Cider, perry, mead and other fermented beverages, except wine of fresh grapes and beer made from malt · 8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_mass_balance	all	Feedstock, must, intermediate, and product mass	Scale, tank, density, batch, and dispatch records	batch_id; material_identity; route; timestamp; gross_mass; tare_mass; volume; temperature; density; opening_stock; closing_stock; transfer_loss	Calibrated scale or calibrated volume converted with matched density	kg	Each receipt, batch, transfer, and dispatch	Complete representative campaign	All foreground operations	Reconcile route-specific inputs, outputs, stock changes, emissions, and documented losses before normalization	Calibration certificates; tank charts; batch reconciliation; dispatch records
cp_energy_records	all	Electricity, steam, and each fuel	Meter, invoice, and equipment-allocation records	carrier_identity; meter_id; timestamp; quantity; unit; heating_value_basis; process_assignment; allocation_driver	Direct sub-metering preferred; otherwise documented allocation from facility meters	kWh; MJ	Continuous or invoice period	Complete representative campaign	Foreground facility and onsite treatment	Aggregate each carrier separately; no combined energy row	Meter calibration; invoices; allocation worksheet; completeness check
cp_water_records	all	Formulation, process, and cleaning water	Meter, batch, and cleaning-event records	meter_id; timestamp; volume; temperature; source; process_assignment; reuse_flag	Direct meter or validated event estimate	kg; m3	Continuous, batch, or each cleaning event	Complete representative campaign	All foreground operations	Sum by source and process; distinguish water incorporated into product, fresh intake, and reuse	Meter calibration; batch sheet; cleaning log; water balance
cp_additive_records	all	Yeast, nutrient, additive, processing aid, sugar, and carbon dioxide	Weighing, formulation, stock-issue, and gas-meter records	material_identity; supplier; active_fraction; batch_id; issued_mass; returned_mass; gas_quantity	Weighed issue-and-return balance or calibrated dosing record	kg	Each addition	Complete representative campaign	Foreground beverage operations	Aggregate each atomic material and route separately	Supplier specification; scale calibration; batch sheet; stock reconciliation
cp_cleaning_records	site_services_wastewater	Each cleaning or disinfectant chemical	CIP recipe, concentration, conductivity, stock, and event records	chemical_identity; formulation; active_fraction; event_id; process; solution_volume; concentration; recovered_quantity	Active-mass calculation from issued formulation and measured concentration or stock balance	kg	Each cleaning event	Complete representative campaign	Foreground cleaning systems	Aggregate each active chemical separately; retain reused solution and disposal records	Supplier specification; conductivity or titration record; stock reconciliation
cp_refrigerant_records	site_services_wastewater	Each refrigerant addition and loss	Asset register and service records	equipment_id; refrigerant_identity; opening_charge; added_mass; recovered_mass; closing_charge; service_date; process_assignment	Circuit-level inventory balance	kg	Each service and annual or campaign close	Period overlapping declared campaign	Refrigeration systems serving foreground processes	Calculate and report each refrigerant separately	Technician record; purchase receipt; asset register; reconciliation
cp_packaging_records	packaging_dispatch	Each packaging component	Bill of materials, count, unit-mass, issue, return, and reject records	component_identity; supplier; specification; unit_mass; issued_count; returned_count; reject_count; reusable_cycles	Count times verified unit mass or direct mass issue balance	kg	Each packaging run	Complete representative campaign	Packaging operations under foreground control	Aggregate each component separately; reconcile product fill and rejects	Supplier specification; sampled unit mass; line reconciliation
cp_waste_records	all	Each waste, residue, or co-product	Scale, collection, dry-matter, status, and destination records	waste_identity; wet_mass; dry_matter; batch_id; destination; market_status; specification; haulier	Calibrated scale or container count with verified net mass	kg	Each removal	Complete representative campaign	All foreground processes	Aggregate each identity and destination separately; do not net sales against inputs	Weigh ticket; manifest; analysis; destination evidence
cp_wastewater_records	all	Each source-process wastewater	Flow meter, tank, sewer, reuse, and treatment records	source_process; timestamp; volume; destination; sanitary_inclusion; product_loss; treatment_route	Metered flow or validated tank-volume balance	m3	Continuous or each discharge batch	Complete campaign including cleaning and peak production	Wastewater under foreground control	Preserve source stream before aggregation; reconcile influent, effluent, reuse, and transfer	Meter calibration; sewer invoice; tank log; water balance
cp_wastewater_monitoring	site_services_wastewater	Each wastewater pollutant	Matched flow and laboratory sample records	sample_id; interval; discharge_volume; cod; bod5; tss; total_nitrogen; total_phosphorus; method; detection_limit	Representative composite sampling and documented laboratory analysis	kg; mg/L; m3	Per permit and sufficient to represent production variability	Complete representative campaign	Direct discharge under foreground control	Pair each concentration with the same flow interval and calculate each pollutant separately	Chain of custody; method; laboratory QA/QC; flow-meter calibration
cp_direct_emission_records	all	Fermentation, combustion, and refrigerant releases	Sugar, off-gas, fuel, factor, and asset records	batch_id; sugar_before; sugar_after; offgas_mass; fuel_identity; fuel_quantity; factor_id; factor_value; refrigerant_identity; refrigerant_loss	Direct measurement preferred; otherwise documented stoichiometry, factor, or asset balance	kg	Each batch, fuel period, or refrigerant service	Complete representative campaign	Direct foreground emission sources	Calculate each emitted substance separately	Analytical record; invoice; factor provenance; calculation worksheet

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalisation	Every inventory exchange	normalized_amount = campaign_amount / net_saleable_reference_product_mass × 1,000 kg	Campaign exchange amount; net saleable product mass	Exchange per 1,000 kg reference product	eu-pef-2021
calc_volume_to_mass	Must, beverage, water, and liquid materials	mass = calibrated_volume × density measured or justified for the material and temperature	Volume; temperature; density	Material mass	eu-pef-2021
calc_active_chemical	Formulated additives and cleaning agents	active_material_mass = formulation_mass × verified active_mass_fraction	Formulation mass; active fraction	Atomic active-material mass	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
calc_fermentation_co2	Alcoholic fermentation	Use measured off-gas where reliable; otherwise CO2_mass = fermentable_hexose_equivalent_consumed × 88/180, adjusted for documented dissolved or recovered carbon dioxide	Sugar before and after; batch mass; measured off-gas; retained or recovered carbon dioxide	Biogenic carbon dioxide to air	iglesias-mead-2014
calc_refrigerant_loss	Each refrigeration circuit	loss = opening_charge + additions - recovered_mass - closing_charge; retain one calculation per refrigerant	Circuit-level refrigerant inventory	Refrigerant emission to air	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
calc_combustion_emissions	Each fuel and emitted substance	emission_mass = fuel_activity × documented fuel- and substance-specific emission_factor	Fuel quantity; heating-value basis; factor identity	Separate CO2, CH4, N2O, or NOx emission	eu-pef-2021
calc_wastewater_load	Each direct water-emission indicator	load_kg = matched_discharge_volume_m3 × concentration_mg_per_L / 1,000	Discharge volume; matched concentration	Separate COD, BOD5, TSS, total-N, or total-P load	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	Reference product and every exchange	Retain the product definition, raw-material route, atomic flow identity, material specification, packaging component, refrigerant identity, waste status, and destination.	Product standard; batch sheet; supplier specification; asset register; waste manifest
dq_temporal	Foreground data	Cover one complete representative production campaign including preparation, fermentation, maturation, packaging, cleaning, refrigeration, stock changes, and wastewater attributable to the product; disclose deviations.	Dated meter exports; production calendar; opening and closing inventories
dq_measurement	Mass, volume, energy, water, chemical, packaging, and pollutant records	Use calibrated instruments or documented engineering estimates; retain units, density, active fractions, heating values, detection limits, and allocation drivers.	Calibration certificate; laboratory QA/QC; calculation worksheet
dq_completeness	All included processes	Reconcile feedstocks, products, intermediates, product loss, utilities, additives, aids, packaging, each waste, wastewater destination, refrigerant, and direct emission; explain every missing or excluded flow.	Campaign balance; signed completeness review; ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-pef-2021
dq_representativeness	Foreground and linked upstream data	Characterize time, geography, technology, precision, completeness, consistency, source, and uncertainty; prioritize site-specific records for controlled processes and representative upstream datasets.	Data-quality assessment; dataset metadata; eu-pef-2021
dq_range_integrity	Any future quantitative range	Do not convert one plant, batch, scenario, or paper value into a range. Require at least two independent, boundary-compatible verified full texts before authoring an inferred empirical range.	Source comparison and range review record

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	Reference flow	Require the exact 1,000 kg mass basis and all product qualifiers; keep the product-flow UUID empty until one Tiangong flow is confirmed to cover the complete category.	un-cpc-3-2025; eu-cider-perry-market-standards-2023
validate_scope	Product identity	Confirm alcoholic fermentation is identity-forming and reject fresh-grape wine, malt beer, non-fermented beverages, vinegar, distilled spirits, and products that no longer retain fermented-beverage character.	un-cpc-3-2025; eu-cn-2206-2019
validate_route	Process map	Require exactly one applicable must-preparation route, alcoholic fermentation, and all actually performed finishing, conditioning, packaging, utility, cleaning, refrigeration, and wastewater operations; prohibit combined route-selector exchanges.	uk-welsh-cider-2015; uk-welsh-perry-2015; eu-czworniak-mead-2016; iglesias-mead-2014
validate_atomic_inventory	Inventory rows	Reject any selected flow that combines feedstocks, yeast and nutrients, electricity and heat, multiple fuels, multiple refrigerants, multiple chemicals, filtration aids, packaging components, wastes, wastewater indicators, or air emissions.	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-pef-2021
validate_mass_balance	Each process and campaign	Reconcile opening stocks plus inputs against outputs, closing stocks, fermentation carbon dioxide, moisture or density changes, measured waste, wastewater product loss, and documented losses before publication.	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-pef-2021
validate_wastewater	Wastewater and direct discharge	Require source-process volumes and destinations; reconcile onsite-treatment influent and effluent; calculate COD, BOD5, TSS, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus separately when monitored or required.	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
validate_packaging	Packaged product	Reconcile fill count and net product mass and require a separate mass for every container, closure, label, carton, and film actually used, plus separate reject wastes.	eu-pef-2021
validate_allocation	Shared operations and recovered outputs	Require documented subdivision attempts, causal drivers, residual allocation factors, output status, and sensitivity for any non-physical fallback; prohibit undisclosed avoided-product credits.	eu-pef-2021
validate_sources_and_quality	Foreground package	Require source ids for externally constrained rules, foreground records for controlled processes, documented proxies for unavailable upstream data, complete quality disclosure, and explicit unresolved range and UUID gaps.	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-pef-2021

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground production dataset for one declared fermented beverage in this product category at the producing-facility dispatch gate
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset after review and publication
allowed_use	Product and process LCA, supply-chain inventory, environmental-footprint studies, hotspot analysis, and scenario modelling consistent with the declared raw-material route, product standard, technology, geography, campaign, packaging, and facility-gate boundary
excluded_use	Fresh-grape wine, malt beer, non-fermented beverage, vinegar, distilled spirit, or undisclosed substitution between fruit, honey, and other sugar-material routes; consumer claims implying cradle-to-grave coverage from this facility-gate dataset alone
required_metadata	PCR id and version; product name and jurisdictional standard; fermentable raw material; actual alcohol content; residual-sugar or sweetness class; still or sparkling state; carbonation and heat-treatment routes; geography; campaign; bulk or packaged state; package bill of materials; reference mass; wastewater route; waste and co-product destinations; allocation method; upstream dataset identities
required_quality_disclosure	Primary-versus-secondary data share; measurement and conversion methods; calibration and laboratory evidence; temporal, geographical, and technological representativeness; completeness; uncertainty; allocation sensitivity; unresolved flow UUIDs; missing range evidence; exclusions and proxy datasets
update_trigger	Change in product identity or law, raw-material route or formulation, fermentation or finishing technology, energy system, refrigerant, cleaning regime, packaging configuration, wastewater route, recovered-output status, allocation method, production representativeness, or a material review finding

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025, code 24230: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv	Authoritative product-category title, inclusions, and exclusions; accessed 2026-08-23
eu-cider-perry-market-standards-2023	official_guidance	European Commission, COM(2023) 200 final, Report on new marketing standards for cider and perry: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52023DC0200	Official evidence that cider and perry definitions, fruit-juice content, water and sugar additions, and production rules vary by jurisdiction; supports required qualifiers rather than a universal recipe; accessed 2026-08-23
eu-cn-2206-2019	standard	European Union, Explanatory Notes to the Combined Nomenclature, heading 2206, 2019/C 219/04: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52019XC0701(02)	Independent official description of other fermented beverages and the requirement that a product retain fermented-beverage character; accessed 2026-08-23
uk-welsh-cider-2015	standard	UK Government, Traditional Welsh Cider Product Specification V2, 14 May 2015: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5fd36b18d3bf7f03a934080c/protected-food-name-welsh-cider.pdf	Verified full-text cider route: fruit receipt, washing, milling, pressing, yeast or spontaneous fermentation, sulfite and keeving aids, racking, still and secondary-fermentation package routes, and traceability; accessed 2026-08-23
uk-welsh-perry-2015	standard	UK Government, Traditional Welsh Perry Product Specification V2, 14 May 2015: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5fd36afd8fa8f54d60878a81/protected-food-name-welsh-perry.pdf	Verified full-text perry route: pear pressing, fermentation, yeast and permitted aids, racking, still and sparkling finishing, packaging, and traceability; accessed 2026-08-23
eu-czworniak-mead-2016	standard	European Union, Czwórniak traditional mead product specification, 2016/C 188/05: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52016XC0527(01)	Verified official mead route: honey, water, optional fruit or herbs, steam-heated must preparation, cooling, yeast pitching, fermentation, racking, maturation, filtration, and final adjustment; accessed 2026-08-23
iglesias-mead-2014	literature	Iglesias, A. et al. Developments in the Fermentation Process and Quality Improvement Strategies for Mead Production. Molecules 19(8), 12577-12590. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules190812577	Open full-text peer-reviewed support for honey-water must, yeast, nutrients, pasteurization, fermentation carbon dioxide, fermentation control, post-fermentation, and impurity removal
ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019	official_guidance	European Commission Joint Research Centre, Best Available Techniques Reference Document for the Food, Drink and Milk Industries, EUR 29978 EN, JRC118627, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2760/243911	Verified full-text process inventory, water and energy monitoring, cleaning and CIP chemicals, separate residues, refrigerants, wastewater characterization and treatment, sludge, direct emissions, and data-quality evidence
eu-pef-2021	official_guidance	Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on Environmental Footprint methods, consolidated text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/2021-12-30/eng	Functional unit, reference flow, system boundary, completeness, company-specific data, packaging, data quality, verification, and multi-functionality hierarchy; accessed 2026-08-23