Pig fat, rendered

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR governs foreground data packages for fat and grease rendered from pigs, including lard when the declared raw-material restrictions for lard are met. It covers receipt and preparation of eligible pig tissues, rendering and separation, and any declared on-site conditioning, refining, storage, or packaging up to the factory gate. The product designation, intended use or grade, raw-material composition, rendering route, post-render treatment, physical state, and packaging state shall be declared.

The category does not cover unrendered pig fat; lard oil or lard stearin as separately marketed fractions; partly or wholly hydrogenated, inter-esterified, re-esterified, or elaidinised animal fats; fats from non-pig species; or downstream formulated foods and oleochemical products. A food-grade or CXS 211-1999 conformity claim is conditional and shall not be inferred from the CPC identity alone.

No category-wide energy demand, water demand, additive rate, emission factor, or rendering yield is prescribed. These values depend on the facility, raw material, process technology, product designation, and quality grade and shall be collected as foreground data.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.meat-fish-fruits-vegetables-oils-and-fats.pig-fat-rendered
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 21521, Pig fat, rendered (exact mapping context)
covered_products	Pig fat and grease obtained by rendering pig tissues; lard when its declared raw-material boundary meets the applicable product designation; refined rendered pig fat only when it remains rendered pig fat rather than a separately classified fraction or chemically modified fat
excluded_products	Unrendered pig fat; lard oil; lard stearin; hydrogenated, inter-esterified, re-esterified, or elaidinised animal fats; poultry fat; tallow; fish or marine-mammal oils; formulated foods and oleochemical derivatives
representative_product	Rendered pig fat supplied in bulk at the rendering facility gate
production_route	Receipt and preparation of eligible pig raw material, thermal rendering and phase separation, followed by declared conditional filtration, refining, cooling, storage, or packaging
market_state	Bulk or packaged rendered pig fat at the factory gate; product designation, intended use or grade, post-render treatment, physical state, and packaging state declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Rendered pig fat meeting the declared product designation and intended-use or grade specification
How much	1 kg net rendered pig fat
How well	Product designation, intended use or grade, raw-material composition, rendering route, post-render treatment, physical state, quality specification, and packaging state are declared and supported by batch records
How long or cycle	One production batch or an explicitly declared averaging period; no use-phase service duration
reference_flow_link	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.meat-fish-fruits-vegetables-oils-and-fats.pig-fat-rendered

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg net product at the declared factory gate
Reference product flow	Pig fat, rendered 940c22ad-d154-42ac-9988-374cbfeb86b4
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Unit group for Mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	product designation: lard or rendered pork fat; intended use or grade; pig raw-material tissue categories and fitness status; rendering route; post-render treatment including any refining or fractionation; physical state and reference temperature when relevant; quality specification and conformity claim; bulk or packaged state; factory-gate location; production batch or averaging period

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers shall be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	Reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report 1 kg net rendered pig fat, excluding packaging mass. State the weighing point, physical state, and reference temperature when these affect the mass determination.
mass_basis_consistency	Pig raw materials, intermediate fat, final product, co-products, and wastes	Mass	kg	Use measured net mass on a declared as-received basis. If dry-matter or composition-corrected values are also used, retain the original measured mass and document the conversion basis and result.
energy_accounting	Electricity, fuels, and purchased heat or steam	Energy or mass/volume with documented conversion	kWh, MJ, kg, or m3 as recorded	Record each carrier separately from meters, invoices, or operating logs; convert only with a documented factor and do not substitute a category-wide default.
composition_and_quality_basis	Product tests used for designation or grade	Declared analytical property	Method-specific unit	Record the sampled batch, method, result, unit, and conformity decision. CXS 211-1999 appendix characteristics are supplementary unless the declared specification or applicable rule makes them binding.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Eligible pig fatty tissues and, when allowed by the declared product designation, cleaned bones, detached skin, head skin, ears, tails, or other pig tissues arrive at the rendering facility; supplier, species, tissue categories, mass, fitness or grade status, and prior treatment are known
starting_condition_role	Foreground gate-to-gate starting condition for rendering; upstream pig production, slaughter, and supplier-side preparation are represented by linked upstream datasets
product_classification_scope	Rendered pig fat under CPC 3.0 subclass 21521, with lard and rendered pork fat distinguished by declared raw-material and product-designation facts
recursive_input_rule	Purchased rendered pig fat in the same category shall be recorded as a separate product input with quantity and upstream dataset; its prior production shall not be recreated inside this foreground system, and blending or reprocessing shall be disclosed
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link representative upstream datasets for pig raw materials, electricity, fuels or purchased heat, water, auxiliaries, packaging, transport when included, and off-site waste or wastewater treatment; disclose allocation inherited from slaughter or supplier datasets
disclosure	Declare facility and geography, technology and operating mode, batch or averaging period, raw-material tissue categories, intended use or grade, product designation, post-render treatment, co-products and wastes, allocation method, cut-offs, storage and packaging scope, and all data gaps

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_gate_to_gate	Foreground rendering system	Include receipt and preparation of eligible pig raw material, rendering and separation, directly attributable utilities and emissions, and any on-site conditioning required to deliver the declared factory-gate reference product. Link rather than recreate upstream production and downstream use.	unsd-cpc-3-0-explanatory-notes-2025; eu-pef-2021-2279
boundary_product_designation	Lard or rendered pork fat designation	For lard, enforce the declared CXS 211-1999 tissue restrictions. For rendered pork fat, disclose any permitted bones, skin, ears, tails, or other tissues. Do not infer one designation from the other.	codex-cxs-211-1999
boundary_scope_exclusions	Category boundary	Exclude unrendered pig fat, separately marketed lard oil or lard stearin, chemically modified animal fats, and non-pig fats. Route such outputs to the appropriate product or waste identity instead of the reference product.	unsd-cpc-3-0-explanatory-notes-2025; codex-cxs-211-1999
boundary_conditional_operations	Refining, conditioning, storage, and packaging	Include each operation only when performed within the declared facility gate and needed for the delivered product state; otherwise exclude it and state the transfer point. Clearly label post-render processing where the declared food specification requires it.	codex-cxs-211-1999; eu-pef-2021-2279
boundary_fdm_bat_scope	Environmental performance evidence	Do not use energy, water, or emission performance levels from the EU Food, Drink and Milk BAT conclusions as rendering defaults because that source explicitly excludes primary rendering and fat melting; use site records and applicable rendering-specific requirements instead.	eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
raw_material_receipt_preparation	Raw-material receipt and preparation	required	Always; individual cleaning, size-reduction, or dewatering steps are included only when performed	Establish eligible pig raw-material identity and measured feed to rendering	Per 1 kg final rendered pig fat
rendering_separation	Rendering and phase separation	required	Always; technology and operating mode shall be declared	Convert eligible pig material into rendered fat and separate co-products or wastes	Per 1 kg final rendered pig fat
conditioning_dispatch	Conditioning, refining, storage, and dispatch	conditional	Include only the operations performed before the declared factory gate	Deliver the declared grade, physical state, storage condition, and bulk or packaged state	Per 1 kg final rendered pig fat

Process: Raw-material receipt and preparation (raw_material_receipt_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Eligible pig raw material (pig_raw_material_input)

Pig tissues cross the foreground gate as the material from which the fat is rendered. The recorded tissue categories and fitness status shall support the declared product designation.

• Selected flow: Pig fatty tissues and declared eligible pig tissues or cleaned bones
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured net mass received and charged to the preparation or rendering batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg final rendered pig fat
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_product_mass
• Sources: codex-cxs-211-1999; unsd-cpc-3-0-explanatory-notes-2025

Preparation water (preparation_water_input)

Record water only when washing, cleaning, or another preparation operation occurs within the foreground gate.

• Selected flow: Water supplied to raw-material preparation
• Flow property / unit: Volume or Mass / m3 or kg
• Amount rule: Metered or otherwise reconciled water attributable to the batch or averaging period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg final rendered pig fat
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities_water
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Preparation electricity (preparation_electricity_input)

Record electricity used by receiving, conveying, grinding, pumping, or other preparation equipment when these operations are performed.

• Selected flow: Electricity supplied to raw-material receipt and preparation
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered use or documented allocation from a shared meter
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg final rendered pig fat
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared pig material (prepared_pig_material_output)

Prepared material is an internal intermediate transferred to rendering; its mass and stock change support the foreground mass balance.

• Selected flow: Prepared pig fat-bearing material
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured transferred mass or mass calculated from receipt, removal, and stock-change records
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg final rendered pig fat
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_product_mass
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Waste flows

Rejected or removed material (preparation_rejects_output)

Record foreign material, ineligible tissue, spoilage, or other removed matter under its actual waste or co-product identity and destination.

• Selected flow: Preparation rejects or removed material
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured mass by disposition route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg final rendered pig fat
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_waste_records
• Sources: codex-cxs-211-1999; eu-pef-2021-2279

Preparation wastewater (preparation_wastewater_output)

Record wastewater when preparation water becomes an effluent; link on-site or off-site treatment and retain measured discharge and monitored pollutant data where available.

• Selected flow: Wastewater from raw-material preparation
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered or reconciled discharge attributable to the process
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg final rendered pig fat
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_emission_effluent_records
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Elementary flows

Process: Rendering and phase separation (rendering_separation)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared pig material feed (prepared_pig_material_input)

Prepared pig material enters the rendering operation as the internal process feed.

• Selected flow: Prepared pig fat-bearing material
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Same transferred amount as prepared_pig_material_output, adjusted only for documented intermediate stock change
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg final rendered pig fat
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_product_mass
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Rendering thermal energy (rendering_thermal_energy_input)

Record each fuel or purchased heat or steam carrier separately. No default energy intensity applies.

• Selected flow: Fuel, purchased heat, or steam supplied to rendering
• Flow property / unit: Energy, Mass, or Volume / MJ, kWh, kg, or m3 as recorded
• Amount rule: Metered, invoiced, or batch-log quantity with documented conversion and shared-utility allocation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg final rendered pig fat
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Rendering electricity (rendering_electricity_input)

Record electricity for vessels, agitation, pumping, separation, controls, and directly attributable auxiliary systems.

• Selected flow: Electricity supplied to rendering and separation
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered use or documented allocation from a shared meter
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg final rendered pig fat
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Rendered pig fat intermediate (rendered_pig_fat_intermediate_output)

Record the mass of rendered pig fat leaving separation before any included conditioning or dispatch operations.

• Selected flow: Pig fat, rendered 940c22ad-d154-42ac-9988-374cbfeb86b4
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured net mass transferred from rendering and separation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg final rendered pig fat
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_product_mass
• Sources: codex-cxs-211-1999; unsd-cpc-3-0-explanatory-notes-2025

Separated co-products (rendering_coproducts_output)

Record separated solids, proteinaceous material, or other marketable outputs individually under their actual identity; do not label lard oil, lard stearin, or chemically modified fat as the reference product.

• Selected flow: Actual separated co-product identity
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured net mass by co-product and destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg final rendered pig fat
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_waste_records
• Sources: unsd-cpc-3-0-explanatory-notes-2025; eu-pef-2021-2279

Waste flows

Rendering residues and wastewater (rendering_waste_output)

Record non-marketable solids, sludges, condensate, and wastewater separately where records allow and link each treatment route.

• Selected flow: Rendering residue, sludge, condensate, or wastewater by actual identity
• Flow property / unit: Mass or Volume / kg or m3
• Amount rule: Measured quantity by waste type and treatment destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg final rendered pig fat
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_waste_records
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Elementary flows

Direct rendering emissions (rendering_direct_emissions_output)

Record direct releases from on-site combustion, vents, leaks, and wastewater discharge when they cross the environment boundary; use measured values or calculations from collected activity data and documented factors.

• Selected flow: Actual elementary flow to air, water, or soil
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg or method-specific unit
• Amount rule: Measured emission or calculated amount from foreground activity and documented factor
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg final rendered pig fat
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_emission_effluent_records
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Process: Conditioning, refining, storage, and dispatch (conditioning_dispatch)

Inputs

Product flows

Rendered fat for conditioning (rendered_pig_fat_conditioning_input)

Record the internal transfer only when conditioning, refining, storage, or packaging is included before the declared factory gate.

• Selected flow: Pig fat, rendered 940c22ad-d154-42ac-9988-374cbfeb86b4
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Same amount as the intermediate output, adjusted for documented intermediate stock change
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg final rendered pig fat
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_product_mass
• Sources: codex-cxs-211-1999

Conditioning utilities and auxiliaries (conditioning_inputs)

Record water, electricity, heat, filtration aids, approved additives, and packaging as separate flows when used; retain the applicable product specification and supplier dataset.

• Selected flow: Actual utility, auxiliary, additive, or packaging material
• Flow property / unit: Applicable property / recorded unit
• Amount rule: Metered, invoiced, formulation, or issue-record quantity by input
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg final rendered pig fat
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_packaging_records
• Sources: codex-cxs-211-1999; eu-pef-2021-2279

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Final rendered pig fat (final_rendered_pig_fat_output)

This is the reference product at the declared factory gate. The output record shall carry every required qualifier and the applicable batch disposition.

• Selected flow: Pig fat, rendered 940c22ad-d154-42ac-9988-374cbfeb86b4
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Fixed reference output of 1 kg after normalizing measured conforming product mass
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg net final rendered pig fat
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_product_mass
• Sources: codex-cxs-211-1999; unsd-cpc-3-0-explanatory-notes-2025

Conditioning co-products or fractions (conditioning_coproducts_output)

Record any separately marketed fraction under its actual product identity and classification; it is not additional reference product output.

• Selected flow: Actual co-product or fraction identity
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured net mass by product and destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg final rendered pig fat
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_waste_records
• Sources: unsd-cpc-3-0-explanatory-notes-2025; eu-pef-2021-2279

Waste flows

Conditioning and packaging waste (conditioning_waste_output)

Record spent filtration media, sludge, rejected product, wastewater, and packaging scrap by actual identity and treatment destination.

• Selected flow: Actual conditioning or packaging waste identity
• Flow property / unit: Mass or Volume / kg or m3
• Amount rule: Measured quantity by waste type and treatment destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg final rendered pig fat
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_waste_records
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Elementary flows

Direct conditioning emissions (conditioning_direct_emissions_output)

Record direct air, water, or soil releases only when they occur within the included operations.

• Selected flow: Actual elementary flow to air, water, or soil
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg or method-specific unit
• Amount rule: Measured emission or calculated amount from foreground activity and documented factor
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg final rendered pig fat
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_emission_effluent_records
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivision	Rendering, separation, conditioning, and shared utilities	First subdivide the process and directly assign measured inputs, outputs, emissions, and waste treatment to the output that causes them whenever technically feasible.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_residual_shared_flows	Residual multifunctional burdens after subdivision	If subdivision cannot resolve shared flows, allocate the residual shared burden among marketable outputs using economic allocation based on documented, contemporaneous net revenues at the same gate and averaging period. Report quantities, prices, currency, period, calculation, and sensitivity.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_waste_status	Outputs without a marketable product function	Treat an output as waste only when its legal and economic status and destination support that treatment; assign its handling and treatment burdens to the foreground system and do not give it a co-product credit without documented substitution or another governing method.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_upstream_inheritance	Pig raw material and other purchased inputs	Use the upstream burden and allocation already documented by the representative supplier dataset; do not reallocate the supplier process inside this gate-to-gate system. Disclose when the raw material has zero upstream burden and the rule that authorizes that choice.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_governing_method_override	Studies governed by a programme-specific method	When a declared study method such as PEF prescribes fixed allocation factors or another mandatory rule, apply that method and disclose the departure from the generic residual-flow rule above. Do not mix allocation systems without reconciliation.	eu-pef-2021-2279

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_product_mass	raw_material_receipt_preparation; rendering_separation; conditioning_dispatch	Raw material, internal intermediate, final product, and stock change	Weighbridge, scale, batch, tank-gauge, and inventory records	timestamp; batch_id; supplier; species; tissue_categories; fitness_or_grade_status; product_designation; gross_mass; tare_mass; net_mass; opening_stock; closing_stock; physical_state; reference_temperature; disposition	Calibrated weighing or tank gauging reconciled to batch and inventory records	kg	Each receipt, transfer, and dispatch; stock at each averaging-period boundary	Complete declared batch or representative continuous-production averaging period	All included lines and storage vessels at the declared facility	Sum net flows by batch or period; reconcile internal transfers and stock changes; normalize to conforming final output	Calibration records; batch genealogy; supplier documents; inventory reconciliation; operator sign-off
cp_energy_records	raw_material_receipt_preparation; rendering_separation; conditioning_dispatch	Electricity, fuels, purchased heat, and steam	Submeter, utility invoice, fuel issue, and operating-hour records	carrier; meter_id; opening_reading; closing_reading; invoice_quantity; unit; conversion_factor; conversion_source; equipment_or_process; operating_hours; allocation_driver	Direct metering preferred; otherwise reconcile invoices and allocate shared use with a documented causal driver	kWh, MJ, kg, or m3	Continuous or each batch; reconcile at least monthly	Same period as product mass records	All included energy-using equipment and directly attributable auxiliaries	Sum by carrier and process; subtract excluded uses; convert with documented factors; normalize to final output	Meter calibration; invoices; fuel specifications; allocation worksheet; reconciliation residual
cp_utilities_water	raw_material_receipt_preparation; conditioning_dispatch	Water withdrawal, supplied water, and wastewater	Water meters, invoices, tank records, and effluent meters	source; meter_id; opening_reading; closing_reading; quantity; unit; process; discharge_route; recycled_quantity	Meter or reconcile water balance for included operations	m3 or kg	Continuous or each batch; reconcile at least monthly	Same period as product mass records	Included water users and discharge points	Sum by source and destination; avoid double counting recycled water; normalize to final output	Meter calibration; invoice; water-balance reconciliation; discharge record
cp_coproduct_waste_records	raw_material_receipt_preparation; rendering_separation; conditioning_dispatch	Co-products, rejects, residues, sludges, and packaging waste	Scale tickets, batch records, sales records, waste manifests, and treatment receipts	flow_identity; legal_status; economic_status; mass_or_volume; unit; destination; price; currency; period; treatment_route; hazardous_status	Measure each output and retain evidence for product, co-product, or waste classification	kg or m3	Each batch or shipment	Complete declared batch or averaging period	All included output and waste dispatch points	Sum separately by identity and destination; normalize to final output; preserve values used for allocation	Scale calibration; invoices; manifests; treatment certificates; classification rationale
cp_emission_effluent_records	rendering_separation; conditioning_dispatch	Direct emissions and effluent pollutants	Continuous monitoring, sampling, laboratory reports, fuel records, and permit calculations	flow_name; compartment; source_point; measured_concentration; flow_rate; duration; activity_data; factor; factor_source; result; unit; sampling_method; detection_limit	Prefer direct monitoring; otherwise calculate from collected activity using a documented applicable factor	kg or method-specific unit	As required by permit and operating variability; align with production period	Representative of the declared technology and production period	All included direct release points	Integrate measured load or calculate activity times factor; normalize to final output; retain non-detect treatment	Instrument calibration; accredited laboratory report; permit report; calculation sheet; factor reference
cp_conditioning_packaging_records	conditioning_dispatch	Refining inputs, additives, filtration aids, packaging, storage, and dispatch	Formula, batch issue, packaging, warehouse, and dispatch records	material_identity; specification; supplier; quantity; unit; batch_id; operation; storage_duration; storage_condition; package_type; package_mass; dispatch_mass	Collect actual material issues and dispatch records for operations inside the declared gate	Applicable recorded unit	Each batch or dispatch	Complete declared batch or averaging period	Included conditioning, storage, and packaging operations	Sum by material and operation; reconcile packaging and dispatch mass; normalize to final output	Supplier specification; formulation approval; issue record; warehouse log; dispatch record
cp_quality_designation_records	raw_material_receipt_preparation; conditioning_dispatch	Product designation, intended use or grade, labelling, and conformity	Supplier declarations, batch specifications, sampling plans, laboratory results, labels, and release decisions	designation; intended_use_or_grade; raw_material_eligibility; test_method; sample_id; result; unit; specification_limit; conformity_decision; label_claim; reviewer	Verify each declared designation and claim against the applicable specification and batch evidence	Method-specific	Each batch or according to a justified sampling plan	Same production period as inventory data	All product included in the data package	Keep batch-level results; aggregate only with traceability and no masking of nonconforming lots	Approved specification; chain of custody; laboratory competence; release authorization; label copy

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_normalized_flow	Every quantified foreground flow	normalized amount = attributable flow quantity / net conforming final rendered pig fat output	Collected flow quantity; net final product mass	Flow amount per 1 kg reference product	eu-pef-2021-2279
calc_internal_transfer	Prepared material and rendered-fat intermediate	transferred amount = measured transfer + opening stock - closing stock for the corresponding intermediate and period; use the same corrected amount on the sending and receiving processes	Transfer measurements; opening and closing stock	Reconciled internal intermediate amount	eu-pef-2021-2279
calc_energy_conversion	Fuel, steam, and purchased heat records	converted energy = recorded carrier quantity × documented carrier-specific conversion factor; retain original quantity, factor, source, and converted result	Carrier quantity; conversion factor	Energy by carrier and process	eu-pef-2021-2279
calc_mass_balance	Complete foreground system	mass balance residual = total mass inputs + opening stock - total product, co-product, waste, measured emission outputs - closing stock; investigate and disclose the residual rather than forcing it to zero	All mass flows and stock changes on a consistent basis	Mass-balance residual and reconciliation statement	eu-pef-2021-2279
calc_economic_allocation	Residual shared burden after subdivision	allocation factor_i = net revenue_i / sum of net revenues for all marketable outputs at the same gate and period; allocated burden_i = shared burden × allocation factor_i	Output quantities; contemporaneous net prices; shared burden	Allocation factors and allocated residual burdens	eu-pef-2021-2279

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity_traceability	Raw material and final product	Trace each included batch from pig species and tissue categories through product designation, intended use or grade, post-render treatment, and dispatch.	Batch genealogy, supplier declaration, specification, release and dispatch records; codex-cxs-211-1999
dq_measurement	Mass, energy, water, emissions, and quality tests	Use calibrated instruments or reconciled records; retain original readings, units, conversions, sampling methods, detection limits, and verification status.	Calibration certificates, invoices, logs, laboratory reports, and reconciliation worksheets; eu-pef-2021-2279
dq_temporal_coverage	All foreground data	Use one complete batch or a period representative of normal operation; include start/end stocks, shutdowns, cleaning, rework, and abnormal events or disclose exclusions.	Timestamped records, production calendar, event log, and stock reconciliation
dq_completeness	Foreground process inventory	Include all known material, energy, water, product, co-product, waste, and direct elementary flows for included processes; identify and justify any cut-off or unavailable record.	Completed flow checklist, mass and utility balances, cut-off register; eu-pef-2021-2279
dq_representativeness	Dataset metadata and linked background datasets	Document technology, geography, time period, precision, supplier coverage, and why each background dataset represents the actual input or treatment route.	Data-quality assessment and dataset-selection record; eu-pef-2021-2279
dq_no_generic_performance_values	Energy, water, yield, and emissions	Do not fill missing foreground values with values from the EU FDM BAT source or uncited category defaults. Mark the gap and replace it with site records or applicable rendering-specific evidence before review.	Data-gap register, source applicability review, replacement record; eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031
dq_conditional_codex_claim	Food-grade or CXS 211-1999 claims	Verify the applicable lard or rendered pork fat definition, composition and quality provisions, additives, contaminants, hygiene, labelling, and analysis requirements. Treat appendix factors as supplementary unless adopted by the declared specification.	Specification crosswalk, test reports, label, release decision; codex-cxs-211-1999

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	Reference flow	The reference product UUID shall be 940c22ad-d154-42ac-9988-374cbfeb86b4, the reference property UUID shall be 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, the unit-group UUID shall be 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66, and the reference unit shall be kg.
validate_required_qualifiers	Dataset identity	Fail completeness when any required qualifier is absent, including product designation, intended use or grade, raw-material tissue categories, rendering route, post-render treatment, physical state, quality specification, packaging state, factory gate, or batch/period.	codex-cxs-211-1999; unsd-cpc-3-0-explanatory-notes-2025
validate_category_scope	Product and co-product identities	Reject unrendered pig fat, lard oil, lard stearin, chemically modified fats, and non-pig fats as the reference product; record them under their actual identity when present.	unsd-cpc-3-0-explanatory-notes-2025
validate_process_coverage	Process map	Require raw-material receipt/preparation and rendering/separation; require conditioning/dispatch only when performed before the declared gate, with included and excluded operations disclosed.	eu-pef-2021-2279
validate_foreground_amounts	Material, energy, water, auxiliaries, products, wastes, and emissions	Require measured or calculated-from-collection amounts, collection protocol links, period alignment, and normalization to 1 kg final product. Reject uncited default energy, water, emission, or yield values.	eu-pef-2021-2279
validate_mass_balance	Complete foreground system	Require a documented mass balance including stock changes, co-products, wastes, wastewater, and measured mass emissions; investigate and disclose material residuals.	eu-pef-2021-2279
validate_allocation	Multifunctional processes	Require evidence of subdivision first and complete documentation of any residual allocation, output status, quantities, prices, period, and governing method.	eu-pef-2021-2279
validate_codex_claim	Food-grade or CXS 211-1999 conformity claim	When such a claim is made, require a designation-specific crosswalk and batch evidence; do not treat CPC 21521 identity or supplementary appendix values alone as proof of conformity.	codex-cxs-211-1999
validate_source_applicability	External evidence	Require each source to support the rule for which it is cited. Record that EU FDM BAT excludes primary rendering and fat melting and therefore supplies no rendering performance default.	eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground gate-to-gate production dataset for rendered pig fat
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	LCA of rendered pig fat and downstream products when product designation, grade, geography, technology, allocation, gate, and data quality match the study
excluded_use	Unrendered pig fat, separate lard oil or stearin, chemically modified fat, non-pig fat, undisclosed mixtures, or claims of food/Codex conformity without supporting evidence
required_metadata	Canonical PCR id; reference UUIDs; CPC mapping context; facility geography; technology and operating mode; product designation; intended use or grade; raw-material tissue categories; rendering route; post-render treatment; physical and packaging state; batch or averaging period; foreground gate; co-products and wastes; allocation method; linked upstream datasets; cut-offs and data gaps
required_quality_disclosure	Measurement and calibration basis; mass and utility reconciliation; temporal, technological, and geographical representativeness; completeness; uncertainty and mass-balance residual; source applicability; laboratory and conformity evidence where claimed
update_trigger	Change in raw-material eligibility, product designation or grade, technology, facility or geography, energy system, refining or packaging scope, co-product status or prices, allocation rule, applicable legal or Codex requirement, reference UUID, or availability of better rendering-specific evidence

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-3-0-explanatory-notes-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification (CPC) Version 3.0 Explanatory Notes, subclass 21521, 2025. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-12)	Category inclusion of rendered pig fat and lard; exclusion of unrendered pig fat, lard oil, and lard stearin
codex-cxs-211-1999	standard	Codex Alimentarius, Standard for Named Animal Fats, CXS 211-1999, amended 2024. https://workspace.fao.org/sites/codex/Standards/CXS%20211-1999/CXS_211e.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-12)	Lard and rendered pork fat definitions, eligible raw-material distinctions, conditional post-render processing and labelling, quality and conformity evidence
eu-pef-2021-2279	official_guidance	European Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279, Annex I, Product Environmental Footprint method. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/oj (retrieved 2026-08-12)	Functional unit, foreground company-specific data, inventory completeness, system-boundary disclosure, subdivision and residual allocation, data quality
eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031	official_guidance	Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/2031 establishing BAT conclusions for the food, drink and milk industries. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2019/2031/oj (retrieved 2026-08-12)	Applicability limitation: primary rendering and fat melting are excluded, so its performance levels are not used as rendering defaults