Pig meat, cuts, salted, dried or smoked (bacon and ham) · Process: Cleaning and disinfection (facility_sanitation)

Process: Cleaning and disinfection (facility_sanitation)

Inputs

Product flows

Sanitation water (sanitation_water)

This atomic exchange records the quantity of Sanitation water crossing this process boundary.

• Selected flow: Potable cleaning water
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Meter water used for pre-rinse, detergent rinse, disinfection, and final rinse and allocate to the declared route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_facility_sanitation
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; fao-who-codex-cxc-58-2005

Sodium hydroxide cleaner (sodium_hydroxide_cleaner)

This atomic exchange records the quantity of Sodium hydroxide cleaner crossing this process boundary.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Record active sodium hydroxide mass in alkaline cleaner consumed
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_facility_sanitation
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Nitric acid cleaner (nitric_acid_cleaner)

This atomic exchange records the quantity of Nitric acid cleaner crossing this process boundary.

• Selected flow: Nitric acid
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Record active nitric acid mass in acid cleaner consumed; otherwise mark this row not applicable
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_facility_sanitation
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Sodium hypochlorite disinfectant (sodium_hypochlorite_disinfectant)

This atomic exchange records the quantity of Sodium hypochlorite disinfectant crossing this process boundary.

• Selected flow: Sodium hypochlorite
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Record active sodium hypochlorite mass in disinfectant consumed; otherwise mark this row not applicable
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_facility_sanitation
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; fao-who-codex-cxc-58-2005

Outputs

Waste flows

Meat-processing cleaning wastewater (cleaning_wastewater)

This atomic exchange records the quantity of Meat-processing cleaning wastewater crossing this process boundary.

• Selected flow: Meat-processing cleaning wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Meter sanitation wastewater sent to on-site treatment, sewer, or off-site treatment
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_facility_sanitation
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Screened meat solids from cleaning (screened_meat_solids)

This atomic exchange records the quantity of Screened meat solids from cleaning crossing this process boundary.

• Selected flow: Screened meat solids from cleaning
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh solids removed before wastewater discharge
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_facility_sanitation
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Process: On-site wastewater treatment (onsite_wastewater_treatment)

Inputs

Waste flows

Combined meat-processing wastewater to treatment (wastewater_to_onsite_treatment)

This atomic exchange records the quantity of Combined meat-processing wastewater to treatment crossing this process boundary.

• Selected flow: Meat-processing wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Meter wastewater entering the on-site treatment plant, including separately recorded brine, purge, scrubber, and cleaning streams
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Outputs

Waste flows

Wastewater treatment sludge (wastewater_treatment_sludge)

This atomic exchange records the quantity of Wastewater treatment sludge crossing this process boundary.

• Selected flow: Meat-processing wastewater treatment sludge
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh dewatered sludge and record dry-matter content and destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Treated wastewater to sewer (treated_wastewater_to_sewer)

This atomic exchange records the quantity of Treated wastewater to sewer crossing this process boundary.

• Selected flow: Treated meat-processing wastewater to sewer
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Meter treated effluent transferred to a downstream sewer or off-site treatment; use elementary output rows instead for direct environmental discharge
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Elementary flows

Chemical oxygen demand to water (cod_to_water)

This atomic exchange records the quantity of Chemical oxygen demand to water crossing this process boundary.

• Selected flow: Chemical oxygen demand, to water
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate discharged COD from measured effluent concentration and direct-discharge volume
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Total nitrogen to water (total_nitrogen_to_water)

This atomic exchange records the quantity of Total nitrogen to water crossing this process boundary.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen, total, to water
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate discharged total nitrogen from measured effluent concentration and direct-discharge volume
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Total phosphorus to water (total_phosphorus_to_water)

This atomic exchange records the quantity of Total phosphorus to water crossing this process boundary.

• Selected flow: Phosphorus, total, to water
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate discharged total phosphorus from measured effluent concentration and direct-discharge volume
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Chloride to water (chloride_to_water)

This atomic exchange records the quantity of Chloride to water crossing this process boundary.

• Selected flow: Chloride, to water
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate discharged chloride from measured effluent concentration and direct-discharge volume
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_treatment
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid_by_subdivision	all_shared_operations	First subdivide route-specific processing and directly metered utilities, sanitation, refrigeration, packaging, waste, and emissions. Do not allocate excluded or non-applicable routes to the reference product.	eu-commission-pef-2021-2279
allocation_physical_driver	shared_facility_inputs	When subdivision is not possible, allocate shared electricity, steam, heat, natural gas, water, sanitation, and storage using a documented physical driver that reflects causality, such as submetered operating time, equipment load, product mass-time, or occupied refrigerated volume-time.	eu-commission-pef-2021-2279
allocation_trimming_coproducts	edible_pork_fat_trimmings_and_edible_pork_skin_trimmings	Keep saleable edible fat and skin as separate co-product outputs. Prefer process subdivision; if residual burdens remain, document the physical relationship or other justified allocation basis and disclose factors. Do not treat saleable co-products as zero-burden waste.	eu-commission-pef-2021-2279
allocation_rework_and_rejects	off_specification_product	Return rework to the originating process without creating avoided product; track repeated inputs and losses. Assign treatment burdens and credits only to the documented final destination of rejected material.	fao-who-codex-cxc-58-2005; eu-commission-pef-2021-2279

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_receipt_trimming	receipt_trimming	received meat, trimmed product, co-products, trimmings, rejects	weighbridge, scale, lot disposition	lot_id; cut; received_state; gross_mass; tare; accepted_mass; trimmed_mass; each output mass; destination	Calibrated scales reconciled to lot and disposition records	kg	Every lot or batch	Representative production year, including seasonal products	All sites in dataset scope	Sum each atomic exchange; normalize to reference output; reconcile input to outputs and recorded loss	Calibration certificates; supplier lots; disposition records; mass-balance reconciliation
cp_dry_curing	dry_curing	meat, each dry ingredient, cured output, purge, spent cure, reject	recipe issue, scale, batch sheet	batch_id; ingredient_identity; active_concentration; issued_mass; returned_mass; meat_in; product_out; purge; spent_cure; reject; cure_time; cure_temperature	Calibrated weighing and batch reconciliation	kg	Every batch	Representative production year	Every dry-cure line and site	Sum each ingredient and output separately; normalize by reference output	Approved formula; scale calibration; batch sheet; cure-control records
cp_brine_curing	brine_curing	meat, water, each brine ingredient, cured output, spent brine, purge, reject	brine make-up, injector or immersion log, scales, meter	batch_id; curing_method; water_mass; each ingredient identity and active mass; meat_in; injection_or_immersion_mass; product_out; spent_brine; purge; reject; hold_time; temperature	Meter and calibrated scales; reconcile prepared, retained, recovered, and discarded brine	kg	Every batch	Representative production year	Every brine line and site	Keep injection and immersion routes separate; normalize atomic exchanges to reference output	Approved recipe; meter and scale calibration; equipment and hold records
cp_tumbling	tumbling	tumbled meat and purge	batch scale and tumbler log	batch_id; meat_in; meat_out; purge; duration; duty_cycle; temperature	Calibrated weighing and equipment log	kg	Every batch	Representative production year	Every tumbler used	Reconcile mass in, product out, and purge; normalize to reference output	Scale calibration; tumbler batch record
cp_cooking	cooking	cooked product, drip, reject	cooker batch sheet and scales	batch_id; meat_in; product_out; drip; reject; equipment_id; time_temperature_profile; core_temperature	Calibrated weighing and validated time-temperature recording	kg	Every batch	Representative production year	Every cooker or oven	Reconcile mass and retain route-specific thermal record	Scale and temperature calibration; validated cooking schedule
cp_smoking	smoking	meat, each smoke material, ash, scrubber wastewater, reject, each air emission	batch sheet, scales, stack test, control-device log	batch_id; meat_in; meat_out; wood_species; chips_mass; sawdust_mass; ash_mass; wastewater_mass; reject; pollutant_identity; concentration; gas_flow; test_duration; control_status	Calibrated weighing; stack measurement or documented pollutant-specific calculation	kg	Each batch for materials; representative tests and required monitoring for emissions	Representative production year and operating/control states	Every smokehouse	Calculate each pollutant separately; do not use a combined VOC or PAH exchange; normalize to reference output	Stack-test report; laboratory QA; control-device log; scale calibration
cp_drying_ripening	drying_ripening	dried product and reject	batch scales and room control records	batch_id; product_in; product_out; reject; time; temperature; relative_humidity; target_product_criterion	Calibrated weighing and continuous room monitoring	kg	Every batch	Representative production year	Every drying or ripening room	Reconcile mass and preserve declared route conditions	Scale and sensor calibration; validated product criterion
cp_cooling_chilling	cooling_chilling	product before and after cooling	batch scale and time-temperature logger	batch_id; product_in; product_out; start_time; end_time; product_temperature_profile; room_temperature	Calibrated weighing and continuous temperature recording	kg	Every batch	Representative production year	Every cooling or chilling system	Normalize product mass and retain route-specific cooling profile	Scale and temperature calibration; cooling validation
cp_slicing	slicing	sliced output, edible offcuts, reject	line scale and production log	batch_id; product_in; sliced_output; edible_offcuts; reject; disposition	Calibrated line scales and mass reconciliation	kg	Every batch	Representative production year	Every slicing line	Reconcile product, co-product, and reject by row_id	Scale calibration; production and disposition records
cp_packaging	packaging	net product, each packaging component, each packaging waste, reject	bill of materials, issue records, scales, line counters	batch_id; net_product; component_identity; component_mass; issued_count; unit_mass; returned_count; each waste mass; reject_mass	Product-specific bill of materials reconciled to issues and waste	kg	Every packaging campaign	Representative production year	Every packaging line and format	Keep each polymer, tray, carton, and label separate; normalize to net reference product	Supplier specifications; BOM; count-to-mass check; waste records
cp_refrigerated_storage	refrigerated_storage	stored product and storage service	stock, temperature, volume and time logs	lot_id; net_product_mass; entry_time; exit_time; temperature_profile; occupied_volume	Inventory reconciliation and continuous temperature logging	kg and day	Every lot	Representative production year	Every factory-gate cold store	Normalize product output; allocate shared storage by documented mass-time or volume-time	Inventory records; calibrated temperature loggers; storage allocation worksheet
cp_facility_utilities	facility_utilities	each energy carrier, fuel, water, refrigerant, and direct emission	meters, invoices, tank and refrigerant logs, stack data	meter_id; process_id; start_reading; end_reading; carrier; fuel_identity; energy_content; water; refrigerant_identity; charge; addition; recovery; ending_inventory; pollutant; factor_source	Prefer process submetering; reconcile invoices and inventories; calculate each emission separately	kWh, MJ, or kg	Continuous or each billing/service period	Representative production year	All facilities and route equipment	Subtract non-production and excluded routes; allocate with documented physical driver; normalize to reference output	Meter calibration; invoices; fuel and refrigerant reconciliation; emission calculation record
cp_facility_sanitation	facility_sanitation	water, each cleaning or disinfecting chemical, wastewater, screened solids	chemical issue, active concentration, water and effluent meter, solids scale	sanitation_event; area_or_equipment; water; chemical_identity; product_concentration; active_fraction; issued_mass; wastewater; screened_solids	Meter and weigh each chemical as active substance; allocate campaign and period sanitation	kg	Every sanitation event or shift	Representative production year	All included process areas	Keep each chemical atomic; allocate by documented sanitation driver; normalize to reference output	Sanitation SOP; concentration certificate; meter and scale calibration
cp_wastewater_treatment	onsite_wastewater_treatment	wastewater, sludge, treated effluent, COD, nitrogen, phosphorus, chloride	influent and effluent meter, composite sample, sludge scale	flow_volume; density; sludge_wet_mass; sludge_dry_matter; COD; total_nitrogen; total_phosphorus; chloride; discharge_route	Flow-proportional composite sampling and accredited analysis; calibrated flow meter	kg	Flow continuously; composite samples at permit or representative frequency	Representative production year	Every on-site treatment plant	Concentration times flow for each pollutant; normalize to reference output; distinguish sewer transfer from direct discharge	Laboratory accreditation; chain of custody; meter calibration; discharge records

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_normalize_reference	all_inventory_rows	normalized amount = route-attributable amount / net kg of conforming reference product after declared storage	atomic exchange amount; packaged_refrigerated_product net mass	amount per 1 kg reference product	eu-commission-pef-2021-2279
calc_mass_reconciliation	each_material_process	input mass = product outputs + co-products + wastes + measured purge or drip + documented inventory change; investigate residuals rather than assigning them to an invented flow	all mass rows for the batch	batch mass-balance residual and completeness finding	mass-balance-identity
calc_active_ingredient	nitrite_nitrate_ascorbate_phosphate_and_cleaners	active substance mass = formulated product mass × documented active fraction	issued product mass; supplier active fraction	active ingredient mass	eu-commission-pef-2021-2279
calc_refrigerant_leak	each_refrigerant	leakage = beginning charge + additions − recovered amount − ending charge − documented transfers; allocate the result using the refrigeration service driver	refrigerant inventory and service records	kg of one named refrigerant to air	eu-commission-pef-2021-2279
calc_effluent_load	each_direct_water_pollutant	discharged load = measured concentration × direct-discharge volume, with unit and density conversion documented	pollutant concentration; discharge volume	kg pollutant to water	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-commission-pef-2021-2279
calc_smoke_emission	each_smoke_pollutant	pollutant mass = measured stack concentration × dry gas flow × test duration, or activity data × one documented smokehouse-specific factor; never apply one factor to a different pollutant or control state	pollutant-specific stack or activity record	kg of one named pollutant to air	us-epa-ap42-meat-smokehouses-1995; eu-commission-pef-2021-2279

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_route_identity	product and process map	Document one curing method and the actual cooking, smoking, drying, slicing, packaging, and refrigeration route; no mutually exclusive process may be silently averaged in.	Batch route declaration, recipe, equipment records, product specification
dq_atomic_bill_of_materials	ingredients, utilities, fuels, refrigerants, packaging, wastes, emissions	The bill of materials and inventory shall contain one row per specific exchange. Add a new atomic row for every declared ingredient, fuel, refrigerant, packaging component, waste, or emission not already represented.	Product-specific BOM, supplier specification, direct-read flow review
dq_mass_completeness	each batch and annual aggregation	Reconcile received meat, ingredients retained in product, product outputs, co-products, purge, drip, rejects, wastes, and inventory changes; investigate material residuals.	Batch mass balances and annual reconciliation
dq_temporal_coverage	foreground records	Cover a representative continuous 12-month period or justify a shorter campaign for seasonal or infrequent products; disclose abnormal production and shutdowns.	Date-stamped records and representativeness statement
dq_measurement	meters, scales, laboratory data	Use calibrated equipment and retain method, frequency, detection limit, missing-data treatment, and uncertainty for measured utilities and emissions.	Calibration, laboratory QA, maintenance, and missing-data logs
dq_source_and_factor	calculated values	Retain the exact source, version, applicability, unit conversion, and control state for every external factor; a source used only for process decomposition cannot supply an amount.	Calculation workbook and original source
dq_range_evidence	all important flows	Do not author an empirical range from a single case or one point. A future inferred range requires at least two independent verified originals with compatible boundary, unit, and normalization basis.	Range evidence review; unresolved-range register

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	reference_flow	Confirm 1 kg net reference product, Mass UUID, Units of mass UUID, kg, and all required qualifiers; fail if a narrower bacon-only, ham-only, or broader processed-meat UUID is substituted for unresolved CPC 21181 identity.	unsd-cpc-3-0
validate_route_exclusivity	process_map	Require exactly one of dry_cure, brine_injection, or brine_immersion. Reject cooking outside cooked ham, smoking outside a smoked route, drying or ripening outside a dried route, or slicing outside a sliced product route.	usda-fsis-bacon-food-safety; usda-fsis-hams-food-safety; usda-fsis-rte-salt-cured-dried-2023
validate_atomic_inventory	process_inventory	Reject any combined ingredient, energy-carrier, fuel, refrigerant, packaging, waste, wastewater, sludge, or emission collection row; every selected flow must resolve to one Tiangong flow before publication.	eu-commission-pef-2021-2279
validate_recipe_completeness	curing	Match every declared recipe ingredient to one input row and active mass record, including salt, nitrite, nitrate, sugar, each spice, ascorbate, phosphate, and any additional ingredient.	usda-fsis-bacon-food-safety; usda-fsis-hams-food-safety; fao-who-codex-cxc-58-2005
validate_smoke_inventory	smoking	For natural-smoke routes require smoke-material identity and assess PM2.5, carbon monoxide, acrolein, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, acetic acid, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and benzo[a]pyrene individually; record measurement, calculation, not-applicable basis, or disclosed data gap for each.	us-epa-ap42-meat-smokehouses-1995; fao-who-codex-cxc-68-2009
validate_mass_balance	each_material_process	Check batch and annual mass-balance residuals and trace all co-products, purge, drip, rejects, wastewater, sludge, and packaging waste to destinations.	mass-balance-identity; eu-commission-pef-2021-2279
validate_data_quality	foreground_dataset	Verify route, technological, geographical, and temporal representativeness; calibrated measurement; documented allocation; source applicability; and separation of foreground records from external evidence.	eu-commission-pef-2021-2279; fao-who-codex-cxc-58-2005

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	secondary_dataset or background_dataset derived from a completed, reviewed foreground data package
downstream_use	Process and lifecycle-model construction for pig meat cuts preserved by the declared salted, dried, or smoked route at the factory gate
allowed_use	The represented product form, pig cut, curing method, conditional process route, recipe, packaging, geography, technology, reference period, and storage condition
excluded_use	Unrepresented curing or preservation routes; fresh pig meat; sausages or comminuted products; non-pig meat; consumer cooking; distribution; substitution of unresolved or approximate UUIDs
required_metadata	PCR id and version; product and route qualifiers; reference flow; geography; reference period; technology; site coverage; allocation drivers; upstream links; data sources; UUID resolution status
required_quality_disclosure	Data coverage and gaps; mass-balance residuals; meter and laboratory quality; source and factor applicability; route shares if averaged; co-product treatment; wastewater route; emission and refrigerant gaps; absence of qualified ranges
update_trigger	Change in product scope, curing method, recipe, cooking, smoking or drying technology, packaging, refrigeration system, wastewater route, allocation driver, geography, representative period, regulation, or confirmed Tiangong identity

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-3-0	standard	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification Version 3.0, structure and explanatory notes, CPC 21181, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/CPC (accessed 2026-08-24)	Product category scope and exclusions
fao-who-codex-cxc-58-2005	standard	FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius, CXC 58-2005, Code of Hygienic Practice for Meat, https://workspace.fao.org/sites/codex/Standards/CXC%2058-2005/CXC_058e.pdf (accessed 2026-08-24)	Meat-processing boundary, hygiene, sanitation, temperature control, cooking, smoking, drying, curing, packaging, storage, rejects, and validation records
fao-who-codex-cxc-68-2009	standard	FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius, CXC 68-2009, Code of Practice for the Reduction of Contamination of Food with PAH from Smoking and Direct Drying Processes, https://workspace.fao.org/sites/codex/Standards/CXC%2068-2009/CXC_068e.pdf (accessed 2026-08-24)	Smoke-material disclosure, smoking controls, and identity of combustion contaminants
usda-fsis-bacon-food-safety	official_guidance	USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service, Bacon and Food Safety, https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/meat-catfish/bacon-and-food-safety (accessed 2026-08-24)	Bacon trimming, dry curing, pumping, immersion, ingredients, heat processing, smoking, chilling, slicing, and packaging route decomposition
usda-fsis-hams-food-safety	official_guidance	USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service, Hams and Food Safety, https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/meat-catfish/hams-and-food-safety (accessed 2026-08-24)	Ham wet and dry curing, injection, tumbling, ingredients, cooking, smoking, drying, and product-state declarations
usda-fsis-rte-salt-cured-dried-2023	official_guidance	USDA FSIS-GD-2023-0002, Ready-to-Eat Fermented, Salt-Cured, and Dried Products Guideline, https://fsistraining.fsis.usda.gov/pluginfile.php/34201/mod_resource/content/1/FSIS%20Ready-to-Eat%20Fermented%2C%20Salt-Cured%2C%20and%20Dried%20Products%20Guideline%20.pdf (accessed 2026-08-24)	Dry-cured ham process decomposition, curing, equalization, drying controls, product criteria, and scientific-support limitations
eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019	official_guidance	European Commission JRC, Best Available Techniques Reference Document for the Food, Drink and Milk Industries, JRC118627, EUR 29978 EN, doi:10.2760/243911, https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC118627 (accessed 2026-08-24)	Meat-processing utilities, cleaning sequence, cleaning chemicals, water, wastewater, solids, pollution control, and environmental data collection
us-epa-ap42-meat-smokehouses-1995	method_factor	US EPA AP-42, Section 9.5.2 Meat Smokehouses, September 1995, https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-10/documents/c9s05-2.pdf (accessed 2026-08-24)	Smokehouse process and pollutant identity; pollutant-specific measurement or calculation design; no AP-42 value is adopted as a PCR range
eu-commission-pef-2021-2279	standard	European Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279, Annex I Product Environmental Footprint Method, http://data.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/oj (accessed 2026-08-24)	Functional unit, company-specific inputs and outputs, bill of materials, direct emissions, allocation, data quality, completeness, and documentation
petit-et-al-2021-cooked-ham-lca	literature	Petit, G. et al. (2021), Comparing Innovative Versus Conventional Ham Processes via Environmental Life Cycle Assessment Supplemented with the Assessment of Nitrite Impacts on Human Health, Applied Sciences 11(1), 451, doi:10.3390/app11010451	Peer-reviewed cooked-ham manufacturing and LCI process decomposition; not quantitative range evidence
pauer-et-al-2020-bacon-packaging	literature	Pauer, E. et al. (2020), Sustainability of flexible multilayer packaging: Environmental impacts and recyclability of packaging for bacon in block, Cleaner Environmental Systems 1, 100001, doi:10.1016/j.cesys.2020.100001	Peer-reviewed bacon packaging component and packaging-process decomposition; not quantitative range evidence
beigbeder-et-al-2022-dry-cured-ham-packaging	literature	Beigbeder, J., Allal, A., and Robert, N. (2022), Ex-ante life cycle assessment of a partially reusable packaging system for dry-cured ham slices, Clean Technologies and Recycling 2(3), 119-135, doi:10.3934/ctr.2022007	Peer-reviewed dry-cured ham slicing and tray/film thermosealing decomposition; not quantitative range evidence
mass-balance-identity	method_factor	Conservation of mass applied to batch and annual foreground reconciliation	Reference normalization, process yield reconciliation, and completeness checks