Peas, frozen

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR specifies foreground data production for unseasoned quick-frozen peas made from young, tender peas of Pisum sativum L. It covers receipt of fresh peas, shelling when required, cleaning, sorting, washing, blanching, cooling and draining, quick freezing, inspection, packaging, and on-site frozen storage up to release at the factory cold-store gate. It is suitable for bulk or retail-packed, sized or unsized, individually quick-frozen or block-frozen peas when the presentation is declared.

Agricultural cultivation, harvested-pea transport to the factory, manufacture of purchased energy, water, packaging and refrigerants, outbound distribution, retail, cooking, consumption, and end-of-life are outside the foreground boundary. Those stages require linked upstream or downstream datasets when a complete life-cycle model is constructed. Peas canned, dried, fresh, mixed with other foods, seasoned, sauced, or otherwise preserved but not frozen are outside this category.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.meat-fish-fruits-vegetables-oils-and-fats.peas-frozen
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 21312, Peas, frozen, exact scope reference
covered_products	Quick-frozen whole green or garden peas of Pisum sativum L.; sized or unsized; IQF or block-frozen; bulk or packaged; optional declared ingredients permitted by the applicable product specification
excluded_products	Fresh green peas; dry peas; canned peas; peas otherwise prepared or preserved but not frozen; field peas of Vigna spp.; pea-and-vegetable mixtures; seasoned or sauced pea dishes; products intended for further industrial processing when they do not meet the declared finished-product specification
representative_product	Unseasoned, individually quick-frozen garden peas, packaged or bulk, released from the factory cold store
production_route	Fresh-pea receipt and optional shelling; cleaning, sorting and washing; blanching; cooling and draining; quick freezing; inspection and packing; frozen storage
market_state	Finished frozen food at the factory cold-store gate, with thermal-centre freezing completed and product maintained at -18 °C or colder, subject only to declared competent-authority tolerances

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Frozen edible peas that retain the declared product quality and are suitable for cold-chain distribution and subsequent cooking or consumption
How much	1 kg net product mass, excluding all packaging
How well	Clean, sound, whole, young and tender Pisum sativum peas; sufficiently blanched; quick-frozen; conforming to the declared grade, size and ingredient specification; thermal-centre temperature at or below -18 °C after stabilization
How long or cycle	One declared production lot through release from the factory cold store; the on-site storage duration is reported
reference_flow_link	reference_frozen_peas

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg net frozen peas
Reference product flow	Peas, frozen 7ee41d34-76b1-42c5-8f39-c3cdae327118
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	pea species and declared variety or type; sized or unsized and declared size class; IQF or block-frozen presentation; ingredient and additive statement; applicable grade or quality specification; bulk or packaging format; net-mass basis; fresh-pea input state at receipt; production geography and period; freezing technology; product release temperature; on-site frozen-storage duration; foreground allocation method; cold-chain boundary

When constructing a foreground data package, every item listed in Required qualifiers shall be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference-flow comments, the product description, or an equivalent data-package field. Missing qualifiers make the reference flow incomplete.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	Reference frozen-pea output	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Normalize the foreground inventory to exactly 1 kg net frozen peas at factory cold-store release; exclude primary, secondary and tertiary packaging mass.
wet_mass_release_basis	Fresh, intermediate and final pea masses	Mass	kg	Use as-weighed wet mass at the recorded process point. Record tare correction, scale identity and measurement time; do not convert to dry matter unless a separately disclosed calculation is required.
water_volume_basis	Purchased and recirculated water	Volume	m3	Record net purchased water separately from internally recirculated water. Do not count recirculated water as a new technosphere input; disclose any density conversion used.
energy_carrier_separation	Electricity, fuel and purchased steam or heat	Energy or Mass	kWh, MJ, or kg	Preserve the metered carrier and unit. Convert only with a documented factor and do not combine electricity with thermal energy before inventory publication.
cold_chain_temperature	Freezer exit and cold storage	Temperature	°C	Measure product thermal-centre or validated representative package temperature after stabilization and maintain records demonstrating -18 °C or colder at release and during on-site storage.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Fresh peas received at the processing-site gate, with whether pods are present, harvest condition, supplier, origin, receipt mass, receipt time and temperature declared
starting_condition_role	Foreground entry condition for conversion of fresh peas into finished frozen peas
product_classification_scope	Quick-frozen whole peas of Pisum sativum L. represented by CPC 3.0 code 21312 as an exact classification reference
recursive_input_rule	Internally generated frozen-pea rework remains inside the same lot mass balance and is not a new product input. Externally purchased frozen peas are recorded as a separate technosphere input with their own upstream dataset and are not recursively remodelled as this foreground production route.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link upstream datasets for received fresh peas, inbound transport when included in the study, electricity, fuels or purchased heat, water supply, packaging materials, refrigerant make-up, and off-site waste or wastewater treatment
disclosure	Declare shelling responsibility, process technologies, included sanitation and utilities, start and end gates, storage duration, temperature history, exclusions, allocation choices, rework treatment and all linked upstream or downstream datasets

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_factory_gate	Foreground production	Include receipt and optional shelling, cleaning, sorting, washing, blanching, cooling, draining, quick freezing, inspection, packaging, on-site frozen storage, sanitation, direct releases, organic rejects, packaging waste and wastewater through factory cold-store release.	codex-cxs-320-2015; codex-cxc-8-1976; usda-frozen-peas-standard; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
boundary_upstream_links	Purchased inputs and off-site treatment	Keep purchased-input production and off-site treatment outside the foreground processes, but represent each material amount with a linked geographically and temporally appropriate upstream dataset.	eu-pef-2021-2279
boundary_cold_chain	On-site and downstream cold chain	Include on-site refrigeration through release. Outbound refrigerated transport, distribution and retail are downstream; when included in a lifecycle model, link separate cold-chain datasets and preserve temperature records.	codex-cxc-8-1976
boundary_foreground_completeness	Measured foreground flows	Record all measured material, water and energy inputs, product and waste outputs, wastewater, and direct refrigerant releases. Do not omit a foreground flow solely because its amount is small; disclose any unavailable measurement.	eu-pef-2021-2279; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
pea_receipt_preparation	Pea receipt and preparation	required	Always included; shelling is included when peas arrive in pods	Foreground material preparation	kg prepared peas leaving sorting and washing
blanching_cooling	Blanching, cooling and draining	required	Always included for product within this PCR	Foreground enzyme inactivation and conditioning	kg cooled blanched peas
quick_freezing	Quick freezing	required	Always included	Foreground freezing	kg frozen peas at freezer exit
packing_cold_storage	Inspection, packing and on-site cold storage	required	Always included; packaging material may be zero for declared unpackaged bulk transfer	Foreground finishing and storage	1 kg net frozen peas released from factory cold store

Process: Pea receipt and preparation (pea_receipt_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Fresh peas received (fresh_peas_input)

Record the as-received fresh pea mass crossing the site gate, including pods only when shelling occurs within the foreground boundary.

• Selected flow: Fresh green peas
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured accepted and rejected receipt mass attributable to the production lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen peas released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_lot_mass_quality
• Sources: codex-cxs-320-2015; usda-frozen-peas-standard
• Range: Provisional fresh-pea input screening estimate
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1.02
  • Upper: 1.30
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net frozen peas released; broad estimate to be replaced by reviewed yield evidence
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Preparation water (preparation_water)

Record net purchased water used for washing, fluming and preparation; meter recirculated water separately without counting it again as a purchased input.

• Selected flow: Process water
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered or invoice-reconciled net water supplied to preparation, allocated by process meter or documented engineering calculation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg raw peas processed
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_metering
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Frozen fruit-and-vegetable water-use screening range
  • Range role: Typical range (typical_range)
  • Lower: 5
  • Upper: 43
  • Unit: m3
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg raw fruit and vegetables; use only as a broad screening comparator, not a default value
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
  • Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Preparation electricity (preparation_electricity)

Record electricity for conveyors, shellers, sorters, washers and preparation equipment.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: submetered electricity or operating-hours multiplied by measured equipment demand
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg frozen peas produced
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_metering
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Preparation electricity screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 28
  • Unit: kWh
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg frozen vegetables produced
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
  • Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared peas (prepared_peas_output)

Record peas accepted after shelling, cleaning, sorting and washing as the intermediate product transferred to blanching.

• Selected flow: Prepared green peas
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass or fresh-pea input minus measured preparation rejects
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen peas released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_lot_mass_quality
• Sources: usda-frozen-peas-standard

Waste flows

Preparation rejects (preparation_rejects)

Record pods, stones, soil, foreign plant material and peas rejected during preparation by destination and regulatory status.

• Selected flow: Organic and field preparation residues
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured reject mass by destination; do not subtract saleable material without applying the allocation rules
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen peas released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_wastewater
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional preparation-reject screening estimate
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.01
  • Upper: 0.30
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net frozen peas released; broad estimate to be replaced by reviewed plant data
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Blanching, cooling and draining (blanching_cooling)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared peas entering blancher (prepared_peas_input)

Record the transferred prepared-pea mass without creating a second upstream burden.

• Selected flow: Prepared green peas
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: equal to prepared_peas_output after documented transfer losses
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen peas released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_lot_mass_quality
• Sources: usda-frozen-peas-standard

Blanching thermal energy (blanching_thermal_energy)

Record purchased steam, fuel or heat used to achieve the validated blanching schedule, keeping each carrier separate.

• Selected flow: Purchased steam, fuel or heat
• Flow property / unit: Energy or Mass / MJ, kWh, or kg
• Amount rule: metered carrier use or calculated use from boiler fuel and documented efficiency
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg cooled blanched peas
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_metering
• Sources: codex-cxc-8-1976; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional steam-equivalent screening estimate
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.02
  • Upper: 0.50
  • Unit: kg steam-equivalent
  • Basis: per 1 kg cooled blanched peas; broad technology-dependent estimate to be replaced by reviewed evidence
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Blanching and cooling electricity (blanching_electricity)

Record electricity for blancher drives, pumps, fans and process cooling assigned to this stage.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: submetered use or operating-hours multiplied by measured equipment demand
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg frozen peas produced
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_metering
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Blancher electricity screening range
  • Range role: Typical range (typical_range)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 30
  • Unit: kWh
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg frozen vegetables produced across cited blancher and cooling configurations
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
  • Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Cooled blanched peas (cooled_blanched_peas)

Record peas after the validated blanching schedule, cooling and draining, immediately before quick freezing.

• Selected flow: Cooled blanched peas
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass; reconcile with prepared-pea mass, removed solids and wastewater-associated product loss
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen peas released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_lot_mass_quality
• Sources: codex-cxs-320-2015; codex-cxc-8-1976

Waste flows

Blanching and cooling wastewater (blanching_wastewater)

Record discharged blanching and cooling water after internal reuse, together with treatment destination and available load indicators.

• Selected flow: Food-processing wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: measured discharge volume allocated to the lot; retain BOD, COD, suspended-solids, nitrogen and phosphorus analyses when available
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg frozen peas produced
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_wastewater
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional wastewater-volume screening estimate
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 43
  • Unit: m3
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg raw peas; bounded by the broad frozen fruit-and-vegetable water-use evidence and to be replaced by reviewed discharge data
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Quick freezing (quick_freezing)

Inputs

Product flows

Cooled peas entering freezer (cooled_peas_input)

Record the drained, cooled peas transferred to the quick-freezing equipment.

• Selected flow: Cooled blanched peas
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: equal to cooled_blanched_peas after documented transfer loss
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen peas released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_lot_mass_quality
• Sources: codex-cxc-8-1976

Freezing electricity (freezing_electricity)

Record electricity for the freezing system, fans, conveyors, pumps and assigned defrost operation, net of separately recorded cold-storage electricity.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: submetered electricity or allocated compressor-system electricity using documented operating data
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg frozen peas at freezer exit
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_metering
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Deep-freezing electricity screening range
  • Range role: Typical range (typical_range)
  • Lower: 80
  • Upper: 280
  • Unit: kWh
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg frozen vegetables produced
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
  • Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Refrigerant make-up (refrigerant_makeup)

Record refrigerant purchased or added to systems serving freezing and on-site cold storage, allocated using service records.

• Selected flow: Refrigerant, technology-specific
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: beginning inventory plus purchases minus ending inventory and documented recovery, allocated between freezing and storage
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen peas released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_inventory
• Sources: codex-cxc-8-1976
• Range: Provisional refrigerant make-up screening estimate
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.005
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net frozen peas released; deliberately broad estimate pending reviewed system-specific evidence
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Frozen peas at freezer exit (frozen_peas_bulk)

Record frozen peas only after the thermal-centre temperature reaches -18 °C or colder after stabilization.

• Selected flow: Peas, frozen 7ee41d34-76b1-42c5-8f39-c3cdae327118
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured net frozen-pea mass transferred to inspection and packing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen peas released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_lot_mass_quality
• Sources: codex-cxs-320-2015; codex-cxc-8-1976

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Refrigerant released to air (refrigerant_emission)

Record verified leakage by refrigerant species; do not report total make-up as an emission when recovery or inventory change is documented.

• Selected flow: Refrigerant emission to air, species-specific
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: refrigerant mass balance minus documented recovery and retained inventory, allocated to the production period
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen peas released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_inventory
• Sources: codex-cxc-8-1976
• Range: Provisional direct-emission screening estimate
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.005
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net frozen peas released; broad upper screen pending reviewed equipment evidence
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Inspection, packing and on-site cold storage (packing_cold_storage)

Inputs

Product flows

Frozen peas entering finishing (frozen_peas_bulk_input)

Record the transfer from quick freezing without adding another upstream product burden.

• Selected flow: Peas, frozen 7ee41d34-76b1-42c5-8f39-c3cdae327118
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: equal to frozen_peas_bulk after documented transfer losses
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen peas released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_lot_mass_quality
• Sources: codex-cxc-8-1976

Packaging materials (packaging_materials)

Record primary, secondary and tertiary packaging by material and mass, including bulk liners and pallets when attributable.

• Selected flow: Packaging materials, material-specific
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: purchase or bill-of-material mass adjusted for inventory change and allocated to packed net product
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen peas released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources: codex-cxc-8-1976; eu-pef-2021-2279
• Range: Provisional packaging-mass screening estimate
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.005
  • Upper: 0.20
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net frozen peas released; broad estimate covering bulk and retail formats pending reviewed packaging data
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Cold-storage electricity (cold_storage_electricity)

Record electricity attributable to on-site storage between freezer exit and factory release using volume, pallet-space, mass-time or direct submetering.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: submetered use or documented allocation from cold-store electricity, occupied volume and storage duration
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per m3 occupied cold-storage volume per year
• Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_temperature_storage
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; codex-cxc-8-1976
• Range: Frozen-vegetable storage electricity screening range
  • Range role: Typical range (typical_range)
  • Lower: 20
  • Upper: 65
  • Unit: kWh
  • Basis: per m3 occupied cold-storage volume per year
  • Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
  • Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
  • Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Reference frozen peas (reference_frozen_peas)

This is the packaged or declared bulk frozen-pea output that realizes the functional unit at factory cold-store release.

• Selected flow: Peas, frozen 7ee41d34-76b1-42c5-8f39-c3cdae327118
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: exactly 1 kg net product after normalization; packaging excluded
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg net frozen peas released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Sources: codex-cxs-320-2015; eu-pef-2021-2279

Waste flows

Packaging and final product rejects (packing_rejects)

Record damaged packaging, off-specification peas and spillages by material and destination; separately identify product rework returned within the system.

• Selected flow: Packaging and frozen-product rejects
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured reject mass minus documented internal rework
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net frozen peas released
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_wastewater
• Sources: codex-cxc-8-1976
• Range: Provisional finishing-reject screening estimate
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.05
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net frozen peas released; replace with reviewed lot data
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid	Shared processes and utilities	Avoid allocation by subdividing processes and using process meters, lot masses, operating time, occupied cold-store volume and storage duration. System expansion may be used only when the additional function and substituted system are demonstrated and reported.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_internal_rework	Peas reworked within the same production system	Treat internal rework as an internal transfer. Retain its mass in the lot balance and assign no avoided-product credit.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_residue_status	Pods, rejected peas and other organic residues	Classify residues as waste unless a stable intended product function and market are documented. If they are co-products, first apply a relevant quantifiable physical relationship; use another relationship such as economic value only when physical allocation is not defensible, and disclose prices, period and sensitivity.	eu-pef-2021-2279; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
allocation_waste_treatment	Waste and wastewater treatment	Assign on-site treatment directly where measured. Allocate shared treatment using a documented causal driver such as wastewater volume and pollutant load; link off-site treatment to the measured outgoing waste flow.	eu-pef-2021-2279; eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_lot_mass_quality	pea_receipt_preparation; blanching_cooling; quick_freezing; packing_cold_storage	Pea inputs, intermediates, final output and product quality	Scale tickets, batch records and laboratory or quality-control records	lot_id; timestamp; gross_mass; tare_mass; net_mass; process_point; supplier; pea_type; size_grade; reject_reason; blanch_schedule; freezer_exit_temperature; final_grade	Calibrated scales and documented sampling or release tests linked by lot	kg; °C; min	Each lot and each material transfer	Full declared production campaign; aggregate no less than one complete representative campaign	All foreground lines and storage locations represented by the dataset	Sum compatible net masses; retain lot traceability; calculate mass-weighted values per kg released product	Calibration records; tare checks; sampling plan; release authorization; outlier log
cp_water_metering	pea_receipt_preparation; blanching_cooling	Purchased, reused and discharged water	Meter logs, invoices and reuse-loop records	meter_id; opening_reading; closing_reading; timestamp; process_area; reuse_volume; downtime; production_mass	Calibrated meters reconciled to invoices; estimate only with documented engineering calculation	m3	Daily or per batch, reconciled monthly	Same period as production data	Site and process-area meters covering washing, blanching, cooling and sanitation	Net purchased water equals gross supply minus documented non-production uses; internal reuse reported separately	Meter calibration; invoice reconciliation; missing-data log
cp_energy_metering	pea_receipt_preparation; blanching_cooling; quick_freezing; packing_cold_storage	Electricity and thermal-energy carriers	Submeters, fuel invoices, boiler and equipment logs	carrier; meter_id; opening_reading; closing_reading; fuel_mass_or_volume; steam_mass; operating_hours; equipment_power; production_mass	Carrier-specific meter or invoice reconciliation; engineering calculation only where submetering is absent	kWh; MJ; kg; m3	Continuous or daily, reconciled monthly	Same period as production data and seasonal campaign	All processing, refrigeration, storage and shared utilities assigned to the declared site	Preserve carrier; subtract documented non-production use; allocate shared loads by causal driver	Meter calibration; invoice reconciliation; equipment run logs; conversion-factor source
cp_waste_wastewater	pea_receipt_preparation; blanching_cooling; packing_cold_storage	Solid residues, rejects, packaging waste and wastewater	Weighbridge tickets, waste manifests, discharge meters and laboratory results	waste_type; mass; volume; destination; regulatory_status; rework_mass; BOD; COD; TSS; nitrogen; phosphorus; sampling_time	Weighing and metering by stream; laboratory analysis under the site's applicable method	kg; m3; mg/L	Each shipment or continuous discharge with representative sampling	Same period as production data	All on-site waste and wastewater outlets	Sum by stream and destination; exclude documented internal rework from outgoing waste	Scale and meter checks; manifests; laboratory reports; chain of custody
cp_refrigerant_inventory	quick_freezing; packing_cold_storage	Refrigerant make-up, recovery and release	Refrigerant inventory, purchase, maintenance and recovery records	refrigerant_species; opening_inventory; purchases; additions; recovered_mass; closing_inventory; equipment_id; service_date	Annual or campaign mass balance by refrigerant species and equipment system	kg	Each service event; reconciled annually or per complete campaign	Same period as production data, including shutdown service	All refrigeration equipment serving freezing and on-site storage	Release equals opening plus purchases minus closing inventory and documented recovery, with unexplained imbalance disclosed	Certified service records; cylinder weights; inventory reconciliation
cp_packaging_records	packing_cold_storage	Packaging material inputs	Bills of materials, purchase and inventory records	packaging_format; material; unit_mass; units_used; opening_stock; purchases; closing_stock; packed_product_mass	Verified bill of materials reconciled to stock change	kg	Each packaging format; reconciled monthly	Same period as production data	All primary, secondary and attributable tertiary packaging	Material mass per kg net packed product; bulk unpackaged product reported as zero with evidence	Supplier specification; sample weigh checks; stock reconciliation
cp_temperature_storage	quick_freezing; packing_cold_storage	Freezer completion, cold-store temperature and storage electricity allocation	Product-probe readings, continuous logger data and warehouse records	lot_id; probe_id; location; timestamp; product_temperature; store_temperature; pallet_days; occupied_volume; electricity; alarms; corrective_action	Validated temperature probes and continuous cold-store monitoring linked to inventory movements	°C; day; m3; kWh	Each lot at freezer exit; continuous storage monitoring	Entire on-site storage period for included lots	Freezer exits and all cold rooms used by the dataset	Calculate mass- or volume-time-weighted storage demand; retain excursions separately	Probe calibration; logger completeness; alarm and corrective-action records

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_normalize_reference	All inventory amounts	normalized amount = period or lot amount / net kg conforming frozen peas released	Collected flow amount; reference_frozen_peas net mass	Amount per 1 kg reference flow	eu-pef-2021-2279
calc_pea_mass_balance	Pea material through all four processes	fresh pea input + external frozen-pea input = reference frozen peas + outgoing rejects + measured product losses + inventory change; internal transfers and rework cancel	Mass records from cp_lot_mass_quality and cp_waste_wastewater	Reconciled pea mass balance and unexplained difference	eu-pef-2021-2279
calc_net_water	Purchased and reused water	net technosphere water input = gross site supply - documented non-production use; internal reuse is reported but not added again	Meter and invoice fields from cp_water_metering	Net purchased water and reuse indicator	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
calc_refrigerant_release	Refrigeration systems	release = opening inventory + purchases - closing inventory - documented recovery; negative or unexplained values require investigation	Refrigerant fields from cp_refrigerant_inventory	Species-specific direct air emission	codex-cxc-8-1976
calc_storage_energy	On-site cold storage	allocated storage electricity = cold-store electricity × lot occupied-volume-time / total occupied-volume-time, unless direct submetering is available	kWh, occupied m3 and duration from cp_temperature_storage	kWh per kg reference flow	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity_traceability	Product and reference flow	Maintain lot-level linkage from received peas through finished frozen-pea release and retain the exact Tiangong reference-flow UUID, flow-property UUID and unit-group UUID.	Lot genealogy, batch records and dataset metadata
dq_temporal_coverage	Foreground activity data	Cover one complete representative production campaign for seasonal processing and all included on-site storage; disclose dates, downtime and any extrapolation. Prefer a consecutive 12-month period when the site operates year-round.	Production calendar, meter coverage and missing-data log
dq_measurement_quality	Mass, water, energy, temperature and refrigerant records	Use calibrated instruments or reconciled invoices. Record estimation method, conversion factors, missing-data treatment and uncertainty whenever direct measurement is unavailable.	Calibration certificates, invoices, reconciliation and calculation files
dq_completeness	Process inventory	Demonstrate reconciled pea mass, water and refrigerant balances; include all listed required processes and all measured direct releases, waste and wastewater streams. Quantify rather than silently discard unexplained differences.	Balance worksheets, waste manifests, discharge records and review sign-off
dq_representativeness	Published dataset	Report technological, geographical and time representativeness and precision for company-specific activity data, with the declared pea type, processing route, freezing technology, packaging and storage configuration.	Representativeness assessment and data-quality review record referencing eu-pef-2021-2279
dq_temperature_records	Quick freezing and storage	Retain validated records showing that freezing was completed at -18 °C or colder at the thermal centre after stabilization and that on-site cold-chain conditions were maintained.	Probe calibration, freezer-exit checks, continuous logger data and corrective actions

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	Reference flow	Fail validation unless the reference output is exactly 1 kg net Peas, frozen with product-flow UUID 7ee41d34-76b1-42c5-8f39-c3cdae327118, Mass UUID 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, unit-group UUID 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66, and unit kg.
validate_product_scope	Product identity	Fail validation when the product is not whole quick-frozen Pisum sativum peas or when excluded mixtures, seasonings or preservation routes are represented without a separate PCR decision.	codex-cxs-320-2015; usda-frozen-peas-standard
validate_required_qualifiers	Dataset metadata	Fail validation when any required qualifier is missing, including presentation, quality specification, fresh-pea receipt state, freezing technology, release temperature, storage duration and packaging format.	codex-cxs-320-2015; codex-cxc-8-1976
validate_process_coverage	Foreground boundary	Fail validation unless all four required processes and their linked mass, water, energy, waste, wastewater and direct-emission records are present, or a documented zero/not-applicable value is provided.	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
validate_blanching	Blanching process	Fail validation unless the blanching schedule and evidence of adequate enzyme-inactivation or equivalent declared quality outcome are retained.	codex-cxs-320-2015; codex-cxc-8-1976
validate_freezing_temperature	Freezer exit and cold storage	Fail validation unless the product reaches -18 °C or colder at its thermal centre after stabilization and on-site storage records demonstrate maintenance at -18 °C or colder, subject only to declared competent-authority tolerances.	codex-cxs-320-2015; codex-cxc-8-1976
validate_mass_balance	Pea inputs and outputs	Fail validation when the pea mass balance is absent or has an unexplained difference; the dataset shall disclose the balance result and disposition of rejects and rework.	eu-pef-2021-2279
validate_allocation	Shared utilities and co-products	Fail validation when allocation is used without documenting why subdivision or system expansion was not applied, the causal relationship selected, all factors and the treatment of organic residues.	eu-pef-2021-2279
validate_provisional_ranges	Reasoned estimates	Treat every reasoned_estimate range as a non-binding screening guardrail. Fail publication review if any such range is used as the reported foreground amount without accepted supporting evidence.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground production dataset for frozen peas at the factory cold-store gate
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Site-, technology- and product-specific LCI modelling of qualifying frozen peas; linking as the manufacturing-stage dataset in a broader food product lifecycle model; comparison only when functional unit, scope, geography, time, quality, packaging and cold-chain assumptions are aligned
excluded_use	Agricultural pea cultivation; fresh, canned, dried or otherwise preserved peas; mixed or seasoned products; consumer cooking; downstream distribution without separate cold-chain modelling; public comparative claims without the required review
required_metadata	Canonical PCR id and version; Tiangong flow identity; CPC reference; pea species/type and size; ingredient and grade specification; fresh-pea receipt state; production geography, facility and period; technologies; packaging format; net mass; freezer-exit and release temperatures; on-site storage duration; process coverage; upstream datasets; allocation and cut-off choices
required_quality_disclosure	Data source by row; measured versus calculated amounts; meter and scale coverage; mass, water and refrigerant balance results; missing-data and estimation methods; technological, geographical and temporal representativeness; precision; provisional reasoned ranges; exclusions; independent review status
update_trigger	Change in product specification, raw-pea state, process route, blanching schedule, freezing or refrigeration technology, refrigerant, packaging format, storage profile, allocation method, source evidence, reference UUID, or material foreground performance; otherwise review when the represented production period is no longer current

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
codex-cxs-320-2015	standard	FAO and WHO, CXS 320-2015, Standard for Quick-Frozen Vegetables, including Annex on Peas, official PDF: https://www.fao.org/input/download/standards/13928/CXS_320e_2015.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Product definition, covered pea characteristics, blanching, quick-freezing completion, -18 °C cold-chain condition, packaging and quality requirements
codex-cxc-8-1976	official_guidance	FAO and WHO, CXC 8-1976, Code of Practice for the Processing and Handling of Quick Frozen Foods, official Codex page: https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/codes-of-practice/en/ (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Process decomposition, blanching, quick freezing, packaging, temperature measurement, frozen storage, transport boundary and refrigerant management
usda-frozen-peas-standard	standard	USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, United States Standards for Grades of Frozen Peas, official PDF: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/Frozen_Peas_Standard%5B1%5D.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Pea product identity, shelling, washing, blanching, sorting, draining, freezing, preservation and quality attributes
eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019	official_guidance	European Commission Joint Research Centre, Best Available Techniques Reference Document for the Food, Drink and Milk Industries, JRC118627, 2019, official PDF: https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2020-01/JRC118627_FDM_Bref_2019_published.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Frozen-vegetable process structure; water, electricity and storage ranges; blanching technology; solid residues; wastewater and refrigerant-related inventory requirements
eu-pef-2021-2279	official_guidance	European Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279, Product Environmental Footprint Method, official PDF: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32021H2279 (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Functional unit and reference flow, lifecycle inventory, upstream linkage, foreground completeness, allocation hierarchy, data quality and verification