Potatoes, frozen

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to whole or cut potatoes preserved by freezing and supplied as an uncooked product or after boiling or steaming in water. It covers the factory-gate production of the frozen potato product, including raw-potato receiving and preparation, any declared boiling or steaming step, freezing, packaging, and the declared period of frozen storage at the producing facility.

Frozen mashed potatoes, frozen French fries, frozen potato chips, potatoes precooked in fat or oil, seasoned prepared potato dishes, and products whose defining transformation is frying, mashing, baking, or formulation with other principal ingredients are outside this PCR. Agricultural production of the incoming potatoes is represented by an upstream dataset rather than recreated inside the foreground factory process. Outbound distribution, retail storage, consumer preparation, and end-of-life are outside the default factory-gate boundary unless the study explicitly extends the scope and reports those stages separately.

The PCR produces foreground data packages for a declared product, facility, technology, geography, and reference period. Candidate ranges below are deliberately broad QA screens, not default inventory values. They must be replaced by foreground measurements or reviewed source-backed evidence when used for publication-critical modelling.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.meat-fish-fruits-vegetables-oils-and-fats.potatoes-frozen
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 21313, Potatoes, frozen (exact)
covered_products	Frozen potatoes, whole or cut, uncooked or cooked only by boiling or steaming in water
excluded_products	Frozen mashed potatoes; frozen French fries; frozen potato chips; potatoes precooked in fat or oil; baked, seasoned, formulated, or otherwise prepared potato products
representative_product	Net frozen potato product at the producing facility gate
production_route	Receiving and sorting -> washing, peeling and cutting as applicable -> optional boiling or steaming -> cooling or dewatering as applicable -> freezing -> packaging -> declared frozen storage
market_state	Frozen, packaged or otherwise dispatch-ready, at plant; uncooked, boiled, or steamed state declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Frozen potatoes that satisfy the declared CPC 21313 product state and quality specification
How much	1 kg net product mass, excluding packaging
How well	Dispatch-ready at the producing facility; frozen state, cut form, peel status, and uncooked, boiled, or steamed route declared; excludes mashed, fried, chipped, fat-precooked, and formulated potato products
How long or cycle	One production lot through the end of the declared factory frozen-storage period
reference_flow_link	rf_frozen_potatoes_at_plant

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg net frozen potato product
Reference product flow	Potatoes, frozen / 冷冻土豆 cca3d996-be28-4f23-915d-6432bd1bdac3
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	uncooked, boiled, or steamed route; whole or cut form; peel status; freezing technology; package format and net mass; factory-gate point; frozen-storage duration and temperature record; geography; reference period

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_net_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report 1 kg of net frozen potato product; exclude primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging mass from the reference amount and record packaging as separate inventory inputs.
mass_balance_basis	potatoes, intermediate product, final product, rejects, and potato residues	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Use measured lot or campaign masses on one consistent wet-mass basis. Declare drainage, glazing, adhering water, or moisture-change conventions that materially affect the mass balance.
water_measurement	process water and wastewater	Mass or measured volume converted to mass	kg	Prefer meter, invoice, tank, or batch records. When volume is converted to mass, retain the measured volume, applied density, temperature basis when material, and conversion calculation.
energy_measurement	electricity, fuel, steam, hot water, and purchased cooling	Metered energy or supplier quantity	kWh, MJ, kg, or documented supplier unit	Preserve the recorded carrier and unit, separate freezing from storage where metering permits, and document every conversion and allocation to the reference flow.
frozen_state_record	freezing exit and frozen storage	Measured temperature and time	deg C and h or d	Record product or representative air temperature, monitoring location, setpoint where applicable, excursion handling, and the storage duration represented by the dataset; apply the product specification or governing cold-chain requirement without inventing a generic threshold.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Fresh potatoes received at the processing facility, with received mass, origin or supplier group, storage condition before processing, and quality or reject status declared
starting_condition_role	Foreground factory-gate starting condition backed by receiving and purchase records
product_classification_scope	Frozen potatoes under CPC 3.0 code 21313: uncooked or boiled/steamed in water; excludes mashed, French-fried, chipped, fat-precooked, and otherwise prepared potato products
recursive_input_rule	If purchased frozen potatoes or returned frozen potato rework enters the foreground system, record it as a separate product input with its own upstream dataset and do not recursively recreate the same product-category production inside this data package.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Use temporally, geographically, and technologically representative upstream datasets for fresh potatoes, water, energy carriers, refrigerants, packaging, processing aids, and external waste treatment.
disclosure	Declare cut form, peel status, uncooked/boiled/steamed route, preparation operations, freezing technology, package format, frozen-storage duration, cold-chain monitoring basis, excluded operations, and any scope extension beyond the factory gate.

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
system_boundary_rule_1	foreground factory production	Include receiving and sorting, preparation, the declared conditional cooking route, cooling or dewatering when used, freezing, packaging, factory frozen storage, direct utilities, refrigerant losses, wastes, wastewater, and on-site treatment that occur before the declared gate.	codex-cxc-8-1976
system_boundary_rule_2	upstream inputs	Link each purchased product or service input to a representative upstream dataset; do not omit upstream potato production, electricity, fuels, water supply, packaging production, refrigerant production, or external treatment merely because those processes are outside the foreground facility.	eu-pef-2021-2279
system_boundary_rule_3	conditional cooking	Include boiling or steaming and associated cooling or dewatering only when the reference product is sold in that state; the dataset must not mix uncooked and cooked routes without a documented production-weighted aggregation.	un-cpc-3-0-21313
system_boundary_rule_4	downstream stages	Exclude outbound transport, distribution storage, retail, consumer preparation, and end-of-life from the default factory-gate dataset. If included for a declared study, model and disclose them as separate downstream stages.	eu-pef-2021-2279
system_boundary_rule_5	cold chain and losses	Include electricity or purchased cooling, refrigerant make-up or calculated leakage, temperature monitoring, product losses, and waste handling attributable to freezing and the declared factory storage period.	codex-cxc-8-1976

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
receiving_preparation	Receiving, sorting, washing, peeling, and cutting	required	Always included; individual preparation operations may be zero only when documented as not used	Foreground preparation	per kg prepared potato transferred to the next process and normalized to 1 kg reference product
cooking_conditioning	Boiling or steaming, cooling, and dewatering	conditional	Included only for a boiled or steamed reference product	Foreground thermal conditioning	per kg cooked potato transferred to freezing and normalized to 1 kg reference product
freezing_packaging	Freezing and packaging	required	Always included	Foreground freezing and packing	1 kg net frozen potato product
frozen_storage	Factory frozen storage	required	Included for the storage duration represented at the factory gate	Foreground storage	1 kg net frozen potato product over the declared storage duration
outbound_distribution	Refrigerated outbound distribution	excluded_by_default	Include only when the declared study extends beyond the producing facility gate	Downstream distribution	tonne-kilometres and storage time under the extended scope

Process: Receiving, sorting, washing, peeling, and cutting (receiving_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Fresh potatoes received (raw_potatoes_input)

Record the mass of fresh potatoes entering the preparation process, including lots later rejected, and link the input to a representative upstream potato-production dataset.

• Selected flow: Fresh potatoes (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured received mass allocated to the production lot or campaign
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_receiving_mass_balance
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional raw-potato input QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.9
  • Upper: 2.0
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Preparation water supplied (preparation_water_input)

Record water crossing the process boundary for washing, peeling, cutting, fluming, or sanitation when attributable to the represented production.

• Selected flow: Process water (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured or reconciled preparation-water consumption
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_preparation_water
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional preparation-water QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Preparation electricity supplied (preparation_electricity_input)

Record electricity for conveyors, sorting, washing, peeling, cutting, pumping, and attributable preparation auxiliaries.

• Selected flow: Electricity, supplied to site (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: metered or reconciled preparation electricity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_preparation_energy
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional preparation-electricity QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 2
  • Unit: kWh
  • Basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

No waste input is normally expected. Record any returned waste entering on-site treatment as a distinct row when applicable.

Elementary flows

No direct elementary input is prescribed. Record directly abstracted water as an elementary input rather than duplicating purchased water when applicable.

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared potatoes transferred (prepared_potatoes_output)

Calculate prepared potato output from measured transfer mass or a reconciled preparation mass balance.

• Selected flow: Prepared potatoes for freezing or cooking (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass or calculated received mass minus measured rejects and accountable losses
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_receiving_mass_balance
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional preparation-yield QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.6
  • Upper: 1.2
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: prepared potato output per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Sorting, peeling, and trimming residues (preparation_residue_output)

Record potato residues and rejected material by destination and distinguish saleable by-product, animal-feed use, recovery, and waste treatment.

• Selected flow: Potato preparation residue (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured residue mass by destination or mass-balance remainder with reconciliation evidence
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_receiving_mass_balance
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional preparation-residue QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.8
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Preparation wastewater (preparation_wastewater_output)

Record wastewater leaving the foreground facility or entering on-site treatment, with destination and treatment state declared.

• Selected flow: Wastewater from potato preparation (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured discharge or reconciled water balance
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_preparation_water
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional preparation-wastewater QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Record direct emissions from on-site water treatment or fuel combustion only when they occur within this process and are supported by measurements or a cited calculation method.

Process: Boiling or steaming, cooling, and dewatering (cooking_conditioning)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared potatoes for cooking (prepared_potatoes_cooking_input)

Record the prepared potato transferred from preparation when the product is boiled or steamed before freezing.

• Selected flow: Prepared potatoes for cooking (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: equal to the measured or reconciled transfer from preparation for the cooked route
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product for the cooked route
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_cooking_mass_balance
• Sources: un-cpc-3-0-21313
• Range: Provisional cooked-route input QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.6
  • Upper: 1.3
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product for the cooked route
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Cooking and cooling water supplied (cooking_water_input)

Record water used for boiling, steam generation when supplied as water, cooling, and attributable cleaning, avoiding double counting with purchased steam.

• Selected flow: Process water (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured or reconciled cooking and cooling water
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product for the cooked route
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cooking_utilities
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional cooking-water QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 5
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product for the cooked route
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Cooking thermal energy supplied (cooking_thermal_energy_input)

Record purchased steam, hot water, or on-site fuel attributable to boiling or steaming, preserving the energy carrier and avoiding double counting boiler fuel and delivered steam.

• Selected flow: Thermal energy carrier or steam (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Energy or supplier quantity / MJ, kg steam, or documented unit
• Amount rule: metered or reconciled thermal-energy consumption converted with documented factors
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product for the cooked route
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cooking_utilities
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional cooking-energy QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: MJ
  • Basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product for the cooked route
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

No waste input is normally expected. Record returned cooking waste entering treatment only when applicable.

Elementary flows

Record directly abstracted water as an elementary input when applicable and avoid duplicating it as purchased process water.

Outputs

Product flows

Cooked potatoes transferred to freezing (cooked_potatoes_output)

Record the drained or dewatered cooked potato mass transferred to freezing and declare whether the route is boiled or steamed.

• Selected flow: Boiled or steamed potatoes for freezing (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass after declared draining or dewatering
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product for the cooked route
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cooking_mass_balance
• Sources: un-cpc-3-0-21313
• Range: Provisional cooked-output QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.6
  • Upper: 1.3
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product for the cooked route
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Cooking and cooling wastewater (cooking_wastewater_output)

Record wastewater from boiling, cooling, draining, and attributable cleaning, with treatment destination declared.

• Selected flow: Wastewater from cooking and cooling (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured discharge or reconciled water balance
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product for the cooked route
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cooking_utilities
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional cooking-wastewater QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 5
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product for the cooked route
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Record direct combustion emissions when heat is generated on site and a cited fuel-to-emission calculation or measured stack record is available.

Process: Freezing and packaging (freezing_packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Potato product entering freezing (potatoes_to_freezing_input)

Record uncooked prepared potato or cooked conditioned potato entering the freezer; do not aggregate routes unless production shares and route inventories are documented.

• Selected flow: Prepared or cooked potatoes entering freezing (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass from the applicable upstream foreground process
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_freezing_mass_balance
• Sources: codex-cxc-8-1976
• Range: Provisional freezer-input QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.6
  • Upper: 1.3
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Freezing and packing electricity supplied (freezing_electricity_input)

Record electricity for the freezer, refrigeration auxiliaries, conveyors, packaging equipment, and attributable defrosting, separated from factory storage where metering permits.

• Selected flow: Electricity, supplied to site (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: metered or reconciled freezing and packing electricity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_freezing_energy
• Sources: codex-cxc-8-1976
• Range: Provisional freezing-electricity QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.02
  • Upper: 2
  • Unit: kWh
  • Basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Packaging materials supplied (packaging_material_input)

Record each primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging material by material and mass; include only the share attributable to the reference product.

• Selected flow: Packaging material by material type (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: bill-of-material mass plus measured or reconciled line loss
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional packaging-mass QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.2
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

No waste input is normally expected. Record externally generated waste accepted for treatment only if it is actually part of the declared foreground system.

Elementary flows

No direct elementary input is prescribed for this process.

Outputs

Product flows

Frozen potato reference product (frozen_potatoes_output)

This is the quantitative reference output. Record net product mass after freezing and before adding packaging mass.

• Selected flow: Potatoes, frozen / 冷冻土豆 cca3d996-be28-4f23-915d-6432bd1bdac3
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: fixed reference output of 1 kg net frozen potato product
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Collection protocol:
• Sources:

Waste flows

Packaging line losses (packaging_waste_output)

Record packaging scrap and rejected packed product separately by material and treatment destination.

• Selected flow: Packaging waste by material type (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured scrap or packaging mass-balance difference
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional packaging-waste QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.05
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Freezing-system refrigerant emissions (freezing_refrigerant_emission)

Calculate refrigerant emitted to air from equipment-specific make-up, recovery, and inventory-change records; identify the refrigerant species and do not report an unspecified aggregate as a characterized elementary flow.

• Selected flow: Refrigerant species emission to air (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calculated refrigerant loss allocated to freezing and packing equipment
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_freezing_refrigerant
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional refrigerant-loss QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.02
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: refrigerant emitted per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Factory frozen storage (frozen_storage)

Inputs

Product flows

Frozen packaged potatoes entering storage (stored_product_input)

Record the reference product transferred into frozen storage and reconcile storage losses and dispatch mass.

• Selected flow: Potatoes, frozen / 冷冻土豆 cca3d996-be28-4f23-915d-6432bd1bdac3
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass normalized to the dispatch-ready output
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product dispatched
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_storage_product_records
• Sources: codex-cxc-8-1976
• Range: Provisional storage-input QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1.1
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product dispatched
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Frozen-storage electricity supplied (storage_electricity_input)

Record electricity for refrigeration, fans, lighting, defrosting, and attributable storage auxiliaries over the declared storage duration.

• Selected flow: Electricity, supplied to site (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: metered or reconciled storage electricity allocated using occupied mass-time or another disclosed causal driver
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product over the declared storage duration
• Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_storage_energy
• Sources: codex-cxc-8-1976
• Range: Provisional storage-electricity QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 2
  • Unit: kWh
  • Basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product over the declared factory storage duration
  • Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

No waste input is normally expected.

Elementary flows

No direct elementary input is prescribed for this process.

Outputs

Product flows

Dispatch-ready frozen potato product (dispatch_ready_product_output)

Record the net mass of conforming frozen potato product at the declared factory gate after the represented storage period.

• Selected flow: Potatoes, frozen / 冷冻土豆 cca3d996-be28-4f23-915d-6432bd1bdac3
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: fixed reference output of 1 kg net dispatch-ready frozen potato product
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: per reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Collection protocol:
• Sources:

Waste flows

Frozen-storage product losses (storage_product_loss_output)

Record damaged, thawed, out-of-specification, or otherwise lost product by treatment or recovery destination.

• Selected flow: Frozen potato product loss (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured inventory write-off or reconciled storage mass-balance difference
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product dispatched
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_storage_product_records
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional frozen-storage-loss QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.1
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product dispatched
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Frozen-storage refrigerant emissions (storage_refrigerant_emission)

Calculate refrigerant emitted to air from storage-system make-up, recovery, and inventory-change records and identify the refrigerant species.

• Selected flow: Refrigerant species emission to air (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calculated refrigerant loss allocated by equipment service and occupied mass-time
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product over the declared storage duration
• Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_storage_refrigerant
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional storage-refrigerant QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.02
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: refrigerant emitted per 1 kg net frozen potato reference product over the declared storage duration
  • Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_rule_1	shared foreground operations	Avoid allocation where practicable by subdividing uncooked and cooked routes, freezing lines, package formats, and storage periods, and by directly metering their material and energy use.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_rule_2	potato residues and saleable secondary outputs	First classify each output as reference product, saleable co-product, recoverable material, or waste and maintain a reconciled mass balance. Do not assign zero burden to a saleable output without justification.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_rule_3	unavoidable shared burdens	Use a physical causal driver such as measured mass, equipment time, thermal load, or occupied mass-time when subdivision is not possible. Use economic allocation only when no defensible physical relation exists, and disclose prices, reference period, shares, and a sensitivity check.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_rule_4	recycling, recovery, and avoided products	Keep collection and treatment burdens within the declared boundary and apply any recycling or substitution credit only in the downstream model under one disclosed method; do not count both a recovered-material output and an avoided-product credit in the foreground dataset.	eu-pef-2021-2279

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_receiving_mass_balance	receiving_preparation	raw potatoes, prepared transfer, and residues	weighbridge, receiving, batch, transfer, reject, and waste records	lot_id; received_mass; prepared_transfer_mass; reject_or_residue_mass; destination; inventory_change; timestamp	calibrated scales and reconciled production records	kg	each lot or batch	all represented production days	all included receiving and preparation lines	sum attributable masses by route and divide by conforming reference-product output; reconcile inventory change	calibration records; lot traceability; signed mass-balance reconciliation
cp_preparation_water	receiving_preparation	preparation water and wastewater	meter, invoice, tank, and discharge records	opening_reading; closing_reading; water_source; discharge_quantity; production_period; shared_use_driver	calibrated meter preferred; reconcile invoice or tank records when dedicated metering is absent	kg or m3 with documented conversion	continuous or each production shift	same period as represented production	all included preparation equipment and sanitation attributable to the product	subtract non-production and non-attributable use, then normalize to conforming output	meter calibration; invoices; water-balance check; allocation record
cp_preparation_energy	receiving_preparation	preparation electricity	meter and equipment-runtime records	meter_open; meter_close; runtime; rated_load_if_needed; production_period; shared_use_driver	dedicated meter preferred; otherwise reconciled facility meter with documented causal allocation	kWh	continuous or each shift	same period as represented production	all included preparation equipment	sum measured use or calculate reconciled allocated use and normalize to conforming output	meter calibration; invoice reconciliation; allocation worksheet
cp_cooking_mass_balance	cooking_conditioning	prepared input and cooked transfer	batch and scale records	batch_id; route; prepared_input_mass; cooked_output_mass; drain_or_dewater_condition; timestamp	calibrated batch or line scales	kg	each cooked batch	all represented cooked-route production	all included boiling, steaming, cooling, and dewatering lines	sum by boiled or steamed route and normalize to its conforming output	calibration; batch traceability; mass-balance check
cp_cooking_utilities	cooking_conditioning	cooking water, wastewater, steam, fuel, and electricity	meter, supplier, boiler, batch, and discharge records	carrier; quantity; unit; meter_readings; batch_id; wastewater_quantity; conversion_factor	dedicated metering where available; otherwise documented engineering reconciliation	kg, kWh, MJ, or supplier unit	each batch, shift, or meter period	same period as represented cooked-route production	all included cooking, cooling, and attributable utility equipment	aggregate by route, avoid steam/fuel double counting, convert with documented factors, and normalize to cooked-route output	meter calibration; supplier records; conversion worksheet; water and energy reconciliation
cp_freezing_mass_balance	freezing_packaging	freezer input and frozen output	transfer, freezer, and packing records	route; input_mass; frozen_net_output_mass; rejected_mass; inventory_change; timestamp	calibrated line scales and packing records	kg	each lot or shift	all represented freezing production	all included freezing and packing lines	reconcile input, output, loss, and inventory change by route and normalize to net reference product	calibration; lot traceability; mass-balance check
cp_freezing_energy	freezing_packaging	freezing and packing electricity	submeter, facility meter, runtime, and production records	meter_open; meter_close; freezer_runtime; defrost_energy; packed_output_mass; shared_use_driver	dedicated submeter preferred; otherwise documented engineering or causal allocation	kWh	continuous or each shift	same period as represented freezing production	all included freezing, refrigeration-auxiliary, and packing equipment	separate freezing from storage where possible and normalize attributable use to net packed output	meter calibration; invoice reconciliation; allocation worksheet
cp_packaging_records	freezing_packaging	packaging inputs and waste	bill of materials, purchase, issue, return, and scrap records	package_format; material; unit_mass; units_used; scrap_mass; returned_mass; packed_output_mass	item-count times verified unit mass, reconciled to material issues and scrap	kg	each package-format lot or campaign	same period as represented production	all included packaging formats and packing lines	calculate net material input and scrap by material per kg net packed output	supplier specification; sample weighing; inventory reconciliation
cp_freezing_refrigerant	freezing_packaging	freezing-system refrigerant loss	service, purchase, recovery, charge, and equipment records	refrigerant_species; opening_charge; additions; recovery; closing_charge; equipment_id; service_date	equipment-specific mass balance using verified service records	kg	each service event and at least annually	covers the represented production period	all freezing-system equipment serving the represented production	calculate net loss and allocate using equipment service, runtime, or cooling-load driver	service certificates; cylinder weights; equipment log; calculation worksheet
cp_storage_product_records	frozen_storage	stored product input, output, duration, and losses	warehouse management, dispatch, write-off, and temperature records	lot_id; mass_in; mass_out; entry_time; dispatch_time; write_off_mass; loss_reason; temperature_series	warehouse records reconciled to periodic physical inventory	kg and d	each movement with daily monitoring	complete declared factory-storage period	all frozen-storage rooms and lots serving the represented product	calculate occupied mass-time and reconcile dispatch plus loss to receipts and inventory change	inventory reconciliation; lot traceability; temperature-monitoring completeness
cp_storage_energy	frozen_storage	frozen-storage electricity	submeter, facility meter, occupancy, and operating records	meter_open; meter_close; occupied_mass_time; defrost_energy; shared_use_driver; period	dedicated submeter preferred; otherwise documented causal allocation based on storage service	kWh	continuous or monthly meter period	complete declared factory-storage period	all included cold rooms and attributable storage auxiliaries	allocate attributable use to occupied mass-time and normalize to the declared reference-product duration	meter calibration; invoice reconciliation; occupancy record; allocation worksheet
cp_storage_refrigerant	frozen_storage	storage-system refrigerant loss	service, purchase, recovery, charge, and equipment records	refrigerant_species; opening_charge; additions; recovery; closing_charge; equipment_id; service_date	equipment-specific mass balance using verified service records	kg	each service event and at least annually	covers the declared factory-storage period	all storage-system equipment serving the represented product	calculate net loss and allocate by equipment service and occupied mass-time	service certificates; cylinder weights; equipment log; calculation worksheet

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calculation_rule_1	all inventory rows	Normalized amount = attributable quantity for the represented period / net conforming frozen potato output for the same period.	attributable quantity; net conforming output	amount per 1 kg reference product	eu-pef-2021-2279
calculation_rule_2	preparation and cooking mass balances	Reconcile opening inventory + inputs = outputs + residues + wastewater-carried solids when quantified + closing inventory + documented unexplained difference; report the unexplained difference rather than forcing balance.	measured masses; inventory changes; residue and loss records	reconciled mass balance and unexplained difference
calculation_rule_3	mixed uncooked, boiled, or steamed production	Aggregate only after calculating route-specific inventories: combined amount = sum(route amount x conforming route output) / sum(conforming route output).	route-specific amount; route-specific conforming output	production-weighted combined amount	un-cpc-3-0-21313
calculation_rule_4	storage energy	Storage amount = attributable storage electricity / occupied net-product mass-time, multiplied by the declared reference-product storage duration.	electricity; occupied mass-time; declared duration	kWh per kg reference product for declared duration	codex-cxc-8-1976
calculation_rule_5	refrigerant emissions	Refrigerant loss = opening charge + additions - recovered quantity - closing charge, adjusted for documented transfers; allocate only the equipment share serving the represented product.	charge inventory; additions; recovery; transfers; allocation driver	kg emitted refrigerant species per reference flow
calculation_rule_6	packaging	Packaging input by material = verified unit mass x units used + attributable line loss - reusable packaging returned within the same accounting treatment; normalize by net product mass.	unit mass; item count; loss; returns; net product mass	kg packaging material per reference flow

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
data_quality_1	product identity and scope	Retain evidence for CPC 21313 scope, cut form, peel status, uncooked/boiled/steamed route, exclusion of mashed or fried products, package format, factory gate, and represented storage period.	product specification; label; batch recipe or route record; un-cpc-3-0-21313
data_quality_2	temporal representativeness	Cover a representative operating period that includes normal production, sanitation, defrosting, start-up, shutdown, and storage conditions, or disclose exclusions and their expected influence.	production calendar; meter coverage; downtime and cleaning logs; eu-pef-2021-2279
data_quality_3	geographical and technological representativeness	Identify facility geography, electricity and fuel supply, water source, preparation and cooking configuration, freezing technology, refrigerant species, package format, and storage system.	facility metadata; supplier records; equipment register; eu-pef-2021-2279
data_quality_4	completeness and reconciliation	Reconcile product mass, water, energy, packaging, wastes, and refrigerants across the represented period; quantify missing coverage, allocation shares, inventory changes, and unexplained differences.	signed reconciliation; meter and invoice cross-check; completeness statement
data_quality_5	provisional ranges	Treat every reasoned_estimate range only as a QA screen. Flag values outside the range for review, and replace the range with representative foreground or source-backed evidence before publication-critical use unless a reviewer explicitly accepts it.	review record; replacement source or approved foreground summary

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validation_rule_1	reference flow and identity	Confirm the canonical PCR id, product-flow UUID, Mass UUID, Units of mass UUID, kg reference unit, 1 kg net reference amount, and all required qualifiers; reject mashed, fried, chipped, fat-precooked, or otherwise prepared products.	un-cpc-3-0-21313
validation_rule_2	route and process coverage	Require preparation, freezing and packaging, and declared factory storage; require cooking-conditioning only for boiled or steamed product, and confirm that route-specific inventories or production-weighted aggregation are used.	un-cpc-3-0-21313; codex-cxc-8-1976
validation_rule_3	mass balance	Check that raw-potato inputs, intermediate transfers, final output, residues, losses, wastewater-related mass where material, and inventory changes reconcile; report any unexplained difference and do not silently force closure.
validation_rule_4	cold-chain inventory	Confirm that freezing and storage electricity or purchased cooling, declared storage duration, temperature records, defrosting where material, refrigerant species and losses, and frozen-product losses are included or explicitly justified as zero or unavailable.	codex-cxc-8-1976
validation_rule_5	allocation and completeness	Confirm that shared burdens use subdivision, direct metering, or a disclosed causal driver; verify allocation shares sum to one and that no recycling or substitution benefit is double counted.	eu-pef-2021-2279
validation_rule_6	evidence readiness	Report unresolved Tiangong inventory-flow UUIDs, missing collection coverage, and every retained reasoned_estimate; candidate guidance is inconclusive for publication until those issues are resolved or explicitly accepted through review.	eu-pef-2021-2279

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Factory-gate foreground dataset for frozen potato production
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset after methodology review, identity resolution, and evidence-quality review
allowed_use	Modelling frozen whole or cut potatoes that are uncooked or boiled/steamed in water, with declared route, package, factory storage, geography, technology, and reference period
excluded_use	Frozen mashed potatoes, French fries, potato chips, fat-precooked or formulated potato products; downstream cold-chain, retail, consumer preparation, or end-of-life unless separately modelled
required_metadata	canonical PCR id; product-flow UUID; CPC reference; product form; peel and cooking state; facility geography; reference period; technology; package format; net mass; storage duration and temperature-monitoring basis; allocation; upstream dataset identities
required_quality_disclosure	foreground coverage; meter and mass-balance completeness; allocation shares; route aggregation; temporal, geographical, and technological representativeness; refrigerant method; exclusions; unresolved UUIDs; retained reasoned estimates and review status
update_trigger	Material change in product scope, cooking route, preparation yield, freezing or storage technology, refrigerant, package format, allocation, facility energy or water supply, storage duration, upstream datasets, or representative foreground evidence

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-21313	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification Version 3.0 Explanatory Notes, subclass 21313, pp. 81 and 83, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Product-category inclusions and exclusions; distinction between uncooked/boiled/steamed frozen potatoes and otherwise prepared potatoes
codex-cxc-8-1976	standard	Codex Alimentarius, CXC 8-1976, Code of Practice for the Processing and Handling of Quick Frozen Foods, last modified 2008, https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/codes-of-practice/en/ (retrieved 2026-08-11)	High-level quick-freezing, handling, storage, and cold-chain process and record scope; no product-specific quantitative range is taken from this source
eu-pef-2021-2279	official_guidance	European Commission, Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on the use of the Environmental Footprint methods, Official Journal L 471, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021H2279 (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Life-cycle inventory completeness, representative and verifiable data, allocation disclosure, dataset quality, and downstream-use controls