Groundnut oil, crude

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to gate-to-gate production of crude groundnut oil (arachis oil or peanut oil) from received groundnuts. It covers receiving, cleaning, shelling when in-shell material is received, drying or conditioning, oil extraction by mechanical pressing and/or solvent extraction, crude-oil solids separation or clarification, on-site storage, and loadout at the producing mill gate.

The PCR excludes groundnut cultivation, off-site transport before mill receipt, edible-oil refining (including neutralization, bleaching, deodorization, and winterization), fractionation, hydrogenation, formulation, retail packaging, distribution, use, and end-of-life. Upstream groundnut and energy datasets may be linked but are not re-inventoried inside this foreground boundary. Refined groundnut oil and oils blended with other botanical sources are outside scope.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.meat-fish-fruits-vegetables-oils-and-fats.groundnut-oil-crude
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 21621, Groundnut oil, crude
covered_products	Unrefined oil derived from groundnuts (seeds of Arachis hypogaea L.), including arachis oil and peanut oil, leaving mechanical pressing, solvent extraction, or a declared combined route after physical clarification
excluded_products	Refined groundnut oil; virgin/cold-pressed retail oil represented as a finished consumer product; blended vegetable oils; extracted groundnut meal or press cake as the reference product; oils from other botanical sources
representative_product	Crude groundnut oil at the producing mill gate, before refining
production_route	Receiving and preparation followed by mechanical pressing, solvent extraction, or a declared combined route; then clarification, storage, and loadout
market_state	Bulk, unrefined crude oil at the producing plant gate; extraction route, intended grade, and moisture/solids condition declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provision of unrefined groundnut oil for subsequent refining or declared industrial use
How much	1 kg of net crude groundnut oil output
How well	Derived only from groundnuts; physically clarified as declared; not refined, blended, or diluted; route and intended grade declared
How long or cycle	One reporting-period production output at the mill gate; no service duration applies
reference_flow_link	Net qualifying crude-oil mass leaving the foreground production system after clarification and before refining

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Groundnut oil, crude 4becfdba-2a4c-4c6f-a503-75db987fdc16
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	botanical source (Arachis hypogaea L.); input state (in-shell or shelled); extraction route; mechanical press type and number of passes when applicable; solvent identity and recovery system when applicable; clarification method; intended food/non-food grade; geographic scope; reporting period; allocation method; co-product and residue fates

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	Reference crude groundnut oil output	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Determine net saleable crude-oil mass after clarification and before refining; subtract returns, off-spec diversions, and closing-inventory increases and add opening-inventory drawdown consistently.
material_mass_basis	Groundnuts, oil, cake/meal, shells, sludge, solvent, and wastes	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Record wet mass and the moisture or dry-matter basis used; do not mix wet and dry quantities in mass balance or allocation without an explicit conversion.
energy_conversion	Electricity, fuels, and purchased steam/heat	Energy property of the selected Tiangong flow	kWh or MJ	Retain the metered or invoice unit and convert only with a documented unit conversion; do not treat electricity and fuel energy as interchangeable flows.
solvent_mass_balance	Solvent-extraction route	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Reconcile solvent purchases/makeup, opening and closing stocks, recovered and reused solvent, solvent exported in products or waste, and releases over the same period.
conditioning_temperature	Heated conditioning before mechanical pressing	Temperature property of the selected measurement record	°C	Record actual time, temperature, and moisture. The FAO small-expeller description of 60–90 °C is a route-specific diagnostic benchmark, not a default value or conformance limit.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Groundnuts received at the mill gate, with in-shell/shelled state, origin, moisture, storage condition, and accepted/rejected mass declared
starting_condition_role	Upstream product input to foreground groundnut-oil production
product_classification_scope	Crude groundnut oil only; CPC 3.0 code 21621 is mapping context and does not broaden the semantic boundary
recursive_input_rule	Purchased crude groundnut oil that is blended, reworked, or otherwise enters the same product category shall be recorded as a separate upstream product input and shall not be recursively reconstructed inside this PCR boundary
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link representative upstream datasets for groundnut production, purchased electricity, fuels, heat/steam, water, solvent, packaging, and off-site waste treatment; disclose geography, technology, and temporal match
disclosure	Declare extraction route, feedstock state and moisture basis, included preparation steps, solvent recovery and emission-accounting method when relevant, internal recycling, co-product fates, allocation method, excluded operations, and any data gaps

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_received_to_crude_gate	All datasets	Include all foreground operations from mill receipt of groundnuts through qualifying crude-oil storage and loadout; exclude cultivation and refining while linking their datasets only when required by the study system.	codex-cxs-210-1999; fao-groundnut-postharvest-2002
boundary_route_specific_steps	Extraction route	Include shelling, conditioning, pressing passes, solvent extraction, desolventizing, meal drying/cooling, solvent recovery, and clarification only when performed; the route declaration shall control which conditional processes are active.	fao-rural-oilseed-quality-1995; fao-groundnut-postharvest-2002; us-epa-ap42-9-11-1-1995
boundary_internal_recycling	Recovered oil, solvent, water, and solids	Record internal loops once and report only net external inputs and releases, while retaining gross recovery data needed to verify the balance.	us-epa-ap42-9-11-1-1995
boundary_no_refining	Crude-oil product	Stop before alkali or physical refining, bleaching, deodorization, winterization, fractionation, or formulation.	us-epa-ap42-9-11-1-1995

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
p_receiving_preparation	Receiving and groundnut preparation	required	Always; shelling is conditional on in-shell receipt and heating is conditional on the declared route	Establish accepted oil-bearing feedstock and prepared material	kg prepared groundnuts
p_mechanical_extraction	Mechanical oil extraction	conditional	Include for hydraulic, expeller, ghani, or other pressing routes	Separate crude oil and press cake by pressure, with route-specific conditioning	kg crude oil from pressing
p_solvent_extraction	Solvent extraction and recovery	conditional	Include when solvent is used on prepared groundnuts or press cake	Extract oil, desolventize meal, and recover solvent	kg crude oil from solvent extraction
p_clarification_storage	Crude-oil clarification, storage, and loadout	required	Always; select settling, filtration, centrifugation, or another declared physical method	Produce the net qualifying crude-oil reference output	1 kg net crude groundnut oil

Process: Receiving and groundnut preparation (p_receiving_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Received groundnuts (received_groundnuts)

Record accepted groundnuts crossing the mill gate. Use the selected in-shell flow only for in-shell receipt; a shelled-input dataset shall select a Tiangong flow whose identity and market state match shelled groundnuts.

• Selected flow: Peanut, in shell, dried to safe moisture 19b26342-ff22-426f-bac3-74cd48cae179
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured accepted mass, separately recording rejected lots, foreign matter, and opening/closing stock changes
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared groundnuts output and later normalized to the reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_balance
• Sources: codex-cxs-210-1999; fao-rural-oilseed-quality-1995

Preparation utilities (preparation_utilities)

Record electricity, fuel, steam/heat, and water as separate site- and geography-specific product flows for cleaning, shelling, drying, milling, flaking, and conditioning.

• Selected flow: Select the applicable Tiangong utility flows for the site; no geography-independent utility UUID is prescribed
• Flow property / unit: Flow-specific energy, mass, or volume property / metered unit
• Amount rule: Metered use or reconciled invoice quantity attributable to preparation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared groundnuts output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Sources: fao-rural-oilseed-quality-1995; fao-groundnut-postharvest-2002

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared groundnuts (prepared_groundnuts)

Record the measured oil-bearing material transferred internally to pressing or solvent extraction. Treat it as an internal intermediate; no external Tiangong product-flow UUID is prescribed.

• Selected flow: Prepared groundnuts, route and moisture state declared (internal intermediate)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured transfer mass with moisture basis
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared groundnuts output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_balance
• Sources: fao-rural-oilseed-quality-1995; fao-groundnut-postharvest-2002

Valorized groundnut shells (shells_coproduct)

Record shells as a product output only when they have a documented recipient and beneficial use; otherwise use the waste row below.

• Selected flow: Select a Tiangong groundnut-shell product flow matching the documented use
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured dispatched mass, mutually exclusive with discarded-shell mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared groundnuts output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_balance
• Sources: fao-groundnut-postharvest-2002

Waste flows

Discarded shells and preparation rejects (preparation_rejects)

Record shells, stones, damaged kernels, dust collector solids, and rejected material sent to waste treatment, excluding quantities recorded as products.

• Selected flow: Select waste flows matching the physical material and treatment route
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed or reconciled dispatched waste mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg prepared groundnuts output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_emissions
• Sources: fao-rural-oilseed-quality-1995; fao-groundnut-postharvest-2002

Elementary flows

Process: Mechanical oil extraction (p_mechanical_extraction)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared groundnuts to press (press_feed)

Record the measured internal transfer to each press pass, avoiding double counting recirculated press cake.

• Selected flow: Prepared groundnuts, route and moisture state declared (internal intermediate)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net feed mass entering the pressing operation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg crude oil from pressing
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_balance
• Sources: fao-groundnut-postharvest-2002

Pressing utilities (pressing_utilities)

Record electricity, drive fuel, and direct heat or steam as separate site-specific flows.

• Selected flow: Select applicable Tiangong utility flows for the site
• Flow property / unit: Flow-specific energy or mass property / metered unit
• Amount rule: Metered or invoice-reconciled consumption attributable to pressing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg crude oil from pressing
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Sources: fao-groundnut-postharvest-2002

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Crude groundnut oil from pressing (pressed_crude_oil)

Record crude oil transferred to clarification before any refining operation.

• Selected flow: Groundnut oil, crude 4becfdba-2a4c-4c6f-a503-75db987fdc16
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured transfer mass, adjusted for internal oil recycle and stock change
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg crude oil from pressing
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_balance
• Sources: fao-groundnut-postharvest-2002

Groundnut press cake (groundnut_press_cake)

Record the solid mechanical-pressing co-product and its moisture, residual-oil condition, destination, and fitness for the declared use.

• Selected flow: Groundnut press cake 51d899e2-0ace-4f0b-8db9-b1ebf0533eac
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured dispatched or internally transferred mass, with inventory change
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg crude oil from pressing
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_balance
• Sources: fao-groundnut-postharvest-2002; fao-leap-animal-feeds-2016

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Particulate matter from pressing and handling (pressing_particulate)

Record measured or site-modelled particulate releases by the actual receiving compartment and control device.

• Selected flow: Select the Tiangong elementary flow matching particle size and receiving compartment
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Site measurement or documented site emission calculation; do not use an unrelated oilseed default as a groundnut measurement
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg crude oil from pressing
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_emissions
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-9-11-1-1995

Process: Solvent extraction and recovery (p_solvent_extraction)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared groundnuts or press cake to solvent extraction (solvent_feed)

Record the actual oil-bearing feed to the extractor, distinguishing prepared kernels from previously pressed cake.

• Selected flow: Prepared groundnuts or groundnut press cake, matching the declared route
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Net measured extractor feed, excluding internal recirculation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg crude oil from solvent extraction
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_balance
• Sources: fao-groundnut-postharvest-2002; us-epa-ap42-9-11-1-1995

Hexane makeup (hexane_makeup)

Record net purchased or externally supplied hexane entering the site balance; recovered internal hexane is not a second external input.

• Selected flow: Hexane 7e175110-5d8a-419e-8dee-2649554084e7
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Purchases plus opening stock minus closing stock, adjusted for transfers and documented solvent contained in products or wastes
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg crude oil from solvent extraction
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_solvent_balance
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-9-11-1-1995

Solvent-extraction utilities (solvent_utilities)

Record electricity, steam/heat, cooling water, and other utilities separately for extraction, distillation, stripping, desolventizing, drying, cooling, and solvent recovery.

• Selected flow: Select applicable Tiangong utility flows for the site
• Flow property / unit: Flow-specific property / metered unit
• Amount rule: Metered or invoice-reconciled quantity attributable to the solvent route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg crude oil from solvent extraction
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-9-11-1-1995

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Crude groundnut oil from solvent extraction (solvent_crude_oil)

Record desolventized crude oil transferred to clarification.

• Selected flow: Groundnut oil, crude 4becfdba-2a4c-4c6f-a503-75db987fdc16
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured transfer mass after solvent stripping, adjusted for recycle and stock change
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg crude oil from solvent extraction
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_balance
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-9-11-1-1995

Solvent-extracted groundnut meal (groundnut_meal)

Record desolventized meal as a product only when it has documented beneficial use and meets the applicable quality requirements. Select a verified Tiangong groundnut-meal flow; no current UUID is prescribed by this PCR.

• Selected flow: Solvent-extracted groundnut meal, feed or other destination declared
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured dispatched or internally transferred mass, with moisture and inventory change
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg crude oil from solvent extraction
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_balance
• Sources: fao-groundnut-postharvest-2002; fao-leap-animal-feeds-2016

Waste flows

Off-spec meal and solvent-bearing residues (solvent_route_waste)

Record waste meal, sludge, spent absorbent, and contaminated residues by physical identity and treatment route.

• Selected flow: Select Tiangong waste flows matching the material and treatment route
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed dispatched waste, including documented solvent content
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg crude oil from solvent extraction
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_emissions
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-9-11-1-1995

Elementary flows

Hexane released to air (hexane_to_air)

Record net hexane release using the reconciled site solvent balance and the actual receiving compartment. The UUID below is appropriate only for non-urban air or high-stack releases; select another Tiangong compartment when site conditions differ.

• Selected flow: Hexane, emissions to non-urban air or from high stacks fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a692-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculated net solvent loss to air after separately accounting for solvent in products, wastewater, and waste; replace with verified direct monitoring when available
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg crude oil from solvent extraction
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_solvent_balance
• Sources: us-epa-ap42-9-11-1-1995

Process: Crude-oil clarification, storage, and loadout (p_clarification_storage)

Inputs

Product flows

Unclarified crude groundnut oil (unclarified_crude_oil)

Record the internal crude-oil transfer from all active extraction routes without counting it as an additional external input.

• Selected flow: Groundnut oil, crude 4becfdba-2a4c-4c6f-a503-75db987fdc16
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured transfer mass from extraction to clarification
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net crude groundnut oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_balance
• Sources: fao-rural-oilseed-quality-1995; fao-groundnut-postharvest-2002

Clarification and storage utilities (clarification_utilities)

Record electricity, filter media, inert gas, and other consumed products separately when used.

• Selected flow: Select applicable Tiangong utility and consumable flows for the site
• Flow property / unit: Flow-specific property / metered or purchase unit
• Amount rule: Metered or purchase-reconciled quantity attributable to clarification, storage, and loadout
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net crude groundnut oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Sources: fao-groundnut-postharvest-2002

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Net crude groundnut oil reference output (reference_crude_oil)

Record saleable crude groundnut oil after physical clarification and before any refining step.

• Selected flow: Groundnut oil, crude 4becfdba-2a4c-4c6f-a503-75db987fdc16
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Exactly 1 kg after normalization from collected net qualifying output
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Not applicable (not_applicable)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg net crude groundnut oil at the mill gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_balance
• Sources: codex-cxs-210-1999

Waste flows

Clarification sludge and spent filter material (clarification_waste)

Record foots, sediment, spent filter media, and off-spec oil sent to treatment, with any recovered oil returned to the internal balance.

• Selected flow: Select Tiangong waste flows matching the material and treatment route
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed dispatched waste net of documented internal oil recovery
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net crude groundnut oil
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_emissions
• Sources: fao-groundnut-postharvest-2002

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid_by_subdivision	Oil, cake/meal, shells, and route-specific operations	First avoid allocation by subdividing the plant and assigning inputs, emissions, and post-separation operations directly to the product or production unit that causes them.	fao-leap-animal-feeds-2016
allocation_shared_burdens	Remaining shared burdens before product separation	When subdivision cannot resolve shared burdens, use economic allocation among crude oil and beneficial co-products using contemporaneous, documented prices; calculate factors over a representative period and ensure factors sum to one.	fao-leap-animal-feeds-2016
allocation_sensitivity	Material co-products	Report dry-mass and gross-energy allocation as sensitivity cases when data allow, and disclose how the selected method changes the crude-oil result.	fao-leap-animal-feeds-2016
allocation_waste_definition	Shells, rejects, sludge, and off-spec meal	Treat an output as a co-product only when a documented recipient and beneficial use exist. Waste without marketable function receives no co-product credit; its handling remains with the generating process.	fao-leap-animal-feeds-2016
allocation_data_disclosure	All allocated datasets	Disclose co-product wet and dry masses, moisture, prices and averaging period, energy-content data where used, allocation factors, excluded outputs, and sensitivity results.	fao-leap-animal-feeds-2016

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_balance	all active processes	Feedstock, intermediates, oil, cake/meal, shells, products, rejects, and stocks	Weighbridge, calibrated scale, tank-gauge, dispatch, and inventory records	timestamp; batch_id; material_id; route; gross_mass; tare_mass; net_mass; moisture; opening_stock; closing_stock; destination	Reconcile batch/shift records to monthly and annual totals; retain internal-transfer identifiers	kg; % moisture	Each batch or shift; stock at reporting-period boundaries	Complete representative reporting period, normally at least 12 consecutive months	All foreground lines and storage tanks producing the declared output	Sum external inputs/outputs; cancel matched internal transfers; adjust for stock change; normalize with calc_reference_normalization	Calibration certificates; signed weigh tickets; tank tables; stocktake reconciliation; rejected-lot records
cp_utilities	all active processes	Electricity, fuels, steam/heat, water, and consumables	Meter, submeter, invoice, purchase, and operating-hour records	meter_id; start_reading; end_reading; invoice_quantity; fuel_type; steam_condition; process_assignment; allocation_key	Prefer submeters; reconcile invoices to site totals and document any engineering allocation	kWh; MJ; kg; m3	Continuous/shift/monthly as available	Same period as product output	All included foreground equipment	Directly assign metered quantities; allocate only residual shared utility use with a documented driver	Meter calibration; invoices; fuel certificates; reconciliation variance
cp_solvent_balance	p_solvent_extraction	Hexane input, recovery, stock, product/waste content, and releases	Purchase, tank inventory, recovery meter, laboratory, wastewater, waste, and monitoring records	opening_stock; purchases; closing_stock; recovered_reused; product_residual; wastewater_loss; waste_loss; monitored_air_release; transfers	Perform one closed solvent balance over the reporting period and investigate unexplained imbalance	kg	Daily/shift records aggregated monthly and annually	Same period as solvent-route oil output	Entire solvent handling, extraction, recovery, storage, and vent system	Apply calc_hexane_balance; do not count recovered internal solvent as new external input	Tank calibration; purchase invoices; laboratory methods; monitoring reports; signed waste manifests
cp_waste_emissions	all active processes	Waste, wastewater, particulate, VOC, and other releases	Weigh tickets, manifests, discharge meters, stack/fugitive monitoring, and documented emission calculations	material_or_substance; quantity; compartment; particle_size; treatment; control_device; method; uncertainty	Record by physical identity and receiving compartment; retain calculation parameters and control status	kg; m3	Per dispatch or monitoring campaign; aggregate to reporting period	Representative of normal and abnormal operating conditions	All foreground emission points and waste routes	Sum measured values; use documented site calculations only for unmeasured periods	Laboratory accreditation; method reference; monitoring calibration; manifests; control-device logs
cp_route_quality	p_receiving_preparation; extraction processes	Feedstock condition, extraction route, oil/cake quality, and operating state	Receiving inspection, laboratory, batch sheet, and control-system records	botanical_identity; in_shell_or_shelled; moisture; mould_or_aflatoxin_control; press_type; press_passes; conditioning_time; conditioning_temperature; solvent_identity; meal_desolventized; oil_solids; intended_grade	Sample representative lots and record route settings for each campaign	%, °C, min, categorical	Each lot/campaign with periodic laboratory tests	Same period as inventory	All feedstock lots and active extraction routes	Report distribution and production-weighted average where meaningful; do not replace records with benchmark values	Sampling plan; laboratory method; certificates of analysis; control-system logs

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	All inventory rows	normalized amount = reporting-period net flow amount / reporting-period net qualifying crude-oil output	Reconciled external flow totals; opening/closing stocks; qualifying oil output	Amount per 1 kg crude groundnut oil
calc_material_balance	Each active process and whole foreground system	imbalance = total mass inputs - total mass outputs - documented releases - closing-stock increase + opening-stock increase; report absolute and percentage imbalance	Wet-mass records on consistent moisture basis; releases; stock changes	Mass-balance result and unexplained difference
calc_hexane_balance	Solvent route	net external hexane input = purchases + opening stock - closing stock - documented net transfers; reconcile this with air, wastewater, waste, and product/meal residual solvent	Solvent purchase, stock, recovery, product/waste content, and monitoring records	Net hexane input and compartment-specific releases per kg crude oil	us-epa-ap42-9-11-1-1995
calc_allocation_factors	Shared extraction burdens	factor_i = economic value_i / sum of economic values of all beneficial co-products; also calculate dry-mass and gross-energy sensitivity factors when data allow	Co-product quantities, moisture, prices, averaging period, gross energy	Allocation factors and sensitivity cases	fao-leap-animal-feeds-2016

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	Feedstock and reference product	Demonstrate groundnut botanical source and exclude refined or blended oil from the reference output.	Supplier/lot identity, route record, product specification, and reference-flow UUID; codex-cxs-210-1999
dq_temporal	Foreground inventory	Use one consistent representative period; disclose shutdowns, abnormal losses, campaigns, and missing months.	Production calendar, meter coverage, and gap log
dq_mass_balance	Material and solvent balances	Reconcile all major inputs, outputs, internal transfers, stocks, wastes, and releases; investigate unexplained imbalance rather than forcing closure.	calc_material_balance; calc_hexane_balance; signed reconciliation
dq_route	Mechanical and solvent routes	Activate only performed process modules and retain press passes, conditioning, solvent recovery, desolventizing, and control-device status.	Batch sheets, process diagram, and operating/control logs; fao-groundnut-postharvest-2002; us-epa-ap42-9-11-1-1995
dq_groundnut_quality	Incoming groundnuts and meal/cake destination	Retain moisture, mould/aflatoxin control, rejected-lot, and destination evidence; do not classify contaminated or unusable material as a beneficial co-product.	Sampling and laboratory records; fao-rural-oilseed-quality-1995
dq_uuid	Tiangong references	Verify every selected UUID against the intended flow type, reference property, market state, and receiving compartment before publication.	Tiangong identity readback and dataset review record

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_product_identity	Reference product	Fail if the output is refined, blended, from another botanical source, or lacks the crude-oil route/grade declaration.	codex-cxs-210-1999
validate_reference_flow	Quantitative reference	Require exactly 1 kg after normalization, product-flow UUID 4becfdba-2a4c-4c6f-a503-75db987fdc16, Mass property UUID 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, and Units of mass UUID 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66.
validate_boundary	Foreground system	Require mill receipt through physical clarification/storage/loadout, prohibit refining, and require upstream datasets rather than recursive reconstruction.	fao-groundnut-postharvest-2002; us-epa-ap42-9-11-1-1995
validate_route_inventory	Active processes	Require preparation and clarification; require mechanical and/or solvent module consistent with the declared route and all route-specific inputs, co-products, wastes, and releases.	fao-rural-oilseed-quality-1995; fao-groundnut-postharvest-2002; us-epa-ap42-9-11-1-1995
validate_material_balance	Each process and total system	Require a disclosed material-balance result on consistent wet/dry basis, stock changes, internal-transfer cancellation, and investigation of unexplained imbalance.
validate_solvent_route	Solvent extraction	If solvent is used, require solvent identity, recovery-system description, net external solvent input, stock-adjusted mass balance, product/waste residuals, and compartment-specific releases; otherwise mark the check skipped as not applicable.	us-epa-ap42-9-11-1-1995
validate_allocation	Co-products	Require subdivision before allocation, documented beneficial-use decisions, economic factors summing to one for remaining shared burdens, and dry-mass/gross-energy sensitivity where data allow.	fao-leap-animal-feeds-2016
validate_qualifiers_and_quality	Dataset metadata	Require all reference-flow qualifiers, temporal/site coverage, feedstock condition, co-product destinations, UUID review, and quality evidence.	fao-rural-oilseed-quality-1995

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground gate-to-gate production dataset for crude groundnut oil at the producing mill gate
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset after review and publication
allowed_use	Product carbon footprint and LCA models that need an explicit crude-groundnut-oil production stage; connection to representative upstream groundnut/utility datasets and downstream refining datasets
excluded_use	Direct representation of refined retail oil; comparative public claims without equivalent upstream, allocation, and quality scope; use of route-inapplicable solvent or pressing data
required_metadata	Geography; reporting period; plant technology; feedstock origin and in-shell/shelled state; route; oil grade; reference-flow qualifiers; upstream datasets; co-product fates; allocation; mass-balance and solvent-balance methods
required_quality_disclosure	Foreground coverage; meter and scale coverage; stock reconciliation; moisture basis; abnormal operations; missing data; UUID selection; emission method; allocation sensitivity; unresolved imbalance
update_trigger	Material change in feedstock state, extraction route, solvent/control system, clarification boundary, product grade, co-product destination, allocation method, technology, geography, or representative reporting period

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
codex-cxs-210-1999	standard	FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius, Standard for Named Vegetable Oils, CXS 210-1999 (official PDF: https://www.fao.org/input/download/standards/336/CXS_210e_2015.pdf; retrieved 2026-08-10)	Arachis/peanut/groundnut oil identity, botanical source, and distinction from downstream refining/product states
fao-rural-oilseed-quality-1995	official_guidance	FAO, Quality assurance for small-scale rural food industries, section 2.1.2 Oilseeds (https://www.fao.org/4/v5380e/V5380E07.HTM; retrieved 2026-08-10)	Receiving quality, mould/aflatoxin controls, de-husking, milling, heating, expelling, and crude-oil state
fao-groundnut-postharvest-2002	official_guidance	FAO INPhO, Groundnut: Post-harvest Operations (https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/inpho/docs/Post_Harvest_Compendium_-_Groundnut.pdf; retrieved 2026-08-10)	Groundnut-specific preparation, conditioning, pressing, filtration, solvent-route applicability, cake/meal co-product, and crude-oil uses
us-epa-ap42-9-11-1-1995	official_guidance	US EPA, AP-42, section 9.11.1, Vegetable Oil Processing, November 1995 (https://gaftp.epa.gov/ap42/ch09/s1101/final/c9s1101_nov1995.pdf; retrieved 2026-08-10)	Solvent extraction, desolventizing, crude-oil/meal separation, hexane recovery, storage/vent sources, particulate emissions, and solvent mass-balance method
fao-leap-animal-feeds-2016	official_guidance	FAO LEAP Partnership, Environmental performance of animal feeds supply chains: Guidelines for assessment, Version 1, 2016, ISBN 978-92-5-109499-0 (official record: https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/i6433e; retrieved 2026-08-10)	Multifunctional process subdivision, direct assignment, oilseed-crushing allocation, economic allocation, and dry-mass/gross-energy sensitivity