Hazelnuts, shelled

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers foreground production of raw hazelnut kernels obtained by removing shells from in-shell hazelnuts, from receipt of the in-shell material at the shelling facility through release of bulk or packed shelled kernels at the facility gate. It applies to whole and broken kernels sold as shelled hazelnuts when the incoming condition, kernel form, quality designation, size or calibre, moisture basis, route, and packaging state are declared.

Cultivation, harvest, operations completed before receipt, and inbound transport are represented by linked upstream datasets. Roasting, blanching, slicing, grinding, flavouring, chocolate or confectionery manufacture, retail, use, and end-of-life after the facility gate are outside the category. This PCR does not supply default LCI quantities from a commercial quality standard.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.meat-fish-fruits-vegetables-oils-and-fats.hazelnuts-shelled
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 subclass 21423, Hazelnuts, shelled (unsd-cpc-3-0-21423)
covered_products	Raw whole or broken hazelnut kernels marketed after shell removal, including bulk and packed kernels whose grade and condition are declared
excluded_products	In-shell hazelnuts; roasted, blanched, sliced, ground, flavoured, coated, or formulated hazelnut products; hazelnut oil and meal
representative_product	Raw shelled hazelnut kernels at the shelling or packing facility gate
production_route	Receipt and preparation of in-shell hazelnuts; shelling and kernel sorting; one declared final route followed by release or packing
market_state	Bulk or packed raw kernels, with kernel form, commercial type or variety where declared, origin, crop year or lot period, quality designation, size or calibre, moisture basis, final-treatment route, and packaging state reported

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Make shelled hazelnut kernels available at the facility gate for further food distribution or processing
How much	1 kg net mass of shelled hazelnut kernels, excluding packaging
How well	Conforming to the declared kernel form, commercial type or variety where declared, quality designation, size or calibre, moisture basis, defect-screening criteria, and packaging state
How long or cycle	One identified production lot or campaign through facility-gate release; no service life is assigned
reference_flow_link	Output row shelled_hazelnuts_reference of process final_conditioning_and_packing

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg net mass
Reference product flow	Hazelnuts, shelled 310457e0-388d-4c3a-9090-b4bbc5288d05
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	raw kernel state; whole, broken, or declared mixture; commercial type or variety where declared; origin; crop year or lot period; quality designation; size or calibre; moisture content and measurement basis; shell-fragment, foreign-matter, and defect-screening criteria; dry_route or wet_route; bulk or packaging specification

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_net_mass	Reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report net kernel mass after tare and packaging deduction at the facility-gate measurement point.
consistent_moisture_basis	Incoming nuts, intermediate kernels, outputs, and losses	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Record moisture content, sampling point, method, and wet- or dry-basis convention. Convert masses between moisture bases only with the recorded measurements and an explicit equation.
lot_mass_balance	Each foreground process	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Use calibrated scale records for input, product, co-product, and waste masses over the same lot or reconciled reporting period; disclose inventory change and moisture correction separately.
route_exclusivity	Final conditioning	Route declaration	dry_route or wet_route	Select exactly one final-treatment route per represented lot: dry_route has no intentional kernel washing, while wet_route includes intentional washing and the consequent drying step. Do not apply both routes to the same product mass.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	In-shell hazelnuts accepted at the shelling-facility gate, with origin, lot period, incoming moisture basis, storage condition, and any prior drying or treatment declared
starting_condition_role	Upstream product input to the foreground shelling system
product_classification_scope	Shelled hazelnut kernels corresponding semantically to CPC 3.0 subclass 21423; the classification reference does not own PCR identity
recursive_input_rule	Purchased shelled hazelnut kernels entering blending or packing are represented by a separate upstream shelled-hazelnut dataset and bypass receipt and shelling in this foreground system; their mass share and attributes are disclosed and are not regenerated through this process chain
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link cultivation, harvest, pre-receipt conditioning, and inbound transport datasets appropriate to the declared origin, crop period, incoming condition, and logistics
disclosure	Report facility location, reporting period, source regions, incoming condition, included on-site preparation, selected final route, packaging state, co-product destinations, waste treatment, and all exclusions

Boundary Rules

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
boundary_gate_to_gate	Foreground system	Include receipt, on-site preparation, shelling, separation, sorting, the one selected final route, release or packing, direct utilities, direct elementary releases, wastes, and co-products from acceptance through facility-gate output.	eu-pef-2021-2279
boundary_upstream_linkage	Upstream inputs	Represent in-shell hazelnuts, pre-receipt operations, inbound transport, energy, water, and packaging by traceable upstream datasets consistent with the declared geography, period, and technology.	eu-pef-2021-2279
boundary_route_choice	Final conditioning	Apply either dry_route or wet_route to a represented lot. Water-contact washing and consequential drying belong only to wet_route; never add them to dry_route.
boundary_direct_releases	Each foreground process	Record each measured, calculated, permitted, or otherwise reportable direct elementary release as an individual flow; do not use a generic unspecified emission as a substitute.	eu-pef-2021-2279

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
receipt_and_preparation	Receipt and preparation of in-shell hazelnuts	required	Always included; record only preparation actually performed after facility-gate acceptance	Establish the declared starting condition, remove extraneous material, and condition the in-shell feed where needed	Per 1 kg prepared in-shell hazelnuts transferred to shelling
shelling_and_sorting	Shelling, separation, and kernel sorting	required	Always included	Remove shells, separate kernel fractions, and classify each shell or kernel fraction once as product or waste	Per 1 kg sorted kernel intermediate transferred to final conditioning
final_conditioning_and_packing	Final conditioning, release, and packing	required	Always included; exactly one of dry_route or wet_route applies to each represented lot	Apply the declared route, verify release attributes, and produce bulk or packed reference product	Per 1 kg net shelled hazelnut reference product

Process: Receipt and preparation of in-shell hazelnuts (receipt_and_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Incoming in-shell hazelnuts (in_shell_hazelnuts_input)

The accepted lot crossing the facility gate is recorded separately by origin, lot period, incoming moisture basis, and prior treatment.

• Selected flow: In-shell hazelnuts; resolve a Tiangong product-flow UUID in the produced dataset
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured net mass accepted into the represented lot or reconciled campaign
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net shelled hazelnut reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_receipt_mass_and_identity
• Sources:
• Range: Temporary conditional material-input screen; use only when a receipt record is unavailable and replace when the first verified lot mass or reviewed quantitative source is available
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 5
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net shelled hazelnut reference product; candidate-only fallback subject to replacement before reviewed release
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Electricity for receipt and preparation (receipt_electricity)

Metered or allocated electricity covers receiving, conveying, pre-cleaning, ventilation, and conditioning equipment actually operated in this process.

• Selected flow: Electricity supply appropriate to the facility; resolve the product flow in the produced dataset
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered use, or documented allocation from a facility meter to the represented equipment and period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg prepared in-shell hazelnuts transferred to shelling
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_receipt_utilities
• Sources:
• Range: Temporary conditional electricity screen; use only when metering or a documented allocation is unavailable and replace when such records or reviewed quantitative evidence become available
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.5
  • Unit: kWh
  • Basis: per 1 kg prepared in-shell hazelnuts; broad candidate-only screen, not an LCI default
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Thermal energy for on-site conditioning (receipt_conditioning_heat)

This input is recorded only when heating or drying occurs after facility-gate acceptance and before shelling; pre-receipt drying remains upstream.

• Selected flow: Site-specific heat or fuel supply; resolve each energy carrier separately in the produced dataset
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: Metered or purchase-record energy attributed to the on-site conditioning operation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg prepared in-shell hazelnuts transferred to shelling
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_receipt_utilities
• Sources:
• Range: Temporary conditional heat screen; applies only when on-site conditioning occurs and records are unavailable, and is replaced when the first verified energy record or reviewed quantitative source is available
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 20
  • Unit: MJ
  • Basis: per 1 kg prepared in-shell hazelnuts; broad candidate-only screen, not an LCI default
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

No default elementary-flow amount is prescribed. Record reportable releases separately under boundary_direct_releases.

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared in-shell hazelnuts (prepared_in_shell_hazelnuts)

The measured transfer to shelling preserves lot identity and reports any moisture correction separately.

• Selected flow: Prepared in-shell hazelnuts; internal product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured transfer mass to shelling_and_sorting
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg prepared in-shell hazelnuts transferred to shelling
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_receipt_mass_and_identity
• Sources:

Waste flows

Removed extraneous material and unusable in-shell fraction (receipt_removed_fraction)

Extraneous material and rejected incoming nuts leaving foreground control are recorded by actual destination and are not netted from utility records.

• Selected flow: Site-specific waste flow resolved by material and treatment route in the produced dataset
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured mass sent to each waste treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted in-shell hazelnuts
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_receipt_mass_and_identity
• Sources:
• Range: Temporary conditional mass-balance screen; use only when waste weighing is unavailable and replace when the first verified waste record or reviewed quantitative source is available
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg accepted in-shell hazelnuts; physically bounded candidate-only screen
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

No default elementary-flow amount is prescribed. Record reportable releases separately under boundary_direct_releases.

Process: Shelling, separation, and kernel sorting (shelling_and_sorting)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared in-shell hazelnuts transferred to shelling (prepared_in_shell_hazelnuts_input)

This internal product input equals the measured output of receipt_and_preparation after any disclosed inventory change.

• Selected flow: Prepared in-shell hazelnuts; internal product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Matched transfer mass from prepared_in_shell_hazelnuts
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg sorted kernel intermediate
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_shelling_mass_balance
• Sources:

Electricity for shelling and sorting (shelling_electricity)

Electricity covers shell cracking, separation, aspiration, conveying, inspection, and sorting equipment actually used.

• Selected flow: Electricity supply appropriate to the facility; resolve the product flow in the produced dataset
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered use, or documented allocation from a facility meter to the represented equipment and period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg sorted kernel intermediate
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_shelling_utilities
• Sources:
• Range: Temporary conditional electricity screen; use only when metering or documented allocation is unavailable and replace when records or reviewed quantitative evidence become available
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 2
  • Unit: kWh
  • Basis: per 1 kg sorted kernel intermediate; broad candidate-only screen, not an LCI default
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

No default elementary-flow amount is prescribed. Record reportable releases separately under boundary_direct_releases.

Outputs

Product flows

Sorted kernel intermediate (sorted_kernel_intermediate)

The kernel stream transferred to final conditioning is measured after shell and defect separation and before any final route-specific operation.

• Selected flow: Hazelnut kernel intermediate; internal product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured transfer mass to final_conditioning_and_packing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg sorted kernel intermediate
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_shelling_mass_balance
• Sources:

Marketed hazelnut shells (marketed_hazelnut_shells)

Record shells here only when they meet the documented destination's product acceptance criteria and leave as a co-product. The same shell mass must not also be reported as waste.

• Selected flow: Hazelnut shells as a site-specific co-product; resolve the product flow in the produced dataset
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured mass delivered for a documented beneficial use or sale
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg sorted kernel intermediate
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_shelling_mass_balance
• Sources:

Other usable kernel fractions (usable_kernel_fractions)

Record off-grade or broken kernels here only when transferred as a product with a documented use or customer; otherwise use the waste row below, never both.

• Selected flow: Site-specific usable hazelnut kernel fraction; resolve the product flow in the produced dataset
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured mass transferred as a product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg sorted kernel intermediate
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_shelling_mass_balance
• Sources:

Waste flows

Discarded shells (discarded_hazelnut_shells)

Shells sent to waste treatment are recorded here by destination. Shells reported as marketed_hazelnut_shells are excluded from this row.

• Selected flow: Hazelnut shell waste resolved by treatment route in the produced dataset
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured mass sent to each waste treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg prepared in-shell hazelnuts entering shelling
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_shelling_mass_balance
• Sources:
• Range: Temporary conditional mass-balance screen; use only when waste weighing is unavailable and replace when the first verified shell disposition record or reviewed quantitative source is available
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg prepared in-shell hazelnuts; physically bounded candidate-only screen
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Discarded kernel fractions and foreign matter (discarded_kernel_fraction)

Kernel fractions and foreign matter without a documented product destination are reported by treatment route and are not counted as co-products.

• Selected flow: Site-specific food-processing waste resolved by material and treatment route in the produced dataset
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured mass sent to each waste treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg prepared in-shell hazelnuts entering shelling
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_shelling_mass_balance
• Sources:
• Range: Temporary conditional mass-balance screen; use only when waste weighing is unavailable and replace when the first verified disposition record or reviewed quantitative source is available
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg prepared in-shell hazelnuts; physically bounded candidate-only screen
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

No default elementary-flow amount is prescribed. Record reportable releases separately under boundary_direct_releases.

Process: Final conditioning, release, and packing (final_conditioning_and_packing)

Inputs

Product flows

Sorted kernel intermediate transferred to final conditioning (sorted_kernel_input)

This internal product input equals the measured output sorted_kernel_intermediate after disclosed inventory change.

• Selected flow: Hazelnut kernel intermediate; internal product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Matched transfer mass from sorted_kernel_intermediate
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net shelled hazelnut reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_mass_and_release
• Sources:

Electricity for final conditioning and packing (final_electricity)

Electricity covers route-specific handling, final inspection, conveying, and packing equipment actually operated.

• Selected flow: Electricity supply appropriate to the facility; resolve the product flow in the produced dataset
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered use, or documented allocation from a facility meter to the represented equipment and period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net shelled hazelnut reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_utilities_and_route
• Sources:
• Range: Temporary conditional electricity screen; use only when metering or documented allocation is unavailable and replace when records or reviewed quantitative evidence become available
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 2
  • Unit: kWh
  • Basis: per 1 kg net shelled hazelnut reference product; broad candidate-only screen, not an LCI default
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Processing water for the wet route (wet_route_water)

Record water only for a declared wet_route; it is not present in the dry_route inventory.

• Selected flow: Process water appropriate to the facility; resolve the product flow in the produced dataset
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered or batch-record water entering intentional kernel washing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net shelled hazelnut reference product from wet_route
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_utilities_and_route
• Sources:
• Range: Temporary conditional water screen; applies only to wet_route when metering is unavailable and is replaced when the first verified batch record or reviewed quantitative source is available
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 20
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net shelled hazelnut reference product from wet_route; broad candidate-only screen, not an LCI default
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Thermal energy for wet-route drying (wet_route_drying_energy)

Record thermal energy only when washing is followed by drying in the declared wet_route; resolve each carrier separately.

• Selected flow: Site-specific heat or fuel supply; resolve each energy carrier in the produced dataset
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: Metered or purchase-record energy attributed to post-washing drying
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net shelled hazelnut reference product from wet_route
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_utilities_and_route
• Sources:
• Range: Temporary conditional heat screen; applies only to wet_route when energy records are unavailable and is replaced when the first verified record or reviewed quantitative source is available
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 20
  • Unit: MJ
  • Basis: per 1 kg net shelled hazelnut reference product from wet_route; broad candidate-only screen, not an LCI default
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Packaging materials (packaging_materials)

Packaging entering with the released product is recorded by material and component; the amount is zero only for a documented unpackaged bulk transfer.

• Selected flow: Each packaging material and component resolved separately in the produced dataset
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Purchase or bill-of-material mass reconciled to packed output, with reusable packaging identified separately
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net shelled hazelnut reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources:
• Range: Temporary conditional packaging screen; use only when a packaging bill is unavailable and replace when the first verified bill of materials or reviewed quantitative source is available
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.5
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net shelled hazelnut reference product; broad candidate-only screen covering bulk-to-packed states
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

No default elementary-flow amount is prescribed. Record reportable releases separately under boundary_direct_releases.

Outputs

Product flows

Shelled hazelnut reference product (shelled_hazelnuts_reference)

The reference output is released only after its required qualifiers and selected route are recorded.

• Selected flow: Hazelnuts, shelled 310457e0-388d-4c3a-9090-b4bbc5288d05
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg net product after normalization under calc_reference_normalization
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net shelled hazelnut reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Collection protocol:
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279
• Range: Exact normalized reference amount
  • Range role: Allowed range (allowed_range)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net shelled hazelnut reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Waste flows

Wet-route wastewater (wet_route_wastewater)

Record wastewater only for wet_route, net of separately measured water retained in product or evaporated; resolve each treatment destination separately.

• Selected flow: Wastewater to the documented treatment route in the produced dataset
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered discharge or calculated batch balance using collected water and retention records
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net shelled hazelnut reference product from wet_route
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_utilities_and_route
• Sources:
• Range: Temporary conditional wastewater screen; applies only to wet_route when discharge records are unavailable and is replaced when the first verified discharge or water-balance record is available
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 20
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net shelled hazelnut reference product from wet_route; broad candidate-only screen, not an LCI default
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Packaging preparation waste (packaging_preparation_waste)

Record damaged, trimmed, or rejected packaging by material and treatment route; use zero only when verified by the packaging record.

• Selected flow: Packaging waste resolved by material and treatment route in the produced dataset
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured waste or reconciled packaging input minus packed and returned components
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net shelled hazelnut reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources:
• Range: Temporary conditional packaging-waste screen; use only when waste records are unavailable and replace when the first verified packaging balance or reviewed quantitative source is available
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.5
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1 kg net shelled hazelnut reference product; broad candidate-only screen
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

No default elementary-flow amount is prescribed. Record reportable releases separately under boundary_direct_releases.

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
alloc_avoid_by_subdivision	Shared operations	First avoid allocation by separately metering or subdividing operations for different lots, routes, and product fractions where practicable.	eu-pef-2021-2279
alloc_shell_and_kernel_status	Shells and non-reference kernel fractions	Classify each physical fraction exactly once: as a product only with a documented product destination and acceptance, otherwise as waste to its treatment route. Do not report the same mass in both product and waste rows.	eu-pef-2021-2279
alloc_remaining_joint_inputs	Reference kernels and co-products after subdivision	If allocation remains necessary, use a documented physical relationship that reflects the underlying process relationship. Use economic allocation only when a defensible physical relationship is unavailable; align values to the reporting period, disclose the method and inputs, and test sensitivity.	eu-pef-2021-2279
alloc_no_unstated_credit	Waste treatment and beneficial use	Do not subtract an avoided-burden credit inside the foreground inventory unless the governing study method explicitly requires it; disclose any downstream substitution or recycling treatment separately.	eu-pef-2021-2279

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_receipt_mass_and_identity	receipt_and_preparation	Incoming, prepared, and removed material mass and identity	Scale ticket, intake record, moisture test, and disposition record	lot_id; origin; crop_or_lot_period; gross_mass; tare_mass; accepted_mass; prepared_mass; removed_mass; moisture_value; moisture_basis; prior_treatment; destination	Calibrated scales plus representative moisture sampling and lot reconciliation	kg; moisture unit as reported	Each lot; aggregate over the declared reporting period	All represented receipt lots	Each included facility	Sum compatible masses; keep moisture corrections and inventory changes separate; normalize only after reconciliation	Scale calibration; sampling method; lot trace; signed disposition record
cp_receipt_utilities	receipt_and_preparation	Electricity and conditional on-site heat	Meter, sub-meter, invoice, fuel receipt, and equipment log	period; meter_start; meter_end; purchased_quantity; carrier; equipment_hours; allocation_driver; conditioned_mass	Direct metering preferred; otherwise documented allocation to operated equipment and period	kWh by electricity; MJ by heat or fuel energy	Meter interval and each conditioning campaign	Same period as represented prepared output	Each included facility and energy carrier	Subtract documented non-process use; allocate residual by a disclosed causal driver; normalize to prepared mass	Meter identity; invoice; equipment log; allocation worksheet
cp_shelling_mass_balance	shelling_and_sorting	Prepared input, sorted kernels, shells, usable fractions, and discarded fractions	Batch scale and destination record	batch_id; prepared_input_mass; sorted_kernel_mass; marketed_shell_mass; discarded_shell_mass; usable_fraction_mass; discarded_kernel_mass; inventory_change; moisture_value; destination	Calibrated batch scales with fraction-specific destination reconciliation	kg	Each batch or lot	All represented shelling batches	Each included shelling line	Reconcile all outputs and inventory change to input on a consistent moisture basis; do not duplicate product and waste fractions	Scale calibration; batch sheet; destination acceptance; waste receipt; moisture record
cp_shelling_utilities	shelling_and_sorting	Electricity	Meter, sub-meter, invoice, and equipment log	period; meter_start; meter_end; electricity_quantity; equipment_hours; allocation_driver; sorted_kernel_mass	Direct metering preferred; otherwise documented allocation to shelling and sorting equipment	kWh	Meter interval and each production campaign	Same period as represented sorted-kernel output	Each included shelling line	Subtract documented non-process use and normalize to sorted kernel mass	Meter identity; invoice; equipment log; allocation worksheet
cp_final_mass_and_release	final_conditioning_and_packing	Kernel input, reference output, route, and release attributes	Batch scale, release test, and lot record	lot_id; sorted_kernel_input_mass; gross_output_mass; tare_mass; net_output_mass; route; kernel_form; commercial_type_or_variety; origin; crop_or_lot_period; quality_designation; size_or_calibre; moisture_value; moisture_basis; defect_criteria; packaging_state	Calibrated scales and documented release inspection or test	kg; attribute-specific units	Each released lot	All represented released lots	Each included final line	Calculate net output after tare; preserve lot attributes and route; aggregate only compatible product states	Scale calibration; release authorization; sampling and test method; lot trace
cp_final_utilities_and_route	final_conditioning_and_packing	Electricity, wet-route water and heat, and wastewater	Meter, sub-meter, invoice, batch record, and discharge record	period; lot_id; route; electricity_quantity; wash_water_quantity; heat_quantity; energy_carrier; wastewater_quantity; retained_water; allocation_driver; net_output_mass	Direct batch metering preferred; otherwise documented meter allocation and water balance	kWh; kg water; MJ; kg wastewater	Meter interval and each final-treatment batch	Same period as represented released output	Each included final line and utility	Assign washing water, drying heat, and wastewater only to wet_route; normalize to compatible route output	Meter identity; invoice; batch route record; water balance; discharge record; allocation worksheet
cp_packaging_records	final_conditioning_and_packing	Packaging input and preparation waste	Bill of materials, purchase record, pack count, and waste record	packaging_material; component_mass; units_used; reusable_status; packed_output_mass; waste_mass; returned_mass; bulk_transfer_flag	Reconcile packaging purchases or bill of materials to packed output, returns, and waste	kg	Each packaging specification and reporting period	Same period as represented packed output	Each included packing line	Sum by material; allocate shared components by pack count or measured mass; report documented bulk transfer separately	Supplier specification; bill of materials; purchase record; waste receipt; reconciliation worksheet

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	Reference product and all normalized rows	net reference mass = gross released mass - tare and included packaging mass; divide each reconciled inventory quantity by net reference mass in kg	gross_output_mass; tare_mass; included_packaging_mass; reconciled_inventory_quantity	kg net reference product and inventory amount per kg reference product	eu-pef-2021-2279
calc_moisture_conversion	Masses compared at different moisture contents	dry matter = wet mass × (1 - moisture fraction on wet basis); convert only from recorded measurements and retain the original values and equation	wet_mass; moisture_fraction; stated_basis	dry-matter-equivalent mass and disclosed conversion
calc_process_mass_balance	Each foreground process	reconciled input = products + co-products + wastes + net inventory change + separately quantified moisture loss or gain; investigate and disclose unresolved residuals rather than forcing closure	input masses; output masses; waste masses; inventory change; moisture measurements	process balance and unresolved residual	eu-pef-2021-2279
calc_utility_intensity	Each utility row	normalized utility = reconciled process utility divided by the compatible process output mass; keep carrier and route separate	metered_or_allocated_utility; compatible_output_mass; carrier; route	utility per process output or reference flow	eu-pef-2021-2279
calc_wet_route_water_balance	wet_route	wastewater = measured discharge when available; otherwise wash-water input - separately measured retained water - separately measured evaporation or other documented output	wash_water_quantity; measured_discharge; retained_water; evaporation_or_other_output	wet-route wastewater quantity with method flag

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity_and_traceability	All lots and reference flow	Preserve supplier or origin, crop year or lot period, incoming condition, commercial type or variety where declared, kernel form, release designation, and Tiangong reference UUID through the data package.	Lot trace, release record, and reference-flow metadata; product qualifiers informed by unsd-cpc-3-0-21423 and unece-ddp-04-2010
dq_measurement_consistency	Mass, moisture, utility, and route records	Use calibrated or verified instruments, retain raw readings and allocation worksheets, and compare masses only on a declared moisture basis and compatible route.	Calibration evidence, meter records, moisture method, and calculation worksheet
dq_temporal_and_site_coverage	Foreground data	Cover every included site and the declared representative lots or campaigns in the reporting period; disclose shutdowns, missing intervals, substitutions, and exclusions.	Site list, production calendar, completeness reconciliation, and gap log
dq_fraction_destination	Shells and non-reference kernel fractions	Retain evidence for product acceptance or waste treatment and reconcile each fraction once without product-waste duplication.	Customer acceptance, transfer record, waste receipt, and mass balance
dq_reasoned_estimate_replacement	Every reasoned_estimate interval	Use the interval only conditionally when the named record is unavailable. Replace it when the first verified foreground record or reviewed quantitative source becomes available and before advancing this PCR to reviewed methodology; if retained for a study, label it provisional and report sensitivity.	Estimate register, replacement review, supporting record or source, and sensitivity result
dq_pef_disclosure	Published dataset profile	Document boundary, allocation, data sources, data quality, limitations, and modelling choices needed to interpret downstream use.	Dataset documentation aligned with eu-pef-2021-2279

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
val_reference_identity	Reference flow	The output must use Hazelnuts, shelled UUID 310457e0-388d-4c3a-9090-b4bbc5288d05, Mass UUID 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, Units of mass UUID 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66, and kg, with every required qualifier populated.	unsd-cpc-3-0-21423; unece-ddp-04-2010
val_reference_amount	Reference flow	Net reference output after tare and packaging deduction must normalize to exactly 1 kg.	eu-pef-2021-2279
val_route_exclusivity	Final conditioning	Each represented lot must declare exactly one of dry_route or wet_route; washing water, wet-route drying energy, and wastewater must be absent from dry_route and linked only to wet_route.
val_process_completeness	Foreground system	All three required processes must be represented, and any excluded on-site operation must be stated with evidence that it did not occur.
val_mass_and_moisture_balance	Each foreground process	Inputs, products, co-products, wastes, inventory change, and quantified moisture change must be reconciled on a consistent basis; unresolved residuals must be disclosed.	eu-pef-2021-2279
val_fraction_exclusivity	Shells and other kernel fractions	A physical fraction must occur in either a product row or a waste row for its destination, never both.	eu-pef-2021-2279
val_estimate_status	Provisional ranges	Every reasoned_estimate must carry its condition and replacement trigger; validation is inconclusive for reviewed use until it is replaced by verified foreground or reviewed source evidence.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	secondary_dataset or background_dataset after review; candidate foreground package before review
downstream_use	Product-footprint, process, and lifecycle-model studies needing facility-gate shelled hazelnut production, subject to geographic, temporal, route, and quality representativeness checks
allowed_use	Use when the incoming condition, source region, technology, final route, kernel form, quality designation, moisture basis, co-product handling, and packaging state match or are transparently adjusted
excluded_use	Direct representation of cultivation, in-shell hazelnuts, roasted or otherwise further-processed hazelnut products, retail, consumption, or an undeclared mixture of dry and wet final routes
required_metadata	PCR id and status; Tiangong reference UUIDs; facility and geography; reporting period; source regions; crop or lot period; incoming condition; kernel and quality qualifiers; moisture method and basis; route; process coverage; co-product and waste destinations; allocation; packaging; data sources
required_quality_disclosure	Foreground versus upstream data shares; meter and scale coverage; allocation method; mass-balance residuals; missing records; provisional estimates and sensitivities; source age; technological, geographic, and temporal limitations
update_trigger	New verified foreground records; replacement of any reasoned_estimate; changed origin mix, crop period, incoming moisture, equipment, route, quality designation, packaging, co-product destination, allocation basis, regulation, official standard, or source; or a material validation finding

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-3-0-21423	Official guidance (official_guidance)	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification (CPC) Version 3.0, subclass 21423, “Hazelnuts, shelled”	Classification context and category identity only
unece-ddp-04-2010	Standard (standard)	United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, UNECE Standard DDP-04 concerning the marketing and commercial quality control of hazelnut kernels, 2010 edition, current adopted text	Kernel identity and quality or measurement qualifiers only; not LCI default amounts
eu-pef-2021-2279	Official guidance (official_guidance)	Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on the use of the Environmental Footprint methods, Annex I Product Environmental Footprint method	Functional-unit normalization, boundary linkage, allocation hierarchy, data quality, disclosure, and validation principles