Potatoes, otherwise prepared or preserved

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to the production of finished potato products that are prepared or preserved by routes other than preservation by vinegar or acetic acid, simple freezing, simple boiling or steaming in water, or drying. It covers products such as French fries, potato chips or crisps, mashed potato products, potatoes precooked in fat or oil, baked potato products, potato salad, kloesse, and roesti. Products may be frozen or non-frozen.

The foreground boundary starts with receipt of potatoes, ingredients, packaging, and utilities at the manufacturing facility and ends with net finished product released at the plant gate in its declared market state. It includes actual preparation, transformation, optional quick freezing and cold storage, packaging, cleaning and sanitation, on-site waste handling, wastewater generation, and direct emissions. Upstream production of purchased inputs is represented by linked background datasets. Distribution, retail, consumer cooking or reheating, and end-of-life are outside this foreground package unless explicitly added by a downstream study.

The broad category contains materially different recipes, moisture states, cut styles, cooking technologies, and frozen or non-frozen routes. A conforming data package shall therefore declare the product form and route qualifiers and shall use site- and product-specific foreground records rather than a category-average recipe.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.meat-fish-fruits-vegetables-oils-and-fats.potatoes-otherwise-prepared-or-preserved
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 21394, Potatoes, otherwise prepared or preserved
covered_products	French fries; potato chips or crisps; mashed potato products; potatoes precooked in fat or oil; baked potato products; potato salad; kloesse; roesti; other finished potato products within the same semantic boundary; frozen and non-frozen presentations
excluded_products	Raw potatoes; raw frozen potatoes; potatoes merely boiled or steamed in water and frozen; potatoes preserved by vinegar or acetic acid; dried potatoes; starch and other products assigned to another product category
representative_product	Net finished potato product at the manufacturing plant gate, with product form, recipe class, cooking or preservation route, packaging state, and frozen or non-frozen state declared
production_route	Receipt and preparation of potatoes; route-specific size reduction, formulation, cooking, frying, baking, mashing, mixing, or other preservation; optional quick freezing and cold storage; packaging and plant-gate release
market_state	Finished manufactured product, packaged or bulk as declared, frozen or non-frozen, at plant gate

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provide a finished prepared or preserved potato product in its declared recipe, physical form, packaging state, and frozen or non-frozen market state
How much	1 kg net finished product
How well	Conforming to the declared product specification and saleable release criteria; for quick-frozen French fried potatoes, relevant Codex identity, composition, quality, and temperature criteria apply
How long or cycle	One production batch through plant-gate release; declared shelf life is metadata and is not included as a use-duration service in this plant-gate foreground package
reference_flow_link	The reference flow is the net mass of saleable finished product released at the plant gate

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Potatoes, otherwise prepared or preserved b158bec4-e459-437d-8106-88d2f3d92c8a
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	product form; recipe or ingredient class; cooking or preservation route; frozen or non-frozen state; packaging format and net content; production geography; technology; allocation status; plant-gate release condition

When constructing a foreground data package, every item in Required qualifiers shall be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comments, product descriptions, or an equivalent data-package field. Missing qualifiers make the reference-flow definition incomplete.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	Reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report exactly 1 kg net saleable finished product at plant-gate release, excluding pallet and transport packaging unless that packaging is part of the declared sale unit.
net_product_mass	Product yield and reference normalization	Mass	kg	Measure net product mass after final processing and before plant-gate release; separately record product retained for rework, off-specification product, samples, and losses.
batch_to_reference_conversion	All foreground inputs and outputs	Quantity-specific property	Quantity-specific SI unit	Normalize a batch quantity as recorded batch quantity / net saleable batch output in kg; preserve the original record and conversion factor.
frozen_temperature_condition	Quick-frozen products	Temperature	degree Celsius	When the declared market state is quick frozen, record thermal-centre temperature at completion of freezing and storage or dispatch temperature; the product shall reach -18 degree Celsius or colder after thermal stabilization, subject only to documented competent-authority tolerances.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Potatoes, other ingredients, processing aids, packaging materials, and utilities received at the manufacturing-facility gate, each with quantity, state, supplier geography, and upstream dataset reference declared
starting_condition_role	Foreground manufacturing input gate
product_classification_scope	Finished products semantically covered by CPC 3.0 code 21394; classification is scope context and does not replace product-form and route declarations
recursive_input_rule	If a purchased semi-finished input is itself in this PCR category, record it once as a same-category product input, require a supplier-gate dataset for its upstream production, disclose its completed processing state, and do not recreate those upstream stages inside the receiving foreground process
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link representative upstream datasets for potatoes, ingredients, processing aids, energy carriers, water supply where modelled as a product flow, packaging, and same-category semi-finished inputs; disclose proxies, geography, technology, time period, and excluded data gaps
disclosure	Declare product form, recipe class, actual unit operations, frozen state, packaging state, plant location, reference period, allocation method, cut-offs, rework, co-products, wastes, wastewater treatment route, direct emissions, and all deviations from this boundary

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_foreground_gate	Foreground package	Include receiving and preparation, route-specific transformation, optional freezing and cold storage, packaging, cleaning and sanitation, on-site waste and wastewater handling, and direct emissions through plant-gate product release. Keep distribution, retail, use, and end-of-life outside this foreground package unless a downstream study explicitly extends it.	eu-pef-2021-2279
boundary_complete_inventory	Foreground processes	Record all known inputs and outputs, including products, co-products, water, energy, ingredients, packaging, wastes, wastewater, and emissions to air, water, and soil. Identify every co-product, by-product, rework stream, and waste stream.	eu-pef-2021-2279
boundary_route_declaration	Product-specific route	Include only unit operations actually used, but declare the disposition of sorting, washing, peeling, cutting, blanching, cooking, frying, baking, mashing, mixing, cooling, freezing, and storage so omission is distinguishable from non-applicability.	codex-cxs-114-1981; codex-cxc-8-1976
boundary_frozen_chain	Quick-frozen products	Include quick freezing and on-site frozen storage, electricity, refrigerant make-up and leakage where applicable, temperature monitoring, and product losses until plant-gate dispatch; downstream refrigerated transport is outside this package but shall be linked by the downstream model.	codex-cxc-8-1976
boundary_cutoff	Any proposed exclusion	Avoid cut-off. If a downstream PEF-conformant study applies a cut-off, use screening evidence, keep cumulative excluded material, energy, and environmental significance within the applicable 3% rule, and explicitly justify every exclusion; the foreground package itself shall retain known material flows.	eu-pef-2021-2279

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
receiving_and_preparation	Raw material receiving and potato preparation	required	Always include for facility-processed potatoes; if a same-category semi-finished input bypasses an operation, declare the bypass and supplier dataset	Foreground receiving, sorting, cleaning, peeling, and size-reduction preparation	kg prepared potato intermediate
product_transformation	Product-specific transformation	required	Include the actual formulation and preservation operations used by the declared product route	Foreground cooking, frying, baking, mashing, mixing, cooling, or other transformation	kg transformed product before optional freezing and final packaging
quick_freezing_and_cold_storage	Quick freezing and on-site cold storage	conditional	Include when the declared product is quick frozen or held frozen before plant-gate release	Foreground freezing and frozen storage	kg frozen product released to final packaging or dispatch
packaging_and_release	Packaging and plant-gate release	required	Always include; declare bulk, primary, secondary, and reusable packaging actually used	Foreground packaging, final quality release, and reference-flow output	1 kg net saleable finished product

Process: Raw material receiving and potato preparation (receiving_and_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Received potatoes or same-category semi-finished potato input (received_potato_input)

Record the measured mass of potatoes or disclosed same-category semi-finished potato material entering preparation. Retain supplier, lot, origin, storage state, and upstream dataset identity.

• Selected flow: Raw potatoes or declared same-category semi-finished potato input; resolve the product-specific Tiangong UUID before publication
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: weigh received usable and rejected quantities by lot and normalize the accepted input to net finished product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_inputs
• Sources: unstats-cpc-3-0
• Range: Provisional category-wide received-potato screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.5
  • Upper: 5
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product across high-moisture formulated products through low-moisture fried products
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Preparation and sanitation water (preparation_water)

Record metered or defensibly allocated water crossing the preparation boundary for washing, peeling, transfer, and sanitation. Separate recirculated internal water from fresh make-up water.

• Selected flow: Process water; resolve the site-appropriate Tiangong UUID before publication
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: meter fresh water by preparation line and allocate only when line-level subdivision is unavailable
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_and_wastewater
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279
• Range: Provisional category-wide preparation-water screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 20
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: fresh water per 1 kg net saleable finished product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared potato intermediate (prepared_potato_intermediate)

Record the measured mass transferred to the declared transformation route after sorting, cleaning, peeling, and cutting operations that actually apply.

• Selected flow: Prepared potato intermediate internal product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass to product_transformation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared potato intermediate
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_product_mass
• Sources: codex-cxs-114-1981; codex-cxc-8-1976

Waste flows

Sorting, peel, trim, and preparation residues (preparation_residues)

Record residues by measured mass and disposition. Classify a stream as a co-product only when it is intentionally produced, quality-controlled, and leaves with a documented beneficial use and economic value; otherwise record it as waste.

• Selected flow: Potato preparation residues; resolve waste or co-product UUIDs by actual disposition before publication
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured outgoing mass by residue class and destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_outputs
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279
• Range: Provisional preparation-residue screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 4
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Preparation wastewater (preparation_wastewater)

Record wastewater sent to internal treatment, sewer, or external treatment, net of internally recirculated water; retain measured quantity and destination.

• Selected flow: Wastewater; resolve the destination-specific Tiangong waste flow before publication
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: metered discharge or water-balance calculation from collected make-up, product carryover, evaporation, and recirculation records
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_and_wastewater
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279
• Range: Provisional preparation-wastewater screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 20
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Product-specific transformation (product_transformation)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared potato intermediate (transformation_potato_input)

Record the internal mass transferred from preparation and reconcile it to the preceding process output.

• Selected flow: Prepared potato intermediate internal product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass from receiving_and_preparation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg transformed product output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_product_mass
• Sources: codex-cxs-114-1981; codex-cxc-8-1976

Ingredients, edible oil, and processing aids (recipe_inputs)

Record every recipe ingredient and processing aid separately, including edible oil or fat, salt, sugars, seasonings, dairy or other formulation ingredients, and processing aids when used. Do not use this aggregate card as a single combined exchange in a completed dataset.

• Selected flow: Product-specific ingredient flows; resolve each Tiangong UUID before publication
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: actual batch issue minus documented return to stock, recorded separately for each ingredient
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_inputs
• Sources: codex-cxs-114-1981; eu-pef-2021-2279
• Range: Provisional combined recipe-input screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1.5
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: combined non-potato recipe inputs per 1 kg net saleable finished product; completed datasets shall disaggregate ingredients
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Electricity used for transformation (transformation_electricity)

Record metered electricity for route-specific transformation equipment and line auxiliaries, with shared loads subdivided or allocated transparently.

• Selected flow: Electricity supply appropriate to site and voltage; resolve Tiangong UUID before publication
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: meter by line or allocate shared metering using documented equipment runtime and power data
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279
• Range: Provisional transformation-electricity screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.01
  • Upper: 5
  • Unit: kWh
  • Basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Thermal energy and fuels used for transformation (transformation_thermal_energy)

Record steam, hot water, direct fuel, or other thermal-energy carriers used for blanching, cooking, frying, baking, drying incidental to the covered route, and sanitation; separate carrier identities and units.

• Selected flow: Route-specific fuel, steam, or heat supply; resolve each Tiangong UUID before publication
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: measure fuel or heat supply and convert using documented net calorific value or metered delivered heat
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279
• Range: Provisional transformation-thermal-energy screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 30
  • Unit: MJ
  • Basis: delivered thermal energy per 1 kg net saleable finished product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Transformed potato product before optional freezing and final packaging (transformed_product)

Record measured saleable and non-saleable output after the actual cooking, frying, baking, mashing, mixing, cooling, or other preservation route.

• Selected flow: Transformed potato product internal product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass to optional freezing or final packaging
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg transformed product output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_product_mass
• Sources: codex-cxs-114-1981; codex-cxc-8-1976

Waste flows

Transformation residues and off-specification product (transformation_waste)

Record spent oil, crumbs, filter residues, off-specification product, and other route-specific waste separately by composition and destination; record internally reworked product separately from waste.

• Selected flow: Route-specific transformation waste; resolve Tiangong UUIDs by material and destination before publication
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured outgoing mass by waste class and destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_outputs
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279
• Range: Provisional transformation-waste screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 2
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Direct transformation emissions (direct_transformation_emissions)

Record pollutant-specific emissions from on-site combustion, frying exhaust, or other direct release points using measurements or facility activity data and documented factors. Do not aggregate different elementary flows into one exchange.

• Selected flow: Pollutant-specific elementary flows; resolve each Tiangong UUID before publication
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: direct measurement or site activity data x documented emission factor for each pollutant and compartment
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emissions
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Process: Quick freezing and on-site cold storage (quick_freezing_and_cold_storage)

Inputs

Product flows

Product entering quick freezing (freezing_product_input)

Record measured mass and entry temperature of transformed product entering the quick-freezing equipment.

• Selected flow: Transformed potato product internal product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass entering freezing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg frozen product output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_frozen_chain_records
• Sources: codex-cxc-8-1976

Freezing and cold-storage electricity (frozen_chain_electricity)

Record electricity used by quick-freezing equipment and on-site frozen storage through plant-gate release, including defrost and auxiliary loads.

• Selected flow: Electricity supply appropriate to site and voltage; resolve Tiangong UUID before publication
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: meter freezing and cold-store electricity and allocate shared cold storage using documented product mass and residence time
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable frozen product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: codex-cxc-8-1976; eu-pef-2021-2279
• Range: Provisional frozen-chain electricity screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.01
  • Upper: 3
  • Unit: kWh
  • Basis: per 1 kg net saleable frozen product through plant-gate release
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Quick-frozen potato product (quick_frozen_product)

Record output mass, thermal-centre temperature after stabilization, cold-store residence time, and dispatch temperature.

• Selected flow: Quick-frozen potato product internal product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass transferred to final packaging or dispatch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg quick-frozen product output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_frozen_chain_records
• Sources: codex-cxs-114-1981; codex-cxc-8-1976

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Refrigerant releases (refrigerant_releases)

Record each refrigerant emitted from quick-freezing and cold-storage systems using verified make-up records and inventory reconciliation; do not assume zero leakage without records.

• Selected flow: Refrigerant-specific emission to air; resolve each Tiangong elementary-flow UUID before publication
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calculated refrigerant loss from opening and closing inventory, purchases, recovery, and equipment service records
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable frozen product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_records
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Process: Packaging and plant-gate release (packaging_and_release)

Inputs

Product flows

Product entering final packaging (packaging_product_input)

Record the measured mass entering final packaging, identifying whether it comes from non-frozen transformation or quick-frozen storage.

• Selected flow: Transformed or quick-frozen potato product internal product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass entering final packaging
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg packaged product output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_product_mass
• Sources: codex-cxs-114-1981

Primary, secondary, and bulk packaging (packaging_materials)

Record each packaging material separately by material, format, net mass, recycled-content claim when verified, and reuse count where applicable. Exclude transport pallets only when outside the declared sale unit and disclose that exclusion.

• Selected flow: Material-specific packaging product flows; resolve each Tiangong UUID before publication
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: packaging bill of materials verified against purchases, stock changes, and packed-unit counts
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources: codex-cxs-114-1981; eu-pef-2021-2279
• Range: Provisional packaging-mass screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.5
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: packaging per 1 kg net saleable finished product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Net finished product at plant gate (reference_product_output)

This is the quantitative reference output. Record exactly 1 kg net saleable finished product in the declared product form, route, packaging state, and frozen or non-frozen release condition.

• Selected flow: Potatoes, otherwise prepared or preserved b158bec4-e459-437d-8106-88d2f3d92c8a
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Sources: unstats-cpc-3-0

Waste flows

Packaging scrap and rejected packed product (packaging_scrap)

Record packaging scrap and rejected packed product separately by material and destination; return-to-process product is rework, not waste.

• Selected flow: Material-specific packaging waste and rejected product flows; resolve Tiangong UUIDs before publication
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured outgoing mass by material and destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_outputs
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279
• Range: Provisional packaging-scrap screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.5
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net saleable finished product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoidance	Shared preparation, transformation, freezing, storage, packaging, and utility systems	First avoid allocation by sub-metering, separate batch records, and process subdivision. Collect inventory only for operations directly attributable to the declared product whenever subdivision is feasible.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_physical	Unavoidable multifunctional processes	If subdivision or system expansion is not feasible, use a documented physical relationship that reflects causality, such as measured processing time, delivered heat, refrigeration load, or another verified driver. Mass allocation alone is not automatically causal.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_other_relationship	Multifunctionality without a defensible physical relationship	Use economic or another relationship only after documenting why subdivision, system expansion, and physical allocation are not feasible; retain prices, reference period, currency, and sensitivity evidence.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_residue_status	Potato residues, spent oil, rework, and off-specification product	Distinguish internal rework, saleable co-product, recyclable material, and waste using actual disposition and economic status. Do not credit avoided production inside this foreground inventory; any downstream substitution or system expansion shall be a separate transparent scenario.	eu-pef-2021-2279

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_inputs	receiving_and_preparation; product_transformation	potatoes, ingredients, oils, processing aids	weighbridge, scale, batch issue, supplier lot, stock ledger	material identity; supplier; lot; origin; opening stock; receipts; batch issue; returns; closing stock; measured mass	calibrated scales plus stock reconciliation	kg	each lot and batch; monthly reconciliation	declared representative production period covering normal product mix	all facilities and lines in the dataset	sum net consumed mass by material and divide by net saleable output	calibration certificates; supplier records; inventory reconciliation; missing-data log
cp_water_and_wastewater	receiving_and_preparation; product_transformation	fresh water and wastewater	meter and water-balance records	meter id; opening and closing reading; make-up water; recirculation; discharge; evaporation estimate; product carryover; treatment destination	line meter where available; otherwise documented facility balance and causal allocation	kg or m3 with density conversion	continuous or shift readings; monthly reconciliation	declared representative production period	all included preparation, transformation, and sanitation operations	reconcile input, reuse, discharge, evaporation, and product carryover; normalize to reference output	meter calibration; balance closure; discharge invoice or treatment log
cp_energy_records	product_transformation; quick_freezing_and_cold_storage; packaging_and_release	electricity, fuel, steam, and heat	utility meters, invoices, equipment runtime	carrier; meter id; readings; fuel quantity; calorific value; steam or heat quantity; runtime; product mass; storage residence time	sub-metering preferred; otherwise engineering allocation using verified runtime or refrigeration load	kWh, MJ, or carrier unit with conversion	continuous or batch readings; monthly reconciliation	declared representative production period including seasonal frozen-storage conditions where applicable	all included equipment and shared utilities	subtract non-production loads; subdivide or apply documented causal driver; normalize to reference output	meter calibration; invoices; runtime logs; conversion-factor source
cp_product_mass	all processes	internal transfers, saleable output, rework, and losses	calibrated scale and production ledger	batch id; product form; input mass; transfer mass; saleable output; rework; samples; off-specification mass	weigh each transfer or reconcile calibrated continuous mass-flow measurement	kg	each batch	full declared production period	all included product lines	reconcile consecutive process outputs and normalize to exactly 1 kg net saleable output	scale calibration; batch mass balance; release records
cp_waste_outputs	all processes	residues, off-specification product, spent oil, wastewater solids, packaging scrap	scales, waste manifests, internal treatment logs	material; mass; moisture or concentration where relevant; destination; rework status; economic value; transporter	weigh by stream and retain destination evidence	kg	each removal or batch; monthly reconciliation	full declared production period	all included lines and waste-handling areas	sum by material and disposition; do not net saleable co-products against waste	scale calibration; manifests; invoices; treatment acceptance records
cp_direct_emissions	product_transformation	direct emissions to air, water, and soil	stack or effluent measurement and activity-factor calculation	pollutant; compartment; concentration; flow rate; operating time; fuel use; factor; factor source	direct measurement preferred; otherwise site activity multiplied by documented factor	pollutant-specific kg	monitoring schedule or each operating period	period representative of actual controls and product mix	all included direct release points	calculate by pollutant and compartment, then normalize to reference output	laboratory accreditation; instrument calibration; sampling plan; factor reference
cp_frozen_chain_records	quick_freezing_and_cold_storage	mass, entry temperature, thermal-centre temperature, storage and dispatch condition	calibrated temperature sensor, batch record, cold-store log	batch id; entry time and temperature; freezer exit time; thermal-centre temperature after stabilization; storage duration; air temperature; dispatch temperature; product mass	continuous air monitoring plus validated direct or indirect product-temperature checks	degree Celsius, hour, kg	each batch plus continuous cold-store monitoring	all frozen batches in the declared period	all quick-freezing equipment and cold stores serving included batches	retain batch extrema and calculate mass-weighted storage duration; never average away a temperature excursion	sensor calibration; alarm and deviation log; corrective-action record
cp_refrigerant_records	quick_freezing_and_cold_storage	refrigerant make-up, recovery, and release	purchase, inventory, recovery, and maintenance records	refrigerant identity; opening stock; purchases; charging; recovery; closing stock; equipment id	annual or campaign inventory reconciliation supported by service records	kg	each service event and period-end reconciliation	full declared period	all freezing and cold-storage equipment	loss = opening stock + purchases + charged returns - closing stock - recovered or transferred quantity	service invoice; cylinder weights; leak test; reconciliation
cp_packaging_records	packaging_and_release	packaging materials and packed units	bill of materials, purchase and stock records, pack counter	material; component mass; units packed; opening stock; receipts; scrap; closing stock; reuse count	component weighing plus stock and unit-count reconciliation	kg and count	each packaging specification; monthly reconciliation	full declared production period	all packaging formats included in the dataset	calculate material mass per net product mass by format, then aggregate using actual output shares	packaging specification; supplier declaration; stock reconciliation; reuse log

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalize_to_reference_mass	Every foreground amount	normalized amount = recorded quantity / net saleable finished-product mass; convert the result to the required SI unit and retain original quantity and conversion	recorded quantity; net saleable finished-product mass; conversion factor	amount per 1 kg reference product	eu-pef-2021-2279
batch_mass_balance	Each process and whole foreground package	Reconcile all material inputs with product, co-product, rework, waste, wastewater-carried material where measured, emissions, and documented stock change; investigate rather than silently allocate unexplained imbalance	material inputs; outputs; rework; waste; stock change; measured releases	disclosed balance closure and unexplained difference	eu-pef-2021-2279
wastewater_balance	Preparation and transformation wastewater	discharge = fresh make-up + imported water in materials - water in product - evaporation - exported or recovered water - stock change, using measured terms and disclosing estimated terms	water meter; recirculation; product moisture where available; evaporation; recovered water	wastewater quantity by destination	eu-pef-2021-2279
direct_emission_calculation	Pollutant-specific releases without continuous direct measurement	emission = site activity x documented emission factor x (1 - measured control efficiency where applicable); never reuse one factor across different pollutants or technologies without justification	activity record; factor; control efficiency; operating period	pollutant mass by compartment per reference flow	eu-pef-2021-2279
refrigerant_balance	Freezing and cold-storage refrigerants	Reconcile opening stock, purchases, charges, recovered mass, transfers, and closing stock by refrigerant; positive unexplained loss is recorded as emission to air	refrigerant inventory and service records	refrigerant-specific release per reference flow	eu-pef-2021-2279

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	Reference product and all batches	Product form, recipe class, actual unit operations, packaging format, frozen state, plant, geography, and reference period shall be traceable to production and release records.	product specification; bill of materials; batch record; release record
dq_measurement	Mass, water, energy, temperature, and emissions	Use calibrated meters or documented engineering calculations; retain units, conversion factors, meter coverage, allocation drivers, and missing-data treatment.	calibration certificates; meter map; calculation workbook or machine-readable equivalent
dq_temporal_coverage	Foreground averages	Use a declared period representative of normal operation, product mix, maintenance, and seasonal cold-storage conditions; disclose shutdowns, start-up, atypical campaigns, and data gaps.	production calendar; meter and batch coverage report; missing-data log
dq_completeness	All foreground processes	Demonstrate coverage of all known product, co-product, material, water, energy, packaging, waste, wastewater, and direct elementary flows; explicitly justify exclusions and quantify applicable cut-offs.	flow checklist; mass and water balances; source and proxy register; exclusion log
dq_representativeness	Foreground and linked upstream datasets	Assess technological, geographical, and time-related representativeness and precision; disclose proxies and any mismatch to the declared route.	dataset metadata; DQR assessment; proxy justification
dq_frozen_chain	Quick-frozen product	Retain calibrated temperature records, excursions, corrective actions, and storage duration for every included frozen batch; do not average away nonconforming excursions.	sensor calibration; batch and cold-store log; deviation and disposition record
dq_allocation	Shared or multifunctional processes	Retain evidence that subdivision was attempted and document every driver, factor, price, reference period, and sensitivity used for remaining allocation.	meter map; allocation workbook; price record; sensitivity result

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_flow	Reference output	Confirm the quantitative reference is exactly 1 kg net saleable product using flow b158bec4-e459-437d-8106-88d2f3d92c8a, Mass property 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, mass unit group 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66, and unit kg.	unstats-cpc-3-0
validate_scope_and_qualifiers	Product identity	Reject a package that omits product form, recipe or ingredient class, actual cooking or preservation route, frozen state, packaging format, production geography, technology, allocation status, or plant-gate release condition, or that falls in an explicitly excluded potato category.	unstats-cpc-3-0; codex-cxs-114-1981
validate_process_route	Process map and inventory	Confirm every required process is represented, the conditional frozen process matches the declared product state, and every potentially applicable unit operation has an explicit included, not-applicable, or supplier-completed disposition.	codex-cxs-114-1981; codex-cxc-8-1976
validate_mass_and_water_balance	Foreground inventory	Require process and whole-package mass reconciliation plus a water balance when water or wastewater is material; unresolved differences shall be findings, not silently allocated amounts.	eu-pef-2021-2279
validate_frozen_condition	Quick-frozen product	Confirm thermal-centre temperature reached -18 degree Celsius or colder after stabilization and that on-site cold storage and dispatch records demonstrate temperature control; report every excursion and disposition.	codex-cxs-114-1981; codex-cxc-8-1976
validate_allocation	Shared and multifunctional processes	Confirm the hierarchy of subdivision or system expansion, physical relationship, then other relationship was followed and documented; verify residue status and prevent undisclosed avoided-burden credits.	eu-pef-2021-2279
validate_completeness_and_cutoff	Foreground and linked datasets	Confirm all known inputs and outputs are addressed, proxies and exclusions are disclosed, and any downstream PEF cut-off is screened, justified, and within the applicable cumulative threshold.	eu-pef-2021-2279
validate_source_traceability	Records, factors, and generated dataset	Confirm foreground records are traceable to calibration, supplier, meter, batch, waste, emission, and temperature evidence; confirm every external factor has a stable source and that no provisional reasoned estimate is presented as observed data.	eu-pef-2021-2279

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Product-specific foreground manufacturing data package normalized to 1 kg net finished potato product at plant gate
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset after review and publication
allowed_use	Product-specific process and lifecycle-model construction when route, recipe, technology, geography, frozen state, packaging, allocation, temporal coverage, and upstream links are compatible and disclosed
excluded_use	Unqualified category-average claims; agricultural potato production without an upstream dataset; simple frozen, boiled, steamed, vinegar-preserved, or dried potato products outside this scope; consumer cooking; distribution, retail, or end-of-life claims not separately modelled; environmental declarations based on provisional reasoned-estimate ranges
required_metadata	PCR id and version used; reference product UUID; product form; recipe or ingredient class; unit operations; frozen state; packaging format; net content; plant and geography; technology; reference period; source and proxy register; upstream dataset identities; allocation and cut-off declarations; data-quality assessment
required_quality_disclosure	Meter and record coverage; calibration evidence; mass and water balance closure; temporal, technological, and geographical representativeness; missing data; proxy use; allocation sensitivity; co-product and waste disposition; temperature excursions for frozen product; status of provisional ranges
update_trigger	Material change in product specification, recipe, yield, processing technology, energy or refrigerant system, frozen-state management, packaging, supplier geography, allocation relationship, regulatory or Codex requirement, data source, or representative production period

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unstats-cpc-3-0	dataset	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification Version 3.0, official classification resources, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Product-category identity, inclusion and exclusion boundary, and classification context
codex-cxs-114-1981	standard	Codex Alimentarius, CXS 114-1981, Standard for Quick Frozen French Fried Potatoes, amended 2019, https://workspace.fao.org/sites/codex/Standards/CXS%20114-1981/CXS_114e.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Representative French-fry product definition, sorting, washing, peeling, cutting, frying, quick-freezing, composition, quality, packaging, and release-condition rules
codex-cxc-8-1976	official_guidance	Codex Alimentarius, CXC 8-1976, Code of Practice for the Processing and Handling of Quick Frozen Foods, revised 2008, https://workspace.fao.org/sites/codex/Standards/CXC%208-1976/CXC_008e.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Conditional frozen-route process decomposition, cold-chain temperature control, monitoring, storage, and traceability
eu-pef-2021-2279	official_guidance	European Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279, Annex I Product Environmental Footprint Method, ELI http://data.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/oj (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Functional unit, reference flow, system boundary, complete foreground data, allocation hierarchy, cut-off, data collection, calculation, quality, and validation rules