emissions
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Particulate matter to air (particulate_matter)

Particulate matter from a channelled combustion source is reported separately when present.

• Selected flow: Particulate matter, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured stack load over the production period; not applicable without a channelled particulate source
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_air_emissions
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Process: Filling, sealing, and packing (filling_packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Bulk cooked meal input (bulk_cooked_meal_input)

Bulk cooked meal is transferred to filling equipment.

• Selected flow: Prepared vegetable and chickpea meal, bulk
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured filler feed mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources: rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Polyethylene terephthalate tray (pet_tray)

Each PET primary tray is recorded by material mass.

• Selected flow: Polyethylene terephthalate
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Purchased mass issued to the product minus verified unused returns
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources: schmidt-rivera-et-al-2014-convenience-food

Polyethylene lidding film (polyethylene_lidding_film)

Polyethylene lidding film is recorded separately from the rigid tray.

• Selected flow: Polyethylene film
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Roll consumption attributable to saleable and rejected packages
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources: schmidt-rivera-et-al-2014-convenience-food

Paper label (paper_label)

Paper labels are recorded as a separate primary-packaging component.

• Selected flow: Paper label
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Count multiplied by measured unit mass, including rejected labels
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources: rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Corrugated carton (corrugated_carton)

Corrugated cartons used for distribution packing are recorded separately.

• Selected flow: Corrugated board box
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Carton count multiplied by verified unit mass
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources: rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables; schmidt-rivera-et-al-2014-convenience-food

Wooden pallet (wooden_pallet)

One-way pallet mass or the attributable loss of reusable pallets is recorded.

• Selected flow: Wooden pallet
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: One-way pallet mass plus measured replacement mass of reusable pallets
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources: schmidt-rivera-et-al-2014-convenience-food

Stretch film (stretch_film)

Pallet stretch film is recorded separately from primary lidding film.

• Selected flow: Low-density polyethylene film
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Roll consumption attributable to palletised product
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources: rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Packaging electricity (packaging_electricity)

Electricity for filling, sealing, labelling, conveying, and pallet wrapping is recorded.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Packaging-line submeter or documented shared-meter allocation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019; rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Packaged prepared meal (packaged_meal)

Sealed meal units leave the packaging line before final preservation or storage.

• Selected flow: Packaged prepared vegetable and chickpea meal
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Net food mass of accepted sealed units; packaging mass retained separately
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg packaged-meal net content
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_product_output
• Sources: rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Waste flows

PET packaging scrap (pet_packaging_scrap)

Rejected PET trays and trim are weighed separately by destination.

• Selected flow: Waste polyethylene terephthalate
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured scrap mass by recycling or disposal route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources: rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Polyethylene packaging scrap (polyethylene_packaging_scrap)

Rejected lidding and stretch film are weighed separately from rigid plastics.

• Selected flow: Waste polyethylene
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured scrap mass by recycling or disposal route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources: rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Paperboard packaging scrap (paperboard_packaging_scrap)

Rejected cartons and labels are weighed as a fibre-packaging waste stream.

• Selected flow: Waste paperboard
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured scrap mass by recycling or disposal route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources: rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Elementary flows

Process: Preservation and on-site storage (preservation_storage)

Inputs

Product flows

Packaged meal input (packaged_meal_input)

Accepted sealed meal units enter the declared preservation and storage route.

• Selected flow: Packaged prepared vegetable and chickpea meal
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Net food mass entering preservation and storage
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_product_output
• Sources: rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Cold-storage electricity (cold_storage_electricity)

Electricity for cooling, freezing, and on-site temperature-controlled storage is separately recorded.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Submetered energy allocated by measured occupancy, mass, and storage time
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_cold_storage
• Sources: schmidt-rivera-et-al-2014-convenience-food; rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Ammonia refrigerant (ammonia_refrigerant)

Ammonia charged to refrigeration equipment is recorded separately when used.

• Selected flow: Ammonia
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Purchases plus opening inventory minus closing inventory, recovered quantity, and transfers; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_balance
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019; schmidt-rivera-et-al-2014-convenience-food

Carbon dioxide refrigerant (carbon_dioxide_refrigerant)

Carbon dioxide charged to refrigeration equipment is recorded separately when used.

• Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, refrigerant grade
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Purchases plus opening inventory minus closing inventory, recovered quantity, and transfers; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_balance
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

R134a refrigerant (r134a_refrigerant)

R134a is recorded separately only where legacy or existing equipment uses it.

• Selected flow: 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Purchases plus opening inventory minus closing inventory, recovered quantity, and transfers; not applicable when absent
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_balance
• Sources: schmidt-rivera-et-al-2014-convenience-food; eu-fdm-bat-2019

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Final prepared meal (final_prepared_meal)

The saleable meal leaves the site in the declared ambient, chilled, or frozen state.

• Selected flow: Prepared vegetable-, pulse-, or potato-based dish or meal
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Net mass of saleable product released at the manufacturing-site gate
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_product_output
• Sources: un-cpc-3-0; rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Waste flows

Off-specification packaged meal (offspec_packaged_meal)

Packaged units rejected after preservation or storage are weighed with packaging and food portions distinguishable in records.

• Selected flow: Off-specification packaged prepared meal
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured rejected net food mass; packaging is reported in its material-specific scrap row
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources: schmidt-rivera-et-al-2014-convenience-food

Elementary flows

Ammonia to air (ammonia_to_air)

Ammonia lost from the refrigeration system is reported as a direct air emission.

• Selected flow: Ammonia, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Refrigerant mass-balance loss assigned to the product
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_balance
• Sources: schmidt-rivera-et-al-2014-convenience-food

Refrigerant carbon dioxide to air (carbon_dioxide_refrigerant_to_air)

Refrigerant-grade carbon dioxide lost from the refrigeration system is reported separately.

• Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, refrigerant, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Refrigerant mass-balance loss assigned to the product
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_balance
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

R134a to air (r134a_to_air)

R134a lost from existing refrigeration equipment is reported as a distinct direct air emission.

• Selected flow: 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Refrigerant mass-balance loss assigned to the product; not applicable when no R134a is used
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_balance
• Sources: schmidt-rivera-et-al-2014-convenience-food; eu-fdm-bat-2019

Process: Sanitation, waste, and wastewater management (sanitation_wastewater)

Inputs

Product flows

Sanitation water (sanitation_water)

Water used for equipment and area cleaning is metered separately from preparation and recipe water.

• Selected flow: Water, process
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Sanitation submeter or documented water balance
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_balance
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019; codex-cxc-1-1969

Sanitation electricity (sanitation_electricity)

Electricity for cleaning-in-place pumps and on-site wastewater treatment is separately recorded.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Sanitation and treatment submeter or documented shared-meter allocation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Sodium hydroxide cleaner (sodium_hydroxide)

Sodium hydroxide used for alkaline cleaning is recorded as one chemical.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Product mass issued, with concentration retained in records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_chemical_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019; codex-cxc-1-1969

Nitric acid cleaner (nitric_acid)

Nitric acid used for acid cleaning is recorded separately from alkaline cleaner.

• Selected flow: Nitric acid
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Product mass issued, with concentration retained in records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_chemical_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019; codex-cxc-1-1969

Peracetic acid disinfectant (peracetic_acid)

Peracetic acid used for equipment disinfection is recorded as one chemical.

• Selected flow: Peracetic acid
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Product mass issued, with active concentration retained in records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_chemical_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019; codex-cxc-1-1969

Sodium hypochlorite for sanitation (sanitation_sodium_hypochlorite)

Sodium hypochlorite used in sanitation is recorded separately from produce-disinfection use.

• Selected flow: Sodium hypochlorite
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Product mass issued to sanitation, with active concentration retained in records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_chemical_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019; codex-cxc-1-1969

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Factory wastewater (factory_wastewater)

Combined factory wastewater sent to off-site treatment is reported as a waste flow; direct discharge pollutants are reported separately below.

• Selected flow: Wastewater from food manufacturing
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Calibrated discharge meter over the production period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_monitoring
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Wastewater-treatment sludge (wastewater_sludge)

Sludge leaving on-site wastewater treatment is weighed by treatment destination.

• Selected flow: Sludge from food-industry wastewater treatment
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Wet mass and dry-solids fraction measured for each dispatch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Mixed solid waste (mixed_solid_waste)

Non-hazardous mixed solid waste not represented by a more specific food or packaging row is weighed separately.

• Selected flow: Mixed municipal solid waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured mass by disposal destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Food-processing residue (food_processing_residue)

Source-separated biodegradable food residue sent to animal feed, anaerobic digestion, composting, or another declared route is recorded separately.

• Selected flow: Food-processing residue
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured dispatched mass by destination and legal status
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019; rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Elementary flows

Chemical oxygen demand to water (cod_to_water)

COD is reported as a distinct direct water-emission load when treated effluent leaves the site to a receiving water body.

• Selected flow: Chemical oxygen demand, to water
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Flow-proportional concentration multiplied by matched discharge volume; not applicable for wholly off-site treatment
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_monitoring
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Biochemical oxygen demand to water (bod_to_water)

BOD is reported separately from COD for direct discharge where monitored.

• Selected flow: Biochemical oxygen demand, to water
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Flow-proportional concentration multiplied by matched discharge volume; not applicable for wholly off-site treatment
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_monitoring
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Total nitrogen to water (total_nitrogen_to_water)

Total nitrogen is reported as its own direct water-emission load.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen, total, to water
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Flow-proportional concentration multiplied by matched discharge volume; not applicable for wholly off-site treatment
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_monitoring
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Total phosphorus to water (total_phosphorus_to_water)

Total phosphorus is reported as its own direct water-emission load.

• Selected flow: Phosphorus, total, to water
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Flow-proportional concentration multiplied by matched discharge volume; not applicable for wholly off-site treatment
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_monitoring
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Suspended solids to water (suspended_solids_to_water)

Total suspended solids are reported as a distinct direct water-emission load.

• Selected flow: Suspended solids, to water
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Flow-proportional concentration multiplied by matched discharge volume; not applicable for wholly off-site treatment
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_monitoring
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Chloride to water (chloride_to_water)

Chloride is reported separately where relevant to direct discharge.

• Selected flow: Chloride, to water
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Flow-proportional concentration multiplied by matched discharge volume; not applicable for wholly off-site treatment
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net prepared meal
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_monitoring
• Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
allocation_rule_1	shared processes and equipment	Avoid allocation by submetering, batch records, or subdivision wherever the product-specific inputs and outputs can be isolated.	ec-pef-2021-2279; eu-fdm-bat-2019
allocation_rule_2	shared utilities and storage	When subdivision is not possible, allocate a shared utility using a causally relevant physical driver such as measured equipment time and power, steam duty, occupied refrigerated volume-mass-time, or treated wastewater load; document the driver and reconciliation to the facility total.	ec-pef-2021-2279; schmidt-rivera-et-al-2014-convenience-food
allocation_rule_3	shared mass-handling operations	Use mass allocation only when mass throughput is a demonstrably relevant physical relationship; do not apply it automatically to heating, cooling, or treatment operations with materially different intensities.	ec-pef-2021-2279; rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables
allocation_rule_4	food residues and recovered materials	First determine and disclose whether each output is waste or a co-product under the applicable jurisdiction. For a co-product, follow subdivision or system expansion before physical allocation; any substitution credit belongs only to the declared expanded-system study and shall not be silently embedded in a gate-to-gate dataset.	ec-pef-2021-2279; eu-fdm-bat-2019
allocation_rule_5	economic allocation	Use economic allocation only when subdivision, system expansion, and a relevant physical relationship are not feasible; use contemporaneous net values, disclose the period and sensitivity, and keep the unallocated facility totals.	ec-pef-2021-2279

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_ingredient_mass	ingredient_preparation	individual received ingredient	receiving and batch record	ingredient identity, supplier lot, gross mass, tare, accepted mass, moisture/solids where relevant	calibrated receiving scale reconciled to batch issue	kg	each lot and batch	representative production period, normally at least 12 consecutive months	each manufacturing site	sum accepted mass by ingredient and product, then normalize	calibration, lot traceability, recipe reconciliation
cp_preparation_mass_balance	ingredient_preparation	prepared ingredient and preparation loss	batch mass balance	input mass, prepared transfer mass, peel, reject, retained work-in-process	calibrated line scales and inventory reconciliation	kg	each batch	same period as reference-product output	each preparation line	input equals transfers plus measured losses and inventory change	scale calibration, signed batch record, closure result
cp_recipe_batch	formulation_cooking	individual recipe ingredient	recipe and dosing record	recipe version, ingredient id, dose, returned amount, batch output	calibrated dosing equipment or verified manual weigh sheet	kg	each batch	same period as reference-product output	each cooking line	sum net doses by ingredient and recipe version	recipe authorization, calibration, batch traceability
cp_energy_records	all	electricity, steam, and purchased heat	meter, invoice, and operating log	meter ids, opening/closing readings, steam mass/pressure, heat quantity, operating time, product throughput	calibrated submeter preferred; documented physical allocation otherwise	kWh, MJ, kg steam	continuous or each billing interval	full reporting period	site and relevant line	reconcile process totals to site purchase/generation and normalize	meter calibration, invoices, reconciliation
cp_fuel_records	formulation_cooking	each on-site fuel	tank, meter, and invoice record	fuel identity, quantity, density, heating-value basis, opening/closing inventory, equipment	calibrated meter or inventory balance	kg or m3	each delivery and reporting interval	full reporting period	each combustion unit	reconcile receipts, inventory change, and consumption by unit	invoices, tank calibration, fuel certificate
cp_water_balance	ingredient_preparation; sanitation_wastewater	preparation, recipe, sanitation, and discharge water	meter and water-balance record	meter ids, readings, recipe addition, discharge, evaporation estimate, product water, losses	calibrated submeters and site water balance	m3 and kg	continuous or daily	full reporting period	each water-use area and discharge point	reconcile intake with product, discharge, evaporation, and inventory change	meter calibration, balance closure, maintenance log
cp_packaging_records	filling_packaging	each packaging component	purchase, issue, count, and scrap record	material, specification, unit mass, issued count/mass, unused returns, scrap	verified bill of materials plus line issue and scrap weights	kg	each production order	full reporting period	each packaging line	issued minus return equals saleable packaging plus scrap	supplier specification, unit-mass check, reconciliation
cp_product_output	all	intermediate and final product	production and release record	batch id, gross/net mass, packaging tare, hold/rework/reject, market state	calibrated checkweigher and release records	kg	each batch	full reporting period	each line and site	sum released net mass; exclude packaging and unresolved holds	checkweigher calibration, release authorization, mass balance
cp_waste_records	all	each solid or liquid waste stream	container weight and transfer note	waste identity, legal status, wet mass, dry solids where relevant, destination, treatment	calibrated weighbridge/scale and transfer documentation	kg or m3	each dispatch	full reporting period	each site	sum by atomic waste identity and destination; no netting with credits	transfer note, scale ticket, destination evidence
cp_chemical_records	ingredient_preparation; sanitation_wastewater	each processing or cleaning chemical	issue and concentration record	chemical identity, product mass, active concentration, return/reuse, process area	inventory issue records and dosing-system totalizer	kg	each batch or cleaning cycle	full reporting period	each dosing system	calculate active and formulated product amounts without merging chemicals	safety data sheet, concentration certificate, dosing calibration
cp_cold_storage	preservation_storage	storage electricity	submeter and occupancy log	electricity, product mass, occupied volume, entry/exit time, temperature, route	calibrated meter linked to warehouse management records	kWh, kg, h	continuous	full reporting period including seasonal variation	each cold room or freezer	allocate by a justified mass-volume-time driver and reconcile to meter	meter calibration, temperature log, occupancy record
cp_refrigerant_balance	preservation_storage	each refrigerant and direct leak	refrigerant inventory and service record	refrigerant identity, opening stock, purchases, additions, recovery, transfer, closing stock, equipment	annual equipment-level mass balance supported by service records	kg	each service event and annual close	full reporting period	each refrigeration system	calculate loss separately for ammonia, carbon dioxide, and R134a; allocate with documented storage driver	technician record, cylinder weights, inventory reconciliation
cp_air_emissions	formulation_cooking	each direct combustion emission	stack measurement and fuel record	source, operating hours, gas flow, pollutant concentration, oxygen/reference conditions, fuel use	representative stack test or continuous monitoring; matched-period load calculation	kg	permit or risk-based frequency and each material change	representative operation within reporting period	each emission source	concentration times matched flow and time, then reconcile to fuel operation	laboratory accreditation, instrument calibration, sampling report
cp_wastewater_monitoring	sanitation_wastewater	wastewater volume and each direct pollutant	flow meter and laboratory result	volume, sampling time, pH, temperature, COD, BOD, TN, TP, TSS, chloride, treatment route	flow-proportional composite sampling where applicable and matched discharge metering	m3, mg/L, kg	site permit or BAT frequency and each material change	full reporting period with representative sampling	each final discharge point	concentration times matched volume; report off-site wastewater as waste, not direct emission	accredited analysis, meter calibration, chain of custody

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_normalization	every inventory row	normalized amount = reporting-period row amount / released net product mass × 1,000 kg	atomic row total; released net product mass	amount per 1,000 kg net prepared meal	ec-pef-2021-2279
calc_mass_balance	ingredient preparation, cooking, and packaging	input mass + opening work-in-process = output mass + separately identified waste + closing work-in-process; investigate material imbalance before release	calibrated batch and inventory records	reconciled process mass balance	eu-fdm-bat-2019
calc_energy_allocation	shared energy	product energy = shared-meter energy × documented causal driver share; sum of all shares must equal the shared-meter total	meter total; equipment time/power, thermal duty, or storage driver	product-attributed energy	ec-pef-2021-2279
calc_refrigerant_loss	each refrigerant	loss = opening inventory + purchases + additions received − closing inventory − recovered quantity − transfers out; negative or unexplained results require correction	equipment-level refrigerant records	direct loss by refrigerant	eu-fdm-bat-2019
calc_emission_load	each direct air or water pollutant	load = representative concentration × matched flow integrated over the same operating or discharge period, with documented unit conversion	concentration, flow, duration, reference conditions	pollutant mass	eu-fdm-bat-2019
calc_packaging_balance	each packaging component	purchased/issued mass − unused returns = mass on saleable packages + separately measured scrap + inventory change	component issue, return, product count, unit mass, scrap	component mass and scrap	rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	product and every atomic flow	Preserve recipe version, supplier or equipment identity, physical state, market state, treatment destination, and any Tiangong UUID once resolved.	recipe, specification, lot records, service and transfer documents
dq_temporal	all foreground records	Use one common representative reporting period, normally at least 12 consecutive months; explain shorter campaigns and cover seasonal or preservation-route variation.	date-bounded extracts and production calendar
dq_completeness	all processes	Reconcile ingredient, water, energy, packaging, product, waste, and emission totals to facility control totals; disclose exclusions and unclosed balances.	signed reconciliation and variance investigation
dq_measurement	meters, scales, and analyses	Use calibrated instruments and accredited or otherwise demonstrated fit-for-purpose laboratory methods; retain detection limits and reference conditions.	calibration certificates, laboratory scope, sampling reports
dq_technology	cooking, preservation, refrigeration, and treatment	Record equipment type, fuel, heat source, preservation temperature/time control, refrigerant, storage temperature, and wastewater route.	equipment register, HACCP records, operating logs
dq_supplier_background	purchased inputs and services	Select background datasets matching ingredient origin, technology, electricity geography, fuel, packaging resin/fibre, refrigerant, and waste destination; record every proxy.	dataset selection log and supplier evidence
dq_no_unsupported_ranges	all important flows	Do not publish a quantitative range until at least two independent, boundary-, unit-, and basis-compatible original sources have been verified, unless a controlling specification prescribes the interval.	range-evidence review or unresolved-range entry

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
validation_rule_1	PCR identity and reference flow	Reject a data package if the product is not primarily vegetable-, pulse-, or potato-based, if its market/preservation state is undeclared, or if the reference amount includes packaging.	un-cpc-3-0
validation_rule_2	recipe and inventory atomicity	Require the recipe ingredient sum, each utility, each fuel, each refrigerant, each packaging component, each waste, and each direct emission to have a separate row; reject collection labels and combined carriers.	eu-fdm-bat-2019
validation_rule_3	process completeness	Require every applicable preparation, cooking, packaging, preservation/storage, sanitation, waste, and treatment process to have inputs and outputs; require an explicit not-applicable statement for route-dependent rows that are absent.	rasines-et-al-2024-precooked-vegetables; codex-cxc-1-1969
validation_rule_4	mass and utility reconciliation	Require process mass balances and reconciliation of electricity, heat, fuel, water, packaging, refrigerant, and waste records to facility totals within a documented acceptance criterion.	eu-fdm-bat-2019
validation_rule_5	direct emissions	Require each reported emission load to use matched concentration, flow, time, and reference conditions; do not report off-site wastewater treatment as a direct water emission.	eu-fdm-bat-2019
validation_rule_6	allocation	Require evidence that subdivision was attempted before allocation, that any physical driver is causally relevant, and that allocation factors reconcile to one; reject undisclosed economic allocation or embedded substitution credits.	ec-pef-2021-2279
validation_rule_7	food-safety route evidence	Require the declared preservation and storage conditions to be supported by validated control measures and monitored batch records; this PCR does not prescribe a universal time-temperature schedule.	codex-cxc-1-1969
validation_rule_8	unresolved evidence	Fail publication readiness while Tiangong identities or important-flow range evidence remain unresolved; a candidate dataset may proceed only with the gaps explicitly disclosed and no invented UUID or range.	ec-pef-2021-2279

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground manufacturing dataset for a declared prepared vegetable-, pulse-, or potato-based meal
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Product-specific LCA and lifecycle models when recipe, market state, preservation route, geography, technology, allocation, and system boundary are compatible
excluded_use	Nutrition equivalence claims; generic substitution for meat-, fish-, cereal-, pizza-, or single-ingredient preserved products; use-phase or end-of-life claims not modelled by the dataset
required_metadata	PCR id and version state; product name and recipe; ingredient mass fractions; net reference mass; market state; preservation route; packaging components; site geography and technology; reporting period; allocation; storage condition; shelf life; data sources and unresolved identities
required_quality_disclosure	Primary-data share; meter and mass-balance coverage; temporal and geographic representativeness; background proxies; excluded flows; allocation factors; wastewater route; refrigerant balance; unresolved UUIDs and ranges
update_trigger	Recipe or dominant ingredient change; preservation or packaging redesign; fuel, electricity, refrigerant, storage, or wastewater-route change; site/technology change; allocation change; material production shift; new verified Tiangong identity or compatible range evidence