Beer made from malt

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers foreground datasets for alcoholic beer made from malt under CPC 24310. The foreground starts with ingredients, packaging, utilities, and other inputs delivered to the brewery and ends with finished beer packaged or otherwise prepared for dispatch at the brewery gate. It includes wort production, fermentation and finishing, filling or bulk preparation, cleaning, refrigeration, on-site utilities, wastewater, losses, wastes, and co-products.

Agricultural production, malting, ingredient and packaging manufacture, inbound transport, distribution, retail or use-stage cooling, consumption losses, and end-of-life are background stages to be linked when the study boundary requires them. Non-alcoholic beer classified elsewhere, cider, perry, mead, wine, malt as a product, industrial ethanol fermentation broth, and generic brewery services are excluded. Material recipe, alcoholic-strength, and package differences require product-specific data or disclosed scenarios.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.beverages.beer-made-from-malt
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 24310, Beer made from malt, exact
covered_products	Alcoholic finished beer made from malt, packaged or in bulk dispatch form
excluded_products	Non-alcoholic beer; cider; perry; mead; wine; malt; industrial ethanol fermentation broth; generic brewery services
representative_product	Industrially brewed malt beer at the brewery gate
production_route	Wort production; fermentation and finishing; filling or bulk dispatch preparation
market_state	Finished, saleable beer with declared beer type, alcoholic strength, package format, and shelf life

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Finished alcoholic malt beer at the brewery gate
How much	0.1 m3 (1 hl)
How well	Fit for sale; declared beer type, alcoholic strength by volume, and package or bulk-dispatch format
How long or cycle	Declared minimum shelf life of at least one month; continuous 12-month production reporting period
reference_flow_link	Beer 6da29594-9e39-48eb-82d1-c7a4484d3740

Field	Value
Reference amount	0.1 m3
Reference product flow	Beer 6da29594-9e39-48eb-82d1-c7a4484d3740
Reference flow property	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit group	Units of volume 93a60a57-a3c8-12da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	m3
Required qualifiers	beer type; alcoholic strength by volume; packaged or bulk format; package material and returnability; brewery site; reporting period; minimum shelf life

When constructing a foreground data package, all required qualifiers must be declared in metadata or equivalent product and process fields. The Tiangong Beer flow is active (state_code=100) and carries the exact CPC 24310 classification. For a downstream consumed-beer profile, use 0.102 m3 sold per 0.1 m3 consumed for the Beer PEFCR default 2% loss. Use 7% only when the product cannot preserve its properties for one month, or replace the default with representative evidence. Downstream scaling does not change the brewery-gate reference flow.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_volume	Beer reference product and beer intermediates	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	Record volume at a declared measurement temperature; convert litres or hectolitres exactly to m3 and preserve the original reading.
inventory_mass	Ingredients, packaging, co-products, wastes, and emissions measured by mass	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Record dry or as-received basis and moisture where material; use the verified Units of mass group 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66.
energy_sum	Electricity, fuels, steam, heat, cooling, and other energy	Energy	MWh	Preserve native quantities, conversion factors, calorific-value basis, and meter scope; convert to MWh only for the total-energy calculation.
period_normalization	All foreground flows	Reference-flow property	per 0.1 m3	Aggregate one continuous 12-month period, reconcile stock changes and losses, allocate if needed, then normalize to conforming beer output.

5. System Boundary

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_brewery_gate	Foreground dataset	Include wort production, fermentation, finishing, filling or bulk preparation, cleaning, refrigeration, on-site utilities, wastewater, losses, wastes, and co-products from delivered brewery inputs to dispatch-ready beer.	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; brewers-europe-beer-pefcr-2025
boundary_upstream_inputs	Lifecycle model	Link upstream ingredient, malt, energy, water, chemical, refrigerant, packaging, and inbound-transport datasets; prefer supplier-specific data where available.	brewers-europe-beer-pefcr-2025
boundary_downstream_profile	Lifecycle model	Add distribution, cooling, product losses, packaging end-of-life, and other downstream stages for the declared market and package system when cradle-to-grave results are required.	brewers-europe-beer-pefcr-2025
boundary_no_cutoff	Included stages	Do not omit an identified relevant flow by mass, energy, or environmental-significance cutoff. Estimate missing quantities transparently, mark them for replacement, and test materiality.	brewers-europe-beer-pefcr-2025

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Malt, adjuncts, hops or hop products, yeast, water, energy, cleaning materials, packaging, and other inputs delivered to the brewery
starting_condition_role	Background-to-foreground interface at brewery receipt
product_classification_scope	Alcoholic beer made from malt under CPC 24310
recursive_input_rule	Finished beer received from another site is an upstream beer dataset; only local finishing, blending, or packaging remains in the reporting-site foreground.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link representative production and transport datasets for delivered materials and utilities; use supplier-specific datasets when available.
disclosure	Declare brewery site, reporting period, starting material condition, package system, outsourced operations, missing flows, estimates, and deviations.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
wort_production	Wort production	required	All covered beer production	Convert brewing ingredients and water into cooled hopped wort	Cooled wort transfer volume
fermentation_and_finishing	Fermentation and finishing	required	All covered beer production	Ferment, mature, filter or otherwise finish beer	Finished beer transfer volume
filling_and_packaging	Filling and packaging	required	Include bulk dispatch preparation when no retail package is applied	Prepare finished beer for dispatch and provide the reference output	0.1 m3 dispatch-ready beer

Process: Wort production (wort_production)

Inputs

Product flows

Malted cereals and adjuncts (malted_cereals_and_adjuncts)

The principal fermentable materials cross the brewery boundary here; receipt, recipe, and inventory records determine quantity.

• Selected flow: Malted cereals and brewing adjuncts
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Record each ingredient on a consistent dry or as-received basis and reconcile purchases, stock, and recipe use.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 0.1 m3 finished beer at brewery gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_receipts
• Sources: brewers-europe-beer-pefcr-2025
• Range: Malted-barley recipe QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 6.13
  • Upper: 16
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 0.1 m3 finished beer
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
  • Sources: brewers-europe-beer-pefcr-2025

Hops and hop products (hops_and_hop_products)

Hops, pellets, or extracts cross into wort production; purchase and recipe records determine quantities while preserving product form and concentration.

• Selected flow: Hops, hop pellets, or hop extract
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Record each hop product separately on its purchased basis.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 0.1 m3 finished beer at brewery gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_receipts
• Sources: brewers-europe-beer-pefcr-2025

Brewing water (wort_brewing_water)

Water crosses into mashing, lautering, sparging, and boiling; process metering or batch-volume reconciliation determines quantity.

• Selected flow: Brewing water for wort production
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: Measure process water and exclude cleaning water from this row.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 0.1 m3 finished beer at brewery gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utility_meters
• Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Total-water screening ceiling applied conservatively to the process row
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.60
  • Unit: m3
  • Basis: per 0.1 m3 finished beer
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
  • Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Wort-production energy (wort_energy)

Heat and electricity cross into milling, mashing, boiling, pumping, separation, and cooling; meters or equipment calculations determine quantity.

• Selected flow: Wort-production heat and electricity
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MWh
• Amount rule: Calculate from submetering or equipment load and operating time with documented factors.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 0.1 m3 finished beer at brewery gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_utility_meters
• Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Temporary component-energy screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.05
  • Unit: MWh
  • Basis: per 0.1 m3 finished beer; not a wort-production benchmark
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Cooled wort (cooled_wort)

Cooled hopped wort crosses to fermentation; transfer volume and density or extract records determine quantity.

• Selected flow: Cooled hopped wort
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: Record at the measurement temperature and reconcile evaporation, trub, and line losses.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 0.1 m3 finished beer at brewery gate
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wort_batch_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Brewers' spent grain (brewers_spent_grain)

Spent grain leaves wort separation for use or treatment; weights, moisture measurements, and dispatch records determine quantity.

• Selected flow: Wet brewers' spent grain
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Record wet mass, moisture, destination, and storage change.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 0.1 m3 finished beer at brewery gate
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_coproduct_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Temporary wet spent-grain screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 50
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: wet mass per 0.1 m3 finished beer
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Fermentation and finishing (fermentation_and_finishing)

Inputs

Product flows

Cooled wort input (cooled_wort_input)

This intermediate crosses from wort production; matched batch-transfer records determine quantity.

• Selected flow: Cooled hopped wort from wort_production
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: Equal the paired cooled_wort output after explicit transfer losses.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 0.1 m3 finished beer at brewery gate
• Basis kind: N-input (n_input)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fermentation_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Brewing yeast (brewing_yeast)

Purchased or propagated yeast crosses into fermentation; propagation and dosing records determine quantity without double-counting internal reuse.

• Selected flow: Brewing yeast
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Record fresh mass and distinguish new, propagated, reused, and surplus yeast.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 0.1 m3 finished beer at brewery gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fermentation_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Fermentation and finishing energy (fermentation_energy)

Energy crosses into refrigeration, pumping, filtration, stabilization, and carbonation; submetering or equipment records determine quantity.

• Selected flow: Fermentation and finishing energy
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MWh
• Amount rule: Calculate from submetering or equipment load, tank occupancy, and operating time.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 0.1 m3 finished beer at brewery gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_utility_meters
• Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Temporary component-energy screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.05
  • Unit: MWh
  • Basis: per 0.1 m3 finished beer; not a fermentation benchmark
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Finished beer before filling (finished_beer_before_filling)

Finished beer crosses to filling or bulk preparation; tank-transfer volume determines quantity after explicit filtration and transfer losses.

• Selected flow: Finished beer before filling
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: Record at the declared measurement temperature and reconcile tank and filtration losses.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 0.1 m3 finished beer at brewery gate
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fermentation_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Surplus yeast (surplus_yeast)

Surplus yeast leaves fermentation for reuse, sale, or treatment; tank and dispatch records determine quantity.

• Selected flow: Surplus yeast
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Record wet mass, dry matter, internal reuse, and destination.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 0.1 m3 finished beer at brewery gate
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_coproduct_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Elementary flows

Fermentation carbon dioxide (fermentation_carbon_dioxide)

Biogenic carbon dioxide crosses to air unless recovered; extract conversion and recovery records determine generated and emitted quantities.

• Selected flow: Biogenic carbon dioxide to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Report generated, recovered, internally reused, sold, and vented quantities separately.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 0.1 m3 finished beer at brewery gate
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_fermentation_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Temporary fermentation-carbon-dioxide screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 20
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 0.1 m3 finished beer
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Filling and packaging (filling_and_packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Finished beer input (finished_beer_input)

Finished beer crosses into filling from finishing; matched tank-transfer records determine quantity.

• Selected flow: Finished beer from fermentation_and_finishing
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: Equal the paired finished_beer_before_filling output after explicit transfer losses.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 0.1 m3 finished beer at brewery gate
• Basis kind: N-input (n_input)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources: brewers-europe-beer-pefcr-2025

Primary packaging (primary_packaging_materials)

Bottles, cans, kegs, closures, labels, and other packaging cross into filling; bills of material and line records determine quantity.

• Selected flow: Primary packaging materials
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Record each material and format, process losses, and reusable-container trip count separately.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 0.1 m3 finished beer at brewery gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources: brewers-europe-beer-pefcr-2025
• Range: Temporary packaging-mass screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 0.1 m3 finished beer; package-specific reconciliation is authoritative
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Filling and packaging utilities (packaging_utilities)

Utilities cross into filling, container washing, and packing; meters and operating records determine quantities.

• Selected flow: Filling and packaging utilities
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MWh
• Amount rule: Record electricity, heat, water, chemicals, and refrigerants in native units; convert energy only for summation and record leakage separately.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 0.1 m3 finished beer at brewery gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_utility_meters
• Sources: brewers-europe-beer-pefcr-2025; ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Temporary component-energy screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.05
  • Unit: MWh
  • Basis: per 0.1 m3 finished beer; not a packaging benchmark
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Beer reference product (beer_reference_product)

The dispatch-ready product crosses the brewery gate as the quantitative reference output; conforming volume fixes its quantity.

• Selected flow: Beer 6da29594-9e39-48eb-82d1-c7a4484d3740
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: Fixed at 0.1 m3 of conforming finished beer at brewery gate.
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 0.1 m3 finished beer at brewery gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Sources:
• Range: Fixed reference-amount check
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.1
  • Upper: 0.1
  • Unit: m3
  • Basis: finished beer at brewery gate
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)

Waste flows

Brewery wastewater (brewery_wastewater)

Wastewater crosses from brewery operations to external treatment or discharge; effluent metering or water balance determines quantity.

• Selected flow: Brewery wastewater before external treatment
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: Reconcile intake, beer, evaporation, co-product moisture, recycling, and other losses; record treatment and pollutant loads separately.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 0.1 m3 finished beer at brewery gate
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utility_meters
• Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-bat-fdm-2019
• Range: Brewery-wastewater QA screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.15
  • Upper: 0.60
  • Unit: m3
  • Basis: per 0.1 m3 finished beer; investigate outside values rather than automatically reject them
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
  • Sources: ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-bat-fdm-2019

Packaging waste (packaging_waste)

Packaging losses cross from filling to recovery or treatment; material reconciliation and waste records determine quantity.

• Selected flow: Packaging waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Record by material and treatment route; reconcile purchases, stock, packed product, and waste.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 0.1 m3 finished beer at brewery gate
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_coproduct_records
• Sources: brewers-europe-beer-pefcr-2025
• Range: Temporary packaging-waste screen
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 20
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 0.1 m3 finished beer; material reconciliation is authoritative
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivide_coproduction	Shared brewery operations	First subdivide meters, batches, lines, tanks, and cleaning events where feasible. Directly assign beer-specific ingredients and packaging.	brewers-europe-beer-pefcr-2025
allocation_beverages_by_volume	Multiple beverages	Allocate residual shared brewery inputs and outputs among beverage products by finished volume produced in the same period; disclose denominator and included products.	brewers-europe-beer-pefcr-2025
allocation_feed_coproducts	Brewers' grains or comparable residues used as feed	Assign brewery burdens to beer and no burden to the feed co-product while reporting quantity and destination. Any avoided-product credit is a separately disclosed scenario.	brewers-europe-beer-pefcr-2025
allocation_non_feed_coproduct_review	Recovered carbon dioxide, yeast, extracts, or other non-feed co-products	Prefer subdivision or physical causal assignment. Otherwise document function, marketability, quantity, price, basis, and sensitivity; do not automatically apply the feed rule.	brewers-europe-beer-pefcr-2025

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_receipts	wort_production	brewing ingredients	purchase, recipe, and stock records	material; form; mass; moisture; batch; stock change	Reconcile purchases, transfers, recipe issues, and inventory	kg	per receipt and batch	continuous 12 months	brewery and product	annual net use divided by conforming output	invoices; recipe system; inventory reconciliation
cp_wort_batch_records	wort_production	wort and residues	brew-house batch record	volume; temperature; extract; evaporation; residue; transfer loss	Capture mash, kettle, separation, cooling, and transfer records	m3; kg	per batch	continuous 12 months	brew house and product	sum conforming batches and normalize	calibrated instruments; batch reconciliation
cp_utility_meters	wort_production; fermentation_and_finishing; filling_and_packaging	water and energy	meter and equipment record	meter value; fuel; steam; heat; runtime; factor; scope	Read calibrated meters or calculate from equipment load and logged runtime	native unit; MWh; m3	daily to monthly	continuous 12 months	meter area and brewery	reconcile site total, subdivide, allocate, normalize	calibration; bills; meter map; calculation sheet
cp_fermentation_records	fermentation_and_finishing	wort, yeast, beer, carbon dioxide	tank and laboratory record	volume; extract; temperature; yeast; transfer; loss; recovered CO2	Reconcile tank receipts, fermentation conversion, transfers, recovery, and finished volume	m3; kg	per tank or batch	continuous 12 months	fermentation train and product	sum conforming production and normalize	tank log; laboratory result; recovery meter
cp_packaging_records	filling_and_packaging	beer and packaging	filler, bill-of-material, and dispatch record	filled volume; rejects; material; package; trip count; loss	Reconcile filler counters, package issues, stock, rejects, and saleable output	m3; kg	per production run	continuous 12 months	line and product	sum conforming runs and normalize	line counter; material issue; dispatch reconciliation
cp_waste_coproduct_records	wort_production; fermentation_and_finishing; filling_and_packaging	co-products and wastes	weighbridge, transfer, and treatment record	quantity; moisture; destination; treatment; stock change	Reconcile measured dispatch, storage change, sale, reuse, and treatment	kg; m3	per movement and monthly	continuous 12 months	brewery	annual net output divided by conforming beer	tickets; contracts; stock survey; treatment record

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_normalize_reference	All foreground flows	Allocated annual net quantity / annual conforming beer volume x 0.1 m3	net flow quantity; conforming beer volume	quantity per reference flow
calc_total_energy	Brewery energy	Convert electricity, fuel, steam, heat, and refrigeration to MWh with documented factors, sum before allocation, then apply the declared rule	native energy records; conversion factors; allocation data	MWh/hl	eu-bat-fdm-2019
calc_water_balance	Brewery water	Intake = beer + wastewater + evaporation + co-product moisture + other losses + stock change; report recycled water separately	intake and outlet records	reconciled m3/hl and residual	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
calc_material_balance	Brewing and filling	Reconcile ingredient dry matter, wort volume and extract, beer transfers, losses, co-products, wastes, and stock changes for the same period	process and inventory records	balance and unexplained residual	eu-bat-fdm-2019
calc_fermentation_co2	Fermentation	Calculate generation from measured extract conversion or documented stoichiometry; report generated, recovered, reused, sold, and vented amounts distinctly	extract conversion; recovery and vent records	kg biogenic CO2/hl by route	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
calc_reusable_packaging	Reusable containers	Divide container manufacture by documented expected trips and include washing, rejection, and replacement; test uncertain trip counts	pool records; packaging and utility data	allocated packaging and washing per hl	brewers-europe-beer-pefcr-2025
calc_downstream_scaling	Consumed-beer lifecycle profile	Use 0.102 m3 sold per 0.1 m3 consumed for default 2% loss; use 7% only under the shelf-life condition or replace with representative evidence	consumed amount; loss rate	sold amount for downstream model	brewers-europe-beer-pefcr-2025

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_reporting_period	Foreground records	Use a continuous 12-month period covering normal and seasonal production.	dated source-system extracts and production reconciliation
dq_data_age	Company-specific data	Use data no more than three years old unless a longer period is demonstrably representative.	data vintage and representativeness justification
dq_product_specificity	Ingredients and packaging	Collect at beer-product or product-family level; site averages require an infeasibility and allocation record.	recipe, packaging bill, meter map, and allocation worksheet
dq_inventory_completeness	Brewery	Maintain water, energy, raw-material, wastewater, waste-gas, waste, and co-product inventories with flow sheets and balances.	inventory register, process map, mass and volume balances
dq_traceability	Material foreground values	Record source system, meter or document, frequency, gaps, stock change, conversion, allocation denominator, and uncertainty.	collection protocol evidence and audit trail
dq_representativeness	Upstream and PEF-aligned data	Prefer supplier-specific data, assess temporal, geographical, technological, and precision or uncertainty quality, and target company-specific DQR of 1.5 or better where required.	supplier records and documented quality assessment

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_identity_qualifiers	Dataset metadata	Confirm CPC 24310 alcoholic malt beer and record beer type, alcoholic strength, package, site, period, and shelf life; reject non-alcoholic beer and industrial ethanol broth.	brewers-europe-beer-pefcr-2025
validate_reference_volume	Reference flow	Require exactly 0.1 m3 of active Beer flow 6da29594-9e39-48eb-82d1-c7a4484d3740 as the quantitative reference.
validate_process_completeness	Foreground	Require all three process-map stages with utilities, losses, wastes, and co-products.	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
validate_total_energy	Brewery total	Compare normalized annual energy with 0.02-0.05 MWh/hl; investigate, reconcile, and explain outside values without replacing measurements.	eu-bat-fdm-2019
validate_water_use	Brewery total	Compare total intake with the 0.60 m3/hl screening ceiling; higher values require water-balance and boundary review.	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
validate_wastewater	Brewery total	Compare wastewater with 0.15-0.60 m3/hl; review discharge, evaporation, product, co-product moisture, recycling, and treatment boundary outside this range.	ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019; eu-bat-fdm-2019
validate_mass_volume_balance	Processes and period	Reconcile ingredients, water, wort, beer, carbon dioxide, co-products, wastes, evaporation, wastewater, filling loss, stock change, and internal transfers; disclose residual uncertainty.	eu-bat-fdm-2019
validate_allocation	Multi-product site	Verify subdivision first, direct assignment of beer-specific materials, volume allocation of residual shared beverage operations, and disclosed denominators and co-product treatment.	brewers-europe-beer-pefcr-2025
validate_temporal_quality	Foreground data	Require continuous 12-month coverage and flag company data older than three years unless representativeness is justified.	brewers-europe-beer-pefcr-2025
validate_downstream_scaling	Lifecycle model	Reconcile sold and consumed volumes and verify the declared 2%, 7%, or evidence-based loss without changing the brewery-gate reference flow.	brewers-europe-beer-pefcr-2025

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Brewery-gate foreground dataset normalized to 0.1 m3 finished malt beer
downstream_use	Project to a unit process or connect upstream and downstream datasets in a lifecyclemodel
allowed_use	Brewery inventory; hotspot screening; supplier-data collection; process improvement; disclosed cradle-to-gate or cradle-to-grave study
excluded_use	Comparative assertion or PEF claim without all applicable impact assessment, quality, review, and reporting provisions
required_metadata	Beer type; alcoholic strength; package or bulk format; brewery site; reporting period; shelf life; reference-flow UUID; CPC identity
required_quality_disclosure	Packaging mix; allocation; co-product destinations; recovered carbon dioxide; data gaps; temporary estimates; representativeness; deviations
update_trigger	Material change in recipe, strength, package mix, production technology, site, allocation, co-product destination, background data, or applicable external method

Temporary reasoned_estimate ranges are replaceable QA screens, not category facts. Replace them with reviewed evidence or product and site records before publishing a high-confidence dataset.

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
brewers-europe-beer-pefcr-2025	standard	The Brewers of Europe. Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules for Beer, revised version approved 21 March 2025, accessed 2026-08-10. https://brewersofeurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/FINAL-Revised-draft-updated-PEFCR-as-approved-by-review-panel.pdf	Beer identity and performance; lifecycle boundary; company data; allocation; brewery operations; data quality; product-loss scaling. EU PEF scope is broader than this brewery-gate foreground PCR.
ec-jrc-fdm-bref-2019	official_guidance	European Commission Joint Research Centre. Best Available Techniques Reference Document for the Food, Drink and Milk Industries, 2019, accessed 2026-08-10. https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2020-01/JRC118627_FDM_Bref_2019_published.pdf	Brewing process map; resources and residues; water; wastewater; heat; operational records. Reported values are screening evidence for European installations, not product specifications.
eu-bat-fdm-2019	standard	European Commission. Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/2031, 2019-11-12, accessed 2026-08-10. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2019/2031/oj	Environmental inventory and beer BAT-associated energy and wastewater levels. These are installation reference ranges, not fixed inventory values or product conformity limits.