Cider, perry, mead and other fermented beverages, except wine of fresh grapes and beer made from malt

Cider, perry, mead and other fermented beverages, except wine of fresh grapes and beer made from malt: This PCR governs foreground data packages for cider, perry, mead…

Lifecycle status: Candidate
Content maturity: Authored methodology
Current version: No published version
Readiness: Review required
Last updated: 2026-08-24

Methodology and translation states come from the source record; publishing this website does not change their review status.

Content languages

zh-CN · Aligned

Status, classification and source details

Readiness

Warnings methodology_not_reviewed Authored methodology is candidate guidance and still requires methodology review.

Classification mapping

CPC 3.0:24230 · exact

Source

library/pcrs/food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products/beverages/cider-perry-mead-and-other-fermented-beverages-except-wine-of-fresh-grapes-and-beer-mad-fd13b130sha256:a4d19872b14e…

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR governs foreground data packages for cider, perry, mead, and other beverages whose characteristic product is obtained by alcoholic fermentation, except wine of fresh grapes and beer made from malt. It covers facility-gate production from receipt of fruit, honey, another declared fermentable sugar material, or a disclosed same-category intermediate through must preparation, fermentation, route-specific finishing, optional conditioning or carbonation, and dispatch in bulk or in declared packaging.

The category includes apple cider, pear perry, honey mead, fermented beverages made from other fruits or declared sugar-bearing materials, and still or sparkling variants that retain the character of a fermented beverage. Fresh-grape wine, malt beer, non-fermented beverages, vinegar, distilled spirits, and beverages whose identity is primarily created by adding distilled alcohol rather than fermentation are excluded. A data package shall declare the product name, jurisdictional product standard, fermentable raw material, actual alcohol content, residual-sugar or sweetness class where applicable, still or sparkling state, carbonation route, heat-treatment route, bulk or packaged market state, and every production process actually used. Cider, perry, and mead specifications in the cited sources are route evidence, not universal composition thresholds for the full category.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.beverages.cider-perry-mead-and-other-fermented-beverages-except-wine-of-fresh-grapes-and-beer-mad-fd13b130
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 24230
covered_products	Cider; perry; mead; other beverages retaining their characteristic identity from alcoholic fermentation of fruit, honey, or another declared fermentable sugar material; still, naturally sparkling, or externally carbonated variants
excluded_products	Wine of fresh grapes; beer made from malt; non-fermented beverages; vinegar; distilled spirits; products whose identity no longer remains that of a fermented beverage
representative_product	One market-ready fermented beverage within this category at the producing-facility dispatch gate
production_route	Route-specific preparation of fruit must, honey must, or another sugar-material must; alcoholic fermentation; conditional clarification, filtration, maturation, stabilization, secondary fermentation, pasteurization, carbonation, bulk preparation, and packaging
market_state	Bulk liquid or packaged liquid; raw-material route, alcohol content, sweetness, carbonation state, heat-treatment state, packaging configuration, jurisdictional designation, geography, and production campaign declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provision of a market-ready fermented beverage in this product category at the producing-facility dispatch gate
How much	1,000 kg of net saleable reference product
How well	Conforms to the declared jurisdictional product, composition, alcohol, food-safety, quality, and labelling specifications while retaining fermented-beverage identity
How long or cycle	One completed batch or production campaign through dispatch-ready condition
reference_flow_link	Net saleable output after measured process and filling losses, before downstream distribution, retail, consumption, and end of life

Field	Value
Reference amount	1,000 kg
Reference product flow	Fermented beverage in this product category
Reference flow property	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`
Reference unit group	Units of mass `93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66`
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	product_name; fermentable_raw_material; jurisdictional_product_standard; actual_alcohol_content; residual_sugar_or_sweetness_class; still_or_sparkling; carbonation_route; heat_treatment_route; bulk_or_packaged; packaging_configuration_and_fill_quantity; geography; production_campaign; technology_route

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
`reference_mass`	Reference product and mass-normalised exchanges	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`	kg	Report exactly 1,000 kg net saleable reference product and normalise every exchange to this mass.
`liquid_mass_conversion`	Beverage, must, water, and liquid-material records measured by volume	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`	kg	Convert volume to mass using a material- and temperature-specific density record; retain raw volume, temperature, density, and calculation.
`packaging_mass`	Each packaging component	Mass	kg	Record placed-on-market mass for each component separately from component count and verified unit mass or a direct issue balance.
`energy_separation`	Electricity, steam, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and light fuel oil	Energy	kWh or MJ	Preserve each carrier as a separate exchange and document energy-unit conversion and lower- or higher-heating-value basis for each fuel.
`wastewater_load`	Each direct water-emission indicator	Mass	kg	Calculate each pollutant load separately from matched discharge volume and concentration records; do not combine COD, BOD5, TSS, nitrogen, or phosphorus.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Fruit, natural honey, another declared fermentable sugar material, or one explicitly disclosed same-category must or bulk fermented-beverage input received at the producing-facility gate
starting_condition_role	Foreground entry point for route-specific beverage manufacture
product_classification_scope	CPC 3.0 24230 fermented beverages; excludes fresh-grape wine, malt beer, non-fermented beverages, vinegar, and distilled products
recursive_input_rule	Record purchased must or bulk fermented beverage in this category once as one atomic product input with an upstream dataset; do not recursively reconstruct its production inside the receiving foreground process.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Require representative upstream datasets for each feedstock, same-category intermediate, yeast, additive, processing aid, water source, energy carrier, refrigerant, packaging component, inbound transport, and offsite treatment service.
disclosure	Disclose product definition, raw-material route, included and outsourced operations, excluded life-cycle stages, fermentation and conditioning route, product and alcohol losses, wastewater route, waste and co-product destinations, packaging configuration, and allocation choices.

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
`boundary_facility_gate`	Foreground beverage system	Include attributable operations from receipt of the declared feedstock or recursive same-category input through net saleable product dispatch, including route preparation, fermentation, finishing, filling or bulk preparation, cleaning, refrigeration, onsite utilities, direct releases, wastewater, residues, and wastes.	`un-cpc-3-2025`; `ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019`; `eu-pef-2021`
`boundary_route_selection`	Product route	Apply exactly one documented feedstock-preparation route; include only the finishing, secondary-fermentation, pasteurization, carbonation, and package routes actually performed, with every non-applicable process explicitly identified.	`uk-welsh-cider-2015`; `uk-welsh-perry-2015`; `eu-czworniak-mead-2016`; `iglesias-mead-2014`
`boundary_complete_exchanges`	Every included process	Inventory each material, utility, refrigerant, packaging component, product, residue, waste, wastewater stream, and direct emission as a separate atomic exchange. Missing upstream data are disclosed data gaps, not zero burdens.	`ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019`; `eu-pef-2021`
`boundary_downstream`	Lifecycle model	Distribution, retail refrigeration, serving, consumption, packaging end of life, and other downstream stages are outside this facility-gate dataset and require linked datasets when a full life cycle is modelled.	`eu-pef-2021`

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
`fruit_must_preparation`	Fruit reception, milling, and must preparation	conditional	fermentable_raw_material=fruit	Converts received fruit into fruit must and separates fruit pomace	1,000 kg reference product
`honey_must_preparation`	Honey-must preparation	conditional	fermentable_raw_material=honey	Mixes honey and water and applies declared thermal preparation	1,000 kg reference product
`other_must_preparation`	Other sugar-material must preparation	conditional	fermentable_raw_material=other_sugar_material	Prepares the specifically declared non-fruit, non-honey fermentable material for fermentation	1,000 kg reference product
`alcoholic_fermentation`	Alcoholic fermentation	required	All products in scope	Converts fermentable sugars to alcoholic beverage and biogenic carbon dioxide	1,000 kg reference product
`finishing_maturation`	Clarification, filtration, maturation, and stabilization	conditional	Any listed finishing operation occurs	Produces finished bulk beverage and records processing aids, losses, residues, and utilities	1,000 kg reference product
`conditioning_carbonation`	Secondary fermentation or external carbonation	conditional	Product is bottle-conditioned, bottle-fermented, tank-conditioned, or externally carbonated	Produces the declared sparkling or carbonated beverage state	1,000 kg reference product
`packaging_dispatch`	Filling, packaging, and dispatch preparation	conditional	Product is packaged before dispatch	Fills and assembles the declared package without combining components	1,000 kg reference product
`site_services_wastewater`	Site utilities, cleaning, refrigeration, and wastewater treatment	required	Record shared services; treatment outputs apply when under foreground control	Records each shared carrier, chemical, refrigerant, wastewater, sludge, and direct release	1,000 kg reference product

Process: Fruit reception, milling, and must preparation (`fruit_must_preparation`)

Inputs

Product flows

Fresh fruit feedstock (`fresh_fermentation_fruit`)

Record the accepted mass of the specifically declared fruit delivered for pressing, pulping, or direct must preparation.

Selected flow: Fresh fermentation fruit
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calibrated received mass net of documented rejected loads
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
Sources: uk-welsh-cider-2015; uk-welsh-perry-2015

Fruit-washing and must-preparation water (`fruit_preparation_water`)

Water supplied for fruit washing and must preparation is separately metered or batch-estimated.

Selected flow: Process water
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Measured water delivered to fruit preparation
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_water_records
Sources: uk-welsh-cider-2015; uk-welsh-perry-2015; ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Electricity for fruit milling and pressing (`fruit_preparation_electricity`)

Electricity powers washing, sorting, milling, pressing, pumping, and controls in this route.

Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Metered or defensibly sub-metered electricity used by fruit preparation
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
Sources: uk-welsh-cider-2015; uk-welsh-perry-2015; ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Pectinase for fruit-must preparation (`fruit_pectinase`)

Pectinase is recorded only when added to aid juice extraction or clarification.

Selected flow: Pectinase
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Weighed formulation mass issued to fruit-must batches
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_additive_records
Sources: uk-welsh-cider-2015; uk-welsh-perry-2015

Calcium chloride for keeving (`fruit_calcium_chloride`)

Food-grade calcium chloride is recorded only for a declared keeving route.

Selected flow: Calcium chloride
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Weighed calcium-chloride mass added to the batch
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_additive_records
Sources: uk-welsh-cider-2015; uk-welsh-perry-2015

Outputs

Product flows

Fruit must transferred to fermentation (`fruit_must_output`)

Fruit must is measured at transfer and remains route-specific rather than being combined with other must identities.

Selected flow: Fruit must for fermented-beverage production
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured transfer mass or calibrated volume converted with matched density
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
Sources: uk-welsh-cider-2015; uk-welsh-perry-2015

Waste flows

Fruit pomace from milling and pressing (`fruit_pomace`)

Wet pomace is weighed separately and its beneficial-use, treatment, or disposal destination is declared.

Selected flow: Fermentation fruit pomace
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured wet mass removed from fruit preparation
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: uk-welsh-cider-2015; uk-welsh-perry-2015; ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Fruit-preparation wastewater (`fruit_preparation_wastewater`)

Wastewater from fruit washing, pressing equipment, and route cleaning is recorded by source and destination.

Selected flow: Fruit-preparation wastewater
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Metered or validated batch-volume discharge from fruit preparation
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Process: Honey-must preparation (`honey_must_preparation`)

Inputs

Product flows

Natural honey feedstock (`natural_honey`)

Natural honey is weighed by batch and kept distinct from other fermentable raw materials.

Selected flow: Natural honey
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Weighed honey issued to honey-must preparation
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
Sources: eu-czworniak-mead-2016; iglesias-mead-2014

Water for honey-must dilution (`honey_must_water`)

Water mixed with honey is part of the formulated must and is separately measured.

Selected flow: Process water
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured water mass or calibrated volume converted at measured temperature
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_water_records
Sources: eu-czworniak-mead-2016; iglesias-mead-2014

Electricity for honey-must preparation (`honey_must_electricity`)

Electricity for mixing, pumping, cooling, and controls is recorded for this route.

Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Metered or defensibly allocated route electricity
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
Sources: eu-czworniak-mead-2016; ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Steam for cooked honey-must preparation (`honey_must_steam`)

Purchased steam is recorded only when the declared mead route heats or boils honey must with steam.

Selected flow: Steam, at industrial facility
Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
Amount rule: Metered steam energy delivered to honey-must preparation
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
Sources: eu-czworniak-mead-2016

Outputs

Product flows

Honey must transferred to fermentation (`honey_must_output`)

Prepared honey must is measured after mixing, any heating, and cooling.

Selected flow: Honey must for mead production
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured transfer mass or calibrated volume converted with matched density
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
Sources: eu-czworniak-mead-2016; iglesias-mead-2014

Process: Other sugar-material must preparation (`other_must_preparation`)

Inputs

Product flows

Other fermentable sugar material (`other_sugar_material`)

The data package names one specific sugar-bearing raw material and records it separately from fruit and honey.

Selected flow: Other fermentable sugar material
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Weighed quantity of the specifically named sugar-bearing raw material issued to the batch
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
Sources: un-cpc-3-2025

Water for other sugar-material must (`other_must_water`)

Water incorporated into this must is separately measured.

Selected flow: Process water
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured water mass or calibrated volume converted at measured temperature
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_water_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Electricity for other sugar-material must (`other_must_electricity`)

Electricity for handling, dissolving, mixing, pumping, and cooling is recorded for this route.

Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Metered or defensibly allocated route electricity
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Steam for other sugar-material must (`other_must_steam`)

Purchased steam is recorded only when heating or pasteurizing the prepared must.

Selected flow: Steam, at industrial facility
Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
Amount rule: Metered steam energy delivered to this route
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Outputs

Product flows

Other sugar-material must transferred to fermentation (`other_must_output`)

The prepared must retains the identity of the specifically declared raw-material route.

Selected flow: Other sugar-material must for fermented-beverage production
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured transfer mass or calibrated volume converted with matched density
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
Sources: un-cpc-3-2025

Process: Alcoholic fermentation (`alcoholic_fermentation`)

Inputs

Product flows

Fruit must entering fermentation (`fermentation_fruit_must`)

This input applies only to the fruit route and is not combined with honey or other must.

Selected flow: Fruit must for fermented-beverage production
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured transfer mass from fruit_must_preparation
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
Sources: uk-welsh-cider-2015; uk-welsh-perry-2015

Honey must entering fermentation (`fermentation_honey_must`)

This input applies only to the mead route.

Selected flow: Honey must for mead production
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured transfer mass from honey_must_preparation
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
Sources: eu-czworniak-mead-2016; iglesias-mead-2014

Other sugar-material must entering fermentation (`fermentation_other_must`)

This input applies only to the declared other sugar-material route.

Selected flow: Other sugar-material must for fermented-beverage production
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured transfer mass from other_must_preparation
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
Sources: un-cpc-3-2025

Active dry beverage yeast (`fermentation_yeast`)

Purchased yeast is recorded when inoculation is used; spontaneous fermentation is disclosed with this row not applicable.

Selected flow: Active dry beverage yeast
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Weighed dry yeast added to the fermenter
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_additive_records
Sources: uk-welsh-cider-2015; uk-welsh-perry-2015; eu-czworniak-mead-2016; iglesias-mead-2014

Diammonium phosphate yeast nutrient (`diammonium_phosphate`)

Diammonium phosphate is recorded separately when nutrient supplementation is used.

Selected flow: Diammonium phosphate
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Weighed nutrient mass added to the batch
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_additive_records
Sources: iglesias-mead-2014

Potassium metabisulfite addition (`potassium_metabisulfite`)

Potassium metabisulfite is recorded only when used for microbial or oxidation control.

Selected flow: Potassium metabisulfite
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Weighed formulation mass added to must or beverage
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_additive_records
Sources: uk-welsh-cider-2015; uk-welsh-perry-2015

Electricity for fermentation control (`fermentation_electricity`)

Electricity for pumps, agitation, controls, cooling equipment, and tank operations is recorded here.

Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Metered or defensibly sub-metered fermentation electricity
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Outputs

Product flows

Fermented beverage transferred to finishing or dispatch (`fermented_beverage_output`)

The post-fermentation beverage is measured before route-specific finishing, conditioning, or packaging.

Selected flow: Fermented beverage before finishing
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured transfer mass or calibrated volume converted with matched density
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
Sources: uk-welsh-cider-2015; uk-welsh-perry-2015; eu-czworniak-mead-2016; iglesias-mead-2014

Waste flows

Spent fermentation yeast (`spent_fermentation_yeast`)

Spent fermentation yeast removed from fermentation is weighed and assigned one documented destination.

Selected flow: Spent fermentation yeast
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured wet yeast mass removed during fermentation, racking, or fermenter cleaning
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: uk-welsh-cider-2015; uk-welsh-perry-2015; eu-czworniak-mead-2016

Fermentation lees (`fermentation_lees`)

Lees removed from fermentation are weighed separately from spent yeast and assigned one documented destination.

Selected flow: Fermentation lees
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured wet lees mass removed during racking or fermenter cleaning
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: uk-welsh-cider-2015; uk-welsh-perry-2015; eu-czworniak-mead-2016

Fermentation wastewater (`fermentation_wastewater`)

Fermenter, transfer-line, and racking-cleaning wastewater is recorded by source and destination.

Selected flow: Fermentation wastewater
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Metered or validated batch-volume discharge from fermentation operations
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Elementary flows

Biogenic carbon dioxide from fermentation (`fermentation_co2_biogenic`)

Carbon dioxide formed by alcoholic fermentation is measured or calculated from the documented fermentable-sugar balance.

Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, biogenic, to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured off-gas or calc_fermentation_co2
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_direct_emission_records
Sources: iglesias-mead-2014; uk-welsh-cider-2015; uk-welsh-perry-2015

Process: Clarification, filtration, maturation, and stabilization (`finishing_maturation`)

Inputs

Product flows

Fermented beverage entering finishing (`finishing_beverage_input`)

The transferred beverage mass is reconciled with finished bulk output, residues, and losses.

Selected flow: Fermented beverage before finishing
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured transfer mass from alcoholic_fermentation
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
Sources: eu-czworniak-mead-2016; iglesias-mead-2014; uk-welsh-cider-2015; uk-welsh-perry-2015

Electricity for finishing and maturation (`finishing_electricity`)

Electricity for pumps, filtration, centrifugation, storage, cooling, and controls is recorded separately.

Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Metered or defensibly sub-metered finishing electricity
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Process water for finishing (`finishing_water`)

Water used for route-specific product preparation or equipment service is recorded separately from cleaning chemicals.

Selected flow: Process water
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Metered water delivered to finishing operations
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_water_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Steam for thermal finishing (`finishing_steam`)

Purchased steam is recorded only when hot stabilization, pasteurization, or hot cleaning is included in this process.

Selected flow: Steam, at industrial facility
Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
Amount rule: Metered steam energy delivered to finishing
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
Sources: eu-czworniak-mead-2016; ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Bentonite clarification aid (`bentonite`)

Bentonite is recorded only when used for the declared beverage.

Selected flow: Bentonite
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Weighed dry bentonite added to finishing
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_additive_records
Sources: iglesias-mead-2014

Diatomaceous-earth filter aid (`diatomaceous_earth`)

Diatomaceous earth is recorded only for a route using this filter aid.

Selected flow: Diatomaceous earth
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Weighed dry filter-aid mass issued to filtration
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_additive_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Outputs

Product flows

Finished bulk fermented beverage (`finished_bulk_beverage`)

Finished bulk beverage is measured after route-specific clarification, filtration, maturation, and stabilization.

Selected flow: Finished bulk fermented beverage
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured finished-bulk mass net of retained residues and losses
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
Sources: eu-czworniak-mead-2016; uk-welsh-cider-2015; uk-welsh-perry-2015

Waste flows

Spent bentonite (`spent_bentonite`)

Spent bentonite is weighed separately from other filter and clarification residues.

Selected flow: Spent bentonite
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured wet spent-bentonite mass removed from finishing
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Spent diatomaceous earth (`spent_diatomaceous_earth`)

Spent diatomaceous earth is separately weighed and assigned a treatment destination.

Selected flow: Spent diatomaceous earth
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured wet spent-filter-aid mass removed from filtration
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Rejected beverage from finishing (`finishing_beverage_loss`)

Off-specification or lost beverage is measured separately from wastewater.

Selected flow: Rejected fermented beverage
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured product mass rejected, spilled, or removed during finishing
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Finishing wastewater (`finishing_wastewater`)

Wastewater from filtration, maturation vessels, stabilization, and finishing cleaning is recorded by destination.

Selected flow: Finishing wastewater
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Metered or validated batch-volume discharge from finishing
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Process: Secondary fermentation or external carbonation (`conditioning_carbonation`)

Inputs

Product flows

Finished beverage entering conditioning (`conditioning_beverage_input`)

The beverage transferred to conditioning is measured before sugar, yeast, or carbon dioxide additions.

Selected flow: Finished bulk fermented beverage
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured transfer mass from finishing or direct fermentation route
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
Sources: uk-welsh-cider-2015; uk-welsh-perry-2015

Sucrose for secondary fermentation (`conditioning_sucrose`)

Sucrose is recorded only when added to drive a declared secondary-fermentation route.

Selected flow: Sucrose
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Weighed sucrose added to the conditioning batch
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_additive_records
Sources: uk-welsh-cider-2015; uk-welsh-perry-2015

Yeast for secondary fermentation (`conditioning_yeast`)

Secondary-fermentation yeast is recorded separately from primary-fermentation yeast.

Selected flow: Active dry beverage yeast
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Weighed dry yeast added for secondary fermentation
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_additive_records
Sources: uk-welsh-cider-2015; uk-welsh-perry-2015

Beverage-grade carbon dioxide for external carbonation (`beverage_carbon_dioxide`)

Purchased carbon dioxide is recorded only for external carbonation and not netted against fermentation carbon dioxide.

Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, beverage grade
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Cylinder, bulk-tank, or mass-flow-meter balance for carbon dioxide added to product
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_additive_records
Sources: eu-cider-perry-market-standards-2023

Electricity for conditioning (`conditioning_electricity`)

Electricity for conditioning tanks, riddling, disgorging, chilling, and carbonation equipment is recorded separately.

Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Metered or defensibly allocated conditioning electricity
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
Sources: uk-welsh-cider-2015; uk-welsh-perry-2015; ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Outputs

Product flows

Conditioned fermented beverage (`conditioned_beverage`)

The sparkling or carbonated beverage is measured before final filling or dispatch.

Selected flow: Conditioned fermented beverage
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured conditioned-beverage mass net of disgorging and transfer losses
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
Sources: uk-welsh-cider-2015; uk-welsh-perry-2015

Waste flows

Secondary-fermentation lees (`secondary_fermentation_lees`)

Lees removed during riddling, disgorging, or tank conditioning are recorded separately.

Selected flow: Secondary-fermentation lees
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured wet mass removed during secondary fermentation finishing
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: uk-welsh-cider-2015; uk-welsh-perry-2015

Process: Filling, packaging, and dispatch preparation (`packaging_dispatch`)

Inputs

Product flows

Bulk beverage sent to filling (`packaging_beverage_input`)

Bulk beverage transferred to the filling line is measured before package losses.

Selected flow: Finished bulk fermented beverage
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured transfer mass to packaging
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Packaging-line electricity (`packaging_electricity`)

Electricity for rinsing, filling, closing, labelling, conveying, and pallet preparation is separately recorded.

Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Metered or defensibly allocated packaging-line electricity
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Packaging-line water (`packaging_water`)

Water used on the filling line is separately metered from other process water.

Selected flow: Process water
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Metered water delivered to packaging operations
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_water_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Glass bottles (`glass_bottle`)

Glass bottle mass is recorded only for a glass-bottle package route.

Selected flow: Glass bottle
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Filled-bottle count multiplied by verified empty-bottle mass plus measured rejects
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
Sources: uk-welsh-cider-2015; uk-welsh-perry-2015

Aluminium beverage cans (`aluminium_can`)

Aluminium can mass is recorded only for the can route.

Selected flow: Aluminium beverage can
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Filled-can count multiplied by verified empty-can mass plus measured rejects
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
Sources: eu-pef-2021

Steel crown closures (`steel_crown_closure`)

Steel crown closures are recorded separately from bottles and other closure types.

Selected flow: Steel crown closure
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Applied-closure count multiplied by verified unit mass plus measured rejects
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
Sources: uk-welsh-cider-2015; uk-welsh-perry-2015

Aluminium screw-cap closures (`aluminium_screw_cap`)

Aluminium screw caps are recorded only when used and remain separate from crown closures.

Selected flow: Aluminium screw-cap closure
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Applied-closure count multiplied by verified unit mass plus measured rejects
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
Sources: eu-pef-2021

Paper labels (`paper_label`)

Paper labels are recorded separately from containers, closures, and cartons.

Selected flow: Paper label
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Applied-label count multiplied by verified unit mass plus measured rejects
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
Sources: eu-pef-2021

Corrugated board cartons (`corrugated_board_carton`)

Carton mass is recorded for the declared secondary-packaging configuration.

Selected flow: Corrugated board carton
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Carton count multiplied by verified unit mass plus measured rejects
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
Sources: eu-pef-2021

Low-density polyethylene shrink film (`ldpe_shrink_film`)

Shrink-film mass is recorded separately from cartons and other package components.

Selected flow: Low-density polyethylene shrink film
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Issued film mass net of returned rolls, with measured line scrap added
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
Sources: eu-pef-2021

Outputs

Product flows

Market-ready reference product (`reference_product_output`)

This is the single reference-product exchange for the declared bulk or packaged fermented beverage.

Selected flow: Fermented beverage in this product category
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Fixed net saleable reference amount after filling and dispatch-preparation losses
Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: exactly 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
Sources: un-cpc-3-2025; eu-pef-2021

Waste flows

Rejected beverage from filling (`packaging_beverage_loss`)

Underfills, overfills, start-up product, spills, and rejected filled product are measured separately from wastewater.

Selected flow: Rejected fermented beverage
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured beverage mass rejected or lost on the filling line
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Broken glass packaging (`broken_glass`)

Broken or rejected glass is weighed separately from metal, paper, and plastic packaging scrap.

Selected flow: Broken glass packaging
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured glass reject mass from the packaging line
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Aluminium-can scrap (`aluminium_can_scrap`)

Rejected aluminium cans are weighed separately from closure scrap and other packaging waste.

Selected flow: Aluminium-can scrap
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured rejected aluminium-can mass from packaging
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Steel crown-closure scrap (`steel_crown_closure_scrap`)

Rejected steel crown closures are weighed separately from cans, other closures, and other packaging waste.

Selected flow: Steel crown-closure scrap
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured rejected steel crown-closure mass from packaging
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Aluminium screw-cap scrap (`aluminium_screw_cap_scrap`)

Rejected aluminium screw caps are weighed separately from cans, steel closures, and other packaging waste.

Selected flow: Aluminium screw-cap scrap
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured rejected aluminium screw-cap mass from packaging
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Paper-label scrap (`paper_label_scrap`)

Rejected paper labels are recorded separately from cartons and other packaging waste.

Selected flow: Paper-label scrap
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured rejected paper-label mass from packaging
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Corrugated-board packaging scrap (`corrugated_board_scrap`)

Rejected corrugated-board cartons are recorded separately from labels and other packaging waste.

Selected flow: Corrugated-board packaging scrap
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured rejected corrugated-board mass from packaging
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Polyethylene-film scrap (`polyethylene_film_scrap`)

Rejected shrink film is recorded separately from all other packaging wastes.

Selected flow: Polyethylene-film scrap
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured polyethylene-film reject mass from packaging
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Packaging wastewater (`packaging_wastewater`)

Filling-line, container-rinsing, and packaging-cleaning wastewater is recorded by destination.

Selected flow: Packaging wastewater
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Metered or validated batch-volume discharge from packaging operations
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Process: Site utilities, cleaning, refrigeration, and wastewater treatment (`site_services_wastewater`)

Inputs

Product flows

Shared site electricity (`site_electricity`)

Shared electricity not directly sub-metered to another process is separately recorded and allocated by a causal driver.

Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Metered shared-site electricity assigned with documented operating or load drivers
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-pef-2021

Natural gas for onsite heat (`site_natural_gas`)

Natural gas is recorded as one fuel and is not combined with other fuels.

Selected flow: Natural gas
Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
Amount rule: Metered or invoice quantity converted using documented heating value
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Liquefied petroleum gas for onsite heat (`site_lpg`)

Liquefied petroleum gas is recorded only when used and remains separate from natural gas and fuel oil.

Selected flow: Liquefied petroleum gas
Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
Amount rule: Metered or invoice quantity converted using documented heating value
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Light fuel oil for onsite heat (`site_light_fuel_oil`)

Light fuel oil is recorded only when used and remains separate from gaseous fuels.

Selected flow: Light fuel oil
Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
Amount rule: Metered or invoice quantity converted using documented heating value
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Purchased steam for shared services (`site_steam`)

Purchased steam used by shared hot-water or cleaning systems is separately metered from fuels.

Selected flow: Steam, at industrial facility
Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
Amount rule: Metered shared-service steam energy
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Cleaning and service water (`site_cleaning_water`)

Water used for shared clean-in-place, sanitation, and site services is measured separately from formulation water.

Selected flow: Process water
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Metered or event-based water use for cleaning and shared services
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_water_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Sodium hydroxide cleaning agent (`sodium_hydroxide_cleaner`)

Sodium hydroxide is recorded separately from acid and disinfectant chemicals.

Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Active sodium-hydroxide mass calculated from issued formulation and concentration
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Nitric acid cleaning agent (`nitric_acid_cleaner`)

Nitric acid is recorded only when used in an acid-cleaning step.

Selected flow: Nitric acid
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Active nitric-acid mass calculated from issued formulation and concentration
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Peracetic acid disinfectant (`peracetic_acid_disinfectant`)

Peracetic acid is recorded separately when used for disinfection.

Selected flow: Peracetic acid
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Active peracetic-acid mass calculated from issued formulation and concentration
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_cleaning_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Refrigerant R134a makeup (`r134a_makeup`)

R134a additions are recorded by refrigeration circuit only when that refrigerant is present.

Selected flow: Refrigerant R134a
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Servicing additions reconciled by calc_refrigerant_loss
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Refrigerant R404A makeup (`r404a_makeup`)

R404A additions are recorded separately from R134a and ammonia.

Selected flow: Refrigerant R404A
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Servicing additions reconciled by calc_refrigerant_loss
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Anhydrous ammonia refrigerant makeup (`ammonia_refrigerant_makeup`)

Anhydrous ammonia additions are recorded only for an ammonia refrigeration circuit.

Selected flow: Anhydrous ammonia refrigerant
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Servicing additions reconciled by calc_refrigerant_loss
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Combined beverage-process wastewater to onsite treatment (`wastewater_treatment_input`)

Combined process wastewater is recorded at the treatment inlet after source-process streams remain separately traceable.

Selected flow: Combined beverage-process wastewater
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Metered onsite-treatment influent volume reconciled to source streams
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Outputs

Waste flows

Treated beverage-process wastewater (`treated_wastewater`)

Treated effluent is recorded by volume and destination before direct discharge, reuse, or transfer.

Selected flow: Treated beverage-process wastewater
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Metered treatment-effluent volume
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_monitoring
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Wastewater-treatment sludge (`wastewater_sludge`)

Sludge is recorded by wet mass, dry matter where available, and one documented destination.

Selected flow: Beverage wastewater-treatment sludge
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured wet sludge mass removed from onsite treatment
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide from onsite fuel combustion (`combustion_co2_fossil`)

Fossil carbon dioxide is calculated for each fuel activity without combining fuels in the input inventory.

Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, fossil, to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: calc_combustion_emissions for carbon dioxide
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_direct_emission_records
Sources: eu-pef-2021

Fossil methane from onsite fuel combustion (`combustion_ch4`)

Methane is calculated as a separate direct emission.

Selected flow: Methane, fossil, to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: calc_combustion_emissions for methane
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_direct_emission_records
Sources: eu-pef-2021

Nitrous oxide from onsite fuel combustion (`combustion_n2o`)

Nitrous oxide is calculated as a separate direct emission.

Selected flow: Nitrous oxide, to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: calc_combustion_emissions for nitrous oxide
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_direct_emission_records
Sources: eu-pef-2021

Nitrogen oxides from onsite fuel combustion (`combustion_nox`)

Nitrogen oxides are calculated separately from greenhouse-gas emissions.

Selected flow: Nitrogen oxides, to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: calc_combustion_emissions for nitrogen oxides
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_direct_emission_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

R134a released to air (`r134a_to_air`)

R134a loss is reported separately from every other refrigerant.

Selected flow: 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane, to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: calc_refrigerant_loss for the R134a circuit
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

R404A released to air (`r404a_to_air`)

R404A loss is reported as its own refrigerant-mixture elementary flow.

Selected flow: Refrigerant R404A, to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: calc_refrigerant_loss for the R404A circuit
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Ammonia refrigerant released to air (`ammonia_to_air`)

Anhydrous ammonia loss is reported separately from fluorinated refrigerants.

Selected flow: Ammonia, to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: calc_refrigerant_loss for the ammonia circuit
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_records
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Chemical oxygen demand discharged to water (`cod_to_water`)

COD is calculated from matched effluent flow and concentration records.

Selected flow: Chemical oxygen demand, to water
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: calc_wastewater_load for COD
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_monitoring
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Five-day biochemical oxygen demand discharged to water (`bod5_to_water`)

BOD5 is calculated separately from COD.

Selected flow: Biochemical oxygen demand, 5 days, to water
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: calc_wastewater_load for BOD5
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_monitoring
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Total suspended solids discharged to water (`tss_to_water`)

Total suspended solids are calculated as a separate pollutant load.

Selected flow: Total suspended solids, to water
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: calc_wastewater_load for TSS
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_monitoring
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Total nitrogen discharged to water (`total_nitrogen_to_water`)

Total nitrogen is calculated separately from other water-emission indicators.

Selected flow: Nitrogen, total, to water
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: calc_wastewater_load for total nitrogen
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_monitoring
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Total phosphorus discharged to water (`total_phosphorus_to_water`)

Total phosphorus is calculated separately from other water-emission indicators.

Selected flow: Phosphorus, total, to water
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: calc_wastewater_load for total phosphorus
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_monitoring
Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
`allocation_avoid_by_subdivision`	All foreground processes and shared site services	Avoid allocation first by sub-metering or subdividing batches, lines, tanks, cleaning events, refrigeration circuits, and treatment operations so directly attributable exchanges remain with the declared product.	`eu-pef-2021`; `ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019`
`allocation_physical_causality`	Shared operations that cannot be subdivided	Allocate remaining shared inputs and outputs using a documented physical causal driver such as product mass, tank occupancy, operating time, thermal load, cleaning event, wastewater volume, or pollutant load; state why the driver reflects causality.	`eu-pef-2021`
`allocation_economic_fallback`	Multiple valuable outputs without a defensible physical relationship	Use a documented non-physical relationship such as contemporaneous economic value only after subdivision and physical causality are shown impracticable; disclose prices, reference period, factors, and a sensitivity result.	`eu-pef-2021`
`allocation_residue_status`	Pomace, yeast, lees, recovered carbon dioxide, sludge, and other recovered outputs	Treat an output as a co-product only when it is separately measured, meets a declared specification, and has documented beneficial use or market value; otherwise record it as waste. Do not subtract an avoided-product credit within this facility-gate inventory unless a broader study applies a consistent substitution method.	`eu-pef-2021`; `ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019`

Raw downloads

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pcr.en-US.md94 KB · a4d19872b14e…
manifest.yaml3.9 KB · 8ccaef8a9a87…
pcr.zh-CN.md86 KB · 9034f3e894ec…
structured.yaml115 KB · 0cd8feca0399…

Structured rule index

This index comes from verified structured.yaml and retains the canonical English rule text.

System boundary rules · 4

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`boundary_facility_gate`	Foreground beverage system	Include attributable operations from receipt of the declared feedstock or recursive same-category input through net saleable product dispatch, including route preparation, fermentation, finishing, filling or bulk preparation, cleaning, refrigeration, onsite utilities, direct releases, wastewater, residues, and wastes.	un-cpc-3-2025, ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019, eu-pef-2021
`boundary_route_selection`	Product route	Apply exactly one documented feedstock-preparation route; include only the finishing, secondary-fermentation, pasteurization, carbonation, and package routes actually performed, with every non-applicable process explicitly identified.	uk-welsh-cider-2015, uk-welsh-perry-2015, eu-czworniak-mead-2016, iglesias-mead-2014
`boundary_complete_exchanges`	Every included process	Inventory each material, utility, refrigerant, packaging component, product, residue, waste, wastewater stream, and direct emission as a separate atomic exchange. Missing upstream data are disclosed data gaps, not zero burdens.	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019, eu-pef-2021
`boundary_downstream`	Lifecycle model	Distribution, retail refrigeration, serving, consumption, packaging end of life, and other downstream stages are outside this facility-gate dataset and require linked datasets when a full life cycle is modelled.	eu-pef-2021

Allocation rules · 4

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`allocation_avoid_by_subdivision`	All foreground processes and shared site services	Avoid allocation first by sub-metering or subdividing batches, lines, tanks, cleaning events, refrigeration circuits, and treatment operations so directly attributable exchanges remain with the declared product.	eu-pef-2021, ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
`allocation_physical_causality`	Shared operations that cannot be subdivided	Allocate remaining shared inputs and outputs using a documented physical causal driver such as product mass, tank occupancy, operating time, thermal load, cleaning event, wastewater volume, or pollutant load; state why the driver reflects causality.	eu-pef-2021
`allocation_economic_fallback`	Multiple valuable outputs without a defensible physical relationship	Use a documented non-physical relationship such as contemporaneous economic value only after subdivision and physical causality are shown impracticable; disclose prices, reference period, factors, and a sensitivity result.	eu-pef-2021
`allocation_residue_status`	Pomace, yeast, lees, recovered carbon dioxide, sludge, and other recovered outputs	Treat an output as a co-product only when it is separately measured, meets a declared specification, and has documented beneficial use or market value; otherwise record it as waste. Do not subtract an avoided-product credit within this facility-gate inventory unless a broader study applies a consistent substitution method.	eu-pef-2021, ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Validation rules · 9

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`validate_reference_identity`	Reference flow	Require the exact 1,000 kg mass basis and all product qualifiers; keep the product-flow UUID empty until one Tiangong flow is confirmed to cover the complete category.	un-cpc-3-2025, eu-cider-perry-market-standards-2023
`validate_scope`	Product identity	Confirm alcoholic fermentation is identity-forming and reject fresh-grape wine, malt beer, non-fermented beverages, vinegar, distilled spirits, and products that no longer retain fermented-beverage character.	un-cpc-3-2025, eu-cn-2206-2019
`validate_route`	Process map	Require exactly one applicable must-preparation route, alcoholic fermentation, and all actually performed finishing, conditioning, packaging, utility, cleaning, refrigeration, and wastewater operations; prohibit combined route-selector exchanges.	uk-welsh-cider-2015, uk-welsh-perry-2015, eu-czworniak-mead-2016, iglesias-mead-2014
`validate_atomic_inventory`	Inventory rows	Reject any selected flow that combines feedstocks, yeast and nutrients, electricity and heat, multiple fuels, multiple refrigerants, multiple chemicals, filtration aids, packaging components, wastes, wastewater indicators, or air emissions.	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019, eu-pef-2021
`validate_mass_balance`	Each process and campaign	Reconcile opening stocks plus inputs against outputs, closing stocks, fermentation carbon dioxide, moisture or density changes, measured waste, wastewater product loss, and documented losses before publication.	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019, eu-pef-2021
`validate_wastewater`	Wastewater and direct discharge	Require source-process volumes and destinations; reconcile onsite-treatment influent and effluent; calculate COD, BOD5, TSS, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus separately when monitored or required.	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
`validate_packaging`	Packaged product	Reconcile fill count and net product mass and require a separate mass for every container, closure, label, carton, and film actually used, plus separate reject wastes.	eu-pef-2021
`validate_allocation`	Shared operations and recovered outputs	Require documented subdivision attempts, causal drivers, residual allocation factors, output status, and sensitivity for any non-physical fallback; prohibit undisclosed avoided-product credits.	eu-pef-2021
`validate_sources_and_quality`	Foreground package	Require source ids for externally constrained rules, foreground records for controlled processes, documented proxies for unavailable upstream data, complete quality disclosure, and explicit unresolved range and UUID gaps.	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019, eu-pef-2021

Processes and inputs/outputs · 8

Process ID	Process name	Input flows	Output flows
`fruit_must_preparation`	Fruit reception, milling, and must preparation	5	3
`honey_must_preparation`	Honey-must preparation	4	1
`other_must_preparation`	Other sugar-material must preparation	4	1
`alcoholic_fermentation`	Alcoholic fermentation	7	5
`finishing_maturation`	Clarification, filtration, maturation, and stabilization	6	5
`conditioning_carbonation`	Secondary fermentation or external carbonation	5	2
`packaging_dispatch`	Filling, packaging, and dispatch preparation	10	10
`site_services_wastewater`	Site utilities, cleaning, refrigeration, and wastewater treatment	13	14

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Cider, perry, mead and other fermented beverages, except wine of fresh grapes and beer made from malt

Content languages

Readiness

Classification mapping

Source

1. Scope and Applicability

2. Product Category Identity

3. Reference Flow

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

Process: Fruit reception, milling, and must preparation (fruit_must_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Fresh fruit feedstock (fresh_fermentation_fruit)

Fruit-washing and must-preparation water (fruit_preparation_water)

Electricity for fruit milling and pressing (fruit_preparation_electricity)

Pectinase for fruit-must preparation (fruit_pectinase)

Calcium chloride for keeving (fruit_calcium_chloride)

Outputs

Product flows

Fruit must transferred to fermentation (fruit_must_output)

Waste flows

Fruit pomace from milling and pressing (fruit_pomace)

Fruit-preparation wastewater (fruit_preparation_wastewater)

Process: Honey-must preparation (honey_must_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Natural honey feedstock (natural_honey)

Water for honey-must dilution (honey_must_water)

Electricity for honey-must preparation (honey_must_electricity)

Steam for cooked honey-must preparation (honey_must_steam)

Outputs

Product flows

Honey must transferred to fermentation (honey_must_output)

Process: Other sugar-material must preparation (other_must_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Other fermentable sugar material (other_sugar_material)

Water for other sugar-material must (other_must_water)

Electricity for other sugar-material must (other_must_electricity)

Steam for other sugar-material must (other_must_steam)

Outputs

Product flows

Other sugar-material must transferred to fermentation (other_must_output)

Process: Alcoholic fermentation (alcoholic_fermentation)

Inputs

Product flows

Fruit must entering fermentation (fermentation_fruit_must)

Honey must entering fermentation (fermentation_honey_must)

Other sugar-material must entering fermentation (fermentation_other_must)

Active dry beverage yeast (fermentation_yeast)

Diammonium phosphate yeast nutrient (diammonium_phosphate)

Potassium metabisulfite addition (potassium_metabisulfite)

Electricity for fermentation control (fermentation_electricity)

Outputs

Product flows

Fermented beverage transferred to finishing or dispatch (fermented_beverage_output)

Waste flows

Spent fermentation yeast (spent_fermentation_yeast)

Fermentation lees (fermentation_lees)

Fermentation wastewater (fermentation_wastewater)

Elementary flows

Biogenic carbon dioxide from fermentation (fermentation_co2_biogenic)

Process: Clarification, filtration, maturation, and stabilization (finishing_maturation)

Inputs

Product flows

Fermented beverage entering finishing (finishing_beverage_input)

Electricity for finishing and maturation (finishing_electricity)

Process water for finishing (finishing_water)

Steam for thermal finishing (finishing_steam)

Bentonite clarification aid (bentonite)

Diatomaceous-earth filter aid (diatomaceous_earth)

Outputs

Product flows

Finished bulk fermented beverage (finished_bulk_beverage)

Waste flows

Spent bentonite (spent_bentonite)

Process: Fruit reception, milling, and must preparation (`fruit_must_preparation`)

Fresh fruit feedstock (`fresh_fermentation_fruit`)

Fruit-washing and must-preparation water (`fruit_preparation_water`)

Electricity for fruit milling and pressing (`fruit_preparation_electricity`)

Pectinase for fruit-must preparation (`fruit_pectinase`)

Calcium chloride for keeving (`fruit_calcium_chloride`)

Fruit must transferred to fermentation (`fruit_must_output`)

Fruit pomace from milling and pressing (`fruit_pomace`)

Fruit-preparation wastewater (`fruit_preparation_wastewater`)

Process: Honey-must preparation (`honey_must_preparation`)

Natural honey feedstock (`natural_honey`)

Water for honey-must dilution (`honey_must_water`)

Electricity for honey-must preparation (`honey_must_electricity`)

Steam for cooked honey-must preparation (`honey_must_steam`)

Honey must transferred to fermentation (`honey_must_output`)

Process: Other sugar-material must preparation (`other_must_preparation`)

Other fermentable sugar material (`other_sugar_material`)

Water for other sugar-material must (`other_must_water`)

Electricity for other sugar-material must (`other_must_electricity`)

Steam for other sugar-material must (`other_must_steam`)

Other sugar-material must transferred to fermentation (`other_must_output`)

Process: Alcoholic fermentation (`alcoholic_fermentation`)

Fruit must entering fermentation (`fermentation_fruit_must`)

Honey must entering fermentation (`fermentation_honey_must`)

Other sugar-material must entering fermentation (`fermentation_other_must`)

Active dry beverage yeast (`fermentation_yeast`)

Diammonium phosphate yeast nutrient (`diammonium_phosphate`)

Potassium metabisulfite addition (`potassium_metabisulfite`)

Electricity for fermentation control (`fermentation_electricity`)

Fermented beverage transferred to finishing or dispatch (`fermented_beverage_output`)

Spent fermentation yeast (`spent_fermentation_yeast`)

Fermentation lees (`fermentation_lees`)

Fermentation wastewater (`fermentation_wastewater`)

Biogenic carbon dioxide from fermentation (`fermentation_co2_biogenic`)

Process: Clarification, filtration, maturation, and stabilization (`finishing_maturation`)

Fermented beverage entering finishing (`finishing_beverage_input`)

Electricity for finishing and maturation (`finishing_electricity`)

Process water for finishing (`finishing_water`)

Steam for thermal finishing (`finishing_steam`)

Bentonite clarification aid (`bentonite`)

Diatomaceous-earth filter aid (`diatomaceous_earth`)

Finished bulk fermented beverage (`finished_bulk_beverage`)

Spent bentonite (`spent_bentonite`)

Spent diatomaceous earth (`spent_diatomaceous_earth`)

Rejected beverage from finishing (`finishing_beverage_loss`)

Finishing wastewater (`finishing_wastewater`)

Process: Secondary fermentation or external carbonation (`conditioning_carbonation`)

Finished beverage entering conditioning (`conditioning_beverage_input`)

Sucrose for secondary fermentation (`conditioning_sucrose`)

Yeast for secondary fermentation (`conditioning_yeast`)

Beverage-grade carbon dioxide for external carbonation (`beverage_carbon_dioxide`)

Electricity for conditioning (`conditioning_electricity`)

Conditioned fermented beverage (`conditioned_beverage`)

Secondary-fermentation lees (`secondary_fermentation_lees`)

Process: Filling, packaging, and dispatch preparation (`packaging_dispatch`)

Bulk beverage sent to filling (`packaging_beverage_input`)

Packaging-line electricity (`packaging_electricity`)

Packaging-line water (`packaging_water`)

Glass bottles (`glass_bottle`)

Aluminium beverage cans (`aluminium_can`)

Steel crown closures (`steel_crown_closure`)

Aluminium screw-cap closures (`aluminium_screw_cap`)

Paper labels (`paper_label`)

Corrugated board cartons (`corrugated_board_carton`)

Low-density polyethylene shrink film (`ldpe_shrink_film`)

Market-ready reference product (`reference_product_output`)

Rejected beverage from filling (`packaging_beverage_loss`)

Broken glass packaging (`broken_glass`)

Aluminium-can scrap (`aluminium_can_scrap`)

Steel crown-closure scrap (`steel_crown_closure_scrap`)

Aluminium screw-cap scrap (`aluminium_screw_cap_scrap`)

Paper-label scrap (`paper_label_scrap`)

Corrugated-board packaging scrap (`corrugated_board_scrap`)

Polyethylene-film scrap (`polyethylene_film_scrap`)

Packaging wastewater (`packaging_wastewater`)

Process: Site utilities, cleaning, refrigeration, and wastewater treatment (`site_services_wastewater`)

Shared site electricity (`site_electricity`)

Natural gas for onsite heat (`site_natural_gas`)

Liquefied petroleum gas for onsite heat (`site_lpg`)

Light fuel oil for onsite heat (`site_light_fuel_oil`)